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Basic Math Lessons for Grade 4 and 5

The document provides an overview of basic mathematical concepts including integers, fractions, decimals, ratios, proportions, and basic algebra. It explains key definitions, operations, and includes activities for practice. Each lesson introduces essential skills for understanding and solving mathematical problems.

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viaalessandra30
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3 views

Basic Math Lessons for Grade 4 and 5

The document provides an overview of basic mathematical concepts including integers, fractions, decimals, ratios, proportions, and basic algebra. It explains key definitions, operations, and includes activities for practice. Each lesson introduces essential skills for understanding and solving mathematical problems.

Uploaded by

viaalessandra30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1: Understanding Integers

Introduction

Integers are whole numbers that include positive numbers, negative numbers, and
zero.

Key Concepts

Positive integers: numbers greater than zero (1, 2, 3, …)

Negative integers: numbers less than zero (-1, -2, -3, …)

Zero is neither positive nor negative

Operations with Integers

Addition: Adding positive or negative numbers

Subtraction: Subtracting integers

Example: (-3) + 5 = 2; 7 - (-2) = 9

Number Line

Use a number line to visualize adding and subtracting integers.

Activity

Plot the following integers on a number line: -4, -1, 0, 3, 7. Then solve: (-2) + 6 and 4
- (-3).

Lesson 2: Fractions and Decimals

Introduction

Fractions and decimals are two ways to represent parts of a whole.

Fractions

Numerator: top number (parts you have)

Denominator: bottom number (total parts)

Example: 3/4 means 3 out of 4 parts

Decimals
Another way to write fractions based on powers of 10

Example: 0.75 is the same as 3/4

Conversions

Convert fractions to decimals by division

Convert decimals to fractions by writing decimal over the place value (e.g.,
0.5 = 5/10)

Activity

Convert the following fractions to decimals: 1/2, 3/5, 7/10. Then convert decimals
0.2, 0.45, and 0.8 to fractions.

Lesson 3: Ratios and Proportions

Introduction

Ratios compare two quantities, and proportions state that two ratios are equal.

Ratios

Written as a:b or a/b

Example: If a recipe calls for 2 cups of flour and 3 cups of sugar, the ratio is
2:3

Proportions

Equation that shows two ratios are equal

Example: 2/3 = 4/6

Solving Proportions

Cross multiply and solve for the unknown.

Activity

If 5 pencils cost $2, how much do 15 pencils cost? Set up a proportion and solve.

Lesson 4: Basic Algebra — Expressions and Equations

Introduction
Algebra uses letters (variables) to represent numbers in expressions and equations.

Expressions

Combination of variables, numbers, and operations (e.g., 3x + 5)

No equals sign

Equations

Statements that two expressions are equal (e.g., 3x + 5 = 20)

Solving Simple Equations

Isolate the variables

Example: Solve 2x + 3 = 11
Subtract 3: 2x = 8
Divide by 2: x = 4

Activity

Solve for x:

x + 7 = 15

5x = 25

3x - 4 = 11

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