MATHEMATICS

F.Sc / ICS – Ist Year

Question Bank

Chapter 1 (Number Systems)

Exercise 1.1 (Short Questions)
1. Which of the following sets have closure property with respect to addition and multiplication?
(i) 1 (ii) 1, 1 (iii) {0, 1}
2. Simplify by justifying each step.
a c 1 1
 
(i) b d (ii) 4 5
a c 1 1
 
b d 4 5
Exercise 1.2 (Short Questions)
1. Define a complex number, is 0 a complex number?
21
2.
Simplify the following: (i) Simplify i10 (ii)  1 2
3. Simplify the following and write the answer as a complex number:
(i)  7,9    3, 5  (ii) (5,  4)(3,  2) (iii) (2, 6)  (3, 7)
4. Prove that sum as well as product of two conjugate complex numbers is a real number.
5. Find the multiplicative inverse of
(i) (4, 7) (ii) 2,  5 (iii) 1  2i 
(iv) a  bi (v) 3  5i
6. Factorize: (i) a2  4b2 (ii) 9a2  16b2 (iii) 3x2  3 y 2
7. i
Separate into real and imaginary parts of
1 i
Exercise 1.3 (Short Questions)
1. z, z1 , z2  C prove that
|  z | | z |  | z |  |  z | zz zz  z z1 z2  z1 z2
2
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(v) z1  z2  z1  z2 (vi) z1 z2  z1 z2
2. Find the moduli of the following complex numbers
(i) 1 i 3 (ii) 3  4i
 
3
3. Find the real and imaginary parts of 3i

4. Prove that z  z iff z ir real.

(ii)  z  z  is a real number.
2 2
5. Show that z  C (i) z 2  z is a real number.
3
 1 3 
(ii)  a  bi 
2
6. Simplify : (i)    i 
 2 2 
Chapter 3 (Matrices and Determinants)
Exercise 3.1 (Short Questions)
1. Define diagonal matrix and give one example.
2. Define scalar matrix and give one example.
3. i 0 
If A    , show that A  I 2
4

1  i 
4. Find x and y if
x  3 1   2 1 x  3 1  y 1
(i)   (ii)  
 3 3 y  4   3 2   3 3 y  4   3 2 x 
5. 2 0 x   1 x y   4 2 3
Find x and y if    2 0 2 1   1 6 1 
1 y 3     
6. 1 2 0 0
If A    and A2    , find the values of a and b.
a b  0 0
7.  1 1 1 0 
If A    and A2    , find the values of a and b.
a b  0 1 
Exercise 3.2 (Short Questions)
1.  3 1  2i i 
Find the inverses of (i)   (ii)  
2 1   i i 
2. Solve the equations 2 x1  3x2  5, 5x1  x2  4
3. If A and B are square matrices of the same order, then explain why in general
( A  B)2  A2  2 AB  B2
4. Solve the matrix for X
 2 3 2   2 3 1 
(i) 3X  2A = B if A    and B   
 1 1 5   5 4 1
 1 1 2  3 1 0 
(ii) 2 X  3 A  B if A =   and B =  
 2 4 5  4 2 1
Exercise 3.3 (Short Questions)
1. Write any two properties of determinant.
2. 2a a a 1 2 3
Evaluate: (i) b 2b b (ii) 1 3 4
c c 2c 2 5 6
3. 2 3 1 1 2 3
Without expansion show that (i) 1 1 0  0 (ii) 4 5 6  0
2 3 5 7 8 9
4. Without expansion verify that
a
1 a2
bc bc ca ab
   1 1 2 3x
b 1 1 1
(i)     1  0 (ii) 2 3 6 x  0 (iii) 1 b 2 0 (iv) 0
ca a b c
   1 3 5 9x
c a b c
1 c2
ab
2a 2b 2c
(v) a  b 2b b  c  0
a  c b  c 2c
5. 1 2 3
If A  0 2 0  , then find A12 , A22 , A32 and A .

 
 2 2 1 
6. 3 1 x 1 2 1
Find the values of x if (i) 1 3 4  30 (ii) 2 x 2  0
x 1 0 3 6 x
7.  3 2 1
Find AA if A  
t

2 1 3 
8.  4  3
Find the value of λ if A = 7 3 6  is singular matrix.
 2 3 1 
9.  2 1 1 t t 1
If A    , verify that ( A )  ( A )
 3 1 
10. If A and B are non-singular matrices, then show that:
(ii)  A1   A
1
(i)  AB   B 1 A1
1

Long Questions
1. Show that:
a a a bc a a
(i) a a a  2
(3a  ) (ii) b ca b  4abc
a a a c c ab
a bc a b a b c
(iii) b c  a b  c  a 3  b3  c3  3abc (iv) a b c   2 (a  b  c   )
c ab ca a b c
x 1 1 1
b  c a a2
1 x 1 1
(v) c  a b b 2  (a  b  c)(a  b)(b  c)(c  a ) (vi)  ( x  3)( x  1)3
1 1 x 1
a  b c c2
1 1 1 x
2. 2 1 0
Find A if A  1 1 0 
1

 2 3 5 
Exercise 3.4 (Short Questions)
1. Define skew-symmetric matrix.
2. Define (i) Hermitian matrix. (ii) Skew-hermitain matrix.
3. If the matrices A and B are symmetric and AB  BA, show that AB is symmetric.
4. i 1  i 
 
t
If A =   , show that: (i) A  A is hermitian. (ii) A  ( A)t is skew-hermitian.
1  i 
5. If A is symmetric or skew-symmetric, Show that A2 is symmetric.
6.  1 
If A  1  i  , find A( A)t .
 i 
Exercise 3.5
Long Questions
1. Solve the following system of linear equations by Cramer’s rule.
(i) 2 x  2 y  z  3, 3x  2 y  2 z  1, 5x  y  3z  2
(ii) 2 x1  x2  x3  8, x1  2x2  2x3  6, x1  2x2  x3  1
2. Use matrices to solve the following systems.
(i) x  2 y  z  1, 3x  y  2z  4, y  z  1
(ii) 2 x1  x2  3x3  3, x1  x2  2 x3  0,  3x1  x2  x3  4
Chapter 4 (Quadratic Equations)
Exercise 4.1 (Short Questions)
1. Solve the following equations by factorization:
(i) x2  7 x  10  0 (FSD 24, G-II) (ii) x( x  7)  (2 x 1)( x  4)
 a b 1 1
(iii)   a  b; x  ,
ax  1 bx  1 a b
2. Solve the following equations by completing the square:
(i) x2  2 x  899  0 (ii) x2  4 x 1085  0
(iii) 2 x2  12 x 110  0
3. Solve the following equations by using quadratic formula:
(i) 5x2 13x  6  0 (ii) 15x2  2ax  a2  0
(iii) (a  b) x2  (a  2b  c) x  b  c  0
4. 1
Solve the equation 4 x  .
2
Exercise 4.2 (Short Questions)
1. Define reciprocal equation.
2. Define an exponential equation.
3. Solve the following equations:
1 1 2 1
(i) x 2  x 4  6  0 (ii) x 4  6 x 2  8  0 (iii) x 5  8  6 x 5
Exercise 4.4 (Short Questions)
1. Show that sum of cube roots of unity is zero.
2. Find the three cube roots of 1,  8,  27
3. Prove that  28   29  1  0 where  3  1
4. Evaluate (1   2 )(1   2 )
5. 9
 1  3   1  3 
9

Prove that       2
 2   2 
6.
    1  
4 4
Prove that 1  3 3  16
7. Show that: (i) x3  y3  ( x  y)( x   y)( x   2 y)
(ii) x3  y3  z 3  3xyz  ( x  y  z )( x   y   2 z )( x   2 y   z )
8. Find the four fourth roots of 1, 16, 625
9. Find the equation whose roots are 2 and 2 2 where  is a cube root of unity.
Exercise 4.5 (Short Questions)
1. Use remainder theorem to find the remainder when x2  3x  7 is divided by x  1.
2. Show that ( x  2) is a factor of x4  13x2  36.
3. Using factor theorem to show that x  a is a factor of xn  an where n is a positive integer.
4. When the polynomial x3  2x2  kx  4 is divided by x  2, the remainder is 14. Find the value of k .

5. Use synthetic division to show that x  2, x  3 are the roots of 2 x4  7 x3  4 x2  27 x 18.

Exercise 4.6 (Short Questions)
1. If ,  are the roots of 3x  2 x  4  0, find the values of
2

1 1
(i) 2  2 (ii) 2 2
 
2. If ,  are the roots of x2  px  p  c  0, prove that (1  )(1  )  1  c.
3. Find the condition that one root of x2  px  q  0 is
(i) additive inverse of the other (ii) multiplicative inverse of the other.
4. If the roots of the equation x  px  q  0 differ by unity, prove that p2  4q  1
2

Exercise 4.7 (Short Questions)

1. Discuss the nature of roots of the equations:
(i) 9 x2 12 x  4  0 (ii) 2 x2  5x  1  0 (iii) 25x2  30 x  9  0
2.  1
Show that the roots of the equation x 2  2  m   x  3  0, m  0 are real.
 m
3. Show that the roots of the equation (b  c) x  (c  a) x  (a  b)  0, a, b, c  Q will be real.
2

4. Show that the roots of the equation px2  ( p  q) x  q  0 are rational.

5. For what values of m will the following equations have equal roots?
(m  1) x2  2(m  3) x  2m  3  0, m  1
Chapter 5 (Partial Fractions)
Exercise 5.1 (Short Questions)
1. Define:
(i) partial fraction with example. (ii) rational fraction with example.
(iii) proper rational fraction with example. (iv) improper rational fraction with example.
(v) an identity with example. (vi) conditional equation with example.
7 x  25
2. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  3)( x  4)
x2  1
3. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  1)( x  1)
6 x3  5 x 2  7
4. Change in to proper fraction.
2 x2  x 1
x A B C
5. If    , find the value of A.
( x  a)( x  b)( x  c) x  a x  b x  c
Long Questions
x  10 x  13
2
Resolve into partial fractions.
 x  1  x 2  5x  6 
1.

1
2. Resolve into partial fractions
1  ax 1  bx 1  cx 
Exercise 5.2 (Short Question)
2x 1
1. Resolve into partial fractions without finding the values of unknown constants.
( x  3)( x  1)( x  2)2
Long Questions
1. 5x  2 x  3
2
2. 1
Resolve into partial fractions. Resolve into partial fractions.
 x  2 ( x  3) 2 ( x  1)
3

3. x 1 4. 4 x3
Resolve into partial fractions. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  2)( x  1)3 ( x 2  1)( x  1) 2
Exercise 5.3 (Short Question)
x2  2 x  2
1. Resolve into partial fractions without finding the values of unknown constants.
( x 2  3)( x  1)( x  1)
Long Questions
9x  7 x 2  15
Resolve 2 into partial fractions. Resolve 2 into partial fractions.
1. ( x  1)( x  3) 2. ( x  2 x  5)( x  1)

x2  1 x4
3. Resolve into partial fractions. 4. Resolve into partial fractions.
x3  1 1  x4
1
5. Resolve into partial fractions
( x  1) ( x 2  2)
2
 Chapter 6 (Sequences and Series)
Exercise 6.1 (Short Questions)
1. Write the first four terms of the following sequences, if:
n
(i) an  (1) n n 2 (ii) an  an1  n  2, a1  2 (iii) an  nan1 , a1  1 (iv) an 
2n  1
2. Find the next two terms of the following sequences:
(i) 1,3,7,15,31, (ii) 1, 2,12, 40, (iii) 1, 3,5, 7,9, 11,
Exercise 6.2 (Short Questions)
1. Define arithmetic progression.
2. Find the number of terms in the A.P. if; a1  3, d  7 and an  59.
3. If an3  2n  5, find the nth term of the sequence.
4. Find the 18th term of the A.P. if its 6th term is 19 and the 9th term is 31.
5. Which term of the A.P. 5, 2, 1, is 85?
6. How many terms are there in the A.P. in which a1  11, an  68, d  3?
7. If the nth term of the A.P. is 3n  1, find the A.P.
8. Determine whether  19 is the term of the A.P. 17,13,9, or not.
9. 2 2 2
 4   7   10 
Find the nth term of the sequence   ,   ,   ,
3 3  3 
10. 1 1 1 ac
If , and are in A.P., show that the common difference is .
a b c 2ac
Exercise 6.3 (Short Questions)
ab
1. Prove that A  , where A is A.M. between two numbers a and b.
2
2. Find A.M. between: (i) x  3 and x  5 (ii) 1  x  x 2 and 1  x  x 2
3. If 5, 8 are two A.Ms between a and b, find a and b.
4. Find three A.Ms between 3 and 11.
5. Find three A.Ms between 2 and 3 2.
Exercise 6.4 (Short Questions)
1. How many terms of the series 9  6  3  0  amount to 66?
2. Sum the series:
3 5
(i) 3  (1)  1  3  5   a16 (ii) 2 2  a13
2 2
1
(iii) 8  3  1   a11 (iv) ( x  a)  ( x  a)  ( x  3a)  to n terms
2
3. How many terms of the series 7  (5)  (3)  amount to 65?
4. Sum the series: 3  5  7  9  11 13  15  17 19 to3n terms.
5. Find the sum of 20 terms of the series whose rth term is 3r  1.
Exercise 6.6 (Short Questions)
1. Find the 5th term of the G.P. 3,6,12,
2. 4
Find the 11th term of the sequence, 1  i, 2, ,
1 i
3. Find the 12th term of 1  i, 2i, 2  2i,
4. x y x y
Which term of the sequence x 2  y 2 , x  y, , is ?
x y ( x  y )9
5. If a, b, c, d are in G.P., prove that a  b, b  c, c  d are in G.P.
6. Show that the reciprocals of the terms of the geometric sequence a1 , a1r 2 , a1r 4 ,     form another
geometric sequence.
7. 1 1 1 a
If , and are in G.P. show that the common ratio is 
a b c c
Exercise 6.7 (Short Questions)
1. Find G.M. between 2i and 8i
2. Insert two G.Ms. between 2 and 16
3. Insert three G.Ms. between 2 and 32
4. Insert four real geometric means between 3 and 96.
Exercise 6.8 (Short Questions)
1. 1 1
Find the sum of first 15 terms of the geometric sequence 1, , ,
3 9
2. Find the sums of the following infinite geometric series:
1 1 1 1 1 1 9 3 2
(i)    (ii)    (iii)  1 
5 25 125 2 4 8 4 2 3
(iv) 2  1  0.5  (v) 4  2 2  2  2 1 (vi) 2, 2,1,
3. Find vulgar fractions equivalent to the following recurring decimals.
      
(i) 1.34 (ii) 0.7 (iii) 1.53 (iii) 1.14 7
4. x 1 1 2y
If y   x 2  x3  and if 0  x  2, then prove that x 
2 4 8 1 y
5. x x2
If y  1   
2 4
 y 1 
(i) Show that x  2   (ii) Find the interval in which the series is convergent.
 y 
Exercise 6.10 (Short Questions)
1. 1 1 1
Find the nth and 8th term of H.P. , , ,
2 5 8
2. 1 2 1
Find the 12th terms of the harmonic sequences , , ,
3 9 6
3. 1 5
If the 7th and 10th terms of an H.P. are and respectively, find its 14th term.
3 21
4. If 5 is the harmonic mean between 2 and b, find b.
5. 1 1 1
If the numbers , and are in harmonic sequence, find k .
k 2k  1 4k  1
6. If A, G and H are the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means between a and b respectively,
show that G2  AH .
7. Show that G2  AH if a  2i, b  4i
8. Find A, G, H and verify that A  G  H (G  0), if a  2, b  8.
Chapter 7 (Permutation, Combination and Probability)
Exercise 7.1 (Short Questions)
1. 8! 8!
Evaluate: (i) (ii) (iii) 4!.0!.1!
6! 4!2!
2. Write each of the following in the factorial form:
10.9 8.7.6
(i) (ii) (iii) n(n 1)(n  2)
2.1 3.2.1
 n  1 n  n  1
(iv) (n  2)(n  1)(n) (v) (vi) n(n 1)(n  2) (n  r  1)
3.2.1
 Exercise 7.2 (Short Questions)
1. Find the value of n when:
(i) n
P2  30 (ii) 11
Pn  11.10.9 (iii) n
P4 : n 1P3  9 :1
2. Prove that: n Pr  n. n 1Pr 1
3. How many signals can be given by 6 flags of different colours when any number of flags can be used
at a time?
4. How many words can be formed from the letters of the word PLANE using all letters when no letter is
to be repeated?
Exercise 7.3 (Short Questions)

1. How many arrangements of the letters of the following words, taken all together, can be made:
(i) PAKPATTAN (ii) PAKISTAN (ii) MATHEMATICS
How many arrangements of the letters of the word ATTACKED can be made if each arrangement
2.
begins with C and ends with K?
How many permutations of the letters of the word PANAMA can be made, if P is to the first letter in
3.
each arrangement?
The Governor of the Punjab calls a meeting of 12 officers. In how many ways can they be seated at a
4.
round table?
5. In how many ways can 4 keys be arranged on a circular key ring?
6. How many necklaces can be made from 6 beads of different colours?
Exercise 7.4 (Short Questions)
1. Prove that: Cr  Cn  r
n n

2.
Find the value of n, when
12 11
(i) n
C8  nC12 , find n. (ii) n
C10  (iii) n
C12  nC6
2!
3. How many (a) diagonals and (b) triangles can be formed by joining the vertices of the polygon having:
(i) 6 sides (ii) 8 sides
4. In how many ways can a hockey team of 11 players be selected out of 15 players? How many of them
will include a particular player?
5. Show that: 16C11  16C10  17C11
Exercise 7.5 (Short Questions)
1. What is sample space and event?
2. A dice is rolled. What is the probability that the dots on the top are greater than 4?
3. What is the probability that a slip of number divisible by 4 is picked from the slips bearing number
1, 2,3, ,10?
4. A die is rolled, what is the probability that the top shows dot 3 or 4.
5. Determine the probability of gettting 2 heads and 2 tails when a coin is tossed four times.
Exercise 7.7 (Short Questions)
1. If sample space  1, 2,3, ,9 , Event A  2, 4, 6,8 and Event B  1,3,5 , find P( A  B).
Two dice are thrown. What is the probability that the sum of the number of dots appearing on them
2.
is 4 or 6?
1 1 1
3. If P( A)  ; P( B)  ; P( A B)  , then find P( A B) .
2 2 3
Exercise 7.8 (Short Question)
1. Determine the probability of getting 2 heads in two successive tosses of a balanced coin.
Chapter 9 (Fundamentals of Trigonometry)
Exercise 9.1 (Short Questions)
1. Define Degree and Radian measure of an angle. 2. Convert 18o 621 to decimal form.
3. Convert 21.256o into Do M S  form. 4. Find , when l  3.2m, r  2m
5. (i) Express 75o 630 in radian. (ii) Convert 54o 45' into radians.
(iii) Express   120o 40" in radians.
6. 19
(i) Convert radians into degree.
32
9
(ii) Convert into the measure of Sexagesimal System.
5
7. Find , when   65o 20, r  18mm 8. Find r , when  56 cm,   45o
9. What is the length of the arc intercepted on a circle of radius 14cm by the arms of a central angle of
45o?
10. The pendulum of a clock is 20 cm long and it swings through an angle of 20o each second. How far
does the tip of the pendulum move in 1 second?
Long Questions
1. A railway train is running on a circular track of radius 500 meters at the rate of 30 km per hour.
Through what angle will it turn in 10 sec?
2. A horse is tethered to a peg by a rope of 9 meters length and it can move in a circle with the peg as
centre. If the horse moves along the circumference of the circle, keeping the rope tight, how far will it
have gone when the rope has turned through an angle of 70o ?
3. A circular wire of radius 6 cm is cut straightened and then bent so as to lie along the circumference of
a hoop of radius 24 cm. Find the measure of the angle which it subtends at the centre of the hoop.
4. 1
Show that area of a sector of a circular region of radius r is r 2 , where  is the circular measure of
2
the central angle of the sector.
5. Two cities A and B lie on the equator such that their longitudes are 45o E and 25o W respectively.
Find the distance between the two cities, taking radius of the earth as 6400 kms.
Exercise 9.2 (Short Questions)
1. Define angle and angle in standard position.
2. Define quadrantal angle.
3. State fundamental identities.
4. 12
sin   , terminal arm of the angle is in quadrant. Find the values of sec ,cos  .
13
5. 9
If cos   and the terminal arm of the angle is in quadrant IV, find the values of the remaining
41
trigonometric functions.
Long Questions
1. 15
1. If cot   and the terminal arm of the angle is not in quadrant I, find the values of cos  and
8
cos ec.
2. m2  1  
If cos ec  and m  0  0     , find the values of remaining trigonometric ratios.
2m  2
3. 1
If tan   and the terminal arm of the angle is not in the III quadrant, find the value of
7
cos ec 2   sec2 
.
cos ec 2  sec2 
4. 5 3sin   4cos 
If cot   and the terminal arm of the angle is in the I quadrant, find the value of .
2 cos   sin 
 Exercise 9.3 (Short Questions)
1. Verify the following.
1 3
(i) sin 60o cos30o  cos60o sin 30o  sin 30o (ii) 2sin 45o  cos ec45o 
2 2
   
(iii) sin 2 : sin 2 : sin 2 : sin 2  1: 2 : 3 : 4
6 4 3 2
2. Verify the following when   30 , 45o.
o

(i) sin 2  2sin  cos  (ii) cos 2  2cos2  1

3. Find x, if tan 2 45o  cos2 60o  x sin 45o cos 45o tan 60o
4. Find the values of all trigonometric functions of the following angles
7 19
(i) 420o (ii)  (iii)
4 3
(iv) 675 o
(v) 1530 o
(vi) 2430o
Exercise 9.4 (Short Questions)
1. 
Prove that cot 4   cot 2   cos ec4  cos ec2, where  is not an integral multiple of .
2
2. Prove that tan   cot   cos ec sec  3. Prove that cos   tan  sin   sec 
4. Prove that sec2   cos ec2  tan 2   cot 2  5. Prove that cot 2   cos2   cot 2  cos2 
6. 1  tan 2  7. sin 
Prove that cos 2
  sin 2
  Prove that  cot   cos ec
1  tan 2  1  cos 
8. 2 tan  9. 1  sin 
Prove that  2sin  cos  Prove that (sec   tan  ) 2 
1  tan 2  1  sin 
10. 1  sin  cos  11. Prove that (tan   cot )  sec2  cos ec2
2
Prove that 
cos  1  sin 
12. Prove that 13. 1 1
Prove that   2sec 2 
sin3   cos3   (sin   cos )(1  sin  cos ) 1  sin  1  sin 

Long Questions
tan   sec   1
1. Prove that:  tan   sec 
tan   sec   1
1 1 1 1
2. Prove that:   
co sec   cot  sin  sin  co sec   cot 
3. Prove that: sin 6   cos6   (sin 2   cos2 )(1  sin 2  cos2 )
4. Prove that: sin 6   cos6   1  3sin 2  cos2 
cos   sin  cos   sin  2
5. Prove that:  
cos   sin  cos   sin  1  2sin 2 
Chapter 11 (Trigonometric Functions and their Graphs)
Exercise 11.1 (Short Questions)
1. Define periodic function and period of trigonometric function.
2.
Find the periods of the following functions:
x x x
(i) tan 4x (ii) sin (iii) cos ec (iv) cos
3 4 6
x
(v) tan (vi) cot 8x (vii) sec9x (viii) 3sin x
7
x
(ix) 3cos (x) cos ec10x
5
 Chapter 12 (Applications of Trigonometry)
Exercise 12.2 (Short Questions)
1. Solve the right triangle ABC, in which   90o
(i) a  3.28, b  5.74 (ii) b  68.4, c  96.2 (iii)   3720, a  243
Exercise 12.3 (Short Questions)
1. A vertical pole is 8 m high and the length of its shadow is 6 m. What is the angle of elevation of the
sun at that moment?
2. At the top of a cliff 80 m high, the angle of depression of a boat is 12. How far is the boat from the
cliff?
3. A ladder leaning against a vertical wall makes an angle of 24 with the wall. Its foot is 5 m from the
wall. Find its length.
4. A kite flying at a height of 67.2 m is attached to a fully stretched string inclined at an angle of 55 to
the horizontal. Find the length of the string.
5. When the angle between the ground and the sun is 30, flat pole casts a shadow of 40 m long. Find
the height of the top of the flag.
Exercise 12.4 (Short Questions)
1. What is difference between right angle triangle and oblique triangle.
2. Solve the triangle ABC, if (i)   60o ,   15o , b  6 (ii)   3517,   4513, b  421
Exercise 12.5 (Short Questions)
1. State law of cosine. 2. State law of tangent.
3. Solve the triangle ABC in which a  7, b  3 and   38o13
4. By using Law of cosine find the value of c if a  3  1, b  3  1,   60o
Measure of two sides of a triangle are in the ratio 3: 2 and angle including these sides is 57o. Find the
5.
remaining two angles.
Exercise 12.6 (Short Questions)
1.   
Write half angle formulas of sin   , cos   and cos   .
2 2 2
2. Solve the triangle ABC in which a  7, b  7, c  9
3. Find the smallest angle of the triangle ABC, when a = 37.34, b = 3.24, c = 35.06.
4. Find the measure of the greatest angle, if sides of the triangle are 16, 20, 33.
Exercise 12.7 (Short Questions)
1. Find the area of triangle ABC, in which
(i) a  200, b  120,   150o (ii) b  37, c  45,   30o50
2. Find the area of triangle ABC, in which
(i) b  25.4,   36o 41,   45o17 (ii) c  32,   47o 24,   70o16
3. Find the area of triangle ABC, in which
(i) a  18, b  24, c  30 (ii) a  524, b  276, c  315
4. The area of triangle is 2437. If a  79 and c  97, then find angle  .
Exercise 12.8 (Short Questions)
1. 
Show that: r  ( s  a ) tan
2
2.   
Show that: (i) r1  s tan (ii) r2  s tan (iii) r3  s tan
2 2 2
3. Prove that: (i) r r1 r2 r3   2 (ii) r1 r2 r3  rs 2
4. Find R, r , r1 , r2 and r3 if measures of the sides of triangle ABC are a  13, b  14, c  15
5. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Show that: (i)    (ii)   
2rR ab bc ca r r1 r2 r3
 Chapter 13 (Inverse Trigonometric Functions)
Exercise 13.1 (Short Questions)
1. Evaluate without using tables / calculator

(i) cos 1
1
2
(GRW 24, G-I) (ii) tan 1  3   (iii)
 1 
tan 1 
 3


 2   1 
(iv) cos ec 1   (v) sin 1   
 3  2
2. Without using table / calculator show that:
4 24 4 4
(i) 2 cos 1  sin 1 (ii) cos 1  cot 1
5 25 5 3
3. Find the value of each expression:
 3  1   3
(i) sin  cos 1  (ii) cos  sin 1  (iii) tan  cos 1 
 2   2   2 
  1    1 
(iv) csc  tan 1 ( 1)  (v) tan  sin 1     (vi) sec  sin 1    
  2    2 
(vii) sin  tan 1 ( 1) 
Exercise 13.2 (Short Questions)
1. 2A
Prove that 2 tan 1 A  tan 1
1  A2
2. 1 1 9 3. Show that: cos  sin 1 x   1  x 2
Prove that: tan 1  tan 1  tan 1
4 5 19
4. Show that: sin  2 cos 1 x   2 x 1  x 2 5. Show that: cos  2sin 1 x   1  2 x 2

6. Show that: cos1 ( x)    cos1 x 7.

Show that tan(sin 1 x) 
x
1  x2
Long Questions
5 7 253
1. Prove that: sin 1  sin 1  cos 1
13 25 325
2 12
2. Prove that: 2 tan 1  sin 1
3 13
120 12
3. Prove that: tan 1  2 cos 1
119 13
1 1 
4. Prove that: sin  cot 1 3 
5 4
1 3 8 77
5. Prove that: sin  sin 1  sin 1
5 17 85
1 77 3 15
6. Prove that: sin  sin 1  cos 1
85 5 17
1 3 3 8 π
7. Prove that: tan  tan 1  tan 1 
4 5 19 4
1 4 5 16 
8. Prove that sin  sin 1  sin 1 
5 13 65 2
1 1 5 1 1
9. Prove that: tan  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1
11 6 3 2
1 1 1 π
10. Prove that: 2 tan  tan 1 
3 7 4
 Chapter 14 (Solutions of Trigonometric Equations)
Exercise 14 (Short Questions)
1. Define trigonometric equation. Give one example.
2. 1
Solve the equation (i) sin x  (ii) 1  cos x  0 (iii) 4cos2 x  3  0
2
3
(iv) sin x  cos x  0 (v) sin x cos x 
4
3. Find the solutions of equations which lies in [0, 2 ]
3 1
(i) sin x   (ii) cos ec  2 (iii) sec x  2 (iv) cot  
2 3
4. Solve the equations which lies in [0, 2 ]
4 4 1
(i) cos ec 2  (ii) sec2   (iii) cot 2  
3 3 3
5. Solve the equation 2sin   cos   0 for  [0,  ]
2