Topics in Paper 1

The History and Importance of the Quran

June/2024/P1/11/Q2
(a) Write about how God describes Himself using:
(i) Sura 6.101–103 (al-Anʾam)
(ii) Sura 41.37 (Fussilat)
(iii) Sura 42.4–5 (ash-Shura). [10]
(b) In your opinion, how can the knowledge God gives about Himself help Muslims in times of hardship? [4]

June/2024/P1/12/Q2
(a) Describe the way the Qur’an was compiled and standardised into one book. [10]
(b) In what ways is it beneficial for Muslims to have a written Qur’an? [4]

Nov/2023/P1/11/Q2
(a) Some of the early Muslims migrated to Abyssinia. Give an account of the events of this migration. [10]
(b) To what extent can this migration be considered similar to Muslim migrations today? Give reasons for your answer.
[4]

Nov/2023/P1/12/Q2
(a) Using the set passages you have studied, outline the relationship between God and his Messengers: Adam and
Abraham. [10]
(b) How can Muslims use the Qur’an to develop a closer connection with God? [4]

June/2023/P1/11/Q2
(a) The Prophet (pbuh) received revelation from God when he was 40 years old. Write about this experience of the
first
Revelation. [10]
(b) Explain the importance of the revelation being sent to a prophet who could not read or write. [4]

June/2023/P1/12/Q2
(a) Write about the different ways that revelations were received by the Prophet (pbuh). [10]
(b) Why do you think it was important for revelations to come over a period of time? [4]

Nov/2022/P1/11/Q2
(a) Write about how God describes Himself so humans can know Him using:
(i) Sura 2.255 (Ayat al-Kursi)
(ii) Sura 114 (Ikhlas). [10]
(b) How can Muslims use the verses from part (a) to connect to God in their everyday lives? [4]

Nov/2022/P1/12/Q2
(a) Write about the ways in which the Qur’an was compiled and preserved after the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬death. [10]
(b) Muslims today can access the Qur’an in a number of different ways. How useful is this? Give reasons to support
your answer. [4]

June/2022/P1/11/Q2
(a) Write about the Qur’an and Sunna and how they are used with Ijma’ in Islamic Law. [10]
(b) How has the Qur’an, as a primary source of law, helped to unify Muslims over time? [4]

June/2022/P1/12/Q2
(a) Give an account of the Prophet’s experience of receiving the first revelation of the Qur’an. [10]
(b) What was the significance of the Qur’an being revealed over 23 years? [4]
Nov/2021/P1/11/Q2
(a) Using passages from the syllabus, write about the duties of humankind towards God and the created
world. [10]
(b) What do Muslims have to consider when looking after their environment? [4]

Nov/2021/P1/12/Q2
(a) Write about the way in which The Qur’an and Sunna are used in Islamic Law. [10]
(b) Give one example where Ijma or Qiyas has been significant for Muslims today. [4]

June/2021/P1/11/Q2
(a) Give an account of the different ways in which Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬received revelation. [10]
(b) The Quran was not revealed all at the one time. Why do you think was important ?[4]

June/2021/P1/12/Q2
(a) Write about the ways in which Abu Bakr, Umar and Usman were involved in the Compilation and
preservation of the Quran. [10]
(b) What is the significance for Muslims to have the Quran written in the form of a book? [4]

Nov/2020/P1/11/Q2
(a) Using passages from the syllabus write about what God says about His Relationship with two of His
Messengers. [10]
(b) How might Muslims use the Quran to have a closer connection with God? [4]

Nov/2020/P1/12/Q2
(a) Describe the different ways that the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬received revelation from God. [10]
(b) Why do you think that the revelation was sent to someone who could not read or write ? [4]

June/2020/P1/11/Q2
(a) Write about the events of the first revelation received by the Prophet Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬and how he was
reassured afterwards. [10]
(b) What can Muslims today learn from the first revelation about the importance of reading and
understanding the Quran ? [4]

June/2020/P1/12/Q2
(a) Using three passages you have studied from the syllabus, write about the Allah’s relationship with His
Created World. [10].
(b) How might teachings from these passages encourage people to take care of their environment? [4]

N/2019/P1/11/Q2
(a) Write an account of how four sources of Islamic Law are used together. [10]
(b) Why do you think some scholars don’t favour the use of Qiyas ? [4]

Nov/2019/P1/12/Q2
(a) Write about the Prophet Muhammad’s ‫ ﷺ‬first experience of Revelation. [10]
(b) The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬couldn’t read or write. In what way has this always been significant for Muslims. [10]
J/2019/ p1/12/ Q2

(a) Using the Qur’an passages set for special study in the syllabus, outline
the relationship between God and two of His Messengers:
• Adam,
• Abraham,
• Jesus.
(b) God’s Messengers experienced trials. How can their responses help
Muslims face difficulties in their own lives?

j/2019/ p1/11/ Q2
(a) Write about the way in which the Qur’an was compiled after the
Prophet’s death.
(b) How does the Qur’an in written form help Muslims around the
world?

N/2018/ p1/12/ Q2
(a) Write an account of how the four sources of Islamic Law are used together.
(b) How useful are ‘ijma and qiyas when dealing with modern issues?

N/2018/ p1/11/ Q2

(a) Write an account of the different ways in which revelations came to the Prophet. Include examples in your
answer.

(b) Muslims around the world memorise/recite the Qur’an in Arabic even though they might not understand the
meaning. What do you think are the benefits of this?

J/2018/ p1/11/ Q2
(a)The Quran Teaches Muslims about their relationship with God .Write about this relationship using the
passage you have studied.
(b)God gave humankind guidance and teachings .Why does the Quran lay emphasis on the need to gain
knowledge?

J/2018/ p1/12/ Q2

(a)Write an account of the events of the first revelation and the prophet’s reaction afterwards.
(b)The Quran was revealed in parts over a number of years. Why was this important

N/2017/ p1/11/ Q2

(a) Write about the function of the Qur’an and Sunna as the two primary sources of Islamic law.
(b) Why do you think the Qur’an and Sunna are not the only sources of Law and are supplemented by ‘ijma
and qiyas?

N/2017/ p1/12/ Q2
(a)The Quran has been preserved in writing for over 1400 years .Give an account of the way in which it was
compiled in the written format.

(b)Do you think ,for Muslims nowadays having the Quran in a written format outweight the benefits of the
having the oral tradition? Give reason for your answer.

J/2017/ p1/11 Q2
 (a) Choose two from the following passages and write in detail about the various ways in which God
describe in them how He is unique;6.101-103,’42.4-5,112,41.37.
(b) In your opinion why should Muslims try to understand God’s attributes ?Give reason for your answer.

J/2017/ p1/12/ Q2
(a)From the Quran passages set for special study in the syllabus ,describe the ways in which God gave
knowledge of Himself to his Messengers.
(b)’undergoing hardships brings a person closer to God .Agree or disagree with the statement ,giving reasons
for your answer.

N/2016/ p1/11/Q2
(a)From Quran passages you have studied ,Write about What lessons can be learnt from God’s conversation
with Adam and Jesus.
(b)As God respresentative on Earth say how Men and womwn can serve God ,giving example.

N2016/P1/12/Q2
(a) The first revelation came to the Prophet Muhammad in 610. Describe his Experience of this event.
[10]
(b) Why do you think the revelation was sent down to a person who could not read or write? [4]

J2016/P1/11/Q2
(a)Describe the ways in which Abu Bakr,Umar ans usman were involved in the compilation of Quran.

(b) TheQuran should not have been compiled in written form because it did not take place during the prophet’s
lifetime’.Agree or disagree With this statement , giving reasons for your answer.

J2016/P1/12/Q2
(a) The Qur’an is the main source of Islamic law. Write an account of how it is used with each of the other three
sources. [10]
(b) Do you think that both ijma’ and qiyas are equally important for solving present day issues? [4]
Give reasons for your answer.

N2015/P1/11/Q2
(a)Using Quranic passages you have studied from the syllabus ,describe how God guided his messengers to
increase their belief in Him.Refer to at least two messengers in your answer.

(b)God sends humankind messengers from amongst their communities.Explain why this is Significant.

N2015/P1/12/Q2
(a) Write about the preservation of the Qur’an in the form of the Mushaf held by Hafsa. [10]
(b)’ memorizing the Qur’an is no longer important because the Quran is preserved as a book.” Discuss whether
you are agreed or disagree with this statement, giving reasons for your answer. [4]

J/2015/P1/11/Q2
(a)The Angel Jibril brought the revelation of the Quran to the Prophet Muhammad at different times and
places. Give examples to show how this took place.

(b)What was the significance of the Prophet being given the revelation by word rather than in writing?
J/2015/P1/12/Q2
(a) Using Quran passages from the syllabus ,Describe what the Quran teaches about God’s responsibility to
His creatures and their duties toward Him.
(b) ‘The Quran teaches that humans should be responsible towards the environment ‘.Agree or disagree
With this statement , giving reasons for your answer.

N/2014/p1/11/Q2

(a)Write about how the Quran is used with the other three sources in Islamic Law.

(b)How important the use of Ijma or Qiyas in Islamic law in present day situations? Give reason for your
answer.

N/2014/P1/12/Q2
(a)Write about the methods used to compile the Quran into a book after the death of the Prophet. [10]
(b)Why is understanding the teachings of the Quran important to Muslims? [4]

J/2014/P1/11/Q2

(a)Give an account of the Quran was first revealed to the prophet.

(b) was it significant that the Quran was revealed to someone who read or write? give reasons for your answer.

J2014/P1/12/Q2
(a) The sunnah is often use with the Qur’an as a primary source of Islamic Law. Describe the ways in which
they are used together. [10]
(b) “The Qura’an is not as relevant to the Muslims now as it was 1400 years ago.” Give 2 reasons to agree or
disagree with this statement [4]

N/2013/P1/11/Q2
(a)Write about the experience of two prophets you have studied in the Quran (not including the prophet
Muhammad)
(b)What lessons can Muslims learn from these stories?

N/2013/P1/12/Q2
(a)Using the passages you have studied, write about the main teachings about God’s in the Quran.[10]
(b)How might these teachings affect a Muslim’s life today? [4]

J/2013/P1/01/Q2
(a)Describe what the following Surahas tell Muslims about the circumstances in which they were revealed:112
(Surah Ikhlas) and 108 (Surah Kauser). [10]
(b)To what extent is the Quran the basis of legal thinking in Islam? [4]

J2013/P1/2 (Re-sit)
(a)Write about the relationship between God and two of the Prophets You have studied in the Quran (not
including the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.W). [10]
(b)Why do Prophets go through difficulties in their lives? [4]

N2012/P1 /12/Q2
(a)Write about the way in which the two primary Sources of Islamic legal thinking are used. [10]
(b)How is the use of Ijma (Consensus) important to Muslims Today? [4]

N/2012/ p1/11 Q2
(a)Write about the Prophet’s different experiences of revelation,after the first revelation.
(b)Ex plain the significance of the Quran being revealed over a period of time.

J2012/P1/12/Q2
(a)From passages you have studied from the Quran, write about God’s relationship with mankind.[10]
(b)Explain the significance of the Quran being revealed to humankind. [4]

N2011/P1/2
(a) Give an account of how the Qur’an developed into book form. [10]
(b) What is the significance to Muslims today of having the Qur’an in the form of a book?[4]

J2011/P1/2
(a) From the Qur’anic passages you have studied, outline the relationship between God and
two of His messengers who were sent before the Prophet Muhammad. [10]
(b) Explain why God sends his revelations through messengers. [4]

N2010/P1/2
(a) Describe how the two main sources of Islamic legal thinking are related. [10]
(b) Give an example to show how the Qur’an could be used in the exercise of qiyas (analogy).[4]

J2010/P1/2
(a) Give an account of how the Qur’an was compiled in the years following the Prophet’s death. [10]
(b) Explain why the first community of Muslims thought it was necessary to compile the Qur’an.[4]

N2009/P1/2
(a) Write an account of the ways in which the Qur’an was revealed to the Prophet between the
years 610 and 632. [10]
(b) What does the Prophet’s first experience of revelation tell us about the nature of prophethood
in Islam? [4]

J2009/P1/2
(a) How are the Qur’an and Hadiths used together in Islamic legal thinking? [10]
(b) Why do some legal scholars reject the use of analogy (qiyas)? [4]

Specimen 2009/P1/2
(a) Trace the main stages in the compilation of the Qur’an in the time of the caliphs Abu Bakr
and ‘Uthman. [10]
(b) Discuss the most important features of the teachings in the Qur’an about the Messengers
of God. [4]
 The Life and Importance of the Prophet Muhammad
June/2024/P1/11/Q4
(a) Give an account of the Prophet’s night journey and ascension (al-Israʾ wal-Miʿraj). [10]
(b) How does the Prophet’s night journey and ascension help connect Muslims with God? [4]

June/2024/P1/11/Q3
(a) Outline the growth of Islam in Makka from the first revelation until the migration to Madina. [10]
(b) Early Muslims faced difficulties in establishing their faith. How can their actions guide Muslims today in practising
their own
faith? [4]

June/2024/P1/12/Q4
(a) Give an account of the Battle of the Trench (Khandaq). [10]
(b) What good leadership skills can Muslims adopt from the Prophet’s example in the Battle of the Trench? [4]

June/2024/P1/12/Q3
(a) Give an account of the main events of the Pledges of Aqaba and the details of the pledges made. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what is the best way for Muslims to welcome those who move into their communities? Give reasons
for your answer. [4]

Nov/2023/P1/11/Q3
(a) The Prophet (pbuh) stopped at Hudaybiyya on his way to Makka. Give an account of the events that took place here.
[10]
(b) In your opinion, what is the most important lesson that Muslims might learn from the events at Hudaybiyya? Give
reasons to support your answer. [4]

Nov/2023/P1/11/Q4
(a) Some of the early Muslims migrated to Abyssinia. Give an account of the events of this migration. [10]
(b) To what extent can this migration be considered similar to Muslim migrations today? Give reasons for your answer.
[4]

Nov/2023/P1/12/Q3
(a) Describe the events relating to the Prophet’s efforts to spread Islam in Ta’if. [10]
(b) What is the most important lesson Muslims might learn from the Prophet’s example at Ta’if? Give reasons to support
your answer. [4]

Nov/2023/P1/12/Q4
(a) Give an account of the persecution faced by the early followers of Islam. [10]
(b) What might the early followers’ response to persecution teach Muslims about facing difficulties? Give examples to
support your answer. [4]

June/2023/P1/11/Q4
(a) Write an account of the Battle of Uhud. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what is the most important lesson that Muslims might learn from this battle? Give reasons to support
your answer. [4]

June/2023/P1/12/Q3
(a) Write about when the Prophet (pbuh) showed patience and self-restraint while living in Makka. [10]
(b) How can Muslims demonstrate patience and self-restraint in their own lives? [4]

June/2023/P1/12/Q4
(a) Write an account of the Prophet’s conquest of Makka in 630. [10]
(b) What was the significance of the conquest of Makka for the development of Islam? [4]
Nov/2022/P1/11/Q3
(a) Write about the persecution faced by the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬after he started preaching Islam openly. [10]
(b) Choose one example of the Prophet’s conduct when persecuted and explain how it can be followed by Muslims today.
[4]

Nov/2022/P1/11/Q4
(a) Write an account of the first actions taken by the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬to establish a Muslim community in Madina. [10]
(b) How might Muslims today follow the example of the community in Madina to make their own communities stronger?
[4]

Nov/2022/P1/12/Q3
(a) Describe the ways in which the clans in Makka treated the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬before and after he received revelation. [10]
(b) Why was it significant that the Quraysh continued to trust the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬with their belongings, after revelation? [4]

June/2022/P1/11/Q3
(a) Write an account of the Prophet Muhammad’s life from the his birth until he received revelation. [10]
(b) The Prophet (pbuh) was an orphan and raised by many people. How did this prepare him for
prophethood? [4]

June/2022/P1/11/Q4
(a) Describe the Prophet’s pilgrimage in the final year of his life and His Farewell sermon. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what was the most important teaching from the Farewell Sermon? Give reasons to
support your answer. [4]

June/2022/P1/12/Q3
(a) Give an account of the tribes living in Marina and the details of the Constitution of Madina that brought
them all together. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what important lesson(s) can be learned from the Constitution of Madina by Muslims
today? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

June/2022/P1/12/Q4
(a) Describe the main events of the Battle of Khaybar and The Battle of Tabuk. [10]
(b) Despite their difficulties in the Battle of Khaybar the Muslims never gave up. What might Muslims learn
from this in their everyday lives? [4]

Nov/2021/P1/11/Q3
(a) Describe the main events of the Pledges of Aqaba and the details in the Pledges. [10]
(b) What might Muslims do to set an example and welcome others who move to their areas? [4]

Nov/2021/P1/11/Q4
(a) Write about the main events of the Battle of Badr. [10]
(b) What can the events of the Battle of Badr teach Muslims? [4]

Nov/2021/P1/12/Q4
(a) Write about the events of the migration to Abyssinia by some of the early Muslims. [10]
(b) What might be learned from the way the Muslims were treated in Abyssinia? [4]

Nov/2021/P1/12/Q3
(a) Outline the main events from the Prophet’s night journey and ascension (al-Isra Wal-mi’raj). [10]
(b) In what way did this event give hope to the Prophet (pbuh)? [4]
June/2021/P1/12/Q3
(a) Write about the events of the Battle of Uhud fought in 625. [10]
(b) What lessons might be learned from the outcome of the Battle of Uhud? [4]

June/2021/P1/11/Q3
(a) Describe the main events of the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬migration (Hijra) from Makkah to his welcome in Madina.
[10]
(b) The Companions showed friendship and support for the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬. How can Muslims show friendship
and support for each other. [4]

June/2021/P1/11/Q4
(a) Write about the events of the Battle of Khyabr and Battle of Hunain. [10]
(b) In your opinion, which of these two battles was the most significant for Muslims. [4]

Nov/2020/P1/12/Q3
(a) The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was mistreated by the Makkans after preaching the message of Islam. Write an account
of the difficulties he faced. [10]
(b) How can the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬response to the opposition help Muslims when they are mistreated? [4]

Nov/2020/P1/12/Q4
(a) Describe the events the migration (hijra) from the Makkah to Madinah. [10]
(b) In what way is this journey significant for the Muslim community now? [4]

Nov/2020/P1/11/Q3
(a) The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬conquered Makkah in 630. Write an account of the main events of the Conquest. [10]
(b) Why was it important for the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬to offer refuge to the Makkans? [4]

Nov/2020/P1/11/Q5
(a) Describe the main difficulties faced by the early followers of Islam. [10]
(b) How can these events give hope to Muslims today? [4]

June/2020/P1/11/Q3
(a) The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬went to spread Islam in Tai'f. Write about the background and details of this event. [10]
(b) Giving examples, show how Muslims can practise forgiveness in their lives. [4]

June/2020/P1/11/Q4
(a) The Battle of the Trench (Khandaq) was fought in 627. Give account of the main events that took place.
[10]
(b) What can Muslims learn from this event about taking advice from others? [4]

June/2020/P1/12/Q3
(a) Give an account of the main events of the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬preaching up until the public declaration on
Mount Safa. [10]
(b) What do the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬struggles in these early years teach Muslims about dealing with their own
difficulties? [4].

June/2020/P1/12/Q4
(a) Describe the main events of the Battle of Mu’tah and The Battle of Hunain. [10]
(b) From these battles, what can be learnt about good leadership skills? [4]

Nov/2019/P1/12/Q3
(a) Write about the events related to the signing of the Treaty of Hudaibiyah and the main terms in it. [10]
 (b) What In your opinion were the benefits, if any, for the Muslims signing of Treaty of Hudaibiyah? [4]

Nov/2019/P1/12/Q4
(a) Describe the events of the First Battle in Islam, the Battle of Badr. [10]
(b) How important was the outcome of this Battle for the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and his followers? Give reasons for
your answer. [4]

N/2019/P1/11/Q4
(a) By referring to the treaty of Madina, describe the relationship between the Muslims and the Non-
muslims when the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬first arrived. [10]
(b) How can Muslims apply the Prophet Muhammad’s ‫ ﷺ‬example of campassion when building
community relations? [4]

Nov/2019/P1/11/Q5
(a) Some Muslims travelled to Abyssinia. Describe what happened to the groups that migrated. [10]
(b) In your opinion, was this migration similar to Muslim migrations today? Give reasons for your answer.
[4]

J/2019/P1/12/Q3
(a) Give an account of the Prophet’s migration (hijra) from Makka to Madina.
(b) Why was it significant that one of the Prophet’s first task was to
construct mosques at Quba and Madina?

J/2019/P1/12/Q4
(a) Write about the events of the final year of the Prophet’s life.
(b) Which of the Prophet’s teachings from his final sermon do you think is
the most important for Muslims today? Give reasons for your answer.

J/2019/P1/11/Q3
(a) Describe the events of the Prophet’s night journey and ascension
(al-isra wal miraj).
(b) Why do you think it was important for God to take the Prophet
(pbuh) on this journey?

J/2019/P1/11/Q4
(a) Describe the main events in the life of the Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh) from his childhood until he received revelation.
(b) The Prophet (pbuh) faced challenges in his early years but
maintained his good character. How can Muslims learn from this
today?

N/2018/P1/12/Q4

(a) The Prophet Muhammad migrated to Madina from Makka. Write about the Ansar and the Muhajirun and
the way they helped each other.
(b) Using this example, what can Muslims do for those people who have left their homes and come to live
amongst them in their communities?

N/2018/P1/11/Q4
(a) The Prophet Muhammad brought the message of Islam to Makka. Describe the ways the main clans treated
him after hearing his message.
(b) Why did the Quraysh fear the Prophet and his message even though he was not violent or aggressive
towards them?

N/2018/P1/11/Q3
(a) The Prophet had difference experiences in the Caves of Hira and Thawr. Give an account of his experiences
in both caves.
(b) How did the events in the cave of Thawr help strengthen the Prophet’s relationship with God?

j/2018/P1/11/Q3

(a):How did Islam grow in the years between the Prophet’s first revelation
and his first public preaching in Makka?

(b): How can the behaviour of the first converts to Islam provide an
example for Muslims today?

j/2018/P1/12/Q3

(a):Write about the main events of the battles of Khaybar and Tabuk.

(b): The Battle of Tabuk became a mission of peace instead of war. What
can Muslims learn from this?

j/2018/P1/11/Q4
(a): The Prophet’s relationship with the Quraysh changed after he began to
receive revelations. Describe the differences in the way the Quraysh
treated him after this event.

(b): The Prophet did not change his character despite the way the Quraysh
changed towards him. What can Muslims learn from this?

j/2017/P1/11/Q3

(a):The Battle of Uhud was fought in the year 625. Describe the main events of this battle.

(b):Why is it important for Muslims to show obedience to God in difficult situations?

j/2017/P1/12/Q3
(a): The Pledges of Aqaba were made in the Prophet’s last years in Makka. Outline the reasons for these pledges
and write about the details in them.

(b): In your view, why should Muslims provide a safe haven for others? Give reasons for your answer.

j/2017/P1/12/Q4

(a): The Muslims in Makka faced a lot of hostility after the Prophet began preaching openly. Describe the
persecutions against the followers of the Prophet at this time.
(b): In today’s world how practical are the reactions of the Prophet’s followers to these persecutions?

N/2017/P1/11/Q3

(a): The Prophet exercised a lot of self-restraint and patience when preaching Islam in Makka. Write about at
least three events from this period of time that show these virtues..

(b): Giving examples, say how in your opinion Muslims can show self-restraint and patience in their everyday lives.

N/2017/P1/11/Q4

(a): Give a detailed account of the Prophet’s journey from Makka to Madina in 622.

(b): How is the migration of the Prophet like the migration of some Muslims now? Give reasons for your answer.

N/2017/P1/12/Q3
(a): The Prophet went to Ta’if to teach the people there about one God. Write about his experience of this event.
(b): The Prophet showed great forgiveness despite the cruelty of the people of Ta’if. Do you think Muslims now
can follow this example?

N/2017/P1/12/Q4
(a):Write about the battle of the Trench (Khandaq) fought in 627.
(b):What can Muslims learn from the Prophet’s involvement in the digging of the trench?

N/2016/P1/11/Q3
(a) Write about the way in which the Prophet interacted with non-Muslims after his move
to Madina.
(b) How can Muslims now apply the lessons learnt from the Prophet’s interaction with
non-Muslims?

N/2016/P1/11/Q4

(a) The Battle of Badr took place in the second year after the hijra. Describe the main
events of this battle.
(b) Can those involved in present day conflicts learn any lessons from the way the
Prophet treated prisoners after battles.

N/2016/P1/11/Q5
(a) Give an account of the difficulties experienced by the early Muslim community in
Makka.
(b) Drawing from this account, what advice could be given to Muslims now living in fear
of persecution?
N/2016/P1/12/Q4

(a) With reference to the conduct of the Muslims, describe the events of the Conquest of Makka.

(b) Can Muslims today learn from the Prophet’s treatment of his former enemies? Give reasons for your answer.

N2016/P1/12/ Q3

(a) The Prophet Muhammad was taken on a night journey and ascent to the heavens (al-‘israwa-l-mi’raj). Write
an account of this journey. [10]

(b)What was the significance of this journey to the Prophet? [4]

J2016/P1/ 11/Q3
(a) The Prophet died in 632. Write about the events of the final year of his life. [10]

(b) The Farewell Sermon given by the Prophet contains teachings for Muslims of all times.
Explain how two of these teachings can be applied today.

J2016/P1/ 11/Q5
(a) The Prophet allowed some of the early Muslims to move to Abyssinia. Write about the
events of this migration.

(b) Can this migration be compared to the migration of some Muslims today? Give
reasons for your answer.

J2016/P1/ 12/Q3
(a) Describe the main events in the Prophet’s life before he was granted prophethood. [10]
(b) “The Prophet’s family was important in preparing him for prophethood. ‘Agree or disagree, giving reasons
for your answer. [4]

J/2016/P1/12/Q4
(a) Write about the events surrounding the Treaty of Hudaybiyya and the main terms in it. [10]
(b)From this event, what can Muslims learn about the important of keeping their words? [4]

N/2015/P1/11/Q3
(a) Describe the events of the Battle of Uhud.

(b) ‘Success for Muslims depends on their obedience to the Prophet.’ Discuss this
statement in relation to Muslims today.

N/2015/P1/11/Q4

(a) The Prophet entered Makka and took control of it in 8AH. Describe the main details of
this event. [10]
(b) The Prophet’s characteristic of mercy was clearly demonstrated in this event. Is it
realistic to expect Muslims today to follow his example? [4]
N2015/P1/12/Q3

(a) The Quran says the Prophet is of ‘Great Moral character’ (68.4). Identify events from his life that show a
range of his moral characteristics. [10]
(b) Which of the Prophet’s characteristics you’ve written about it in part (a) is the most important in your
opinion and why? [4]

N2015/P2/12/Q4
(a)Outline the difficulties the Prophet faced between receiving his first revelation and the boycott of Banu
Hashim. [10]
(b)Why did some people fear the message that the Prophet had brought? [4]

J2015/P2/11/Q3

(a) Write about the changes in the relationship between the Prophet and the Quraysh in
the years between his marriage to Khadija and the death of Abu Talib. [10]

(b) Why is it significant that the Quraysh were still willing to keep their belongings with
the Prophet after he started to preach Islam?

J2015/P2/11/Q4

a) The Prophet paired Muslims from Makka and from Madina after the migration
(hijra). Give examples to show the character of the relationship between various
Emigrants and Helpers. [10]

(b) Today Muslims often seek refuge in neighbouring countries. Show how the example of
the Emigrants and Helpers can still provide a model today.

J2015/P1/12 /Q3
(a)Give an account of the way in which the Prophet started to preach Islam in the first few years after he visited
received the revelation. [10]
(b)Was it was significant that the Prophet began preaching the message in secret? [4]

J2015/P1/12/Q4
(a)Write about the main events of 2 of the following battles: [10]
Khyber, Mutta, Hunain, Tabauk

(B):Choose one of the 4 battles mentioned and explained what Muslims leaders now can learn from it?
J2015/P1/
(a)The Prophet paired Muslims from Makkah and from Madina after the migration. Give examples to show the
character of the relationship between emigrants and helpers. [10]
(b)How the examples of the emigrant and helpers still provide a model today? [4]

J2014/P1/12/Q3
(a) Give an account of the hijra of the Prophet from Makkah to Madina. [10]
(b) What is the significance of the Prophet establishing mosque as a first task after the hijra? [4]

J2014/P1 /12/Q4
(a)Write about the main events of the battles of Khyber and Muta. [10]
(b)Choose one of these battles and explain why it was important for the Muslims of Madina to fight in it. [4]
N2014/P1/11/Q3
(a) Describe the events of the Prophet’s visit to Ta’if. [10]
(b)
(b) How can Muslims apply in practice the lessons learnt from the Prophet’s behaviour in
this situation?

N2014/P1/11/Q4

(a) Give an account of the Prophet’s life up to the time the revelations began. [10]

(b) Despite living through the days of ignorance, the Prophet remained true to his
mission. What lessons can Muslims learn from this today?

N2014/P1/12/Q3
(a)Write about the Prophet’s activities in spreading Islam outside Makkah before migration to Madina.
[10]
(b)Choose one quality shown by the Prophet in these activities and explain how Muslims today can learn from
it. [4]

N2014/P1/12/Q4
(a)Outline the Prophet’s experiences in the cave of Hira and Thawr. [10]
(b)In what aspect the cave of Thawr important for his Prophethood? [4]

J2013/P1/12/Q3
(a)Write about the events of the first year following the Prophet’s arrival in Madina. [10]
(b)What lesson Muslims can learn from the brotherhood that was created in Madina? [4]

J2013/P1/12/Q4
(a)Describe the events of the Conquest of Makkah. [10]
(b)Why are the actions of the Prophet after the conquest important for the Muslims to learn from? [4]

J2013/P1/3 (Re-sit)
(a)Abu Talib died in 619. Describe the event led to the Prophet’s migration to Madina [10]
(b)Why was the migration important for the Muslims community? [4]

J2013/P1/4 (Re-sit)
(a) Write about the Prophet Muhammad’s interaction with non-Muslims in Madina. [10]
(b) What can Muslims learn from this interaction? [4]

J2013/P1/5 (Re-sit)
(a) Give an account of the persecutions faced by the early converts to Islam in Makka. [10]
(b) How are these accounts relevant to Muslims now? [4]

N2013/P1/11/Q3

(a) Write about the Prophet’s night journey and ascension [al-‘isra wa-mi’raj]. [10]
 (c) How did this journey help the Prophet in his mission?

N2013/P1/11/Q4

(a) Give an account of the migration of the early Muslims to Abyssinia.

(b) What was the significance of this migration for the early Muslim community?

N2013/P1/12/Q3
(a)Write an account of the battle of Badr. [10]
(b)Can the Prophet’s conduct during this battle contain lesson for military leaders today? Give reasons. [4]

N2013/P1/12/Q4
(a)Describe the events of the final year of the Prophet’s life. [10]
(b)Explain how any two teaching given in the Prophet’s Farewell sermon can help Muslim communities today.
[4]

N/2012/P1/11/Q2
(a) Describe three qualities of the prophet Muhammad that make him a model for main kind.
(b) How can Muslims put one of these qualities into practice?

N2012/P1/12/Q3
(a)Give an account of the events surrounding the pledges of Aqaba and the main details in them. [10]
(b)How were these Pledges important for the future community of Muslims? [4]

J2012/P1/12/Q3
(a)Give an account of the battle of Khandak and Khyber. [10]
(b)What lesson Muslims can learn from ethics of these battles? [4]

J2012/P1/12/Q4
(a)Describe the main events relating to the first migration of Muslims to Abyssinia. [10]
(b)What was the importance of making this migration at that time? [4]

N2011/P1/Q3
(a) Write about the Prophet Muhammad’s interaction with the Quraysh while he lived in Makka,
Before and after revelation. [10]
(b) Why did the Quraysh feel they needed to reject the Prophet’s message? [4]

N2011/P1/4
(a) Describe the Prophet’s conduct as leader in two of the battles he fought in. [10]
(b) What can Muslim leaders today learn from the Prophet’s conduct in their relations with other
states? [4]

J2011/P1/3
(a) Give an account of the events of the Prophet’s night journey and ascension [‘Isra wa-mi’raj].[10]
(b) Explain the importance of this event to the Prophet himself. [4]

J2011/P1/5
(a) Describe the difficulties faced by the followers of the Prophet in Makkah. [10]
(b) What can these stories teach Muslims in their everyday lives today? [4]

N2010/P1/3
(a) Describe the main difficulties encountered by the Prophet himself during his time in Makka
after his call to prophethood. [10]
(b) How does his conduct in one of these difficulties provide an example for Muslims today?[4]

N2010/P1/5
(a) Outline the main events of the Prophet’s journey from Makka to Madina. [10]
(b) What was the significance of this journey for the Muslims? [4]

J2010/P1/3
(a) Write about the life of the Prophet up until the first revelation. [10]
(b) Why was his relationship with his wife Khadija important for him? [4]

J2010/P1/4
(a) Describe the events relating to the Prophet’s experiences in caves. [10]
(b) Explain the significance of one of these experiences for the development of Islam. [4]

N2009/P1/3
(a) Describe two events from the life of the Prophet that illustrate the way he treated non-
Muslims. [10]
(b) How can these examples help Muslims today in their relationships with non-Muslims?[4]

N2009/P1/5
(a) Trace the events that led up to the Prophet’s migration (hijra). [10]
(b) Explain the importance of the Pledges of ‘Aqaba to the Prophet in the period leading up to
the migration. [4]

J2009/P1/3
(a) Describe the events of two of the battles fought by the Prophet while he was leader of the
community at Madina. [10]
(b) How does his conduct in one of these battles provide a model for Muslims today when they
face difficulties? [4]

J2009/P1/4
(a) Write an account of the first migration (hijra) of the Muslims to Abyssinia. [10]
(b) Why did the people of Makka pursue these Muslims? [4]

Specimen 2009/P1/3
(a) Give an account of the Prophet’s first experience of receiving revelation. [10]
(b) Explain the meaning of the title ‘Seal of the Prophets’. [4]

Specimen 2009/P1/4
(a) Give examples from what the Prophet did and said that show his attitude towards two of
the following: partners in marriage, friends, and enemies. [10]
(b) From one of your choices, explain how Muslims today can follow the Prophet’s example.[4]
Specimen 2009/P1/5
(a) Describe the main events that involved the Prophet with Abu Talib and Abu Sufyan. [10]
(b) Explain why the death of Abu Talib threatened the Prophet’s security in Makka. [4]

The First Islamic Community

June/2024/P1/11/Q5
(a) Describe the conversion to Islam of Abu Bakr, ͑ Umar, ͑ Uthman and ͑Ali. [10]
(b) What do the conversions of the Companions tell Muslims about the challenges faced by converts to Islam?
[4]

June/2024/P1/12/Q5
(a) Give an account of the lives of three of the following Blessed Companions during the lifetime of the
Prophet (pbuh):
• ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab
• Talhah ibn ʿUbaydullah
• Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwam
• ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn ʿAwf
• Saʿd ibn Abi Waqqas.
[10]
(b) Many new converts were persecuted for their beliefs. To what extent can their responses help Muslims in
their daily lives now? [4]

Nov/2023/P1/11/Q5
(a) Write about the lives of the Companions Khalid ibn Walid and Zayd ibn Haritha during the lifetime of the
Prophet (pbuh). [10]
(b) What lessons might Muslims learn about family relationships from Zayd ibn Haritha’s life with the Prophet
(pbuh)? [4]

Nov/2023/P1/12/Q5
(a) Give an account of the life of ʿAli ibn Abi Talib during the life of the Prophet (pbuh). [10]
(b) How might ʿAli ibn Abi Talib’s life with the Prophet (pbuh) inspire young people in their lives today? [4]

June/2023/P1/11/Q5
(a) Write an account of the life of Fatima and the life of any one other of the Prophet’s daughters. [10]
(b) What lessons might Muslims learn from the relationship between the Prophet (pbuh) and his daughters?
Give examples to support your answer. [4]

June/2023/P1/11/Q3
(a)Using examples from the Prophet’s life show how he demonstrated the two qualities of:
• trustworthiness
• forgiveness.
[10]
 (b) In what ways can people show their trustworthiness to each other? Give specific examples from
everyday life. [4]

June/2023/P1/12/Q5
(a) Write an account of the lives of Amina bint Wahb and Halima Sa’adia during their time with the Prophet
(pbuh). [10]
(b) The Prophet (pbuh) was an orphan and raised by various people. How might this be an example for
Muslims today? [4]

Nov/2022/P1/11/Q5
(a) Write about the lives of the Prophet’s uncles: Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Abu Talib. [10]
(b) What can be learned from Abu Talib’s example of support for the Prophet ]4[ ?‫ﷺ‬

Nov/2022/P1/12/Q5
(a) Write about the lives of two of the following wives of the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬:
• Sawda bint Zama’a
• Aisha bint Abu Bakr
• Hafsa bint ͑Umar
• Umm Salama. [10]
(b) Choose from one of the wives named in part (a) and write about what her life might teach Muslims about
the role of
women in society. [4]

Nov/2022/P1/12/Q4
(a) Write about the lives of the Prophet’s grandsons: Hassan ibn ‘Ali and Hussain ibn ‘Ali. [10]
(b) Hussain defended what he believed was right for the future of Islam. What lessons might Muslims learn
from this? [4]

June/2022/P1/11/Q5
(a) Write about the various tasks performed by some of the Prophet’s Companions as
his Scribes. [10]
(b)What are the benefits of the Qur’an being available to everyone on the internet? [4]

June/2022/P1/12/Q5
(a) Write about the lives of the Companions Bilal ibn Rabah and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb.
[10]
(b)What lessons can be learned about equality from either Bilal’s or Abu Sufyan’s
conversion to Islam? [4]

Nov/2021/P1/11/Q5
(a) Write about the lives of two of the following Companions: Salman al-Farsi , Ja’far ibn
Abi Talib, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf. [10]
(b)Even when they wealth, some Companions lived simple lives. How can Muslims show
simplicity in their everyday lives? [4]

Nov/2021/P1/12/Q5
(a) Write about the lives of Umar and Uthman during the lifetime of the Prophet (pbuh).
[10]
(b)What lessons can be learned from the Uthman’s life before he became Caliph? [4]
June/2021/P1/12/Q4
(a) Giving examples from the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬life, write about he showed both the
qualities of the qualities of the patience and forgiveness. [10]
(b)Why should Muslims show patience in their everyday lives? [4]

June/2021/P1/12/Q5
(a) Write about the life of the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬daughter, Fatima. [10]
(b)What can be learned from her life about the relationship between parents and
children? [4]

June/2021/P1/11/Q5
(a) The first wife of the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was Khadijah. Write about the main events of her
life. [10]
(b)What does Khadijah’s marriage to the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬teach Muslims about family
relationship? [4]

Nov/2020/P1/12/Q5
(a) Write about the Brotherhood in Madina that developed between the Helpers
(Ansar) and the Emigrants (Muhajireen). [10]
(b)How can Muslims today show their Brotherhood and sisterhood towards each
other? [4]

Nov/2020/P1/11/Q4
(a) Choose three events from the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬life that demonstrate his moral
character, and write in detail about them. [10]
(b)Which of these events do you think is the most relevant as a lesson for Muslims
today? [4]

June/2020/P1/12/Q5
(a) Give an account of the life of the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬wife Aisha during the lifetime of the
Prophet ]10[ .‫ﷺ‬
(b)From the example of Aisha, what lessons can be learnt about the education in
Islam? [4]

June/2020/P1/11/Q5
(a) Write an account of the life of the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬Campanion Abu Bakr, during the
Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬lifetime. [10]
(b)Abu bakr used his wealth to help others. How can Muslims follow his example
today? [4]

Nov/2019/P1/11/Q3
(a) The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬was generous and forgiving. Write about the events from his life
that demonstrate these qualities in action. [10]
(b)How easy is it for Muslims in the present day to follow the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬generosity?
Give reasons for your answer. [4]
Nov/2019/P1/12/Q5
(a) Write about the lives of Usman and Ali during the lifetime of Prophet ]10[ .‫ﷺ‬
(b)From Ali's early life, what lessons can young people learn about their role in the
community? [4]

J/2019/P1/12//Q5
(a) Write a detailed account of the lives of Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib and
Khalid ibn Walid during the lifetime of the Prophet.
(b) Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib showed loyalty to the Prophet. How can
Muslims show loyalty in their everyday lives?
J/2019/P1/11//Q4

(a) Describe the main events in the life of the Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh) from his childhood until he received revelation.
(b) The Prophet (pbuh) faced challenges in his early years but
maintained his good character. How can Muslims learn from this
today?

J/2019/P1/11//Q5
(a) In Madina, the Helpers (Ansar) and Emigrants (Muhajirun) were
made brothers. Give an account of the main developments of this relationship.
(b) How can Muslims apply this model of brotherhood to help their
communities?

N/2018/P1/12//Q5

(a) Write a detailed account of the lives of the Prophet’s daughters, Zaynab and Fatima.

(b) What can Muslims learn from the Prophet about the relationship between fathers and
daughters?

N/2018/P1/11//Q5

(a) Two of the Prophet’s wives were Aisha and Hafsa. Write an account of their lives
during the lifetime of the Prophet.
(b) Both wives were narrators of Hadith. What can Muslims learn from this about women
and education?

j/2018/P1/11//Q4

(a) Write an account of the main events in the life of Abu Bakr during the
life of the Prophet.
(b) How can Muslims use the example of Abu Bakr in showing loyalty to
their friends and colleagues?
j/2018/P1/11//Q5

(a) Describe in detail the roles of Halima and Abu Talib in the early years
of the Prophet’s life.

(b) From these relationships, what can be learnt about keeping family
ties?

N/2017/P1/11//Q5
5(a) Write about lives of the Companions Bilal ibn Rabah, Ja’far ibn Abi Talib and Salman
al-Farsi.
(b) In your opinion, what is the significance of the Prophet encouraging the liberation of
Bilal and Salman from slavery?
N/2017/P1/12//Q5

5(a) Khadija bint Khuwaylid was the Prophet’s first wife. Write an account of her life in
the period she knew the Prophet.

(b) The Prophet’s employer was a woman who was successful in business. What lessons
can be derived from this for
Muslims now?

J/2017/P1/11//Q4

(a) Write about events from the Prophet’s (pbuh) life that show his qualities of
generosity, honesty and simplicity in action.

(b) Can Muslims adopt a life of simplicity like the Prophet (pbuh) in current times? Give
reasons for your answer.

J/2017/P1/11//Q5

5(a) Write about the lives of Fatima and any one other of the Prophet’s (pbuh)
daughters.
(b) Explain the importance of the statement, ‘Daughters are a mercy (rahma)’.

j/2017/P1/12/Q5

(a) Outline the tasks performed by the Prophet’s scribes during his lifetime.
(b) The scribes had the Prophet as a source of information. How useful is the internet
as a source of information about Islam?
N/2016/P1 /12/Q5
(a) Give an account of the lives of ‘Uthman and ‘Ali during the lifetime of the Prophet. [10]
(b) ‘Uthman was known to be generous with his wealth. How can Muslims now apply the trait of generosity?

J/2016/P1 /11/Q3

3 (a) The Prophet was described as humble and just. Giving examples from his
life, write
about events that describe these qualities. [10]

(b) How can Muslims today apply the Prophet’s example of humility when
dealing with
either friends or strangers? [4]

J2016/P1/12/Q5
(a) Write about the lives of Prophet’s uncles, Hamza and Abu Sufyan.
(b) Many of the people who had been enemies of the Prophet accepted Islam. What lesson Muslims learn from
this?

N/2015/P1/11/Q5

(a) Give an account of the lives of ‘Ali ibn Talib and Zayd bin Harith, during the life of the
Prophet. [10]

(b) To what extent do ‘Ali and Zayd’s relationships with the Prophet provide models for
family relations today? [4]

N2015/P1/12/Q5
(a) Write about the lives of 2 of the Prophet’s wives whom he married after the death of Khadija? [10]
(b) “The best of you is the one best to his wife.” Explain what the Prophet meant by this statement? And how it
is relevant to Muslims now? [4]

J/2015/P1/11/Q4
(a) The Prophet paired Muslims from Makka and from Madina after the migration
(hijra). Give examples to show the character of the relationship between various
Emigrants and Helpers. [10]

(b) Today Muslims often seek refuge in neighbouring countries. Show how the example of
the Emigrants and Helpers can still provide a model today. [4]

J2015/P1/12/Q5
(a)Write about the Prophet’s wife Ayesha during the lifetime of Prophet. [10]
(b)‘Ayesha is a role model for Muslim women around the world. ‘Say whether you agree or disagree with this
statement, giving reasons for your answer. [4]
J2014/P1/12/Q5
(a)Write about the life of the Muhammad first wife Khadija. [10]
(b)Taking two aspects of their relationship, explain how the marriage of the Prophet and Khadija set a good
example for Muslim marriages today? [4]

N/2014/P1/11/Q5

5 (a) Write about the role played by Abu Bakr during the period between the first revelation
and the death of the Prophet. [10]

(b) What lessons can Muslims learn from Abu Bakr’s conduct in this period, and how are
these lessons relevant now? [4]

N2014/P1/12/Q5
(a)Give an account of the lives of Abu Sufyan & Khalid Bin Waleed during the time of
the Prophet. [10]
(b)In your opinion, can Muslims today learn anything from Abu Sufyan’s involvement with the Prophet?
[4]

J2013/P1/12/Q5
(a)Write about the lives of Umar and Uthman during the lifetime of the Prophet. [10]
(b)Why was Umar’s conversion important for the early Muslims? [4]

[4]

N2013/P1/12/Q5
(a)Give an account of the lives of the Prophet’s four daughters? [10]
(b)Can Muslims learn from the Prophet’s bound with Fatima? Give reasons for your answer? [4]

N/2012/P1/11/Q4
(a) Write about the Prophet’s relationship with the folloeing figures Amina,Halima Sadia and Abu talib.
(b) What can these relationship teach Muslims today about family ties?

N/2012/P1/11/Q4
(a)Write about the main points in the lives of Bilal and Abu sufyan.
(b) What can be learnt from Bilal ‘s role in the Islamic community?

N2012/P1/4
(a)Write about the lives of any two of the following wives of the Prophet: [10]
i) Sawda Bint Zamaa ii) Aisha Bint Abu Bakar
iii) Hafsa Bint Umar iv) Umm Salama
(b)What can the life of anyone of these wives teach Muslims about marriage? [4]

N2012/P1/5
(a)Describe the Persecution faced by the Muslims in Makka? [10]
(b)What can Muslims in modern times learn from these stories? [4]

J2012/P1/5
(a)Outline the main events in the lives of the Prophet’s grandsons Hasan & Husayn. [10}
(b)Explain how Husayn’s death remains important to Muslims today. [4]

N2011/P1/5
(a) Write about the life of Aisha during the Prophet’s lifetime. [10]
(b) How can she be seen as a role model for Muslims now? [4]

J2011/P1/4
(a) Write an account of the following figures during the lifetime of the Prophet: Hamza, ‘Abu
Bakr and ‘Ali. [10]
(b) Explain why one of these figures was important in the development of the Islamic community.[4]

J2011/P1/5
(a) Describe the difficulties faced by the followers of the Prophet in Makka. [10]
(b) What can these stories teach Muslims in their everyday lives today? [4]

N2010/P1/4
(a) Write about the major contributions made to Islam by Abu Bakr during the Prophet’s lifetime. [10]
(b) Why was Abu Bakr given the title ‘Saviour of Islam’? [4]

J2010/P1/5
(a) Describe the teachings of Islam about the position of women as wives, mothers and daughters.[10]
(b) What do these teachings tell us about the relationship between men and women? [4]

N2009/P1/4
(a) Write briefly about the conversion to Islam of Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman and ‘Ali. [10]
(b) In what ways did the conversion of ‘Umar help the young Muslim community? [4]

J2009/P1/5
(a) Write accounts of the lives of the Prophet’s two grandsons al-Hasan and al-Husayn. [10]
(b) Explain why they each died in the way they did. [4]

Topics in Paper 2
.
The History and Importance of the Hadiths
June/2024/P2/21/Q2
(a) Give an account of the two components of Hadiths (isnad and matn) and the checks made on them to
confirm their
reliability. [10]
(b) Explain the reasons why the compilation of Hadiths became necessary. [4]

June/2024/P2/22/Q2
(a) Describe analogy (qiyas) and how it is used in the making of Islamic Law. Give one example to support
your answer. [10]
 (b) Give reasons why some Muslims might be less likely to use analogy (qiyas) to solve present-day issues.
[4]

Nov/2023/P2/21/Q2
(a) From the teachings given in the set Hadiths, write an account of the guidance given to Muslims in their
everyday life. [10]
(b) In your opinion, how easy are the Hadiths to act upon? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

Nov/2023/P2/22/Q2
(a) Give an account of the compilation of Hadiths during the period of the Successors of the Successors,
referred to as the golden age of Hadith compilation. [10]
(b) How did the preservation of the Hadiths help Islam develop? [4]

June/2023/P2/22/Q2
(a)Write about the following terms and the relationship between them:
• isnad
• matn
• musnad
• musannaf. [10]
(b) How do compilations of genuine Hadiths benefit Muslims today? [4]

June/2023/P2/21/Q2
(a) From the teachings given in the set Hadiths, write an account of how they help establish brotherhood in the
community. [10]
(b) In your opinion, why is brotherhood given so much importance in Islam? Give reasons to support your
answer. [4]

Nov/2022/P2/22/Q2
(a) Using four of the set Hadiths, outline the Prophet’s teachings about how a Muslim should conduct their
personal life. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what are the communal benefits of following the Prophet’s Hadiths? Give reasons to
support your answer. [4]

Nov/2022/P2/21/Q2
(a) Hadiths and the Qur’an are the primary sources of Islamic Law. Describe how the two are used together in
law-making. [10]
(b) In your opinion, why is consensus (ijma’ ) important in the Muslim world today? Give reasons to support
your answer. [4]

June/2022/P2/22/Q2
(a) Consensus (Ijma’) is the third source of Islamic Law. Write an account of Ijma’ and
give two examples of how it was practiced in the time of the Companions. [10]
(b)‘By using analogy (qiyas) the laws of Islam can be applied at any time and in any
case.’ Do you agree? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

June/2022/P2/21/Q2
(a) Write an account of the following three categories of Hadiths:
 Sound Hadith (Sahih)
 Good Hadith (Hasan)
 Weak Hadith (Da’if) [10]

(b)In your opinion, why was it considered important to classify Hadiths into Sahih,
Hasan and Da’if? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]
Nov/2021/P2/22/Q2
(a) Write about the checks made on the transmitters of Hadith and on the text of
Hadiths to ensure their authenticity. [10]
(b)Why was so much importance given to collecting and preserving authentic Hadiths?
[4]

Nov/2021/P2/21/Q2
(a) Referring to the set Hadiths write about the benefits to the community of the
following the Prophet’s guidance. [10]
(b)Why is the example of the Prophet (pbuh) important for the Muslims today? [4]

June/2021/P2/22/Q2
(a) Write about the importance of knowing the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬Hadiths during and
following his Sunna for Muslims. [10]
(b)Why are Belief and action Both important for Muslims? Give reasons to support
your answer. [4]

June/2021/P2/21/Q2
(a) Write a detailed account of the two components of Hadiths:
•Chain of transmission (Isnad) and
•text (matn) [10]
(b)Both of these components are equally important for establishing the authenticity of
Hadiths. Do you agree? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

Nov/2020/P2/22/Q2
(a) Write an account of:
• the reasons given by scholars for compiling Hadith collections, and;
• the checks made to confirm their authenticity. [10]
(b)What is the purpose of having false Hadiths in Hadith Collections? [4]

Nov/2020/P2/21/Q2
(a) Describe the method used to make a judgement by analogy (qiyas) using the
Qur’an and Hadith. Give examples to support your answer. [10]
(b)Why do you think the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬encouraged the use of personal reasoning
amongst his Campanions? [4]

June/2020/P2/22/Q2
(a) Outline the relationship between the Qur’an and Hadith and Hadith when
formulating Islamic Law. [10]
(b)What is the importance of consensus (ijma) in the Muslim world today? Give
reasons for your answer. [4]

June/2020/P2/21/Q2
(a) Write an account of the collection of Hadiths during:
•The Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬lifetime, and
• the time of the Companions immediately after the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬death. [10]
(b)In your opinion what were the main reasons for Hadith collections? Give reasons
for you’re your answer. [4]

Nov/2019/P2/22/Q2
 (a) Write a detailed account of the Musannaf and musnad collections of Hadith. [10]
(b)In your opinion, from the two Hadith collections above, which is the more useful to
Muslims? Give reasons for your answer. [4]

Nov/2019/P2/21/Q2
(a) From the set Hadiths you have studied outline the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬teachings on the
individual conduct of Muslims. [10]
(b)How do Muslims benefit in their community life by following the guidance given in
the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬Hadiths? [4]

J/2019/P2/ 22/Q2
(a) Write an account of the compilation of Hadiths during the period of the Successors
of the Successors (tabi’ al-tabi’in). [10]
(b) Why do you think the chain of narrators (isnad) of a is given so much In
establishing the genuineness? [4]

J/2019/P2/ 21/Q2
(a) Give a detailed account of the checks made on the text and narrators of Hadiths.
(b) In your opinion what are the main advantages of carrying out checks to confirm the
reliability of Hadiths? [4]

Nov/2018/P2/ 22/Q2
(a) Hadiths are broadly classified as sound (sahih), good (hasan) and weak (da’if). Write
a detailed account of these three categories of Hadiths.
(b) What in your opinion is the importance of classifying Hadiths?

N/2018/P2/ 21/Q2
(a) What measures were taken in early Islamic times to check the reliability of Hadiths?
(b) Why was it important for the Muslim community to have authentic Hadiths?

j/2018/P2/ 21/Q2

(a) Outline the relationship between the Hadith and the Qur’an as sources of Islamic
law. Give examples to support your
answer.

(b) Why have Muslims, right from the earliest years of Islam, attached so much
importance to the Prophet’s Hadiths?

j/2018/P2/ 22/Q2
(a) Why did it become important to compile the prophetic Hadiths after the time of the
Rightly Guided Caliphs?
(b) In your opinion, can Islam be practised without the Hadiths?

j/2017/P2/ 21/Q2

(a) Write a descriptive account of the terms isnad and matn of a Hadith and the role
they play in establishing the
genuineness of a Hadith.
(b) How does the Muslim community benefit by having genuine compilations of Hadiths?

j/2017/P2/ 22/Q2

(a) ‘My community will never agree upon an error’. The Prophet’s Hadith
encourages the use of consensus of opinion
(ijma’). Outline:
• what consensus of opinion (ijma’) is, and how many kinds of ijma’ there are;
• who is qualified to practise it;
• give examples of how the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphs practised
ijma’.
(b) Why are some Muslims not in favour of the use of analogy (qiyas) in
solving present day issues?

N/2017/P2/ 21/Q2

(a) Write an account of how the Hadiths of the Prophet stress upon the unity
of the Islamic community. Use at least four set Hadiths from the syllabus to
develop your answer.

(b) Why do you think Islam gives so much importance to maintaining unity
within the Islamic community?

N/2017/P2/22/Q2

(a) Write about the relationship between the Qur’an and the Hadiths of the
Prophet and say what the difference is
between Hadith Qudsi and Hadith Nabawi.

(b) Why do you think it was important for the Prophet to give permission to
his companions to write down his Hadiths?

N/2016/P2/ 21/Q2
(a) Write a descriptive account of the terms isnad and matn of a Hadith and the role
they play in establishing the genuineness of a Hadith
(b) How does the Muslim community benefit by having genuine compilations of Hadiths?

N2016/P2/22/Q2
(a) Giving references from the set Hadiths you have studied, outline the Prophet’s teachings about care in the
community. [10]
(b)How can teachings of the Prophet concerning care in the community be applied today? [4]

J/2016/P2/21/Q2
(a) What is the role of Hadiths as a source of guidance in the lives of Muslims?
(b) How are Muslims obeying God when they obey the Prophet?

J/2016/P2/22/Q2
(a)Write a detailed account of the parts of a Hadith and say how these parts help in determining the different
categories of Hadiths, namely; sahih, Hassan, da’if and mawdu? [10]
(b) Why do you think the Prophet practiced and encouraged the use of Ijma? [4]

N/2015/P2/21/Q2
(a) Describe how the Prophet’s Hadiths can be used together with the Qur’an to help
Muslims understand and practise their faith.
(b) How could your community be improved by applying the Prophet’s Hadiths more
fully?

N/2015/P2/22
(a) Outline the role of the following in formulating Islamic laws: [10]
(i) The Prophet’s Hadith
(ii) Consensus (Ijma)
(b) Some Muslims scholars have questioned the use of analogy (Qiyas) in Islamic law. Why do you think they
have done so? [4]

j/2015/P2/21/Q2
(a) Write an account of the parts that make up a Hadith, and describe the checks made
by
the collectors of the Hadiths to ensure the accuracy of their collections.

J/2015/P2/22
(a) Give an account of how the Prophet’s Hadiths have been a source of guidance to Muslims in putting their
faith into practice? [10]
(b) Why do the Prophet’s Hadiths link belief and action so closely? [4]

N2014/P2/22/Q2
(a) Outline the main teachings of the set Hadiths about the conduct of Muslims in communal life. [10]
(b) How do you think following the guidance of the Prophet (S.A.W.W) as regards communal living can
improve society today? [4]

N/2014/P2/21/Q2

(a) What do Muslims generally understand by the terms:

• isnad and matn of Hadiths;
• musannaf and musnad Hadiths?
(b) Which in your opinion is more beneficial for Muslims to have; musannaf collections or
musnad collections of Hadiths? Give reasons for your answer.

J2014/P2/21/Q2
(a) Describe how the compilers of the Prophet’s Hadiths checked the biographies of the
transmitters, and say why they thought it was important to do so. [10]
(b) In your opinion what are the main advantages of having authentic Hadiths?
J2014/P2/22/Q2
(a) What rules did the writers of the Six authentic books (Sihah Sitta) apply to ensure the authenticity of
Hadiths? [10]
(b) Why in your opinion was it important for them to apply these rules? [4]

N2013/P2/22/Q2
(a) Describe how the Hadiths are used in established law in Islam. [10]
(b) My community will never agree upon an error? In your opinion why is this Hadiths important for the
practice of consensus (Ijma). [4]

J2013/P2/2
(a) Why do Muslims need to know about the Prophet’s Hadiths and what benefit do they hope to get by
following his Sunna? [10]
(b) Briefly discuss why the need arose during the early Islamic period to compile the Hadis of the Prophet.
[4]

J2013/P2/2(re-sit)
(a) From the set of Hadis outline the Prophet’s teaching about the conduct of the individual in the community.
[10]
(b) How does following the example of the Prophet in one’s behavior towards other affect the community?
[4]

N2012/P2/2
(a) What are the different types of Hadiths? How is each Hadith classified into different types? [10]
(b) Giving one example, explain how the Sunna is Important in a Muslim’s life today. [4]

J2012/P2/2
(a) According to the teaching of the set Hadiths you have studied, outline the ways in which Muslims should
treat one another. [10]
(b) What are the advantages of having different categories of Hadiths? [4]

N2011/P2/2
(a) Outline the main teachings of the Hadiths you have studied, from the passages set for
special study, about the responsibilities of individual Muslims. [10]
(b) Explain by giving an example how a Hadith has been used together with the Qur’an in
working out an Islamic law. [4]

J2011/P2/2
(a) What part do Hadiths play in Islamic legal thinking? [10]
(b) What is the importance of consensus (ijma) in Islam? [4]

N2010/P2/2
(a) How have the Hadiths of the Prophet been used as a source of guidance by Muslims?[10]
(b) ‘Truly, My mercy overcomes My wrath.’ This is a Hadith Qudsi. What is special about
Hadiths of this kind? [4]

J2010/P2/2
(a) How did the compilers of Hadiths (muhaddithun) judge between acceptable and unacceptable?
Hadiths? [10]
(b) How are the Qur’an and Hadith employed in working out Islamic law? [4]
N2009/P2/2
(a) Describe the methods employed by the compilers of the major books of Hadith to ensure
the Hadiths they collected were authentic. [10]
(b) Why is it important for Muslims to have collections of authentic Hadiths? [4]

J2009/P2/2
(a) Outline the main teachings of the Hadiths you have studied about the importance of Muslim
communal life. [10]
(b) Explain the main differences between musnad and musannaf Hadiths. [4]

Specimen 2009/P2/2
(a) Outline the main teachings of the Hadiths you have studied about the responsibilities of
individual Muslims. [10]
(b) Explain the importance of the isnad and the matn in deciding that a Hadith is authentic.[4]

The Rightly Guided Caliphs

June/2024/P2/21/Q4
(a) Write about the Battle of the Camel, fought during the caliphate of ʿAli. [10]
(b) Explain the impact of the Battle of the Camel on ʿAli’s caliphate. [4]

June/2024/P2/21/Q3
(a) Give an account of ʿUmar’s administrative policies while governing the Muslim empire. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what was ʿUmar’s greatest achievement during his caliphate? Give reasons for your answer. [4]

June/2024/P2/22/Q4
(a) Write an account of the Battle of Buwayb and the Battle of Qadisiyyah, fought during the caliphate of ʿUmar. [10]
(b) What do ʿUmar’s actions following the conquest of Jerusalem tell you about his character? [4]

June/2024/P2/22/Q3
(a) Give an account of the four false prophets in Arabia and their defeat by Abu Bakr. [10]
(b) Why do you think Abu Bakr was determined to challenge the tribes who refused to pay charity (zakat)? [4]

Nov/2023/P2/22/Q4
(a) Describe the events of one of the following battles:
• Battle of Qadisiyya
• Battle of Yarmuk. [10]
(b) In your opinion, did the Battle of Qadisiyya or the Battle of Yarmuk have more significance for Islam? Give
reasons for your answer. [4]

Nov/2023/P2/21/Q3
(a) Write an account of ʿUthman’s administration and military achievements during his caliphate. [10]
(b) In your opinion what was ʿUthman’s greatest act as caliph? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

Nov/2023/P2/22/Q3
(a) Give an account of why the Battle of Nahrawan was fought, its main events and the fall of Egypt. [10]
(b) In your opinion, which event from ʿAli’s caliphate weakened his position and led to his martyrdom? Give reasons to
support your answer. [4]
June/2023/P2/22/Q3
(a) Give an account of the Battle of Nihawand. [10]
(b) Why was the Battle of Nihawand known as the ‘Victory of Victories’? [4]

June/2023/P2/21/Q3
(a) Write a detailed account of the false prophets that Abu Bakr dealt with during his caliphate. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what was more important for Islam: defeating the false prophets or fighting the tribes that refused to
pay zakat? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

Nov/2022/P2/22/Q3
(a) Give an account of the administrative reforms that improved the lives of people in ͑Umar’s caliphate. [10]
(b) What do ͑Umar’s actions in his last days after his attack tell you about his character? [4]

Nov/2022/P2/21/Q3
(a) Give an account of the steps taken by Abu Bakr to establish his caliphate. [10]
(b) In your opinion, which one of Abu Bakr’s achievements as caliph was the most significant? Give reasons to support
your answer. [4]

June/2022/P2/22/Q3
(a) Write an account of the leadership qualities shown by the Rightly Guided Caliphs during their rule. Give
examples to support your answer. [10]
(b) Choose an example of leadership shown by the Rightly Guided Caliphs and say how it can be applied by
leaders today. [4]

June/2022/P2/22/Q4
(a) Write an account of the martyrdom of Uthman and the election of Ali as Caliph. [10]
(b) Why do you think Ali encountered so much opposition after becoming Caliph? [4]

June/2022/P2/21/Q3
(a) Write about the Battle of the Bridge and the Battle of Buwayb, fought during the caliphate of Umar.
[10]
(b) Why was the victory in The Battle of Buwayb significant for Muslims? [4]

June/2022/P2/21/Q4
(a) Give an account of the main reasons for the revolt of against Uthman’s rule and the events of the
rebellion of Muslims. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what was the most serious consequence of Uthman’s assassination? Give reasons to
support your answer. [4]

Nov/2021/P2/22/Q4
(a) Write about the role of Umar and Uthman in preserving the Qur’an. [10]
(b) In your opinion, we’re the two stages of the preservation of the Qur’an equally important? Give reasons
to support your answer. [4]

Nov/2021/P2/22/Q3
(a) Write a detailed account of the Battle of the Camel. [10]
(b) What was the most serious consequence of this battle to the Muslims at the time it was fought? Give ready
to support your answer. [4]

Nov/2021/P2/21/Q3
 (a) Uthman was the third caliph of Islam. Write an account of his election and the administration of his
caliphate. [10]
(b) ‘Uthman greatest achievement as caliph was the compilation of the Qur’an.’ Do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

June/2021/P2/22/Q3
(a) Give an account of the election of Abu Bakr and the expedition he sent to Syria soon after becoming
caliph. [10]
(b) Explain the most significant action Abu Bakr as caliph. [4]

June/2021/P2/22/Q4
(a) Write in detail about the Battle of Siffin and the events that led up to it. [10]
(b) In your opinion, what was the main consequence of this battle? Give reasons to support your answer .
[4]

June/2021/P2/21/Q3
(a) Write an account of the false Prophet Musailimah and the Battle fought against hum in 632. [10]
(b) What was the importance of this battle to future generations of Muslims? [4]

Nov/2020/P2/22/Q3
(a) Write an account of how Abu Bakr led the Islamic empire when he became the first caliph. [10]
(b) Why was defeating the false Prophets so important to the stability of the Islamic State during Abu
Bakr’s Caliphate? [4]

Nov/2020/P2/21/Q3
(a) Give an account of the administration of the caliphate under Usman. [10]
(b) In your opinion what was the Usman’s greatest achievement as caliph? [4]

Nov/2020/P2/21/Q4
(a) Write a discriptive account of the Battle of Siffin and the arbitration that followed it. [10]
(b) What In your opinion was the most serious outcome of the arbitration? [4]

June/2020/P2/22/Q3
(a) Write a detailed account about the Battle of Yarmuk fought in the caliphate of Umar. [10]
(b) What was the significance of the Conquest of Jerusalem in Umar’s (R.A) Caliphate? Give reasons for
your answer. [4]

June/2020/P2/21/Q3
(a) Write about the compilation of the Qur’an in the caliphates of both Abu Bakr (R.A) and Usman. [10]
(b) In your opinion was the compilation of the Qur’an the greatest achievement of the two caliphs? Give
reasons for your answer. [4]

June/2020/P2/21/Q4
(a) Write an account of the administration of the caliphate under Umar. [10]
(b) In your opinion what was the most important features of Umar’s administration? Give reasons for your
answer. [4]

Nov/2019/P2/22/Q3
(a) Write a detailed account of the election of Abu Bakr (R.A) as the first Caliph and the action against any
two of the false Prophets. [10]
(b) What was the most serious danger faced by the Islamic State during Abu Bakr’s Caliphate? Give reasons
for your answer. [4]
Nov/2019/P2/21/Q3
(a) Write an account of the achievement of Abu Bakr (R.A) as the first caliph of Islam. [10]
(b) Which was his greatest contribution as caliph? Give reasons for your answer. [4]

Nov/2019/P2/P1/Q5
(a) Give a detailed account of the following events:
• the opposition faced by Ali when he became Caliph and
• The Battle of Camel
(b) In your opinion what was the greatest threat faced by Ali during his caliphate? [4]

J/2019/P2//22/Q3
(a) Mu‘awiya was opposed to ‘Ali’s caliphate. Give reasons for his opposition and write an account of the
Battle of Siffin which resulted from this opposition.
(b) In your opinion what was the most serious consequence of the outcome of this battle? Give reasons
for your answer.

J/2019/P2//21/Q3
(a) Outline the reasons for the unrest against ‘Uthman and write an account of the rebellion in Madina that
led to his martyrdom.
(b) ‘Umar and ‘Uthman stood by what they believed to be just and were martyred for the position they took.
Can lessons be learnt from their martyrdom?

N/2018/P2//22/Q3
(a) Choose any two caliphs from the three given below and say how and why they were martyred:

• ‘Umar;
• ‘Uthman; and
• ‘Ali.

(b) In your opinion what lesson(s) can be learnt from the martyrdom of ‘Umar?

N/2018/P2//22/Q4
(a) Write an account of the campaign led by Abu Bakr against the tribes refusing to pay zakat.

(b) How important in your view was this campaign against the tribes refusing to pay zakat?

N/2018/P2//21/Q3
(a) How did the arbitration following the Battle of Siffin lead to the emergence of the Kharijites?
(b) ‘The Kharijites were the main reason for ‘Ali not winning the Battle of Siffin.’ Do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons to support your answer.

J/2018/P2//21/Q3

(a) Write a detailed account of Abu Bakr’s achievements as Caliph.

(b)What was the significance of his actions in dealing firmly with the apostate tribes?
J/2018/P2//22/Q3

(a) Write a detailed account of two battles under the caliphate of ‘Umar.
(b) Give reasons for why you have selected the two battles in Part (a) as being the most important.

N/2017/P2//21/Q3
(a) Outline the reasons why the caliphs Abu Bakr and ‘Uthman thought it necessary to compile the Qur’an and
describe how they went about completing this task.

(b) In your opinion, how important was it to have a complied copy of the Qur’an and what could have been the
dangers of not having one?

N/2017/P2//22/Q3

(a) Write a detailed account about the election and administration of Abu Bakr.
(b) In your opinion, what was the greatest service performed by Abu Bakr during his caliphate? Give reasons
for your choice.

N/2017/P2//22/Q4
(a) Outline the characteristics of the caliphates of all four Rightly Guided Caliphs which make them an
example ofleadership for Muslim rulers.
(b) In your opinion which characteristic of the rules of the caliphs, if adopted by the present day rulers, would
improve the lives of ordinary people in the countries they live in?

j/2017/P2//21/Q4

(a) Write about the following events that took place during the caliphate of ‘Ali:
• The battle of Siffin;
• The emergence of Kharijites; and
• The arbitration after Siffin

(b) What in your opinion was the most serious consequence of the outcome of the arbitration during the rest
of‘Ali’s reign?

j/2017/P2//22/Q3

(a) ‘Umar made several administrative reforms during his ten year caliphate. Write an account of at least five of
them and say how these reforms helped make his rule so admirable.

(b) Which in your opinion was ‘Umar’s greatest quality as caliph? Give reasons for your choice.

N/2017/P2//21/Q3

(a) Give an account of:

(i) the election of the caliph ‘Uthman, and

(ii) the compilation of the Qur’an that took place during his caliphate.
(b) Three of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs were martyred for the decisions they made.
Can Muslim leaders today learn anything from this? Give reasons for your answer.

N2016/P2/22/Q3
(a) Write in detail about the policy followed by ‘Uthmanas caliph in the expanding and maintaining the state.
[10]
(b) How justified were the criticism against ‘Uthman for burning the copies of the Qur’an? Give reasons for
your answer. [4]

J/2016/P22/Q5
(a) Write an account of the events that resulted from the opposition of Talha and Zubayr to ‘Ali’. [10]
(b) Explain why do you think Mu’awiya refused to step down from the governorship of Syria at ‘Ali’s request.
[4]

J/2016/P2/22/Q3
(a) Write a detailed account of the battle of Yamama, and of the compilation of the Qur’an during the caliphate
of Abu Bakr. [10]
(b) The Prophet called Abu Bakr ‘al-Siddiq’ (Testifier of the Truth). How did Abu Bakr live up to his title
during his caliphate? [4]

N/2015/P2/21/Q3

(a) ‘Ali’s policy of changing the governors appointed by ‘Uthman led to a lot of problems
for him. Outline:

(i) His reasons for making these changes;

(ii) The effects of his policy.

(b) ‘‘Ali was a strong caliph’. Give reasons to agree or disagree with this statement.

N/2015/P2/22/Q4
(a) Outline the charges leveled against uthman by his opponents, and describe the main events of the revolt
against him. [10]
(b) What do you think was the most harmful outcome of Uthman’s assassination? [4]

J/2015/P2/22/Q3
(a) “Umar’s caliphate is regarded as a golden era in Islamic history.” Write an account of How Umar ruled
during his 10 years caliphate? [10]
(b) What do you think was Umar’s greatest achievement during his rule? Explain why you think so? [4]

N/2014/P2/22/Q3
(a) Write an account of the battle of Yamama fought during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, and the battle of the
camel fought during the caliphate of Ali. [10]
(b) Which of these 2 battles was, in your opinion, the more significant? [4]

J/2014/P2/22/Q3
(a) Ali’s caliphate was riddled with Problems. Describe what these problem were. [10]
(b) Choose anyone problem you have written about in part (a) and say why you think it was significant.
[4]

J/2013/P2/22/Q3
(a) Which important battles were fought during the caliphate of Ali? Write a descriptive account of each.
[10]
(b) “Ali was the right ruler for the time”. Briefly discuss this statement. [4]

J2013/P2/5 (Re-sit)
(a) Give an account of the following two battles fought during the rule of Umar. [10]
* Battle of Qadisiya * Battle of Yarmuk
(b) Was Umar better as Military leader or as an administrator? [4]

N2013/P2/3
(a) What were the consequences of uthman’s murder? [10]
(b) Ibn Muijam’s murder of Ali’s was unjustified. Discuss, giving reasons for your answer. [4]

N/2012/P2/3
(a) Write about how the four rightly guided caliphs are role models for leaders today. [10]
(b) How does Umar’s conduct at the surrender of Jerusalem set an example for Muslims? [4]

J2012/P2/3
(a) Write a descriptive account of the important events that took place in the caliphate of any two of four rightly
guided caliphs. [10]
(b) Briefly state why any one event you have written about in part (a) was of special significance. [4]

N2011/P2/3
(a) Briefly describe the main events of the caliphate of any two of the rightly guided caliphs
given below:
(i) Abu Bakr
(ii) ‘Umar
(iii) ‘Uthman [10]
(b) In your opinion what was the most important task that faced Abu Bakr on becoming caliph?Briefly discuss.
[4]

J2011/P2/3
(a) Write a detailed account of the administrative measures put in place by ‘Umar during his
caliphate. [10]
(b) ‘‘Umar’s caliphate is regarded as the golden period of early Islamic history’. Discuss. [4]

N2010/P2/5
(a) What were the main events of the caliphate of ‘Ali? [10]
(b) Why do you think Mu’awiya refused to accept ‘Ali as caliph? [4]

J2010/P2/3
(a) What major events took place during the caliphate of ‘Uthman? [10]
(b) Explain why ‘Uthman encountered difficulties in the later years of his caliphate and was
Assassinated. [4]

N2009/P2/3
(a) Describe Abu Bakr’s activities against the false prophets and apostate tribes. [10]
(b) Why is Abu Bakr called the Saviour of Islam? [4]

J2009/P2/3
(a) Trace the expansion of the Islamic empire under the rule of the caliph ‘Umar. [10]
(b) What does the way he died tell us about his character? [4]

J2009/P2/4
(a) Describe the main events of the caliphate of ‘Ali. [10]
(b) Explain why Talha and Zubayr opposed ‘Ali. [4]

Specimen 2009/P2/3
(a) Write an account of the major challenges that faced Abu Bakr during his caliphate. [10]
(b) Explain why he was known as the Honest One (al-Siddiq), and the Saviour of Islam. [4]

The Articles of Faith

June/2024/P2/21/Q5
(a) Give an account of Muslim belief in prophets and divine books. [10]
(b) Explain why belief in all prophets is important in Islam. [4]

Nov/2023/P2/22/Q5
(a) Write an account of Muslim belief in angels. Include examples of instances in which angels met with Abraham and
Muhammad (pbuh). [10]
(b) In your opinion, why is belief in angels important in Islam? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

June/2023/P2/22/Q5
(a) Write an account of the following two Articles of Faith:
• belief in prophets
• belief in God’s predestination and decree. [10]
(b) How might the belief in God’s divine decree influence the everyday life of a Muslim? [4]

June/2023/P2/21/Q4
(a) State the words of the Shahada and give an account of the Shahada’s significance in Islam. [10]
(b) What do you think is the importance of understanding the Shahada? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

Nov/2022/P2/22/Q5
(a) Give a descriptive account of Muslim belief in life after death and the Day of Judgement. [10]
(b) How does the belief in life after death affect the daily lives of Muslims? [4]

Nov/2022/P2/21/Q4
(a) God sent prophets throughout the ages to guide mankind. Write an account of Muslim belief in prophets. [10]
(b) Why were prophets chosen from within their own communities? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

Nov/2021/P2/21/Q4
(a) Write an account of the Muslim belief in divinely revealed books and their content and purpose. [10]
 (b) In your opinion, why is the Qur’an the most important source of Islamic Law? Give reasons to support
your answer. [4]

Nov/2020/P2/21/Q4
(a) Write a detailed account of belief in:
• Allah as the Supreme Lord and Master of all creation;
• Allah alone is entitled to worship; and
• Allah is known by His most beautiful names and attributes. [10]
(b) Why is the declaration of faith (Shahadah) at the core of Islam? [4]
June/2020/P2/22/Q4
(a) Write about the Muslim belief in:
• Divine books, and
• Prophets
(b) Why is Belief in all Prophets important in Islam? Give reasons for your answer . [4]

J/2019/P2/22/Q4
(a) Islamic teachings revolve around six main Articles of Faith. Write about the following two:

• Belief in God, and

• Belief in angels.
(b) Why do you think God gave miracles to his chosen prophets?

J/2019/P2/22/Q5

(a) Prophets played a central part in conveying God’s message to humanity. Write an account of Muslim
belief in prophets.
(b) Why do you think God gave miracles to his chosen prophets?

J/2019/P2/21/Q5
(a) Describe how Muslims observe the fast of Ramadan and how this month should be spent.
(b) What is the purpose of fasting during the month of Ramadan?
N/2018/P2/21/Q4
(a) According to Muslim belief what part do angels play in the everyday lives of human beings?
(b) What in your opinion is the primary link between angels and prophets in Islam?

N/2018/P2/21/Q5
(a) In what circumstances are Muslims obliged to engage in:
• armed fighting (jihad bi-l-sayf) and;
• what rules and limitations apply to this jihad?
(b) What do you understand by the term jihad?

J/2018/P2/21/Q4

(a) List the Six Articles of Faith and give an account of what any two of them teach.

(b) What, in your opinion, is the importance of prophets being sent to humanity?

J/2018/P2//22/Q4
(a) Write in detail about Muslim belief in Life after Death and the Day of Judgement.
(b) How does belief in life after death affect the life of a Muslim?

N/2017/P2//21/Q5

(a) Write an account about the relationship between belief in God’s divine decree and human responsibility.
(b) How does this belief in God’s divine decree affect the day to day life of Muslims?

j/2017/P2//21/Q3

(a) Belief in the oneness of God (tawhid) is a fundamental aspect of faith. State how tawhid benefits Muslims
in their everyday life.
(b) Give reasons to support the statement that without tawhid there is no faith.

j/2017/P2//22/Q4

(a) Associating partners (shirk) is opposed to believing in the oneness of God (tawhid and can be divided into
three main categories. Write about each category.
(b) Does belief in angels make a Muslim’s faith stronger? Give reasons for your answer.

N2016/P2/22/Q4
(a) Belief in all the Prophets is one of the articles of faith in Islam. Write about this Muslim belief in detail.
[10]
(b) How is the message brought by these prophets important for Muslims today? [4]

N/2015/P2/21/Q5
(a) Belief in prophets and the revealed books are essential to Islam. Write an account of
these two articles of faith.

(b) The Qur’an describes itself as a confirmation of earlier revelations. Does the Qur’an
differ in any significant way from earlier revealed books?

N2015/P2/22/Q5
(a) Describe the meaning of the term Jihad and say hos Muslims can practice Jihad in their everyday lives.
[10]
(b) Why do you think Jihad of the self (Jihad bil Nafs) is greater than armed jihad (Jihad bis saif)? [4]

J/2015/P2/21/Q5

(a) Write about any two major events that took place during the caliphate of Abu Bakr [10]
(b) In your opinion which of the two events you have written about in Part (a) was the
more significant and why?

J2015/P2/22/Q4
(a)What do Muslims belief about the day of resurrection and judgement? [10]
(b)How does this belief affect the daily living of Muslims? [4]

J2014/P2/22/Q5
(a) Write an account of: [10]
* The Prophet’s teachings about armed warfare (Jihad)
* Under what circumstances is Jihad thought to be compulsory?
(b) “The Prophet’s teaching about armed warfare (Jihad) are not relevant today. Do you agree? [4]

N2014/P2/22/Q5
(a) Name the revealed books mentioned in the Quran, giving the name of the messengers they were revealed to
and the message they contained. [10]
(b) All the revealed books were sent by God. What in your opinion makes the Quran unique? [4]

J2013/P2/22/Q4
(a) Outline the Muslim teaching about belief in the oneness of Allah (Tawhid). [10]
(b) Why is associating Partners with God (Shirk) regarded as a great sin? [4]

N2013/P2/Q4
(a) Give an account of Muslim belief in Prophets and the messages they preached. [10]
(b) How are these Prophets and their messages important for Muslims? [4]

N2011/P2/5
(a) Give a full account of the Muslim belief in prophets. [10]
(b) Briefly explain why Allah revealed different books from time to time. [4]

J2011/P2/4
(a) What does the statement ‘There is no ability or power except through Allah’ tell you about
Muslim belief in Allah’s predestination and decree? [10]
(b) To what extent does this belief affect the daily living of Muslims? [4]

N2010/P2/4
(a) Give a descriptive account of the Muslim belief in revealed books. [10]
(b) Discuss the importance of Jibra’il in comparison to other angels. [4]

J2010/P2/4
(a) What are Muslim beliefs about angels? [10]
(b) Why is the belief in resurrection important to Muslims in their daily living? [4]

J2009/P2/5
(a) Write about Muslim beliefs in prophets. [10]
(b) Explain how this belief influences the daily living of a Muslim. [4]

Specimen 2009/P1/4
(a) Give an account of the Muslim belief in angels and God’s predestination and decree.[10]
(b) Explain the importance to the community of Muslims of congregational prayers on Fridays
and pilgrimage.

The Pillars of Islam

June/2024/P2/22/Q5
(a) Give an account of missed (qada) prayers and the importance of prayers for Muslims. [10]
(b) In your opinion, why is so much importance given to purification (wudu) before prayer (salat)? [4]

Nov/2023/P2/21/Q5
(a) Write about the benefits of fasting and almsgiving (zakat). [10]
(b) What is the most important benefit to a Muslim of completing the annual pilgrimage (hajj)? Give reasons to support
your answer. [4]

Nov/2023/P2/22/Q4
(a) Give an account of the call to prayer (adhan) and the steps of the five prayers (salat). [10]
(b) How do Muslims benefit from praying (salat) five times each day? [4]

June/2023/P2/22/Q4
(a) What are the benefits of prayer (salat) to an individual and to the community? [10]
(b) What is the importance of beginning to pray (salat) from a young age? [4]

June/2023/P2/21/Q5
(a) Describe the moral and spiritual benefits of fasting in Ramadan for Muslims and their society. [10]
(b) What do you consider to be the most important benefit of fasting in Ramadan? Give reasons to support your answer.
[4]

Nov/2022/P2/22/Q4
(a) Give an account of the ways Muslims can practise jihad peacefully in their daily lives. [10]
(b) In your opinion, how do Muslims benefit from practising jihad in their daily lives? [4]

Nov/2022/P2/21/Q5
(a) Write an account of Muslim belief in the oneness of God (tawhid). [10]
(b) How do signs from the natural world strengthen a Muslim’s belief in God? [4]

June/2022/P2/22/Q5
 Give an account of the significance of the following:
 Day of ‘Arafah
 Eid-Ul-Adha. [10]

(b) The Prophet (pbuh) performed pilgrimage (hajj) only once in his lifetime. What do you think this tells
Muslims today? [4]
June/2022/P2/21/Q5
(a) Friday (Jum’a ) prayer is of special importance to Muslims. Describe:
 How worshippers prepare for this prayer
 What it’s main feature are. [10]
(b) What are the benefits of praying in a congregation? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

Nov/2021/P2/22/Q5
(a) Write a detailed account about the second Pillar of Islam: prayer (salat). [10]
(b) What is the importance of praying in the mosque for the Muslims? [4]

Nov/2021/P2/21/Q5
(a) Describe how and when the two Eids are celebrated and give an account of the Eid prayer. [10]
(b) What is the importance of celebrating religious festivals? Give reasons to support your answer. [4]

June/2021/P2/22/Q5
(a) Write about the different types of purification before the performance of salat:
• Wudu
• Tayammum and
• Ghusl [10]
(b) In your opinion, what is the most important benefit of salat in the lives of Muslims? Give reasons to
support your answer. [4]

June/2021/P2/21/Q4
(a) Fasting In Ramadan benefits Muslims in many ways. Write about the major benefits of fasting in
Ramadan. [10]
(b) Explain why the Night of Power (Layla till Qadr) is so important for Muslims? [4]

June/2021/P2/21/Q5
(a) Give an account of the Pillar of Alms-giving (Zakat). [10]
(b) In your opinion, what is the most important benefit of giving zakat? Give reasons for your answer. [4]

Nov/2020/P2/22/Q5
(a) Describe how the fast in the month of Ramadan should be observed by Muslims. [10]
(b) In your opinion what is the most important benefit of fasting in Ramadan? Give reasons for your answer.
[4]

Nov/2020/P2/21/Q5
(a) Write about the rituals that take place on the first three days of the annual pilgrimage (Hajj). [10]
(b) In your opinion should hajj be performed as many times as possible in a Muslim’s life? Give reasons for
your answer. [4]

June/2020/22/P2/Q5
(a) How do Muslims prepare themselves for Friday (Juma) prayers and what are the special features of this
prayer? [10]
(b) In your opinion what are the benefits of praying in a mosque? Give reasons for your answer. [4]

June/2020/21/P2/Q5
(a) There are five forms of jihad. Write an account of any three of them. [10]
(b) In your opinion which is the most important kind of jihad? Give reasons for your answer .[4]

Nov/2019/P2/22/Q5
(a) Write an account of alms-giving (Zakat) and say who is liable to pay it and who it can be paid to. [10]
 (b) What is the importance of Zakat in Muslim Society? [4]

Nov/2019/P2/22/Q4
(a) Write about the following:
• the conditions that should be met before Muslims start prayer (salat), and
• the importance of prayer (salat) in the life of Muslims. [10]
(b) Why is private prayer (Du'a) given so much importance by Muslims? Give reasons for your answer. [4]

Nov/2019/P2/21/Q4
(a) Describe any three of the following elements of pilgrimage (hajj):
• Ihram (garment worn)
• Sa'I (Running between the hills of Safa and Marwa)
• Rami (Stoning the Jamarat), and
• Qurbani (Sacrifice) [10]
(b) Why do you think pilgrims strive so hard to touch the Black Stone (Hajr Al Aswad)? [4]

J/2019/P2/21/Q4
(a) Write about the following:

• The benefits of private prayer (du’a) in a Muslim’s life.

• The times when God is thought most likely to accept du’a.
(b) How does du’a bring a believer closer to God?

J/2018/P2 /21/Q5

5(a) Write about the moral, social and economic benefits of a Muslim fasting.
(b) What, in your opinion, is the greatest reward of fasting? Support your answer by giving reasons for your
choice.
J/2018/P2//22/Q5

(a) ‘There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger.’ Write about the significance of the shahada
to a Muslim.

(b) Why is the second Pillar of Islam prayer (salat) so important in a Muslim’s life?

N/2017/P2//21/Q4

(a) Outline the various kinds of circumambulations (tawaf) around the Ka’ba required during the annual
pilgrimage (hajj) and describe the conditions for performing them.
(b) Why in your opinion is it desirable that the pilgrims should visit Madina after the performance of hajj or
umra?

N/2017/P2//22/Q5
(a) Prayers (salat), whether obligatory or voluntary, require preparation. Write an account of how a Muslim
prepares for it?

(b) Invocation (dua) is highly recommended immediately after obligatory prayer. Why do you think that is?
j/2017/P2//21/Q5

(a) Alms-giving (zakat) is an act of worship which benefits the community of Muslims. Write in detail about its
benefits to the giver, the receiver and to society as a whole.

(b) Abu Bakr fought against those who refused to pay zakat during his caliphate. In your view what is the
significance of this action?

j/2017/P2//22/Q5

(a) Write about the preparations made for the two ‘Id prayers and say how the prayers are performed.
(b) What in your opinion is the importance of celebrating the two ‘Ids?
N/2016/P2//21/Q4
(a) What are the benefits to individuals and the community of fasting in the month of Ramadan?
(b) Are ‘Id al-Fitr and ‘Id al-Adha more than just religious celebrations? Give reasons for
your answer
N/2016/P2//21/Q5
5 (a) Write an account of the difference in meaning between:

(i) jihad of the self

(iii) jihad of the tongue, and

(iii) jihad of the sword.

(b) In your opinion, what is the importance of following the rules of armed jihad in modern
times?

N/2016/P2//22/Q3

(a) Write in detail about the policy followed by ‘Uthman as caliph in expanding and
maintaining the state.
(b) How justified were the criticisms against ‘Uthman for burning the copies of the
Qur’an? Give reasons for your answer.

N2016/P2/5
(a) Describe the particular features of Friday congregational prayers (Jum’a) and the main features of the Friday
sermon. [10]
(b) Explain how this event uphold the unity of the Muslim community. [4]

J/2016/P2/22/Q4
(a) ‘And complete the hajj or umra in the service of God’ (al-Baqara 2:196). What observations does a pilgrim
complete in the performance of umra and how umra is different from hajj? [10]
(b) Explain how the outward actions performed during umra improve a pilgrim’s inner spirituality? [4]
J/2015/P2/22/Q5
(a) Write about the practice of fasting in Ramadan and the moral benefits that a Muslim gains from fasting in
this month. [10]
(b)How do you think observing the Pillar of giving alms (Zakat) benefits the giver?

N/2015/P2/21/Q4

(a) Write an account of the benefits that result from the payment of charity (zakat), and
state to whom it should and should not be paid.
(b) In your opinion, what is the greatest benefit for the giver of zakat? Give reasons to
support your answer.

N/2015/P2/22/Q3
(a) Describe the particularly features of congregational prayers, both daily and on Friday. [10]
(b) In your opinion why are congregational prayers considered to be beneficial to Muslims? [4]

J/2015/P2/21/Q3

(a) Give an account of the conditions required for ablution (wudu) and the method of
performing it.
(b) Why is ablution (wudu) given so much importance in your view?

J/2015/P2/21/Q4

(a) What acts do pilgrims (hajjis) perform on the 10th

of Dhu al-Hijja and how does the rest
of the Muslim community (umma) celebrate this day?

N2014/P2/22/Q4
(a) Pilgrimage to the House is a duty people owe to Allah, those who can afford the journey (Al Imarn 3:97)
[10]
(i) For who is the annual Pilgrimage compulsory, and which Muslims are exempt from it?
(ii) What things are forbidden to pilgrims while in the state of Ihram?
(b) Some Muslims are exempt from performing the annual Pilgrimage. Why that’s happens? [4]

J2014/P2/22/Q4
(a) How do Muslims individuals and Muslims community benefit from the annual pilgrimage(Hajj)?[10]
(b) How does the talbiya sum up the relationship between the pilgrimage (Hajji) and God. [4]

N2013/P2/5
(a) How are individuals and the community benefitted by almsgiving (zakat)? [10]
(b) Why are Muslims encouraged to pay sadaqa-e-Fitr? [4]

J2013/P2/5
(a) How do the Pillars of Prayers (Salat) and fasting bring Muslims closer to both God and other people?
[10]
(b) Briefly reflect upon the importance of any one of the remaining three Pillars in the life of a Muslim? [4]
J2013/P2/3 (Re-sit)
(a) Outline the main observance of the annual pilgrimage (Hajj). [10]
(b) How does Hajj encourage a sense of equality amongst Muslims? [4]

J2013/P2/4 (Re-sit)
(a) Describe how and why Muslims celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha. [10]
(b How do the two Eids bring the Muslim community together? [4]

N2012/P2/4
(a) “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”, describe the Muslim beliefs
summarized by the declaration of faith (Shahada). [10]
(b) Explain how the declaration of faith is acted upon through the remaining four Pillars of Islam. [4]

N2012/P2/5
(a) What is the purpose of prayer in congregation? [10]
(b) Explain why Muslims believe that personal prayer (dua) is important? [4]

J2012/P2/4
(a) Give a detail account of how Muslims prepare for Prayers? [10]
(b) A mosque is a focal point in the lives of Muslims. Discuss. [4]

J2012/P2/5
(a) Outline the features of the Ramadan fast, and identify which Muslims are exempt from fasting during this
month. [10]
(b) What advantages does the fast of Ramadan bring to the Muslim Community? [4]

N2011/P2/4
(a) Give descriptions of the way in which fasting and almsgiving are carried out among Muslims.[10]
(b) Show how these two pillars keep the Islamic community together. [4]

J2011/P2/5
(a) What beliefs and practices are involved in:
(i) stoning the Jamarat
(ii) performing sa’y
(iii) assembling at Arafat [10]
(b) Explain the main differences between hajj and umrah. [4]

N2010/P2/3
(a) What are the daily observances of the Ramadan fast? [10]
(b) Explain why the Ramadan fast is important to Muslims. [4]

J2010/P2/5
(a) What are the conditions of prayer (salat) that must be fulfilled before performing them?[10]
(b) Explain the importance of mosques in Muslim communities. [4]

N2009/P2/4
(a) Describe the particular features of congregational prayers on Fridays (jum‘a). [10]
(b) Why do Muslims regard these prayers as important? [4]
N2009/P2/5
(a) Describe the main events of the annual pilgrimage (hajj). [10]
(b) Explain the significance of the prophet Abraham in the observances of the pilgrimage.[4]

Specimen 2009/P2/5
(a) Give brief descriptions of the ways in which fasting and almsgiving are carried out. [10]
(b) Show how observance of these two pillars keeps the community together. [4]