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html
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 Colloquial Slovak

Colloquial Slovak: The Complete Course for Beginne

carefully developed by an experienced teacher to pro
step course to Slovak as it is written and spoken toda
Combining a clear, practical and accessible style w
methodical and thorough treatment of the language,
learners with the essential skills needed to communic
and effectively in Slovak in a broad range of situation
knowledge of the language is required.
Colloquial Slovak is exceptional; each unit present
grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide ra
exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a gra
summary, bilingual glossaries and English translatio

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 Key features include:

A clear, user-friendly format designed to help l

progressively build up their speaking, listening
writing skills
Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured exp
grammar
An extensive range of focused and dynamic sup
exercises
Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a
of narrative situations
Helpful cultural points explaining the customs
life in Slovakia
An overview of the sounds of Slovak

Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial

indispensable resource both for independent learner
taking courses in Slovak.
Audio material to accompany the course is availab
free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/col
Recorded by native speakers, the audio material featu
dialogues and texts from the book and will help deve
listening and pronunciation skills.

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 THE COLLOQUIAL SERIES
Series Adviser: Gary King

The following languages are available in the Colloqui

Afrikaans
Albanian
Amharic
Arabic (Levantine)
Arabic of Egypt
Arabic of the Gulf
Basque
Bengali
Breton
Bulgarian
Burmese
Cambodian
Cantonese
Catalan
Chinese (Mandarin)
Croatian
Czech
Danish
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 Estonian
Finnish
French
German
Greek
Gujarati
Hebrew
Hindi
Hungarian
Icelandic
Indonesian
Irish
Italian
Japanese
Kazakh
Korean
Latvian
Lithuanian
Malay
Mongolian
Norwegian
Panjabi
Persian
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 Portuguese of Brazil
Romanian
Russian
Scottish Gaelic
Serbian
Slovak
Slovene
Somali
Spanish
Spanish of Latin America
Swahili
Swedish
Tamil
Thai
Tibetan
Turkish
Ukrainian
Urdu
Vietnamese
Welsh
Yiddish
Yoruba
Zulu (forthcoming)
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 Language Learning

Chinese
Dutch
French
German
Italian
Portuguese of Brazil
Russian
Spanish
Spanish of Latin America

Colloquials are now supported by FREE AUDIO avai

audio tracks referenced within the text are free to str
download from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials.
experience any difficulties accessing the audio on the
website, or still wish to purchase a CD, please contac
services team through www.routledge.com/info/cont

Colloquial Slovak

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 James Naughton

Second edition published 2012

by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Ox
4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and

by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

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 Group, an informa business

© 2012 James Naughton

The right of James Naughton to be identif

author of this work has been asserted by h
accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book m

reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any
any electronic, mechanical, or other mean
known or hereafter invented, including ph
and recording, or in any information stora
retrieval system, without permission in w
the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate n

be trademarks or registered trademarks, a

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 to infringe.

First edition published by Routledge 1997

British Library Cataloguing in Publicatio

A catalogue record for this book is availab
British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Public

A catalog record for this book has been re

ISBN: 978-1-138-96020-6 (pbk)

Typeset in Avant Garde and Helvetica

by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong

Contents

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 Copyright
Table of Contents
Preface
Abbreviations
Introduction
Pronunciation guide
1 Ako sa máte? How are you?
2 Čo robíte? What are you doing?
3 Si lenivá? Are you lazy?
4 Idem do mesta I’m going to town
5 Chcem íst’ do kina I want to go to the cin
6 To je krásna dedina! That’s a lovely villa
7 Raňajky, obed, večera Breakfast, lunch,
8 Chcela napísat’ e-mail She wanted to wr
9 Stratila som cestovný pas I’ve lost my p
10 Môžem íst’ d’alej? Can I come in?
11 Nakupovanie Shopping
12 Kol’ko je hodín? What time is it?
13 Ako mačka s myšou Like a cat with a m
14 Sveter, Tatry a L’udovít Štúr A sweate
and L’udovít Štúr
15 Čo keby? What if?
16 Máte vol’ný stôl? Do you have a free tab
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 Slovak–English glossary
English–Slovak glossary
Index of language points

Preface

Over ten years have passed since the first publication

textbook. The typesetting of a second edition has give
opportunity to carry out some updating of items such
currency (the introduction of the euro), to add and ad
items in order to respond to altered patterns of life (e
phones, computers), and to endeavour to eliminate s
errors and infelicities spotted by myself or communic
over the intervening years.
The course is designed both for classroom use and
working on their own, without much extra help. The
exercises offered in the book has been slightly increa
presentation of the grammar has also been reviewed

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 their own pace, according to the level of time, energy
linguistic experience at their disposal.
The units aim to take learners up to a level at whic
communicate usefully on a range of everyday topics a
read books, magazines and newspapers and follow th
combine everyday dialogues and simple narrative tex
explanations of individual language points, aiming to
most essential structures. A new set of recordings ha
produced to accompany this edition. Fully utilising th
is particularly advisable if you are working on your ow
teacher or native speaker to help.
I remain much indebted to Marta kernotová, Heda
Libor Janský and others for their improvements to th
I would also like to thank warmly my anonymous edi
my sharp-eyed copy editor Helena Power, the speake
recording, and everyone involved in the making of th
previous editions.

Abbreviations

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 + separates ‘single’ and ‘habitual/repeated’ verbs
precedes the case required after a word
|| divides male and female variant nouns
acc. accusative case
adj. adjective
adv. adverb
coll. (a) more colloquial words, (b) less formal gram
dat. dative case
dim. diminutive form
f. feminine gender
freq. frequentative verb
gen. genitive case
impf. imperfective verb
ins. instrumental case
lit. literally
loc. locative case
m. masculine gender
ma. masculine animate
mi. masculine inanimate
n. neuter gender
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 pl. plural
sg. singular
s/he he or she

Introduction

Slovakia, with its capital Bratislava (not far from Vien

an independent state since Czechoslovakia split up at
1992. This ‘Velvet Divorce’ had been preceded in 198
Revolution’, which saw the fall of Communism in Cze
As the rather less affluent next-door neighbour of the
Republic and Austria, Slovakia found itself grappling
of major adjustment to a radically changed economic
situation. Subsequent years have brought about vario
Slovak life and to Slovakia’s economy and political af
membership of the European Union and the more re
of the euro. Less often visited by English-speaking fo
either the Czech Republic or Austria, Slovakia with it
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 and life of the arts. Watch out for any translated nove
you can find, as well as films, Slovak theatre, and Slo
and performers, as well as Slovak sporting successes.
Slovakia’s current population is about 5.43 million
sizeable Hungarian minority). As a result of nineteen
twentiethcentury emigrations, there are also numero
Slovak descent living all over the globe, especially in
Many younger Slovaks have also been coming to Brit
successfully in temporary jobs over recent years.
Up to 1918 Slovakia had been part of the kingdom
since the tenth century. After the First World War, an
Austro-Hungarian Empire, ruled over by the Habsbu
became part of the new-born republic of Czechoslova
Second World War it was briefly semi-independent u
hegemony, before going back to Czechoslovakia, soon
Communist political domination up till 1989.
The Slovak language is very close to Czech, both in
in grammar, and Czechs can understand Slovak quite
Standard Slovak is rather modern in origin, based on
dialects, and shaped into its present form since the 18
struggle to make headway under Hungarian educatio
during the later nineteenth century, but quickly beca
medium of education and public life in Slovakia from
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 varied. Occasionally you may observe however that c
that occur in everyday usage – sometimes these are t
in Czech – are deprecated by language institutions, a
dictionaries and other works of reference, in favour o
preferred equivalents.

Further Study Material

Various handy pocket-size and larger dictionaries are

all pretty much designed for Slovak native speakers.
ones include:

Vel’ký slovník anglicko-slovenský, slovensko-ang

Bratislava: Lingea,2008.
Josef Fronek, Pavel Mokráp, Anglicko-slovenský
Bratislava:Nová práca, 2006.

For revision and expansion of vocabulary and idiom,

you have tackled a significant amount of the material
Slovak, you might well want to look at one or more c
published recently in Slovakia. These include:

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 krážom. Slovenčina A1 + A2, Bratislava: Studia
Slovaca UK, 2007–2009 (two volumes).
Angela Zebegneyová, Anna Puzderová, Beáta Bak
Bortlíková, Eva Maierová, Jana Navrátilová, Sl
cudzí jazyk A + B – Hovorme spolu po slovens
Univerzita Komenského, 2007–2008 (two volu

Other solid courses worth inspecting include:

Peter Baláž, Miloslav Darovec, Heather Trebatick

Slavicists, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické n
2nd edition, 1985.
Oscar Swan, Sylvia Gálová-Lorinc, Beginning Slo
Columbus, Ohio:Slavica Publishers, 1990.

There is also a good descriptive chapter on Slovak by

this large comparative volume designed for linguists:

The Slavonic Languages, edited by Bernard Com

G.Corbett, London & New York: Routledge, 199

For a very concise introduction to the history of Slova

with some brief translated extracts, see:

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 1995.

Pronunciation guide

Slovak spelling is generally straightforward, and you

find the pronunciation of the language one of its less
features. The description that follows tries to keep th
as simple as possible.

Vowels (Audio 1:3)

Slovak vowel letters a, e, i/y, o, u are quite close in p

to the English vowels in ‘puck, peck, pick, pock, pook
difference in pronunciation between i and y, it’s just
spelling.)
With acute signs added (á, é, í/ý, ó, ú) the vowels
pronounced longer: roughly like ah, eh, ee, aw, oo.
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 a, á brat, mal, málo, bál sa
e, é ten, krém, pekné, mesto
i, í and y, ý pivo, víno; syn, milý
o, ó bol, gól, ona, bola
u, ú ruka, ruku, mú, malú

(Audio 1:4)

Ä is today normally pronounced the same as e:

ä mäso, mäkký

(Audio 1:5)

There are also several diphthongs which occur in nat

vowel merging quickly into another). These also coun
vowels. Three have a brief Slovak i sound gliding into

ia piatok, prosia
ie viem, spievam
iu tretiu

(Audio 1:6)

Another, spelt ô, has a brief u gliding into o:

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 The following three sequences are not conventionally
diphthongs. They are pronounced as the first vowel f
English ‘w’ sound (this is also how the Slovak letter v
in some positions – see below).

(Audio 1:7)

ou rukou, malou
au auto, august
eu európsky, euro

Otherwise, in words of foreign origin, two adjacent vo

generally pronounced as two syllables, as in the noun
‘geography’ for example.

Consonants

We needn’t really discuss b, d, f, g (as in ‘good’), h, k

(as in ‘sun’), t (as in ‘stop’), x and z, as they are rough
in English.

(Audio 1:8)

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 end of a word) of an English slight puff of air called ‘a
following them:

kilo, ruka, pil, kúpil, ten, to, talent

Ch is like ‘ch’ in the Scottish pronunciation of the wo

chlap, chyba, ucho

(Audio 1:10)

R is briefly flapped, also as in Scottish English:

rád, rieka, hora

(Audio 1:11)

Both r and l can act as vowels, sometimes even lengt

Í. For example:

prvý, plný, hlboký – hÍbka, vŕba

(Audio 1:12)

V is mostly like English ‘v’, but at the end of a word it

English ‘w’, also between a vowel and a following con

víno, Viera – but: domov, krv, polievka, pra

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 Qu and w only turn up in foreign words like Quido
WC [vétsé].

Soft consonants (Audio 1:14)

All the so-called ‘soft consonants’ except c, dz and j a

consonant letters with ‘soft signs’ over them. In most
sign is printed and written ˇ (like a tiny v over the let
closely linked apostrophe is regularly used in the prin
the letters d’, t’ and Ľ, l’ (details of pronunciation be
After soft consonants the ‘i’ vowel is regularly spelt
(mäkké i), rather than ‘hard y’ (tvrdé y).
C is like ‘ts’ in ‘bats’. Dz is like ‘ds’ in ‘rods’. J is lik

c noc, práca, cena, Slováci

dz medzi, cudzí, prichádza
j ja, Ján, moje, ahoj

(Audio 1:15)

Č, š, ž and dž are like English ‘chin’, ‘shin’, ‘vision’ a

č čaká, reč, angličan

š široký, špinavý, píšeš
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 (Audio 1:16)

Ď/d’, Ť/t’ and Ň/ň are fairly close in pronunciation

English ‘duty’, ‘tune’, ‘new’ (as pronounced roughly ‘d
‘nyoo’):

Ď d’ d’akujem, mad’arský
Ť t’ byt’, mat’, t’ava, t’ahat’
Ňň pou, spálpa, kaviarep

Ľ/l’ is fairly close to the ‘el’ sound in English ‘value’,

‘valyoo’, but more subtly or gently pronounced, witho
‘y’ sound following the ‘l’:

L’, l’ l’ud, vel’a, kl’úo, žial’

Practise these Slovak names for the signs used over t

dÍžeň ‘long sign’ (as in á)

mäkčeň ‘soft sign’ (as in Č/č, Ď/d’)
vokáň ‘circumflex’ (as in ô)
dve bodky ‘two dots’ (as in ä = široké e ‘broad e’)

Soft spelling rule (Audio 1:18)

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 d’ dedina [d’ed’ina], sedem [sed’em], vidím [vid’
t’ otec [ot’ec], deti [d’et’i], tisíc [t’isíc]
ň nemá [ňemá], nič [ňič]

Standard pronunciation also prescribes a ‘soft l’ in th

environments, in words like pole and leto, but in pr
perceive it as pretty much like an ordinary ‘el’.
In foreign loanwords like politika, idea the rule a
apply. A few native words, and the forms of standard
not adverbs), are also exempt. Note especially that th
very common words are pronounced with a hard d, t

ten ‘that’, teraz ‘now’, teda ‘then’, vtedy ‘then, at that

‘almost’, jeden ‘one’, to je pekné ‘that is pretty’, to je
beautiful’

However, krásne is pronounced [kráspe] when it is

‘beautifully’, used also in the idiomatic phrase je krá
(weather)’.

Voiced and voiceless sounds (Audio

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 In each of these pairs the first consonant letter is n
‘voiced’ in pronunciation (with humming vocal chord
is its nearest ‘voiceless’ equivalent:

b – p, d – t, d’ – t’, g – k, h – ch, v – f, z – s,
dž – č

The voiced consonant letters are normally pronounce

the end of a word (before a pause):

dub [dup], hrad [hrat], sneh [sňech], muž [mu

The same happens to these consonants when followe

voiceless consonants in this list:

včera [fčera], vták [fták], l’ahký [l’achkí], t’ažk

The reverse occurs in certain words, where the first c

becomes voiced to match the second:

kde [gd’e], prosba [prozba], but not before v: sv

own’

(Audio 1:20)

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 v meste [vmest’e] ‘in town’, v kine [fkiňe] ‘in th
s Petrom [spetrom] ‘with Peter’, s matkou [zm
mother’

The alphabet

Alphabetical order is much the same as in English, bu

ch comes after h in the dictionary

č, š, ž and ä, ô also count separately (after c, s, z

Other letters (d’, á etc.) are not treated distinctly.

A spot of geography (Audio 1:21

Revise your výslovnost’ ‘pronunciation’ with some

names:

Slovensko ‘Slovakia’, Slovenska republika ‘the Slov

západné Slovensko ‘Western Slovakia’, stredné Slo
Slovakia’, východné Slovensko ‘Eastern Slovakia’

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 Hory ‘mountains’ – Vysoké Tatry ‘the High Tatras’, V
Fatra ‘the Great and Little Fatra’, Beskydy ‘the Beskid
Karpaty ‘the Little/Lesser Carpathians’, Biele Karpa
Carpathians’

Hlavné mesto ‘capital city’ – Bratislava (city popula

431000), Petržalka (its large modern suburb), Devín
rock fortress)

Iné mestá ‘other towns’ – Košice (city population ab

Nitra, Trenčín, Žilina, Martin, Komárno, Bansk
Prešov, Poprad, Trnava, Prievidza, Piešt’any

Map by Kristoffer Blegvad

Basic Numerals (Audio 1:22)

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 1 jeden, 2 dva, 3 tri, 4 štyri, 5 pät’,
6 šest’, 7 sedem, 8 osem, 9 devät’, 10 desat’,
11 jedenást’, 12 dvanást’

Ešte raz! Again! Once more!

A do videnia! And goodbye for now!

Unit One
Ako sa máte?
How are you?

In this unit you will learn about:

greetings, ‘please’ and ‘thank you’

‘I’, ‘you’, ‘he/she/it’ etc.
‘be’ and ‘have’
asking questions
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 saying ‘yes’, ‘no’ and ‘not’

Dialogue 1

(Audio 1:23)

Meeting up and introducing yourself: Neil Parker arr

Bratislava. He’s met at the airport, letisko, by Viera.

NEIL Dobrý dep. Vy ste Viera Ondrušová?

VIERA Áno. To som ja.
NEIL Teší ma. Ja som Neil Parker.
VIERA Vítam vás v Bratislave! Vy ste amerioan?
NEIL Nie! Ja som anglioan. Moja manželka je ame
VIERA ale hovoríte dobre po slovensky!
NEIL Učím sa len rok. Trochu rozumiem, ale hovor
VIERA ale nie! Hovoríte pekne! Máte kufor?
NEIL Áno, mám. Samozrejme. Tu je.
VIERA Tak dobre. Pod’me. auto čaká vonku.

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 NEIL Pleased to meet you. I am Neil Parker.
VIERA Welcome to Bratislava! Are you (an) Americ
NEIL No. I am English. My wife is American.
VIERA But you speak Slovak well!
NEIL I’ve been learning for only a year. I understa
I speak badly.
VIERA But no! You speak nicely! Do you have a suit
NEIL Yes, I do. Of course. Here it is.
VIERA So good. Let’s go. The car’s waiting outside.

Vocabulary
dobrý deň hello (lit. ‘good day’)
(vy) ste you are
(ja) som I am
teší ma pleased to meet you (lit. ‘it pl
vítam vás welcome! (lit. ‘I welcome you
Bratislava, v
Bratislava, in Bratislava
Bratislave
áno yes

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 Viera = first name Vera
= surname (the masculine fo
Ondrušová
without -ová)
Američan (an) American (man)
Američanka (an) American (woman) (add
Angličan (an) Englishman
Angličanka (an) Englishwoman
Slovák (a) Slovak (man)
Slovenka (a) Slovak (woman)
môj manžel my husband
moja manželka my wife
mám, máte I have, you have
hovorím, hovoríte I speak, you speak
rozumiem,
I understand, you understand
rozumiete
I am learning, you are learnin
učím sa, učíte sa
(your)self’)
dobre, pekne well, nicely
zle badly
tu je here it is

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 čaká waits, is waiting
kufor suitcase
len only
letisko airport
tak so
trochu a little
vonku outside

Language points

No articles

Notice how Slovak does not have any word correspon

‘a’ or ‘the’:
Mám kufor. I have a suitcase.
Tu je kufor. Here is the suitcase.

Pronouns

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 ty you
on, ona, ono he, she, it
to that/this/it
my we
vy you
oni/ony they

Note the two different words for you. Ty is used to ad

person, someone you know well and are familiar frien
also used for a child).
Vy is used to address (a) more than one person, (b
who is a stranger, older than you, or with whom you
familiar terms.
On ‘he’ and ona ‘she’ usually refer to persons. The
‘girl’, diet’a ‘child’ and other terms for the young of a
as neuter ‘it’ in Slovak, so can be referred to as ono ‘i
non-specific ‘it’ meaning ‘this, that (thing)’ use the de
pronoun to instead, if any word is required.
The form oni ‘they’ is regularly masculine animate
while ony is to be used for feminine, neuter, and ma
inanimate senses (but in practice this form is also use
persons).

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 Verbs are listed under the infinitive form, which ends
the same as an English verb with ‘to’ attached, e.g. m
To say ‘I have’, ‘you have’ etc. (and form the presen
replace the -at’ ending of mat’ by a series of persona
forms are conventionally referred to as ‘first person’
‘we’), ‘second person’ (= sg./pl. ‘you’), and ‘third pers
she, it’, pl. ‘they’).

(ja) mám I have

(ty) máš you have
(on, ona, to) má he, she, this/it has
(my) máme we have
(vy) máte you have
(oni) majú they have

The subject pronouns ja, ty etc. are added to the verb

emphasis or clarity. On and ona can distinguish if n
whether the subject is ‘he’ or ‘she’:

Ona má kufor, ale on nemá.

She has a suitcase, but he doesn’t.

Mostly however the subject pronouns can simply be o

form of the verb is sufficient to give this information:
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 Majú kufor. They have a suitcase.

Verb ‘to be’

The present tense of byt’ ‘to be’ is irregular. It goes li

(ja) som I am
(ty) si you are
(on, ona, to) je he, she, it is
(Ja) som Viera I am Viera.
Ty si Ján. You are Ján.
Tu som Here I am.
Sme tu. We are here.
To je kufor. That/this is a suitcase.
(my) sme we are (pronounce [zme]
(vy) ste you are
(oni) sú they are

Questions

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 Máš kufor? Do you have a suitcase?
Ty si Jana? You are Jana? Are you Jana?
Si Angličanka? Are you English (lit. ‘an Englishw
Ste tam? Are you there?
Sú doma? Are they at home?

Sometimes however the order of words (subject and

reversed, to make a question, like this:

Je Viera Slovenka? Is Viera (a) Slov

Je to hrad? Is it a castle?

Exercise 1

Write or say the following in Slovak:

1. Hello. I am Jozef.
2. Pleased to meet you.
3. Are you (a) Slovak man/woman?
4. No. I am an Englishman/woman.
5. Viera is waiting outside.

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 Work out the questions (English and Slovak) to whic
answers.

1. Áno. Ja som Amerioanka.

2. Áno. Viera je Slovenka.
3. Samozrejme. Máme kufor. Tu je.
4. Áno. Som vonku.
5. Áno. Ja som Jana.

Dialogue 2

(Audio 1:28)

Neil and Viera drive into Bratislava, which Neil has n

before. He seems to be going on a course. Do we agre
about whether the Danube is clean or not?

NEIL Čo je to?
VIERA Vl’avo? To je Bratislavský hrad.
NEIL To je pekný hrad. Je aj Bratislava pekná?
VIERA Áno. Najmä staré mesto je vel’mi pekné.

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 NEIL Dunaj? Nie je modrý?
VIERA Nie. Bohužial’. rieka nie je vel’mi špinavá, je d
ale voda je hnedá.
NEIL Kto je náš učitel’? Ako sa volá?
VIERA Volá sa Štefan Horák.
NEIL What’s that?
VIERA On the left? That’s Bratislava Castle.
NEIL That’s a lovely/fine/pretty castle. Is Bratisla
VIERA Yes. Especially the old town is very lovely.
NEIL Where is the river?
VIERA The Danube? The Danube’s there. On the rig
NEIL The Danube? Isn’t it blue?
VIERA No. Unfortunately. The river isn’t very dirty
clean, but the water is brown.
NEIL Who is our teacher? What is his name?
VIERA His name is Štefan Horák

Vocabulary
Čo je to? What is that?

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 What’s his/her name? (lit. ‘How
Ako sa volá?
s/he calls?’)
Volá sa … His/her name is …(lit. ‘He calls h
aj also (= in addition)
bohužial’ unfortunately, regrettably
Bratislavský
Bratislava Castle
hrad
čistý, -á, -é clean, pure
dost’ fairly, quite, rather; enough
Dunaj the Danube
hnedý, -á, -é brown
mesto town
modrý, -á, -é blue
najmä especially
náš our
nie je is not
pekný, -á, -é nice, pretty, lovely
rieka river
starý, -á, -é old
špinavý, -á, -é dirty

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 učitel’ka female teacher
vel’mi very
vl’avo on the left
voda water
vpravo on the right

Language points

Gender

When describing a noun with an adjective (e.g. ‘a lov

need to know the so-called gender of the noun: masc
or neuter. This is because the ending of the adjective
accordingly.
You will not be surprised to hear that nouns for ma
normally masculine, while nouns for females are nor
A good rule of thumb for any other noun is:

Ending in a consonant – masculine:

hrad castle kufor suitcase Dunaj Danube
Ending in -a (or -ost’) – feminine:
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 mesto town auto car srdce heart námestie (to

The same patterns mostly apply to animate nouns as

noun žena ‘woman’ ends in -a and is, as expected, fe
muž ‘man’ ends in a consonant and is masculine. Sim
‘bull’ is masculine, krava ‘cow’ is feminine, and so on
With words for animals one noun of a particular ge
applied to the species in general, e.g. mačka ‘cat’ (gr
feminine). But if you want to refer specifically to a ‘to
is kocúr (masculine animate).
Words for the young of animals are normally neute
in -a, e.g. mača ‘kitten’, tel’a ‘calf’. The basic nouns
and dievča ‘girl’ also fall into this category.
Exceptions will be noted in the vocabularies. For e
number of feminine nouns end in soft consonants, e.
‘café’ and some other words like it with the suffix -eň

Adjectives

Adjectives (e.g. pekný ‘nice, lovely, fine’) vary in the

depending on the gender of the noun to which they r
the very basic demonstrative ten, tá, to meaning ‘tha

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 to pekné mesto (neuter) that lovely/fi

Learn some pairs of common adjectives now:

vel’ký big malý small

starý old nový new, mladý youn
dobrý good zlý bad
krásny beautiful škaredý ugly

Note carefully that krásny has a short -y, because th

vowel á is long. Similarly, the feminine form is krásn
neuter is krásne. This tendency to avoid having two
adjacent syllables in Slovak is termed the rytmický
‘rhythmic law’ or rytmické krátenie ‘rhythmic sho
When we attach a place name like Bratislava to a fo
in English, in Slovak you need to use a derived adject
the suffix -ský: Bratislavský hrad ‘Bratislava Cast

A-type verbs

Most verbs with infinitives ending in -at’ have a pres

like mat’ ‘to have’, e.g. čakat’ ‘to wait’. We’ll call the

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 čakám I am waiting, I wait
čakáš you are waiting, you wait
čaká he/she/it is waiting, waits
čakáme we are waiting, we wait
čakáte you are waiting, you wait
čakajú they are waiting, they wait

When the previous vowel in the verb is long, the á is

This is the ‘rhythmic law’ at work again, as seen in ad
Look at bývat’ ‘to live’ (= ‘reside’), and interpret th
yourself!

bývam bývame
bývaš bývate
býva bývajú

Bývate tu? Do you live here

Nie. Ja tu nebývam. No. I don’t live h

Saying ‘not’

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 ‘they don’t have’.
The only exception to this is the present tense of b
where you attach nie as a separate word, e.g. nie som
nie sú ‘they are not’.
Before other parts of speech nie is also used, as a s

Nie dnes, ale zajtra. Not today, but tomo

‘My name is …’

The verb volat’ ‘to call’ combines with the so-called r

pronoun sa ‘self, oneself’ to form a reflexive verb ‘cal
pronoun is called ‘reflexive’ because it refers back to
subject:

volám sa I call ‘self’ = myself

voláš sa you call ‘self’ = yourself
volá sa s/he calls ‘self’ = him/herself
voláme sa we call ‘self’ = ourselves
voláte sa you call ‘self’ = yourselves
volajú sa they call ‘self’ = themselves

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 Volám sa Jana. My name is Jana.

Similarly:

Volá sa Jozef. His name is Jozef.

Volajú sa Mária a Jozef.

They are called Mária and Jozef (= Mary and Jos

‘How are you?’

Mat’ ‘to have’ combined with sa ‘(one)self’ has the id

‘to be feeling’, hence the standard phrase:

Ako sa máte?
How are you? How are you feeling? How are thin

That is to use the vy, or formal mode of address, of c

someone to whom you say ty, you need to say:

Ako sa máš? How are you?

This question in Slovak is not a mere formality. It no

a response. A conventional answer might be:

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 If feeling notably unwell, you could conceivably say:

Zle! Badly!

Neutral, but unenthusiastic, is:

Ujde to. Not too bad. Okay. It’ll do.

Note how sa ‘one(self)’ is not always placed after the

a rule, it comes in the second possible slot in a clause

Ako sa máte? – Mám sa dobre. How are you

Ivan sa má dobre. Ivan is well.
Igor a Peter sa majú dobre. Igor and Pe

‘Please’ and ‘thank you’

Prosím is ‘Please’ (lit. ‘I ask (for)’). For ‘Please may

can say Prosím si …

Prosím si čaj. Please may I have some tea.

Čaj, prosím! Tea, please!

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 Ďakujem in response to some thing or service provi
conventionally elicits the reply Nech sa páči, lit. ‘M

Ďakujem pekne. Thank you very much (lit. ‘n

Nech sa páči. You’re welcome.

Exercise 3

Fill in the blanks with appropriate adjectives in the ri

1. Náš hrad je ______. (pretty)

2. Dunaj nie je ______. (blue)
3. Mám ______ auto. (new)
4. Voda je ______. (clean)
5. ______ mesto je ______. (old ______ bea

Exercise 4

Revise your words and find opposites for the followin

Čistý, malý, vpravo, áno, škaredý, mladý

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 Translate these sentences, then make them negative.

1. Viera je Slovenka.
2. Čakajú vonku.
3. Bývam tu.
4. Som Angličan.

Exercise 6

Answer these questions in an appropriate way.

1. Ako sa máte?
2. Ste Slovák/Slovenka?
3. Ako sa voláte?
4. Je Bratislava pekné mesto?
5. Je Dunaj čistý?
6. Kto je náš učitel’? Ako sa volá?
7. Je Štefan starý?

Exercise 7

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 – …. ?
– Ďakujem. Dobre.
– …. ?
– Nie. Nemám auto.
– …?
– Áno. Samozrejme. Štefan je tu. Čaká vonku.
– Tak dobre….
– Do videnia.

Dialogue 3

(Audio 1:31)

Mr Krajčovič delivers a parcel by hand to Mrs Horáko

address each other formally, as vy.

PÁN Dobrý dep. Ako sa máte?

KRAJČOVIČ
PANÍ Ďakujem. Dobre. Čakáte dlho?
HORÁKOVÁ
PÁN Nie. Krátko.
KRAJČOVIČ
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 PÁN Ďakujem. Do videnia.
KRAJČOVIČ
PANÍ Do videnia.
HORÁKOVÁ
MR KRAJČOVIČ Good day. How are you?
MRS Thank you. Well. Are you waiting
HORÁKOVÁ waiting) long?
MR KRAJČOVIČ No. For a short time.
MRS Here is (lit. ‘you have’) that parcel
HORÁKOVÁ
MR KRAJČOVIČ Thank you. Goodbye.
MRS Goodbye.
HORÁKOVÁ

Vocabulary
balík packet, parcel
dlho for a long time
do videnia goodbye
krátko for a short time
Nech sa páči. Please, here you are. (lit. ‘may it p
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 Dialogue 4

(Audio 1:33)

Adam and Eve have a heavy case to deal with. They a

other familarly, as ty.

ADAM Ahoj, eva.

EVA Servus, adam.
ADAM Čakáš dlho?
EVA Áno. Vel’mi dlho.
ADAM AKO sa máš, eva?
EVA Dobre. Tu máš kufor. Kde máš auto? Ty nemá
ADAM Nie. Nemám auto. a ty máš?
EVA Nie. Tiež nemám. Bohužial’.
ADAM Ale kufor je vel’ký! a aj t’ažký.
EVA Ale ty si silný chlap. Nie?
ADAM Nie. Nie som vel’mi silný. ale máme št’astie! V
taxík
ADAM Hi, Eva.
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 EVA Yes. Very long.
ADAM How are you, Eva?
EVA Fine. Here is (lit.’you have’) the suitcase. Wh
have the car? You don’t have a car?
ADAM No. I don’t have a car. And you do (lit.’you ha
EVA No. I also don’t (lit.‘don’t have’). Unfortunate
ADAM But the suitcase is big! And also heavy.
EVA But you are a strong guy. Aren’t you? (lit.‘No
ADAM No. I am not very strong. But we are lucky (l
A taxi is waiting outside.

Vocabulary
Ahoj. Hi. Hello (informal), also = Bye.
Servus. alternative to Ahoj (lit. ‘Servant’); also: Č
ale but
chlap bloke, guy, man
silný strong
Št’astie luck, happiness
taxík taxi

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 tiež ne- also not, not …either

Unit Two
Čo robíte?
What are you doing?

In this unit you will learn about:

more verbs in the present tense

’my’, ‘your’ etc.
saying ‘like’ and ‘must’
money and numbers 11–100
saying ‘know’ and ‘understand’
languages, countries and nationalities
some plurals

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 Dialogue 1

(Audio 1:34–35)

Little Evioka talks to Mr Kováč.

EVIČKA Dobrý dep, pán Kováč. Ako sa máte?

KOVÁČ Ďakujem, dobre. Čo robíš, Evička? Máš pe
EVIČKA Hrám sa. A posielam esemesku. A vy čo ro
Kováč?
KOVÁČ Fajčím a čakám na obed. Je tu pekne, však
EVIČKA Kde je pani Kováčová?
KOVÁČ Je doma. Varí obed, vieš. A čo robí tvoja se
EVIČKA Viera? Učí sa.
KOVÁČ A čo robí brat? Ako sa volá?
EVIČKA Igor. Neviem, čo robí. Asi sedí doma, číta a
rádio. Alebo hádam spí.
EVIČKA Good day, Mr Kováč. How are you?
MR Thank you. Fine. What are you doing, Ev
KOVÁČ got a nice mobile!

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 MR I’m smoking and waiting for lunch. It’s ni
KOVÁČ
EVIČKA Where is Mrs Kováčová?
MR She’s at home. She’s cooking lunch, you kn
KOVÁČ is your sister doing?
EVIČKA Viera? She’s studying.
MR And what’s (your) brother doing? What’s
KOVÁČ
EVIČKA Igor. I don’t know what he’s doing. Proba
at home, reading or listening to the radio
sleeping.

Vocabulary
A and
alebo or
asi probably
brat brother
čakat’, čakám na to wait, I’m waiting for
čítat’, číta to read, s/he’s reading
čo robíš, čo robíte? what are you doing?
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 a text message, SMS
u
Evička familiar form of Eva
fajčit’, fajčím to smoke, I’m smoking
Hádam probably, I guess
hrat’, hrám (sa) to play, I’m playing
je tu pekne it is nice here
Mobil mobile phone, cell phone
Obed lunch (midday meal)
pán Kováč Mr Kováč
pani Kováčová Mrs Kováčová
počúvat’, počúva to listen to, s/he’s listenin
posielat’, posielam to send, I’m sending
rádio radio
robit’, robí to do/make, s/he’s doing/
sediet’, sedí to sit, s/he’s sitting
sestra sister
spat’, spí to sleep, s/he’s sleeping
tvoja f. of tvoj your
to study (lit. ‘teach oneself
učit’ sa, učí sa
studying

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 however; here = isn’t it? (i
však
agreement)

Exercise 1

Answer these questions about Dialogue 1.

1. Čo robí Evioka? (two answers)

2. Čo robí pán Kováč? (two answers)
3. Kde je pani Kováčová?
4. Čo robí pani Kováčová?
5. Čo robí Viera?
6. A čo asi robí Igor? (four answers)

Language points

More verbs in the present tense

The dialogue above used some more a-type verbs in -

hrat’/hrám ‘to play’, čítat’/čítam ‘to read’, počúv
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 type. They mostly have infinitives ending in -it’, but s
-iet’. Compare below the forms of hrat’ ‘to play’ with
robit’ ‘to do/make’, and sediet’ ‘to sit’. The vowel in
tense endings of the i-type is í, instead of á, while the
plural ending is -ia, instead of -ajú:

hrám robím sedím I play, do, sit

hráš robíš sedíš you play, do, si
hrá robí sedí s/he plays, doe
hráme robíme sedíme we play, do, sit
hráte robíte sedíte you play, do, si
hrajú robia sedia they play, do, s

Other i-type verbs are varit’ ‘to cook’, učit’ ‘to teach
‘to study’ (lit. ‘teach oneself’), also fajčit’ ‘to smoke’,
see’. After a long vowel í shortens to i (under the ‘rhy
e.g. krátit’/krátim ‘to shorten’.
A few have infinitive -at’, e.g. spat’/spím … spia
The ending -ia loses its i after j, e.g. stát’/stojím
stoja ‘they stand’.

Reflexive verbs
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 you say:
Hrám futbal. I play football. I am playing footba
but: Hrám sa. I am playing (cf. English ‘amusing

Note also the common reflexive verbs učit’ sa ‘to lea

‘to teach oneself’) and pýtat’ sa ‘to ask (a question)’.
Učím sa slovenčinu. I am learning/studyin
Pýtam sa, kde je Peter. I ask where Peter is.

‘My’, ‘your’, etc.

Note the way môj ‘my’ and tvoj ‘your’ change for fem
neuter nouns:

To je môj brat, moja sestra a moje auto.

That’s my brother, my sister and my car.

To je tvoj otec, tvoja matka a tvoje auto.

That’s your father, your mother and your car.

Tvoj means possession by someone you address as t

the ‘you’ word used is vy (plural, or formal) ‘your’ is v

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 To je váš brat, vaša sestra, vaše auto.
That’s your brother, your sister and your car.

To je náš brat, naša sestra, naše auto.

That’s our brother, our sister and our car.

Jeho ‘his/its’, jej ‘her’ and ich ‘their’ never alter:

To je jej brat, jeho sestra a ich auto.

That is her brother, his sister and their car.

The possessive can often be omitted for family memb

clear who is meant:
To je (môj) brat. This is (my) brot
To je (moja) matka. This is (my) mot

Money and Numbers

The verb stát’/stojím ‘to stand’ also means ‘to cost’:

Kol’ko to stojí? How much does it cost?

‘Money’ is peniaze (plural).

‘Banknote’ is bankovka (banka ‘bank’). ‘Coin’ is

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 eurozóna ‘eurozone’, started using the euro and ce
euro) as its own local currency. Previous to that it use
‘crown’, abbreviated as Sk = slovenská koruna.
Euro is a neuter noun – its plural is eurá.
Koruna ‘crown’ (still the unit of Czech currency in
feminine,as expected, and its plural is koruny. The B
‘pound’ is also feminine, with plural libry. Dolár ‘do
masculine, with a less regular plural doláre.
Jeden ‘one’ becomes jedna with feminine nouns,
neuters. Thus, you say:
jeden dolár one dollar (m.)
jedna koruna, jedna libra one crown, one
jedno euro one euro (n.)

However, when stating a price, the feminine ending -

(as the amount of money is the object of the verb ‘cos
Kol’ko to stojí? How much does it cost?

Jedno euro. (Jednu) korunu/libru.

One euro. One/a crown/a pound.

In simple phrases with numbers 2–4 you use the plu

you might expect. Dva ‘two’ becomes dve with both
neuter nouns, but tri ‘three’ and štyri ‘four’ do not a
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 but: dva, tri, štyri doláre two, three, four do

With numbers 5 and above you have to use special ‘g

forms meaning ‘of euros’, ‘of pounds’ and so on. Don
the details of this just yet, just learn these examples:
pät’, šest’, sedem eur (korún, five, six, seven e
libier) pounds)
osem, devät’, desat’ eur eight, nine, ten e
(korún, libier)
but: pät’ … desat’ dolárov five … ten dollar

Numbers 11–100

Numbers in the ‘teens’ end in -nást’. Note the hard t

nást’ in pätnást’, šestnást’ and devätnást’.

11 jedenást’
12 dvanást’
13 trinást’
14 štrnást’(!)
15 pätnást’
16 šestnást’
17 sedemnást’
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 The next three ‘tens’ end in -dsat’, but the rest end in

20 dvadsat’
30 tridsat’
40 štyridsat’
50 pät’desiat
60 šest’desiat
70 sedemdesiat
80 osemdesiat
90 devät’desiat

Learn also sto ‘a hundred’. Intermediate numbers ar

combinations, e.g. stodvadsat’ ‘a hundred and twen
Compounds are written as one word, and ignore ge
dvadsat’jeden eur (korún) twenty-one eur
tridsat’dva eur (libier) thirty-two euro
pät’desiatpät’ eur (dolárov) fifty-five euros

Simple arithmetic is expressed like this (for divisio

Tri plus desat’ je (rovná sa) trinást’.

Three plus ten is (equals) thirteen.

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 Sedem krát štyri je dvadsat’ osem.
Seven times four is twenty-eight.

Exercise 2

Ask simple questions to which these are sensible ans

1. Fajčím.
2. Igor je doma.
3. Nie, ja nespím.
4. Nie, nepočúvam rádio.
5. Volám sa Eva.

Exercise 3

Use the right form for ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘our’ with the noun

1. môj: ________ kufor, ________ auto, ___

2. tvoj: ________ rieka, ________ obed, ___
3. náš: ________ mesto, ________ rieka, __

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 Exercise 4

Give these prices in euros:

five, thirty-five, fifty-seven, ninety-two, two, one,

and twenty-six

Dialogue 2

(Audio 1:36)

Mr Kováo asks more about Evioka’s brother.

KOVÁČ Je igor chorý?

EVIČKA Nie. Je lenivý, viete.
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 KOVÁČ A aký šport máš rada ty?
EVIČKA Ja hrám tenis. a plávam.
MR KOVÁČ Is Igor ill?
EVIČKA No. He’s lazy, you know.
MR KOVÁČ Does he like some (any) sport?
EVIČKA Yes. He plays football. Sometimes also v
only when he has to.
MR KOVÁČ And what sport do you like?
EVIČKA I play tennis. And I swim.

Vocabulary
aký what kind of?
futbal football
chorý ill, sick
ked’ when
len only
lenivý lazy
má rád/rada s/he likes
máš rád/rada you like
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 nejaký some
niekedy sometimes
plávat’, plávam to swim, I swim
šport sport
tenis tennis
vediet’, viete to know, you know
volejbal volleyball

Language points

‘To like’

In the phrase mat’ rád ‘to like’ (lit. ‘to have glad’) rá
rada if the subject is female:
Igor má vodu rád. Igor likes
Viera má vodu rada. Viera likes
Viera má Igora rada. Viera likes
Negative: Viera nemá Igora rada. Viera does

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 Rád/rada plávam. I like swimming.
Rada číta. She likes reading.
Negative: Nerada číta. She doesn’t like re

Dievča ‘girl’ and diet’a ‘child’ both count as neuter!

becomes rado:
Diet’a/dievča má vodu rado. The child/girl

The plural of rád is radi, but rady if the subject per

masculine.
Radi spia. They like sleeping.
Rady spia. They (women) like sleeping.

Expressing necessity or obligation

Musiet’ ‘to have to, must’ is another i-type verb, use

necessity or obligation:
Musím varit’ obed. I have to cook lunch. I mu
Nemusíte hrat’ futbal. You don’t have to play foo

Knowing facts

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 viem I know
vieš you know
vie s/he knows
vieme we know
viete you know
vedia (!) they know

Neviete, kde je pán Kováč?

Do(n’t) you know where Mr Kováč is?

Nevedia, kto je pán Kováč.

They don’t know who Mr Kováčis.

Vieme, čo robíme. We know what we are d

Vediet’ also means ‘to know how to’:

Pán Kováčnevie varit’ Mr Kováč doesn’t know
Viera vie hrat’ hokej. Viera knows how to play

Languages

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 slovensky ‘(in) Slovak’, po anglicky ‘(in) English’.
Pán Kováč vie len po slovensky. Mr Kováč only
Ale Viera vie po anglicky. But Viera know

Corresponding linguistic/national adjectives end in -

slovenský román ‘a Slovak novel’, anglická knih
book’.
Some of the adjectives end in a short vowel, due to
law’, e.g. čínsky čaj ‘China tea’, talianska poézia ‘
španielske mesto ‘a Spanish town’.
Here is a longer list to familiarise yourself with:
slovenský, po slovensky Slo
anglický, po anglicky En
nemecký, po nemecky Ge
český, po česky Cz
mad’arský, po mad’arsky Hu
pol’ský, po pol’sky Po
ukrajinský, po ukrajinsky Uk
ruský, po rusky Ru
francúzsky, po francúzsky Fr
taliansky, po taliansky Ita

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 japonský, po japonsky Ja

The same language adverbs are used with other verbs

hovorit’ ‘to speak’ and čítat’ ‘to read’:

Ján hovorí a číta (po) nemecky.

Ján speaks and reads German.

The nouns for any corresponding languages end in -i

slovenčina Slovak
angličtina English
nemčina German
čeština Czech
mad’arčina Hungarian
pol’ština Polish
ukrajinčina Ukrainian
ruština Russian
francúzština French
taliančina Italian
španielčina Spanish
čínština Chinese
japončina Japanese
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 Countries and nationalities

Country names end typically in -sko or -cko:

Slovensko Slovakia
Anglicko England
Nemecko Germany
Rakúsko Austria
Mad’arsko Hungary
Pol’sko Poland
Rusko Russia
Francúzsko France
Taliansko Italy
Španielsko Spain
Japonsko Japan

Also former ČskoSlovensko ‘Czechoslovakia’ (som

hyphenated as Česko-Slovensko).
Other terms to learn include:
Slovenská republika the Slovak re
česká republika, česko the Czech rep

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 Amerika America
Spojené štáty the United St
Čína China

Nouns for members of nationalities all have feminine

ending in -ka:
Slovák || Slovenka a Slovak
Anglian || Angličanka an Englishman,
Američan || Američanka an American
Nemec || Nemka a German
Rakúšan || Rakúšanka an Austrian
čech || češka a Czech
Mad’ar || Mad’arka a Hungarian
Poliak || Pol’ka a Pole
Ukrajinec || Ukrajinka a Ukrainian
Rus || Ruska a Russian
Francúz || Francúzka a Frenchman, -w
Talian || Talianka an Italian
Španiel || Španielka a Spaniard
číňan || číňanka a Chinese perso

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 ‘To understand’

The present tense of rozumiet’ ‘to understand’ is sim

-at’, but with ie in the endings instead of á. The third
ends in -ejú.
rozumiem I understand
Rozumieš you understand
rozumie s/he understands
rozumieme we understand
rozumiete you pl. understand
rozumejú they understand

Rozumiete (po) slovensky? Do you understand

Nerozumejú (po) anglicky. They don’t unders

Some plurals

Many nouns have plurals ending in -y. Remember th

becomes dve with both feminine (and neuter) nouns
hrad – dva, tri, štyri hrady two, three, fo

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 Neuter nouns ending in -o have regular plurals endin
mesto – dve mestá two to
auto – dve autá two ca

Numbers pät’ ‘five’ and above are followed by specia

meaning ‘of’ – we’ll worry about this and other detail
later!

Exercise 5

Answer ‘no’ to these questions, making complete sen

1. Máš rád/rada vodu? Nie, …

2. Hráš futbal?
3. Máte rád/rada šport?
4. Plávaš?
5. Si lenivý/lenivá?
6. Ste chorý/chorá?
7. Musíte fajoit’?

Exercise 6
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 1. Musíte sa učit’? Áno, …
2. Vieš po anglicky?
3. Rozumiete po nemecky?
4. Vie Evička varit’?
5. Hovoríte dobre po nemecky?
6. Viete hrat’ tenis?
7. Musíme hrat’ nejaký šport?

Exercise 7

Make the nouns plural, and substitute the right form

‘two’:

jedna sestra, jeden obed, jedno auto, jeden balík,

jedna matka

Dialogue 3

(Audio 1:37)

Peter asks Magda about her languages and other inte

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 MAGDA Nie. Ale hovorím trochu po nemecky a rozu
mad’arsky.
PETER Čo robíš, ked’ máš vol’ný čas?
MAGDA Mám rada hudbu a umenie. Rada čítam aleb
televíziu. A pooúvam rádio.
PETER Máš rada nejaký šport?
MAGDA Niekedy hrám karty. Nemáš rád karty?
PETER Nie. Ale hrám šach.
PETER Magda, do you know English?
MAGDA No. But I speak German a little and unders
Hungarian.
PETER What do you do when you have free time?
MAGDA I like music and art. I like reading or watch
And I listen to the radio.
PETER Do you like any sport?
MAGDA Sometimes I play cards. Do(n’t) you like ca
PETER No. But I play chess.

Vocabulary
čas time

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 karty cards
mám rád/rada I like/love
po mad’arsky (in) Hungarian
pozerat’ to watch, look at
pozerám televíziu I watch TV
rád/rada čítam I like reading
rozumiet’, rozumiem to understand, I un
šach chess
televízia, object form -iu television
trochu a little
umenie art
vol’ný free

Exercise 8

Translate these statements based on the dialogue.

1. No, Magda doesn’t know English.

2. But she speaks a bit of German.
3. And she understands Hungarian.
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 6. She watches television.
7. She likes reading.
8. Peter doesn’t play cards, but he plays chess.

Unit Three
Si lenivá?
Are you lazy?

In this unit you will learn about:

the family, some jobs and occupations

objects of verbs
some prepositions
adjectives with accusative nouns
‘who’, ‘which’ and ‘someone’

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 (Audio 1:40)

Peter and Magda continue their conversation from th

PETER Si lenivá?
MAGDA Nie! Rada chodím na prechádzky. A behám.
Mám vodu rada.
PETER Ty si teda športovkypa!
MAGDA Ale nie! Brat je vel’ký športovec. Hrá futbal,
hokej. Poznáš Igora?
PETER Nie, nepoznám. A máš aj sestru?
MAGDA Nie, nemám. Prečo sa pýtaš?
PETER Pretože to chcem vediet’!
MAGDA A ty máš brata?
PETER Áno, mám.
PETER Are you lazy?
MAGDA No. I like going for walks. And I run. And I
water.
PETER You’re a sportswoman then!
MAGDA I am not! (My) brother is a great sportsma
football, volleyball and (ice-)hockey. Do yo
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 PETER Because I want to know!
MAGDA And do you have a brother?
PETER Yes, I have.

Vocabulary
behat’ to run
hokej ice-hockey
chcem I want
chodit’ na prechádzky to go for walks
poznat’ to know (e.g. person
prečo why?
pretože because
pýtat’ sa to ask
športovec sportsman
športovkyňa sportswoman
teda then (= in that case
vediet’, viem to know (facts), I kn
voda, object form vodu water

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 Answer these questions based on the dialogue.

1. Má Magda sestru?
2. Má Peter brata?
3. Čo robí Magda rada?

Language points

Rodina ‘family’

We have begun to meet some of the commonest word

members. Here are some very basic terms to learn:
žena, muž woman, man (also: wif
dievča, chlapec girl, boy
matka, otec mother, father
sestra, brat sister, brother
dcéra, syn daughter, son
teta, strýko aunt, uncle
stará matka, starý otec grandmother, grandfat
vnučka, vnuk granddaughter, grands
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 rodič(ia), starí rodičia parent(s), grandparent
diet’a, deti child, children
príbuzný, -á a relative

To these we may add the more intimate terms:

mama, mami, mamka mum, mumm
otecko, ocko dad, daddy
stará mama, babka gran, granny
dedo, dedko grandad, gra

Note: dievča ‘girl’ and diet’a ‘child’ both count as ne

Thus you say: malé dievča, malé diet’a ‘a little gir
Strýko is, strictly speaking, ‘father’s brother’. Ujo
‘mother’s brother’. Children may call grown-ups ujo
‘aunty’.

Objects of verbs

The basic, dictionary form of a Slovak noun is the sub

called the ‘nominative’ case. This is used for naming,
subject (agent, doer) of a verb:
Otec varí. Father is cooking.
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 A noun directly affected by a verb is called its object.
often have to put such nouns into a special object for
‘accusative’. For example večera ‘dinner’ becomes v
Otec varí večeru. Father is cooking supp

The general rule is:

feminine and masculine animate nouns ending

most other masculine animate nouns:acc. -a
other feminine,all masculine inanimate and ne
unchanged

Nouns ending in -a

Feminine and masculine animate nouns ending in -a

accusative -u. Most typically they are feminine:
To je voda. That is water.
Nemáme vodu. We don’t have (any) w
Jana vidí Vieru. Jana sees Viera.
Viera nevidí Janu. Viera doesn’t see Jana

Nouns for masculine persons ending in -a behave the

To je kolega. That is a colleague.

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 Masculine animate nouns

Most other masculine animate nouns (masculine nou

and animals) have an accusative ending in -a:
Janko vidí Juraja. Janko sees Juraj.
Juraj nevidí Janka. Juraj doesn’t see Janko
Čo robí brat? What is (your) brother
Nemám brata. I don’t have a brother.

Some nouns drop an -e- or an -o- when any endings

To je Peter a Pavol. That’s Peter and Pav
Poznáte Petra a Pavla? Do you know Peter a
To je môj otec. That is my father.
Máte otca? Do you have a father

Note that byt’ ‘to be’ is not followed by the accusative

Juraj je muž. Juraj is a man.
Viera je žena. Viera is a woman.

Prepositions

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 They are followed by nouns in particular cases. For
meaning ‘onto’, or ‘for (a purpose)’ is followed by the
čakám na Vieru. I’m waiting for Viera

Of course, very often the noun is unchanged in the ac

Dávam obed na stôl. I give/put lunch onto th

Pre ‘for (the benefit of)’ and cez ‘through/across’ als

accusative:
To je kniha pre Vieru. That is a book for Vier
To je kniha pre Igora. That is a book for Igor
Most cez rieku. A bridge across the riv
Pozerám cez okno. I look through the win
Cez deň čítam. Through (during) the d

Knowing people and places

To say you know a person or place, you use the verb p

vediet’. (Vediet’ is for facts, information and skills.
Poznáte Bratislavu? Do you know Bratis
Štefana nepoznáte. You don’t know Šte

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 had clearly already been mentioned, and it was the m
whether you knew him that was important.)

Exercise 2

Complete the following as suggested and translate:

1. Vidím ______. (the river)

2. Varím ______. (lunch, supper)
3. Nemáme ______. (water)
4. Nemajú ______. (a teacher)
5. Nepoznajú ______. (Igor)
6. Vidíte ______? (brother)

Exercise 3

Say or write the following in Slovak:

1. I have a brother.
2. I don’t have a sister.
3. Eva doesn’t have a father.

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 6. Do you know Jozef?
7. Does Eva know Pavol?

Exercise 4

Translate and answer these questions (honestly!), in

sentences.

1. Beháte?
2. Plávate?
3. Máte rada/rád vodu?
4. Ste športovec/športovkyňa?
5. Chodíte na prechádzky?
6. Hráte futbal?
7. Ste lenivý/lenivá?
8. Poznáte dobre Bratislavu?

Dialogue 2

(Audio 1:41)

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 ANDREW Dobrý dep. Prepáote, hl’adám tu niek
neviem, či mám správnu adresu.
ŠABÍKOVÁ Koho hl’adáte?
ANDREW Nebýva tu Ivan Šabík?
ŠABÍKOVÁ Áno, ja som Šabíková. Ivan je môj syn
ANDREW Ja som Andrew Brown, anglický štude
náhodou po anglicky?
ŠABÍKOVÁ Nie, bohužial’. Hovorím len po sloven
ANDREW Moja slovenoina je vel’mi zlá, viete. U
krátko.
ŠABÍKOVÁ Ale hovoríte pekne. Máte peknú výslo
ANDREW Hello. Excuse me, I’m looking for som
don’t know if I have the right address
MRS ŠABÍ- Who are you looking for?
KOVÁ
ANDREW Does (lit. ‘Doesn’t’) Ivan Šabík live he
MRS ŠABÍ- Yes, I’m (Mrs) Šabíková. Ivan’s my so
KOVÁ are who?
ANDREW I’m Andrew Brown, an English stude
know English by any chance?

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 ANDREW My Slovak is very bad, you know. I’v
(lit. ‘I’m learning’) only for a short tim
MRS ŠABÍ- But you speak nicely. You have nice p
KOVÁ

Vocabulary
adresa address
či if, whether
hl’adat’ to look for
koho, acc. of kto who?
môj, f. moja my
náhodou by chance, m
niekoho, acc. of niekto someone
prepáčte excuse me
správny correct, righ
študent || študentka student
syn son
výslovnost’ pronunciatio
zlý bad

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 Which of these statements are true about Dialogue 2?
nie.

1. Andrew hl’adá Ivana Šabíka.

2. Ivan hl’adá matku.
3. Andrew je americký študent.
4. Pani Šabíková hl’adá niekoho.
5. Pani Šabíková vie len po anglicky.

Language points

Occupations

Slovak personal nouns usually have separate male an

forms. Female forms usually add the suffix -ka, e.g. r
riaditel’ka ‘manager, director’. Some terms for occu
(zamestnanie ‘occupation, employment’) are close
ones and easy to assimilate:
architekt || -ka architect
bankár || -ka banker
diplomat || -ka diplomat
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 inžinier || -ka engineer
manažér || -ka business manager
profesor || -ka professor, (secondary) te
sekretár || -ka secretary
žurnalista || -istka journalist

With others, note how groups of words have shared r

out for these family resemblances when encountering
lekár || -ka physician, doctor
liek a medicine
novinár || -ka journalist
noviny newspaper
nový new
právnik || právnička lawyer
právo law, justice, right but z
prekladatel’ || -ka translator
prekladat’ to translate
učitel’ || -ka teacher
učit’ to teach
učit’ sa to learn, study

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 robotník || robotníčka manual/industrial wor
robota work
robit’ to do, make, work
pracovník || pracovníčka worker (in a broader se
práca work
hudobník || hudobníčka musician
hudba music

Some terms have female forms ending in - (k)yňa:

sprievodca || sprievodkyňa guide
sprievodca also = guidebook
športovec || športovkyňa sportsman
šport sport
umelec || umelkyňa artist
umenie art
vedec || vedkyňa scientist/sc
veda science, sch
vedecký scientific, s
vediet’ to know

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 Like nouns, adjectives have only two distinct accusat
-á becomes accusative -ú:
To je dobrá voda. That is good wate
Máme dobrú vodu. We have good wa

Masculine animate -ý becomes accusative -ého:

To je dobrý otec. That is a good fat
Máme dobrého otca. We have a good fa

Remember, endings shorten after long vowels (the ‘r

To je správna adresa. That is the correct
Máme správnu adresu. We have the right

Feminine surnames

Feminine surnames ending in -ová behave like adjec

Surnames in -ý have female -á. Pani ‘Mrs’ is invariab
surnames:
To je pani Vilikovská. This is Mrs Vilikov
Poznáte pani Vilikovskú? Do you know Mrs

Pán Kováč a pani Kováčová nie sú doma.

Mr Kováč and Mrs Kováčová aren’t at home.
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 ‘Who’, ‘someone’ etc.

To ask ‘who?’ you use kto:

Kto je to? Who is it?

But if ‘who?’ is the object it becomes koho:

Koho hl’adáš? Who are you looking for?

Similarly, niekto changes to niekoho:

Je tam niekto? Is somebody there?
Hl’adám niekoho. I’m looking for someo

Other vital question words include čo ‘what?’, kde ‘w

kedy ‘when?’
Čo je to? What is that?
Kde je stanica? Where is the station?
Kedy máš čas? When do you have time?

‘Who’ and ‘which’

If ‘who’ has nothing to do with a question, but refers

noun, you use ktorý -á -é. Its gender form matches t
refers to:

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 Mám sestru, ktorá sa učí po anglicky.
I have a sister who is learning English.

If the noun is a thing, ktorý is ‘which’ (often omitt

Auto, ktoré má tvoj otec, je vel’mi dobré.

The car (which) your father has is very good.

In a question ktorý corresponds to ‘which?’, while

‘what kind of?’:
Ktoré je to auto? Which car is it?
Aké je to auto? What kind of car is i

Exercise 6

Complete the following as suggested and translate:

1. To je ______ voda. (good)

2. Ivan má ______ učitel’a. (good)
3. Eva nemá ______ adresu. (correct)
4. Poznáte pána ______? (Vilikovský)
5. Máte ______ výslovnost’. (nice)
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 8. ______ hl’adáš? (whom)
9. JANKO hl’adá ______. (someone)

Dialogue 3

(Audio 1:42)

Pani Šabíková asks about Andrew’s Slovak connectio

ŠABÍKOVÁ Nemáte náhodou manželku Slovenku?

ANDREW Nie. Nie som ženatý, ale mám sestru, kt
manžela Slováka, a brata, ktorý sa tiež u
slovensky. Máme dobrého priatel’a, ktor
inžinier a chce sa učit’ po anglicky. Volá
Nepoznáte ho?
ŠABÍKOVÁ Ale áno, Petra poznám dobre. Aj Ivan m
vel’mi rád. Učí sa už dlho, rád číta anglic
literatúru. Pod’te d’alej. Ivan je doma. P
Práve dávajú americký film.
MRS Do (lit. ‘Don’t’) you have a Slovak wife?
ŠABÍKOVÁ

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 Slovak. We have a good friend who’s te
an engineer and he wants to learn Eng
name’s Peter Botto. Don’t you know him
MRS But yes, I know Peter well. Ivan also lik
ŠABÍKOVÁ very much. He’s been learning (lit. ‘He
a long time now, he likes reading Engli
American literature. Come in. Ivan’s at
watching television. They’re just showi
an American film.

Vocabulary
americký American
dávat’ to give
ho him, it
chce s/he wants
inžinier engineer
ktorý m., ktorá f. who, which
literature literature
manžel husband
manželka wife

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 d’alej further
práve just, just now
priatel’ || priatel’ka (close) friend
učit’ to teach
už now, already
ženatý married (of a m

Exercise 7

Answer these questions based on the dialogue.

1. Je Andrew ženatý?
2. Čo číta rád Ivan?
3. Čo robí Ivan?

Unit Four
Idem do mesta
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 In This Unit you will Learn About:

more verbs in the present tense

how to talk more about places
noun cases in more detail
saying ‘please may I have’ etc.
saying ‘of’, ‘into’ and ‘out of, from’

Dialogue 1

(Audio 1:43)

Peter asks Jana where’s she’s going, and what Viera a

doing.

PETER Ahoj, Jana. Ako sa máš?

JANA Dobre. Kam ideš?

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 Zuzke.
PETER A Eva?
JANA Eva je v Trnave. Je na návšteve u kamaráta.
PETER Škoda.
PETER Hello, Jana. How are you?
JANA Fine. Where are you going?
PETER I’m going to town. Do (lit. ‘Don’t’) you know
is?
JANA Viera is in Bratislava. She’s buying a presen
going for dinner/supper to Zuzka’s.
PETER And Eva?
JANA Eva is in Trnava. She is on a visit at a friend
PETER A pity.

Vocabulary
darček present, gi
do (mesta) into/to (to
íst’/idem to go/I go
k (Zuzke) to (Zuzka’

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 kupovat’/kupujem to buy/I b
na (návšteve) on (a visit)
na večeru for dinner
návšteva a visit
potom then
škoda a pity
u (kamaráta) at (a friend
v (Trnave) in (Trnava

Exercise 1

True or false about Dialogue 1? (Áno/nie?)

1. Eva je v Bratislave.
2. Viera ide k Eve na večeru.
3. Peter kupuje daroek.
4. Peter ide do mesta.
5. Viera je na návšteve u kamaráta.

Dialogue 2
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 Then Peter asks what Jana is doing at the moment.

PETER Čo robíš? Máš chvíl’u čas?

JANA Upratujem byt, medzitým varím obed, pozerá
Potom idem do supermarketu. A tak d’alej.
PETER Ty nejdeš do roboty? Pracuješ, nie?
JANA Nie. Už mesiac nepracujem. Som ešte stále št
Študujem v Prahe medicínu. Teraz máme prá
PETER Aj ja študujem. Študujem v Bratislave ekonóm
PETER What are you doing? Do you have time for a
JANA I’m tidying the flat, and meanwhile I’m cook
watching television. Then I’m going to the su
And so on.
PETER You’re not going to work? You work, don’t y
JANA No. For a month already I haven’t been wor
‘I’m not working’). I’m still a student. I’m stu
medicine in Prague. Now we’re on holiday (
holidays’),
you know.
PETER I’m studying too. I’m studying economics in

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 a tak d’alej and so on
byt flat, apartm
ekonómia economics
ešte stále still
chvíl’u (for) a mom
medicína medicine
medzitým meanwhile
mesiac month, mo
nejdeš you don’t g
pracovat’/pracujem to work/I w
Praha Prague
prázdniny holidays
robota work
supermarket supermark
študovat’/študujem to study/I
teraz now
upratovat’/upratujem to tidy/I ti

Exercise 2

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 1. Peter varí obed.
2. Jana upratuje byt.
3. Peter ide do supermarketu.
4. Peter študuje v Bratislave medicínu.
5. Jana študuje v Trnave ekonómiu.

Language points

Verbs – e-type present tense

Many verbs have an e-type present tense, with endin

etc. A particularly regular type has infinitives in -ova
change to -ujem, -uješ etc., e.g. pracovat’ ‘to work
pracujem I work
pracuješ you work
pracuje (s)he works
pracujeme we work
pracujete you work
pracujú they work

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 repeat’, organizovat’/organizujem ‘to organise’. T
productive, and encompasses many recent verbs ado
languages, e.g. šoférovat’/šoférujem ‘to drive (a c
mailovat’ = [imejlovat’] ‘to email’, surfovat’ ‘to sur
‘to blog’ etc.

Verbs: revision

Most often the present tense of a verb can be predicte

infinitive, though not always, unfortunately. The mos
patterns are:

čakám, čakáš, čaká

infinitive -at’:
čakáme,čakáte,čakajú
robím, robíš, robí
infinitive -it’:
robíme, robíte, robia
pracujem, pracuješ, pracu
infinitive -ovat’:
pracujeme, pracujete, pra

‘To go’

Various unpredictable verbs belong to the e-type. On

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 ide s/he goes
ideme we go
idete you go
idú they go

The negative ‘not to go’ replaces i by j:

nejst’: nejdem, nejdeš, nejde …

Ide domov. He is going home.

Nejde domov. He isn’t going home.

Íst’ can also mean ‘to come’ – the movement can be

direction:
Ide tam. He is going there.
Ide sem. He is coming here.

Using other cases of nouns

Slovak nouns have to be put into different forms or c

purposes, as we have already seen. This feature of no
pronouns and adjectives) is called declension. Cases
hard for learners to master. We’ll try to keep it as sim
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 will usually indicate its overall declension type
the dative means ‘to/for’. It also follows k ‘tow
the locative follows prepositions, typically of lo
v ‘in’.
instrumental means the ‘means or instrument’
something is done. It also follows some prepos
relative location, e.g. za ‘behind, beyond’.

The basic case forms

There are two main sets of very basic case forms, one
nouns (e.g. Bratislava, rieka ‘river’), another for
masculine/neuter nouns (e.g. Trenčín, mesto ‘town
Here are the main basic forms of all the cases (note
locative ending is the same for both sets):

nominative rieka, mesto, Trenčín

Bratislava
accusative rieku, = nom.
Bratislavu
genitive do rieky, do do mesta, do
Bratislavy Trenčína

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 locative v rieke, v v meste, v
Bratislave Trenčíne
instrumental za riekou, za za mestom, za
Bratislavou Trenčínom

If you can learn this table at some point, it will help y

on. We’ll return to each of the cases in more detail in
following units.

Exercise 3

Translate these verb forms:

I work, you (sg.) smoke, they search, we give, they play,

we cook, they sleep, I go, they tidy, we study

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 (Audio 1:45)

Ondrej asks for some drinks and ice-cream in a snack

Note the accusative forms of items requested!

PREDAVAČKA Čo si želáte?
ONDREJ Prosím si jeden pomaranoový džús, d
zmrzlinu, šálku kávy a jednu kolu. A
PREDAVAČKA Biele alebo oervené víno?
ONDREJ Červené.
ASSISTANT What would you like?
ONDREJ Please may I have one orange juice,
creams, a cup of coffee and one cola.
wine.
ASSISTANT White or red wine?
ONDREJ Red.

Vocabulary
biely white
červený red
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 jedna, acc. jednu f. one
káva coffee
kola cola
pohár glass
pomaranč an orange
pomarančový orange adj.
prosím si please may I have
šálka cup
víno wine
pohár vína a glass of wine
zmrzlina ice-cream
dvakrát zmrzlinu (lit. ‘twice ice-cream’) = two ice
želat’ to wish
čo si želáte? what would you like? (lit. ‘what

There is a local brand of cola dating from the Commu

kofola, which still has many loyal fans. Prosím si j

Dialogue 4

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 A young man (mladý pán) comes into the snack bar
someone.

MLADÝ PÁN Prepáčte, neviete, či tu nie je pani Ho

Myslím, že tu pracuje. Mám tu odkaz
PREDAVAČKA Áno, mladý pán, pracuje tu. Aha, prá
št’astie. Dobrý dep, pani Horáková, m
Ja už idem domov. Do videnia.
YOUNG MAN Excuse me, do you know (lit. ‘don’t y
Mrs Horáková is (lit. ‘isn’t’) here? I t
works here. I have here a message fr
ASSISTANT Yes, young man, she works here. Ah
comes just now. You’re lucky. Good d
Horáková, you’ve got a visitor. I’m g
now. Goodbye.

Vocabulary
aha ah!
domov (to) home
jej her ( possessive
mysliet’/myslím to think/I think
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 Dialogue 5

(Audio 1:47)

Jana tells pán Botto about a friend she’s writing to.

JANA Kam idete, pán Botto?

BOTTO Idem do parku, ked’ je tak pekne. A vy, čo
píšete?
JANA Idem do záhrady. A píšem esemesku. Moja
píše, že je smutná, súrne potrebuje odo mp
BOTTO Ako sa volá vaša kamarátka?
JANA Volá sa Eva. Je to milé dievča. Mám ju vel’
BOTTO Kde býva?
JANA Teraz býva v Oxforde. Študuje tam ekonóm
BOTTO Vie po anglicky? Píše a hovorí dobre?
JANA Áno, samozrejme. Eva je totiž Anglioanka.
JANA Where are you going, Mr Botto?

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 writing?
JANA I’m going to the garden. I’m writing a text
My (girl)friend writes that she is sad, she
a couple of words from me.
MR What is your friend’s name?
BOTTO
JANA Her name’s Eva. She’s a sweet girl. I like h
MR Where does she live?
BOTTO
JANA Now she lives in Oxford. She’s studying ec
MR Does she know English? Does she write an
BOTTO
JANA Yes, of course. Eva’s English, you see.

Vocabulary
dievča n. girl
ju acc. her
milý dear
niečo something
odo mňa from me
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 písat’/píšem to write/I wr
potrebovat’/potrebujem to need/I nee
smutný sad
súrne urgently
totiž that’s to say,
váš, f. vaša your
vidiet’/vidím to see/I see
záhrada garden
že that …

Language points

‘What would you like?’ ‘Please may i have?’

Remember the common phrases Čo si želáte? ‘Wha

like?’ and Prosím si … ‘Please may I have … ?’
Both verbs attach the little word si, which means ‘f
(one)self’. Various other verbs also commonly appear
Kupuje si knihu. S/he buys ‘for herself’ a

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 Try not to confuse this word with the verb form si me
are’:
Si doma? Are you at home?

‘To write’

Another e-type verb is písat’ ‘to write’:

píšem I write
píšeš you write
píše s/he writes
píšeme we write
píšete you write
píšu they write

Note the short ending -u in píšu ‘they write’ (that ‘rh

again!)

Saying ‘of’

To say ‘of’ you basically use the genitive case on its ow

typically feminine -y, but masculine/neuter -a:
káva – šálka kávy coffee – a cup of
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 mlieko – pohár mlieka milk – a glass of

Notice the vowel shortening in chlieb – chleba. Thi

a few nouns before any case endings.

‘Into’ and ‘out of’

The genitive case follows do ‘into’ and its opposite z

rieka – do rieky, z rieky into the river, out
hotel – do hotela, z hotela into the hotel, out
auto – do auta, z auta into the car, out of

Z becomes zo before words beginning with z/s, ž/š:

záhrady ‘out of the garden’, škola – zo školy ‘out o

‘From’

The genitive also follows od ‘from, away from (a pers

List od učitel’ky, od učitel’a.

A letter from a female/male teacher.

Idú od rieky. They are coming from the rive

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 Many masculine inanimate nouns (for places, things
a genitive ending in -u (instead of -a). It is the same
dative:

dom, hrad, park, byt – Ide do domu, do hr

parku, do bytu.
S/he goes into the house, the castle, the park, the

This is generally rather unpredictable, and unfortuna

be learnt, though abstract masculine nouns on the wh
have -u. You should still be understood if you get this
(Unpredictable genitives are shown in the main Slova
glossary, e.g. klub, -u ‘club’, but stôl – stola ‘table’.

Genitive/accusative of masculine anim

The genitive and accusative forms of masculine anim

regularly identical. That even includes those with acc
such as kolega. Native surnames ending in -o such a
have accusative/genitive -u, rather unexpectedly.
Poznáte Igora, kolegu, You know Igor, [my
pána Bottu. Mr Botto.
Darček od Igora, kolegu, A gift from Igor, a c
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 Exercise 4

Add the correct forms of the place names and other n

suggested.

1. Prešov: Jozef ide do ______. Jozef je v ____

2. Trnava: Eva ide do ______. Eva je v ______
3. mesto: Ivan ide do ______. Ivan je v _____
4. supermarket: Viera ide do ______. Viera je v
5. Nitra: Igor ide do ______. Igor je v ______
6. Martin: Zuzana je v ______. Zuzana ide do _
7. Komárno: Juraj je v ______. Juraj ide do __

Exercise 5

Čo si želáte? What would you like? Reply, saying P

1. an ice-cream
2. a cola
3. a glass of milk
4. a cup of coffee
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 Exercise 6

Complete as suggested.

1. Idem do ______. (hotel)

2. Idú do ______. (garden)
3. Jana ide do ______. (park)
4. Eva býva v ______. (Oxford)
5. Pavol nemá ______. (ice-cream)
6. Želáte si ______? (coffee)
7. Eva ______ ______. (is writing a text mess
8. Pavol ______ ______. (is buying himself a

Dialogue 6

(Audio 1:48)

DUŠAN Novák meets pani Bottová at the tram stop. H

Petržalka, a large suburb of Bratislava across the Dan

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 BOTTOVÁ Dobre. Kam idete?
DUŠAN Idem do mesta. Práve čakám na električk
A poobede idem k tete do Trenčína. Ona
ktorá študuje angliotinu. Práve píše diplo
potrebuje pomoc. Nerada píše, ale teraz
BOTTOVÁ A vy, čo teraz robíte? Pracujete alebo štu
DUŠAN Som študent. Študujem angliotinu a nem
BOTTOVÁ Bývate tu niekde blízko?
DUŠAN Nie, teraz máme nový byt. Starý byt je hn
Moja sestra tam ešte stále býva. Nový by
d’aleko, za Dunajom, v Petržalke. A vy, č
BOTTOVÁ Som predavaoka. Predávam v supermark
DUŠAN Kde?
BOTTOVÁ V V meste. Práve teraz tam idem. Čakám
Škoda, že nemáme spoločnú cestu.
DUŠAN Hello, Mrs Bottová. How are you?
MRS Fine. Where are you going?
BOTTOVÁ
DUŠAN I’m going to town. I’m just waiting for t
the afternoon/after lunch I’m going to m
‘to’) Trenčín. She has a daughter who is

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 MRS And (what about) you, what are you do
BOTTOVÁ Are you working or studying?
DUŠAN I’m a student. I’m studying English and
MRS Do you live somewhere near here?
BOTTOVÁ
DUŠAN No, we have a new flat now. The old flat
the corner. My sister still lives there. The
rather far, over the Danube,in Petržalka
about) you, what do you do?
MRS I’m a shop assistant. I sell in a supermar
BOTTOVÁ
DUŠAN Where?
MRS In town. I’m just going there now. I’m w
BOTTOVÁ bus. Pity we aren’t going the same way
have a common journey’).

Vocabulary
autobus bus
blízko near, nearby
cesta road, journey

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 diplomová práca diploma work, thesis
dost’ fairly, rather; enough
električka tram, tramcar
hned’ at once, immediately
nerád, f. nerada doesn’t like
niekde somewhere
nový new
pomoc help
poobede in the afternoon (lit. ‘after l
predavač || -ka sales assistant
predávat’ to sell
roh corner
za rohom round the corner
spoločný common, shared
teta aunt

Exercise 7

Answer these questions about Dialogue 6.

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 3. Kde je jeho nový byt?

Unit Five
Chcem íst’ do kina
I want to go to the cinema

In this unit you will learn about:

saying ‘want’ and ‘can’

‘in’, ‘on’, ‘about’
giving ‘to’ or doing ‘for’
‘on’ versus ‘onto’, ‘in’ versus ‘into’
rooms and furniture

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 (Audio 1:49)

Janko invites Viera out, but she has other ideas.

JANKO Ahoj, Viera, Ako sa máš?

VIERA Dobre, Janko. Kam ideš?
JANKO Idem do mesta k bratovi. Varí obed. Nechceš
Práve čakám na autobus. Poobede ideme do
chceme íst’ plávat’.
VIERA Ale ja chcem íst’ do kina. Dávajú nový ameri
chcem vidiet’. Je vraj skvelý a vel’mi napínav
JANKO O čom je ten film?
VIERA O politike a o prezidentovi. Vystupuje tam m
herec a tiež jedna vel’mi krásna herečka.
JANKO Ktorá?
VIERA Nepamätám si jej meno. Večer idem na konc
Slovenská filharmónia. Hrajú Beethovena a S
JANKO Hello, Viera, how are you?
VIERA Fine, Janko. Where are you going?
JANKO I’m going to town to (my) brother’s. He’s co
Don’t you want to come with me? I’m just w
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 VIERA But I want to go to the cinema. They are sho
‘giving’) a new American film, which I want
apparently excellent and very exciting.
JANKO What is this film about?
VIERA About politics and about the President. My f
is performing there and also one very beaut
JANKO Which (one)?
VIERA I don’t remember her name. In the evening w
a concert. The Slovak Philharmonic is playi
playing Beethoven and Schubert.

Vocabulary
čo? – o čom? what? – about what
filharmónia Philharmonic
herec || herečka actor, actress
chciet’/chcem to want/I want
Janko = Johnny
jeden, f. jedna one
jej her ( possessive)
kino cinema
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 meno name
mnou, so mnou with me
napínavý exciting
o + loc. about
obl’úbený favourite
pamätat’ si to remember
politika politics
prezident president
skvelý splendid, excellent
ten, tá, to that, this
večer (in the) evening
vraj apparently, they say
vystupovat’ to perform

Exercise 1

Correct the following statements about Dialogue 1:

1. JANKO ide do záhrady.

2. JANKO ide k sestre.
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 Dialogue 2

(Audio 1:50)

Pani Bottová offers Peter Novák some food. Peter tur

special requirements. Note they are on vy terms.

BOTTOVÁ Čo si prajete na večeru, rybu alebo mäs

PETER Prepáčte, nejem ani ryby ani mäso. Som
Nemáte vajíčko alebo nejaký syr?
BOTTOVÁ Isteže máme. Nie je to problém. Čo si d
Kávu alebo čaj?
PETER Nemáte pivo alebo víno? Ja som totiž a
alkoholik!
BOTTOVÁ No dobre! Dáte si teda omeletu, syr a v
alebo biele?
PETER Červené. Ďakujem vel’mi pekne.
[later, when she brings the food]
BOTTOVÁ Nech sa páči. Dobrú chut’!

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 PETER Sorry, I don’t eat either fish or meat. I
vegetarian. Don’t you have an egg or
MRS Certainly we have. It’s not a problem.
BOTTOVÁ have to drink? Coffee or tea?
PETER Don’t you have beer or wine? I’m also
alcoholic you see!
MRS Well, fine! Will you have an omelette,
BOTTOVÁ wine then? Red or white?
PETER Red. Thank you very much.
[later, when she brings the food]
MRS Here you are. Good appetite!
BOTTOVÁ

Vocabulary
alkoholik || alkoholička an alcoholic
ani … ani neither … nor
čaj tea
čo si dáte? what will you have? (lit.
dobrú chut’! enjoy your meal! (lit. ‘go
isteže certainly
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 no dobre! well, fine!
omeleta omelette
pivo beer
priat’ si – čo si prajete? to wish – what do you w
problém problem
ryba, pl. ryby fish
syr cheese
vajíčko egg
vegetarián || -ka a vegetarian

Exercise 2

Correct the following statements about Dialogue 2:

1. Peter chce mäso.

2. Peter chce biele víno.

Language points

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 Chciet’ ‘to want’ is another e-type verb:
chcem I want
chceš you want
chce s/he wants
chceme we want
chcete you want
chcú they want

It is followed by verb infinitives or nouns:

Ak chceš, môžeš čítat’. If you want, you
Chceme íst’ do kina. We want to go to
Nechcú íst’ domov. They don’t want
Nechcem mlieko, chcem kávu. I don’t want milk
Čo chcete? What do you wan
Chcem nový bicykel. I want a new bik

Often it is more polite to say ‘wish’, using želat’ si or

si/prajem si:
Čo si prajete na obed? What would you like fo
Čo si želáte na pitie? What would you like fo

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 The locative case (basic ending -e) is used after sever
mostly for location, but also for time or topic:

v in, na on, pri beside/near, po along or after, o about

Igor býva v Prahe. Igor lives in Prague.
Kniha je na stole. The book is on the table.
Anna sedí pri okne. Anna is sitting beside/near t
Po obede spí. After lunch s/he sleeps.
Hovoríme o matke. We are talking about mother

V becomes vo before v/f, e.g. vo vode ‘in the water’.

‘To’, ‘Towards’

K, meaning motion to, towards (often to a person’s h

followed by the dative. Basic endings are feminine -e
masculine/neuter -u:
Ide k Viere. S/he is going towards Viera/to Vie
Ide k stolu. He goes to/towards the table.

K becomes ku, pronounced [gu], before k/g, e.g. ku

towards Katke’.

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 Note that nouns for males have a special masculine a
ending in -ovi:
Ideme k Petrovi. We are going to Peter’s.
Ideme k bratovi. We are going to (my) broth

This is also the locative:

Hovoríme o Petrovi. We’re talking about

Giving ‘to’, doing ‘for’

On its own the dative case means ‘to/for’, e.g. giving

‘for’:
Dávam Viere knihu. I’m giving a book to
Varím Igorovi obed. I’m cooking lunch fo

Note that in English instead of saying ‘to Viera’ and ‘f

can also say ‘I give Viera the book’ and ‘I cook Igor lu
conventionally called the ‘indirect object’ of the verb,
‘direct object’ (‘the book’, ‘lunch’ in the examples).
Some Slovak verbs are followed by a dative (indire
though ‘to/for’ is never used in English, e.g. pomáha

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 Exercise 3

Čo si dáte? What will you have? Complete the followi

suggested:

1. Máte … ? (cheese, tea, coffee)

2. Nemáte … ? (beer, wine, an egg, fish)
3. Prosím si … (an omelette, white wine)

Exercise 4

Complete as indicated and translate.

1. Varím ______ obed. (mother)

2. Pomáham ______. (Pavol)
3. Ideme k ______ na večeru. (Jozef)
4. Hovoríme o ______. (politics)
5. Jana hovorí o ______. (Juraj)

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 (Audio 1:52)

Zora Bednárová asks Peter Novák about the Rybár co

ZORA Kde je pán Rybár?

PETER Je v parku.
ZORA Poznáte ho dobre?
PETER Áno, pracuje v múzeu. Vidím ho dost’ často v
Niekedy sa stretávame v hoteli Carlton a obe
Alebo sedíme na námestí a hovoríme o politi
o umení. Je to vel’mi múdry, zaujímavý olove
ZORA A pani Rybárová čo robí?
PETER Pani Rybárová je doma. Nemôže pracovat’, le
vel’mi inteligentná a milá. Nemôže chodit’, a
pekne na klavíri. Ak chcete, môžeme tam nie
návštevu.
ZORA Dnes nemôžem, ale niekedy áno, vel’mi rada
PETER Aj vy viete hrat’ na klavíri?
ZORA Nie, ale hrám na gitare a rada spievam.
PETER Máte rada klasickú hudbu?
ZORA Nie. Mám radšej rockovú a l’udovú hudbu.
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 ZORA Do you know him well?
PETER Yes, he works in the museum. I see him quite
Sometimes we meet in the Carlton hotel, and
together. Or we sit in the square and we talk
about literature, about art. He is (lit. ‘It is’) a
interesting person.
ZORA And Mrs Rybárová, what is she doing?
PETER Mrs Rybárová is at home. She can’t work, be
She is very intelligent and sweet/nice. She ca
she plays the piano ( lit. ‘on the piano’) very
want, we can go there sometime on a visit.
ZORA I can’t today, but sometime yes, very gladly.
PETER Do you also know how to play the piano?
ZORA No, but I play the guitar and I like singing.
PETER Do you like classical music?
ZORA No. I like better (prefer) rock and (traditiona

Vocabulary
ak if
často often
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 gitara guitar
hotel hotel
chodit’ to walk
inteligentný intelligent
klavír piano
lebo because
l’udový folk- adj.
mám radšej I like better
môct’/môžem to be able/I can
múdry wise
múzeum – v museum – in the
múzeu museum
námestie (town) square
obedovat’ to have lunch
rockový rock- adj.
spievat’ to sing
spolu together
stretávat’ sa to meet
vážny serious
zaujímavý interesting
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 Exercise 5

Answer these questions about Dialogue 3.

1. Kde je pán Rybár?

2. Kde pracuje?
3. O čom hovoria Peter a pán Rybár?
4. Čo robí pani Rybárová?
5. Vie Zora hrat’ na klavíri?

Language points

Locative -u

After consonants k, h, ch and g (habitually called ‘ve

masculine/ neuter nouns extend the dative in -u to th
well:
park – v parku in the park
trh – na trhu ‘on’/at the m
Nemecko – v Nemecku in Germany
Rusko – v Rusku in Russia
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 how the -um is dropped!)

Soft Locative -i

Some nouns have a final ‘soft’ consonant, i.e. all thos

sign (č, ň, š, ž, and d’, t’, l’), plus c, dz, j. Often noun
or -l also count as ‘soft’.
These so-called ‘soft’ nouns have a ‘soft’ locative -i
masculine animate nouns, which keep their standard

gauč – na gauči koberec – na

on the couch on the carpet
kufor – v kufri bicykel – na b
in the suitcase on the bicycle
but: Ondrej – o Ondrejovi
about Ondrej

Neuters ending in -e also count as ‘soft’: pole – v po

Neuters ending in -ie have a long -í in the locative: n
námestí ‘on the square’.

‘On’ and ‘onto’, ‘in’ and ‘into’

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 When na means ‘on’ it takes the locative, but when
(with motion towards) it takes the accusative:
Kniha leží na stole. The book is lying on the
Dávam knihu na stôl. I give/put the book onto

However, for ‘in’ and ‘into’ you use different words. V

means location ‘in’, while do + genitive means ‘to, in
Marta je v Prešove. Marta is in Prešov.
Marta ide do Prešova. Marta goes to/into

Notice how with some places you say na ‘on’, ‘onto’:

Slovensko – Sme na We are in (lit. ‘on’) Slov

Slovensku.
Ideme na Slovensko. We are going to (lit. ‘on
Morava – Sú na Morave. They are in (lit. ‘on’) M
Idú na Moravu. They are going to (lit. ‘o
pošta – Sú na pošte. They’re at the post-offi
Idú na poštu. They’re going to the po

‘Can’, ‘be able’

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 môžeš you can
môže s/he can
môžeme we can
môžete you can
môžu they can

The short ending -u in môžu ‘they can’ again shows

law’ in operation. This verb is regularly followed by in
Nemôžem pracovat’. I can’t work. I’m not abl
Môžeš íst’. You can go.
Môžeme čakat’. We can wait.

Distinguish physical ability from ‘know how’:

Vieš čítat’. You can read (i.e. know how to).
Môžeš čítat’. You can read (i.e. have the possib

Rooms and furniture

If you’re going to make real progress with Slovak I’m

eventually you’re going to have to pick up rather a lot
domestic vocabulary. Hard work!

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 ‘hall of residence’. We hope it has a strecha ‘roof’, d
and at least one okno or oblok ‘window’, and mayb
kúrenie ‘central heating’.
Common izby ‘rooms’ are: kuchyňa ‘kitchen’, ob
room’, jedáleň ‘dining room’, spálňa ‘bedroom’, kú
‘bathroom’, and predsieň ‘hallway’. To which we ma
‘stairs’, and garáž f. ‘garage’.

In the kuchyňa you might like to have sporák, ‘a

chladnička ‘a fridge’, and drez ‘a sink’, with voda,
the kohútik ‘tap, faucet’, and there might be a práč
machine’ for washing your šaty ‘clothes’.

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 separate) záchod ‘a toilet/lavatory’ or WC [vétsé]. O
umývadlo you might expect to find zrkadlo ‘a mirr
In your obývačka, or jedáleň ‘dining room’ if you
might expect stôl ‘a table’, more than one stolička ‘
‘an armchair’, and gauč ‘a couch’ which might also b
On the podlaha (or dlážka) ‘floor’ it could be nice t
koberec ‘a carpet’, and maybe a pekný obraz ‘pret
the stena ‘wall’ (múr is a structural ‘wall’). Also tele
‘telephone’, rádio ‘radio’ and televízor ‘TV’.
Very tired, vel’mi unavený, or unavená, you lie
on your postel’ ‘bed’, gazing up at the strop ‘ceiling
kniha ‘book’ under the lampa ‘lamp’ on your nočn
‘night/bedside table’. Stick it in the knižnica ‘bookc
in the skriňa ‘cupboard, closet,’ and call it a day. Do
Good night!

Exercise 6

Where is something? Try to produce the correct phra

‘in’ (and translate them for yourself, using the list abo
points above on the locative case before attempting t

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 rádio, televízia

Exercise 7

For these places do the same, but say na ‘on’.

stena, podlaha, stolička, stôl, stolík, gauč;

záchod, internát (here English uses ‘in’)

Exercise 8

Write or say the following:

1. I don’t want tea, I want coffee.

2. Evička doesn’t want fish.
3. We want to go to the cinema.
4. What would you like to drink?
5. The coffee is on the table.
6. Father is talking about Igor.
7. Sometimes we help mother.
8. We are going to Katarína’s.

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 Exercise 9

Complete as indicated and translate.

1. Zora hrá na ______. (the guitar)

2. `Bývam v ______. (a hotel)
3. Eva sedí na ______. (the couch)
4. Múzeum je na ______. (the square)
5. Pavol dáva šálku na ______. (the carpet)
6. Šálka je na ______. (the carpet)
7. Ak chceš, ______ plávat’. (you can)
8. Viem, že Viera ______ písat’. (can)
9. ______ íst’ na koncert. (we can’t)
10. ______ íst’ do kina. (we want)

Dialogue 4

(Audio 1:53)

Evička is talking to her brother Janko.

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 JANKO Na stole, nevidíš ju? Matka, ked’ vidí nieko
podlahe, vždy to dáva na stôl. Ved’ ju pozná
upratuje.
EVIČKA Ja tak rada čítam na podlahe alebo na kober
JANKO A ja radšej čítam na gauči alebo v kresle. Ke
hodím knihu alebo časopis na gauč alebo do
ich tam mama necháva!
EVIČKA Čo robí otec?
JANKO Je v obývačke. Pozerá televíziu.
EVIČKA A mama?
JANKO Mama je v robote. To znamená, že dnes varí
EVIČKA Where is my book?
JANKO On the table, don’t you see it? Mother, when
something lying (lit. ‘to lie’) on the floor, sh
it on the table. I mean, you know her. She (
loves tidying up.
EVIČKA I so much like reading on the floor or on the
JANKO And I ňrefer reading on the settee or in the
Then when I throw a book or magazine on
into the armchair, mum leaves them there f
EVIČKA What’s father doing?
JANKO He’s in the living room. He’s watching telev
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 Vocabulary
časopis magazine
gauč settee, couch
hodit’ to throw
ich acc. them
ju acc. her/it
kniha book
koberec, -rca carpet
kreslo armchair
ležat’/ležím (!) to lie
mama mum
matka mother
mi to/for me
nechávat’ to let, to leave
obývačka living room
otec father
podlaha floor
stôl – stola table
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 vždy always
znamenat’ to mean

Unit Six
To je krásna dedina!
That’s a lovely village!

In this unit you will learn about:

‘by’, ‘with’ and ‘without’

‘in front of’, ‘behind’ etc.
the past tense forms of a verb
travel
the seasons and the weather

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 (Audio 1:54)

Mária asks Jozef Bednár about his country cottage.

MÁRIA To je vel’mi pekná fotografia. Ste naozaj skve

To je ale krásna dedina! Vy tam bývate?
JOZEF Hej, máme tam chalupu.
MÁRIA To je vynikajúce, to sa mi páči, bývat’ na vidi
JOZEF Chodíme tam na víkend a cez leto tam bývam
MÁRIA Je váš domček na fotografii?
JOZEF Tuná pod kopcom, medzi školou a námestím
kostolom. Vidíte?
MÁRIA Je to d’aleko?
JOZEF Nie. Tá dedina nie je d’aleko od Bratislavy. C
autom alebo vlakom. Cesta vlakom trvá len h

Vocabulary
ale – to je ale but – but that’s truly a …
dedina Village

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 fotografia Photograph
hej yes (coll.)
hodina Hour
chalupa Cottage
kopec, -pca Hill
kostol Church
leto Summer
medzi + ins. between, among
naozaj really
pod + ins. under, beneath
pol half
pred + ins. in front of, before
Škola school
ten, f. tá that
trvat’ to last
tuna over here
váš your
vidiek the country(side)
víkend weekend
vlak train
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 to sa mi páči
I like that

Exercise 1

Answer these questions based on Dialogue 1.

1. Kde je chalupa?
2. Ako tam chodia?
3. Ako dlho trvá cesta vlakom?

Dialogue 2

(Audio 1:55)

Pani Miková offers pán Král’ something to drink.

MIKOVÁ Čo si dáte na pitie, pán Král’? Kávu alebo č

KRÁL’ Prosím si kávu.
MIKOVÁ S mliekom alebo bez mlieka?
KRÁL’ S mliekom.

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 cukrom a bez mlieka.
MIKOVÁ A ja naopak kávu sladím a čaj pijem bez cu

Vocabulary
bez + gen. without
cukor, -kru sugar
Král’ = King, surname
mlieko milk
naopak on the contrary
no (mild) but
pit’/pijem to drink/I drink
s + ins. with
sladit’ to sweeten

Exercise 2

Correct these statements about pán Král’ to match D

1. Pán Král’ pije kávu s cukrom.

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 Dialogue 3

(Audio 1:56)

Pani Miková asks Peter Jones from London about his

MIKOVÁ Ste tu na Slovensku sám alebo cestujete s k

PETER Cestujem s bratom a so sestrou.
MIKOVÁ Kde sú teraz?
PETER Cestujú po Slovensku. Včera boli v Žiline a
Prešova.
MIKOVÁ Poznáte aj Českú republiku a Mad’arsko?
PETER Nie. Zatial’ sme boli len v Rakúsku, v Neme
Slovensku.
MIKOVÁ Ako sa vám tu páči?
PETER Vel’mi sa mi tu páči.

Vocabulary
boli they were

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 Mad’arsko Hungary
Nemecko Germany
páčit’ sa to please
Prešov Prešov
do Prešova to Prešov
Rakúsko Austria
republika republic
sám by oneself, alone
Slovensko Slovakia
včera yesterday
zatial’ so far, meanwhile
Žilina Žilina
v Žiline in Žilina
Ako sa vám tu páči? How do you like it here?
(lit. ‘How to-you here does
Vel’mi sa mi tu páči. I like it here very much.
(lit. ‘Very-much to-me here

Exercise 3
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 1. Peter cestuje s kamarátkou.
2. Sestra a brat boli včera v Poprade a dnes idú d

Language points

Pleasing and liking

By using páčit’ sa ‘to please/be pleasing’ you can exp

immediate response of liking or not liking than the m
habitual quality of mat’ rád ‘to like/love’:

Bratislava sa mi (ne)páči. Bratislava please

please me.
Mám/nemám Bratislavu I like/don’t like B
rád/rada.

Remember the common phrase we learned earlier (li

please’):
Nech sa páči. Please (help yourself, come in). Yo

The instrumental

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 feminine -ou, masculine/neuter -om:
vlak, auto – Cestujeme vlakom, We travel b
autom. by car.
nôž – Krájame chlieb nožom. We cut bre
pero – Píšeme perom. We write w
ceruzka – Píšeme ceruzkou. We write w
električka – Cestujeme električkou. We travel b

‘With’ and ‘without’

The preposition s ‘with’ also takes the instrumental, b

refers to accompanying something or someone:

brat – Cestujem s bratom. I’m travelling with

matka – Cestujem s matkou. I’m travelling with

(Brother/mother is obviously not the means of trav

S ‘with’ is also the opposite of bez ‘without’ (which re

genitive case):

mlieko – káva s mliekom – bez coffee with m

mlieka milk
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 S becomes so (pronounced [zo]) before s/z, š/ž, e
‘with sister’.

‘Behind’, ‘in front of’ etc.

One pair of contrasting prepositions followed by the

denotes location ‘behind’ or ‘in front of’ an object:

za behind (or beyond)

pred in front of (or before)

vlak – za vlakom behind the train

dom – pred domom in front of the ho

Another pair denotes location ‘below’ or ‘above’:

pod below
nad above

strom – pod stromom below the

rieka – nad riekou above the

Another such preposition is medzi ‘between’ (or ‘am

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 Jana a Pavol – medzi Janou a between Jan
Pavlom

Nouns of types námestie and pole

Neuter nouns like námestie ending in -ie have an in

ending -ím:

námestie – pod námestím beneath th

The remaining singular case forms are pretty much in

those of other neuter nouns. Compare them with the
soft neuter type pole ‘field’.

nom./acc. námestie pole

gen. námestia pol’a
dat. námestiu pol’u
loc. na námestí na po
ins. (s) námestím (s) po

At this point you may feel the need to go back and rev
forms of the other basic types of noun. ( You might fi

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 The seasons

Season is ročné obdobie (lit. ‘year period’). Sezón

some particular activity, e.g. divadelná sezóna ‘the
The four seasons are:

zima, leto winter, summer

jar, jeseň spring, autumn

Notice how you say ‘in …’ with these:

v zime, v lete in winter, in sum

but: na jar, na jeseň in spring, in autu

Leto is neuter, the rest are feminine. With od ‘from’

until’ you get:

od jari (!) do jesene from spring to autu

od zimy do leta from winter to sum

Note also the corresponding adjectives:

zimný kabát a winter coat

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 jesenná hmla autumn mist

Buying travel tickets

For travel vlakom ‘by train’ or autobusom ‘by bus’

lístok ‘ticket’, stating second or first class, druhá al
trieda, and often a seat reservation, miestenka (th
derived from miesto ‘place’).
A single, one-way ticket is jednosmerný lístok (
smer = ‘direction, way’), while a return, round-trip t
spiatočný lístok (lit. ‘back/return ticket’) or dvojs
(lit. ‘two-way ticket’). You could get your lístok like t

Prosím si jednosmerný lístok … I’d like a sing

ticket …
Prosím si spiatočný I’d like a retu
(dvojsmerný) lístok … ticket …
druhej/prvej triedy (of) second/fi
s miestenkou with a seat re
do Bratislavy, do Prešova … to Bratislava,
do Budapešti, do Viedne … to Budapest,

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 At the železničná/autobusová stanica ‘train/bus
out for the cestovný poriadok ‘timetable’ or the sig
‘arrivals’, Odchody ‘departures’, and of course try to
nástupište ‘platform’. Úschovňa is the ‘left-luggag
batožina ‘luggage, baggage’. Konečná stanica/za
‘terminus/last stop’.
For travelling lietadlom ‘by plane’, letenka is ‘ai
letisko ‘airport’. To go taxíkom ‘by taxi’ say: Na le
‘To the airport please!’

Exercise 4

Translate and reply to these questions as suggested.

1. Chodíte do roboty autom? (No, I go by bus.)

2. Kde je váš byt? (Our flat is on the square behi
3. Kde je kostol? (The church is in front of the sc
4. A kde je škola? (The school is between the cin
river.)
5. Ako chodíte do Prahy? (We go to Prague by tr
6. Cestujete sám/sama? (No, I’m travelling with
mother.)

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 9. Prosím? (A return ticket with a seat reservatio
please.)

Dialogue 4

(Audio 1:57)

Zuzana has been looking for Igor.

ZUZANA Kde ste boli včera poobede? Hl’adala som v

ale nikto nebol doma. Čo ste robili?
IGOR Išli sme všetci do mesta. Ja som sedel v buf
sa na skúšku. Pavol išiel do kina. Jana šla s
koncert. Otec so strýcom boli v krčme a ma
stretnutie s kamarátkou zo školy. Čakala si
ZUZANA Nie, len krátko. Čakala som pred domom c
nikto neprišiel, odišla som domov. Pozerala
a potom som hrala so sestrou šach.
IGOR A A Ako sa máš? Dobre?
ZUZANA Dnes som trochu unavená, lebo som včera
spat’ a cez týždeň musím zavčasu vstávat’.

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 doing?
IGOR We all went to town. I sat in the snack bar
for an exam. Ňavol went to the cinema. Ja
Viera to a concert. Father with uncle were
mum had a meeting with a friend from sch
wait for us for a long time?
ZUZANA No, only a short time. I waited in front of t
while, but when nobody came, I went off h
watched television and then I played chess
sister.
IGOR And how are you? Well?
ZUZANA Today I’m a little tired, because yesterday
late and throughout the week I have to get

Vocabulary
bol, pl. boli was, were
bufet snack bar, buffet
čakal(a) waited
hl’adal(a) looked for
hral(a) played

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 mal(a) had
nás acc. us
neskoro late
nikto nebol nobody was
nikto neprišiel nobody came
odišiel, odišla went away
pozeral(a) watched
prišiel, prišla arrived, came
robil, robili was, were doing
sedel(a) sat
skúška, na skúšku exam, for an exam
= I, you, we, you (+ pas
som, si, sme, ste
form)
stretnutie meeting
strýc uncle
šiel, šla, šli = išiel, išla,
went
išli
týždeň week
učil(a) som sa I studied
unavený tired

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 vstávat’ to get up
všetci all, everyone
zavčasu early

Exercise 5

Answer these questions on the dialogue above.

1. Kde bol Igor včera poobede?

2. Čo robil Igor?
3. Kam išiel Pavol?
4. Kam šla Jana?
5. Čo robila Zuzana?

Language points

The past tense

Slovak has only one basic way of forming the past ten
obtain the past tense form of a verb, you replace the -
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 čakat’ to wait čakal he waited, he was waiting
robit’ to do, work robil he did, worked, was doing
študovat’ to study študoval he studied, was study

This -l form agrees with its subject in gender as well

‘she waited’ you add -a, for neuter ‘it waited’ you add
plural ‘they waited’ you add -i:

(Igor, autobus) čakal. (Igor, the bus) he w

(Jana, električka) čakala. (Jana, the tram) sh
(Auto) čakalo. (The car) it waited
(Pavol a Jana) čakali. (Pavol and Jana) t

When the infinitive is -iet’ the past tense shortens th

sediet’ to sit
sedel, sedela he/she sat/was sitting

To indicate the subject persons ‘I’, ‘you’ and ‘we’, you

auxiliaries, the corresponding present tense forms of
‘to be’, namely som, si and sme, ste. This gives the
complete set of forms:

Čakal(a) som. I waited.

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 Čakalo. waited.
Čakali sme. We waited.
Čakali ste. You ( pl./formal sg.) wait
Čakali. They waited.

Word order

When som, si and sme, ste are used in past tense fo

normally come in the second possible position in a se
the subject pronoun is added for emphasis, you say:
Ja som čakal(a). I wait

And if there’s a question word or phrase at the head:

Ako dlho ste tam čakali? How long did you w

If the reflexive pronoun sa, si ‘one(self)’ is also used

comes after the auxiliaries som, si and sme, ste:

My sme sa učili. We studied/were studyin

‘Went’

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 Pavol (i)šiel domov. Pavol went/has gone
Jana (i)šla domov. Jana went/has gone h
(I)šli domov. They went home.

‘Didn’t go’ is nešiel:

Nešiel domov. Nešla domov. Nešli domov.

He/she/they didn’t go home.

‘Was’ and ‘had’

The past tense form of byt’ ‘to be’ is bol etc.

Bol/Bola doma. He/she was at home.

Neboli doma. They weren’t at home.
Nebol(a) som doma. I wasn’t at home.
Kde si bol(a)? Where were you? (sg.)
Kde ste boli? Where were you? ( pl./fo

The past tense form of mat’ ‘to have’ is mal etc.

Mal/Mala sestru. He/she had a sister

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 Nemali čas. They didn’t have ti

The Weather

Statements about the weather, počasie, often begin:

Je … /Bolo … It is … /It was …

Je pekne. Je krásne. It’s lovely. It’s beau
Je škaredo. It’s nasty weather. I
Je teplo, horúco. It’s warm, hot.
Bolo chladno. Bolo zima. It was cool. It was c
Vonku je tma. Outside it’s dark.
Bolo svetlo. It was light.
Dnes bolo slnečno. Today it was sunny.

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 Je veterno. It’s windy.
Je sucho. Je mokro. It’s dry. It’s damp.
Bola búrka. There was a thunde

Other expressions use various verbs:

Prší. It’s raining.

Sneží. It’s snowing.
Mrzne. It’s freezing.
Slnko svieti. The sun is shining.
Fúka vietor. A wind is blowing.

Note also these nouns: dážd’ ‘rain’, mráz ‘frost’, sne

vietor ‘wind’, slnko ‘sun’, predpoved’ počasia ‘w
(na dnes ‘for today’, na zajtra ‘for tomorrow’).

Oblačno až zamračené, miestami dážd’ ale

mrholenie.
2 až 8 °C (= dva až osem stupňov Celzia).
Cloudy to overcast, in places rain or drizzle. 2 to 8

Similar idiomatic phrases to the above combine je/b

with datives of the person, e.g. mi ‘to me’, ti ‘to you (

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 Je mi pekne/krásne. I feel fine/great. (lit.’It is t
fine/great.’)
Je ti (vám) Do you feel warm/cold?
teplo/zima?

Exercise 6

Put these sentences into the past tense, and then tran

1. Hl’adám sestru.
2. V lete neštuduješ.
3. Čo robíte na jar?
4. Pavol ide do kina.
5. Otec je v krčme.
6. Pozerám televíziu.
7. V zime hrajú šach.
8. Študujem medicínu.
9. Matka nemá byt.
10. Na jesep cestujeme.

Exercise 7
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 1. Pil(a) som kávu.
2. Eva čakala na vlak.
3. Pavol nebol doma.
4. Sestra bola unavená.
5. Škola bola na námestí.
6. Juraj sa uoil.
7. Išli spat’.
8. Otec nemal sestru.

Exercise 8

Complete these sentences, using forms of rieka, ško

dom, sestra, otec, námestie. Then put the senten
past and translate them.

1. Náš ______ je na ______ medzi ______ a

2. Môj ______ tam chodí autom, ale ______ c

______.

Exercise 9
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 1. t’s raining. I feel cold.
2. t’s nice. The sun’s shining.
3. t’s cold. It’s snowing.
4. It’s cloudy, but it’s hot.
5. It’s windy, but I feel warm.
6. It’s misty and it’s freezing.

Reading 1

Zuzka gets up and goes to work …

Každý dep Zuzka vstáva skoro ráno a ide do roboty. V

vracia, je už tma. Včera, ked’ šla do mesta, pršalo, bo
tma. Pred domom nebol nikto. Zastávka autobusu je
pod mostom Ako v tuneli. Vietor tam strašne fúka. N
čakala vel’mi dlho. Niekedy pozerala, Ako cez most p
vlak. Nudila sa. Rozprávala sa so susedou, ktorá čaka
elektrioku. Za susedou stál ešte jeden starý pán vo sv
d’alší sused. Vyzeral celkom veselo. Zuzke sa nechcel

Every day Zuzka gets up early in the morning and g

the winter, when she returns, it is already dark. Yes
she went to town, it was raining, it was still almost

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 waited for the bus a very long time. Sometimes she w
train going over the bridge (lit. ‘how a long train cro
bridge’). She was bored. She chatted with a (woman
who was waiting for the tram. Behind the neighbou
old man in a sweater, this was another neighbour. H
happy (lit. ‘merrily’). Zuzka didn’t feel like going to w

Vocabulary
Ako like (as if)
celkom quite, entirely
d’alší another, a further
dlhý long
ešte still
ešte jeden lit. ‘still one’, another,
fúkat’ to blow
každý each, every
most bridge
nudit’ sa to be bored
prechádzat’ to cross, go across/thr
pršat’, pršalo to rain, it was raining
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 skoro early
stát’, stál to stand, stood
sused m. || suseda f. neighbour
sveter, -tra sweater
takmer almost
tma darkness, dark
tunel tunnel
veselý – adv. veselo happy, merry
vietor – vetra wind
vo = v in
vracat’ sa/vraciam sa to return/I return
vyzerat’ to look (aňňearance)
zastávka bus/tram stop
zima winter, also: cold

Zuzke sa nechcelo íst’ do práce. Zuzka did not fe

work (lit. ‘To Zuzka it did not want itself to go to wor

Reading 2

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 Suseda vravela, že doma dnes nerapajkovali, cez týžd
vždy ponáhl’a do roboty, na rapajky nemajú nikdy oa
nerada takto ráno čaká , ale nemá inú možnost’. Sam
auto a ani si ho nemôžu dovolit’, lebo vôbec nemajú p
Autobus stále nešiel. O štvrt’hodinu suseda nasadla n
odišla. Jana čakala d’alej. Už nebola tma, ale bola zim
autobus prišiel. Jana mala naozaj radost’, lebo sa už z
do roboty príde neskoro.
Nasadla na autobus. Autobus sa ponáhl’al do mest
preplnený Ako vždy, takže Zuzka nemohla čítat’ novi
hustá hmla.

The neighbour said that at home today they didn’t h

through the week the family always hurry to work,
have time for breakfast. She awfully dislikes waiting
morning, but she hasn’t (any) other ňossibility. She
know how to drive a car and they can’t even afford o
they don’t have (any) money at all. The bus still didn
a quarter of an hour the neighbour boarded the tram
waited longer. It wasn’t dark now, but it was cold. F
came as well. Jana was really glad (lit. ‘really had jo
she was now beginning to be afraid that she would c
come’) to work late.

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 thick fog.

Vocabulary
ani ne … nor, not even
bát’ sa/bojím to be afraid/I’m
sa afraid
dovolit’ si to afford for oneself
hmla mist, fog
ho him/it
hustý thick
iný other
možnost’ possibility
napokon finally
nasadla boarded
nemohla couldn’t
nikdy never
noviny pl. newspaper
o štvrt’hodinu in (after) a quarter of an h
peniaze pl. money

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 prišiel arrived, came
pride will arrive, come
raňajkovat’ to have breakfast
raňajky pl. breakfast
rodina family
sám m., -self (as subject),
sama f. alone
stále nešiel still didn’t come
takto this way, like this
takže so that
viest’ auto to drive (lit. ‘lead’) a car
vôbec at all
vraviet’/vravím to say
začínat’ to begin

Unit Seven
Raňajky, obed, večera
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 In this unit you will learn about:

some words for eating and drinking

soft nouns in more detail
diminutives
place and motion
verbs for ‘take’ and ‘carry’
clothes, dressing, washing and the body

Dialogue 1

(Audio 1:59)

Eva and Juraj discuss breakfast and eating habits.

EVA Juraj, čo jedávaš na rapajky?

JURAJ Na rapajky jem chlieb so salámou alebo so sy

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 JURAJ Cez týždeň obedujem v univerzitnej jedálni.

Vocabulary
bud’ … alebo either … or
dám si I’ll give myself/h
džem jam
chlieb - chleba bread
jedáleň, -lne f. canteen, dining
jedávat’ to eat (repeated
jest’/jem to eat/I eat
Juraj = George
maslo butter
rožok, -žka pointed-shape r
saláma salami
univerzitný, f. loc. sg. -ej university adj.

Dialogue 2

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 What did Juraj’s canteen have for lunch yesterday?

EVA Čo si jedol včera?

JURAJ Včera sme mali zeleninovú polievku a kurča s
bravoový rezep a zemiAkový šalát.
EVA To máte teda skvelú jedáleň! Takmer Ako v r
JURAJ Naša jedáleňň je naozaj dobrá, hoci je aj pom

Vocabulary
bravčový rezeň pork schnitzel
drahý dear, expensive
hoci even though, alth
jedol ate
kurča n. chicken
pomerne fairly, relatively
reštaurácia restaurant
ryža rice
zeleninová polievka vegetable soup
zemiAkový šalát potato salad

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 (Audio 1:61)

And what does he do for food in the evenings?

EVA A večeriaš doma?

JURAJ Áno, ale len málo, fazul’ku s vajíokom, chlieb
tak. Alebo cestou domov si kupujem na ulici k
párok v rožku s horoicou. Potom pozerám ch
hned’ idem spat’. Cez týždeň vstávam skoro r
EVA Ale ty máš l’ahký život! Vel’a jedla – a málo p

Vocabulary
fazul’ka beans
horčica mustard
klobása sausage
l’ahký easy, light
málo little, few
párok, -rku frankfurter
ulica street

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 vel’a + gen. a lot of
život life

Language points

Meals, eating and drinking

The standard words for meals are:

raňajky (plural!) breakfast

obed lunch, midday meal
večera supper, evening mea

Note also the meal verbs raňajkovat’/raňajkujem

breakfast’, obedovat’/obedujem ‘to have lunch’, an
večerat’/večeriam ‘to have supper’.
Večerat’ has -ia- instead of -á- in the present tens
večeriaš … večerajú. Compare also vracat’ (sa) ‘to
vraciam (sa) … vracajú (sa).
The verb jest’ ‘to eat’ is a slightly irregular e-type:

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 je s/he eats (!) jedia they e

Try to distinguish je ‘eats’ from the identical je ‘is’ w

Usually the context should make it clear.
The past tense forms are: jedol, jedla, jedli ‘ate’.
For regular eating you can also say jedávat’/jedá
Dialogue 1.
The verb pit’ ‘to drink’ is a simple e-type:

pijem I drink pijeme we

piješ you drink pijete you
pije s/he drinks pijú the

The past tense forms are: pil, pila, pili ‘drank’.

Soft feminine nouns

Soft feminine nouns, e.g. ulica ‘street’, have a soft co

their final -a. They have a special genitive ending -e.
various singular forms:

genitive -e do ulice into the s

dative/locative -i k ulici towards t
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 Nouns in -ia (pronounce [ija]) also count as soft, e.g.
‘restaurant’:

do reštaurácie [-ije], v reštaurácii into, in th

Some soft feminine nouns end in a consonant, e.g. po

kaviareň ‘café’, vináreň ‘wine bar’ and other such n
suffix -eň:

Idem do kaviarne. I’m going to th

Sedím v kaviarni, pred I’m sitting in, i
kaviarňou. café.

Another special group of feminine nouns ending in -o

others) have a genitive ending -i, the same as the dat
e.g. radost’ ‘joy, happiness’:

vel’a radosti lots of joy

Look out for these soft feminine nouns in the vocabu

Diminutives

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 personal nouns are often diminutives. The genders o
regularly match those of their simple nouns. These d
typically characterised by the suffixes -k, -ka, -ko. ‘D
diminutives are characterised by the suffixes -ček, -č
Masculine ones end in -ík/-ik, -ek, -ok, -ko (for p
-ček:

pohár – pohárik a littl

stôl – stolík small
pes – psík, psíček little
vták – vtáčik little
kus – kúsok, kúštik, kúštiček little
otec – otecko, ocko Dad
Ján – Janko, Janíčko or Janíček (little
dom – domček little

Feminine ones end in -ka or -(i)čka:

kniha – knižka little boo

ulica – ulička small str
ruka – ručička little han
mama – mamka, mamička Mum, M

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 Neuters end in -Čo or -(e)čko:

okno – okienko little win

mesto – mestečko little tow
slovo – slovíčko little wo
víno – vínko/vínečko (nice) w
pivo – pivečko (nice) be

Some adjectives and other words can also form dimin

similar connotations:

malý – maličký (nice) lit

trochu – trošku, trošíčku (just) a l

Often diminutive nouns are used in specialised sense

list a leaf, a letter lístok little leaf = ticket,

lístok menu
ruka hand ručička little hand = clock
roh horn, corner rožok, rožtek little horn/corner
bread roll
strom tree stromček little tree, vianoč
Christmas tree
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 Exercise 1

Čo ste jedli? What did you eat? Reply as suggested.

1. pork schnitzel and potato salad

2. a frankfurter in a roll with mustard
3. fish and bread with butter
4. vegetable soup, fish, and bread with cheese
5. chicken with rice and ice-cream
6. beans with an egg and a roll with jam

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with words for canteen, street, coffe

mustard, restaurant and café.

1. Cez týždeň obedujem v ______, ktorá je vel’m

takmer ako v ______.
2. Niekedy chodím do ______ a pijem čaj, ___
pohárik ______.
3. Cestou domovo si kupujem na ______ klobá
______.

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 Translate and then put into the past tense.

1. They eat in the hotel or in a restaurant.

2. We have lunch in a café.
3. Then we have supper at home.
4. For breakfast I eat bread with cheese or with j
5. I drink coffee and tea with sugar and with mil
6. The restaurant is good, although it is also fair

Exercise 4

Identify and translate the simple words from which t

diminutives are derived.

okienko, domček, lístok, ručička, kúštik, slovíčko

psíček, trošíčku, rožok, pivečko

Dialogue 4

(Audio 1:62)
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 PAVOL Kde je Janko? Nevidel som ho hádam celý m
EVA Je vonku. Včera cez dep pršalo. JANKO sede
noviny a počúval rádio. Dnes chcel íst’ von. T
Otec ho tam viezol asi pred hodinou autom. Š
Carltonu. Má tam v kaviarni schôdzku s kam
PAVOL Kto je to?
EVA Američanka, volá sa Katka. JANKO ju učí slo

Vocabulary
celý (a) whole
Katka = Katy
kaviareň, -rne f. café
pred hodinou an hour ago (lit. ‘before an h
schôdzka meeting
viezol drove, took
von out (motion out)

Dialogue 5

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 And what about Eva’s sister Ol’ga?

PAVOL A Ol’ga? Nie je chorá? Volala mi včera a pove

necíti dobre. Uoila sa na skúšku a sedela v kn
dlho.
EVA V noci ju bolela hlava. Celú noc nespala. Tera
spálni. Niekedy, ked’ je chorá, berie si knihu
teraz asi nečíta. Práve pooúva rádio, lebo spi
obl’úbený spevák. Nepoznáš túto slovenskú p

Vocabulary
asi probably, abo
boliet’ to hurt
brat’/beriem to take
cítit’ to feel
hlava head
hore up, upstairs
knižnica library
noc, -i f night
pieseň, -sne f. song
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 spálňa, -lne f. bedroom
spevák || spevačka singer
táto f., túto acc. this
zasa, zase again

Dialogue 6

(Audio 1:64)

And Eva’s mother?

PAVOL Kde je tvoja mama? Hádam v kuchyni?

EVA Nie. Sedí v jedálni. Pozerá televíziu, volá tete
časopis. Aha! Teraz ide sem do izby.
PAVOL Idem hore, dobre? Potrebujem sa s Ol’gou po
Nesiem jej darček, len takú maličkost’.
EVA Odkial’ vieš, že má dnes narodeniny?
PAVOL Sama mi to povedala. Neberie ma síce vážne,
mám predsa len vel’mi rád.

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 izba room
jedáleň, -lne f dining room
kuchyňa kitchen
maličkost’ a little/trivial thing, trif
narodeniny pl. birthday
niest’/nesiem to carry, bring
Odkial’? where from?
porozprávat’ sa to have a talk
predsa len anyway, after all
sem here ( motion towards)
síce … ale … (albeit) … , however …
taký such a, this kind of
vážny – vážne serious – seriously

Language points

Talking about place and motion

A distinction in meaning between place and motion t

is found in some closely related pairs of words. For e
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 Je tu. S/he is here.
but: Ide sem. S/he is coming here.

Sedí doma. S/he is sitting at home

but: Ide domov. S/he is going home.
Je vonku. S/he is outside.
but: Ide von. S/he is going out(side)

Some speakers use kde instead of kam. Other words

make no distinction of meaning here:

Je dnu. He is in/inside.
Ide dnu. He goes in/inside.

Je preč. He is away.
Ide preč. He goes away.

Je hore. He is upstairs/up.
Ide hore. He goes upstairs/up.

Je dolu/dole. He is downstairs, down belo

Ide dolu/dole. He goes downstairs, down.

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 ‘Take’ and ‘carry’

Some verbs have -ie- instead of -e- in the present ten

person plural -ú. We’ll call these standard ie-type ve
basic verbs belonging to this type have monosyllabic
these need to be learnt individually. Here are two ess

brat’/beriem to take
niest’/nesiem to carr

Another two are easy to confuse, but also vital:

viezt’/veziem to convey (= take by vehicle)

viest’/vediem to lead

The parallel present tense forms of these verbs are:

brat’ to take niest’ to carry viezt’ to convey

beriem nesiem veziem v

berieš nesieš vezieš v
berie nesie vezie v

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 berú nesú vezú v

Where infinitive -t’ follows a consonant, as in niest’,

viest’, the masculine singular past tense form ends i

Niesol (viezol) kufor. He carried (conveyed) th

Viedol Ivana do izby. He led Ivan into the roo

The other past tense forms drop the -o-, replacing -o

and -li:

Niesla kufor. She carried the suitca

Viedli Ivana do izby. They led Ivan into the

All of the above verbs may often be translated as ‘tak

meaning of which is very broad):

Beriem knihu zo stola. I take/pick up the book

Nesiem obed do izby. I take/carry the lunch in
Veziem Ivana do mesta. I take/convey Ivan into
Vediem Ivana do izby. I take/lead Ivan into the

Viest’ ‘to lead’ can also mean ‘to drive (a car)’:

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 ‘Washing’ and ‘getting dressed’

Verbs often have the reflexive pronoun sa ‘(one)self’

the action is devoted to the subject/self, e.g. with um

Umývam sa. I wash. I wash mys

but: Umývam riad. I wash the dishes.

When the action is devoted to the subject/self, but th

direct object, sa is replaced by si ‘to/for (one)self’:

Umývam si ruky.
I wash my hands (lit. ‘I wash to myself the hands

The same happens with obliekat’ ‘to dress, put on’,

‘to undress, take off’:

Obliekam sa. I dress myself, get dressed

clothes.
Obliekam si kabát. I put on my coat.
Pavol sa vyzlieka. Pavol gets undressed, take
clothes.

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 Similarly, with obúvat’ ‘to put on shoes’, and zobúv
shoes’:

Obúvam sa. Obúvam si topánky. I put o

Zobúvam sa. Zobúvam si topánky. I take o

Clothing and parts of the body

The reading text below is partly about šaty ‘clothes’,

wear oblečenie ‘clothing’ over your telo ‘body’, let’s
some basic words for both topics. You may not be abl
this list now, but you can use it for revision and furth
building later.
Out of doors, you might wear a kabát ‘coat’, sAko
bunda ‘rain jacket, anorak’. You might have a dáždn
in your ruka ‘hand’, and rukavice ‘gloves’ on both r
keep your prsty ‘fingers’ warm. On your hlava ‘head
have klobúk ‘a hat’ or čiapka ‘a cap’ to cover your v
uši ‘ears’ (ucho ‘ear’). You might also be wearing ok
on your nos ‘nose’, for the sake of your oči ‘eyes’ (oČ
your krk ‘neck’ you might have a šál ‘scarf’.

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 biele zuby ‘white teeth’ and ružový jazyk ‘pink ton
You might have an oblek ‘suit’ over your plecia ‘s
also ramená, ‘properly’ ‘upper arms’). Alternatively
a sveter ‘sweater’ or pulóver ‘pullover’ round your
and hrud’ or prsia ‘chest’. Below the pás ‘waist’ or
have nohavice ‘trousers’ on your nohy ‘legs’, or suk
your nohy ‘legs’, including ‘feet’, which also have pr
same as fingers, you might be wearing ponožky ‘soc
(podkolienky if up to your kolená ‘knees’) and top
maybe sandále ‘sandals’ or čižmy ‘boots’. You are p
wearing a košel’a ‘shirt’ or blúzka ‘blouse’, unless y
šaty ‘a dress’ (also ‘clothes’ in general). Alternatively
wearing some kind of džínsy ‘jeans’ and tričko ‘T-s

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 ‘undershirt’, pančuchy ‘stockings’ and pančuchov
pančucháče ‘tights’, and spodná bielizeň, ‘under
general. On their zadok ‘backside’ men may wear sli
trenírky/ trenky ‘boxer shorts’ (spodky are old-fa
‘underpants’), women nohavičky ‘knickers’. Babies
other things, plienky ‘nappies, diapers’.
Bielizeň is also ‘bedlinen’ (also, ‘incorrectly’, prád
takes us back to postel’ ‘bed’, pyžama ‘pyjamas’ and
košel’a ‘night shirt’. Maybe it’s high time to rest you
kosti ‘tired bones’, restore your krv ‘blood’, and refr
unavený mozog ‘tired brain’. It’s all too much for t
srdce ‘heart’.

Exercise 5

Translate.

Jozef is out. Yesterday it rained. He sat at home, read th

listened to the radio. Today he wanted to go out. Now h
went to the Carlton. He has a meeting in the café with a
She’s an Englishwoman. Her name’s Andrea. Jozef is te
Slovak.

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 Complete with the words suggested and translate.

1. Sedela v ______. (the library)

2. Je hore v ______. (the bedroom)
3. JANKO je v ______. (bed)
4. Otec bol v ______. (the kitchen)
5. Pozeral ______. (television)
6. JANKO si ______ sveter. (puts on)
7. Jozef si ______ ruky. (washes)
8. Eva si ______ kabát. (takes off)
9. Viera si ______ topánky. (takes off)
10. Igor si ______ topánky. (puts on)

Reading 1

Getting up in the morning and going to work …

V spálni je tma. Práve zvoní budík. Je ráno. Pavol Pet

do kúpel’ne. Berie mydlo a umýva sa. Potom berie žil
(aleboholiaci strojoek) a holí sa. Vracia sa do spálne,
pyžamu, oblieka si slipy, košel’u, nohavice a ponožky
dolu do kuchyne. V kuchyni si pripravuje čaj (alebo k

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 džemom). Upratuje v obývaoke. Umýva v kuchyni ria
do predsiene, obúva si topánky, oblieka si pulóver, sA
bundu a beží von. Musí bežat’, lebo je neskoro, ponáh

Vocabulary
bežat’/bežím to run
budík alarm clock
bunda rain jacket, anorak
dolu down, downstairs
holiaci strojček shaver
holit’ sa to shave oneself
kabát coat
košel’a shirt
krajec slice
kúpel’ňa bathroom
mydlo soap
nohavice pl. trousers
obliekat’ to put on (clothes)
obúvat’ to put on (shoes)

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 pulóver pullover
pyžama sg. pyjamas
riad dishes
sAko jacket
slipy briefs, underpants
šunka ham
topánky shoes
umývat’ to wash
vyzliekat’ to take off (clothes)
zvonit’ to ring
žiletka razor-blade

Reading 2

Work and coming home …

V práci sa vel’mi nudí. kasto telefonuje. Obeduje s ko

reštaurácii. Píše dlhú správu o ceste do Prešova. Veoe
unavený, vyzerá zle. Otvára dvere, ide dnu, zatvára, v
kabát alebo bundu, nalieva si pohárik slivovice. Sadn
(Niekedy, najmä ked’ je trocha nahnevaný, namiesto
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 má robit’. Ide hore. Je už takmer tma.

Vocabulary
čo má robit’ what he should do
dnu inside, in
dvere pl. door
fl’aša bottle
kolega || colleague
kolegyňa
nahnevaný angry, cross
nalievat’ to pour out
namiesto + gen. instead of
otvárat’ to open
počut’, počuje to hear, s/he hears
pohárik dim. small glass
preto so, therefore
priamo straight, directly
sadne si s/he sits down
slivovica plum brandy

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 tichý quiet
zatvárat’ to close

Unit Eight
Chcela napísat’ e-mail
She wanted to write an email

In this unit you will learn about:

verb pairs
the future
telephone phrases
the days of the week
saying ‘would like’ and ‘could’

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 (Audio 1:65)

Elena doesn’t know what to put in an email to Martin

ŠTEFAN Čo si dnes robila? Čítala si?

ELENA Nie. Chcela som, ale nemala som čas.
ŠTEFAN Ved’ si povedala, že si chceš čítat’ ten nový a
román, ktorý ti dal Martin.
ELENA Čítala som ho včera. Už som ho aj prečítala.
Martinovi e-mail. Chcela som mu pod’Akov
ŠTEFAN Ty si ten e-mail už napísala? Chcel som s te
kina. Dávajú výborný taliansky film.
ELENA Neviem, čo mám Martinovi písat’. Prečítam
posledný e-mail. Asi je do mňa zal’úbený. C
niečo písat’ o politike, o situácii na Slovensk
somsi povedala, že Martin o politiku vôbec

Vocabulary
dat’ pf. of dávat’ to give/pu
e-mail ňronounced [imejl] email
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 posledný last
povedat’/poviem pf. to tell/I’ll
prečítat’/prečítam pf. to read/I’l
román novel
situácia situation
taliansky Italian
tebou, s tebou with you
ti to/for you
výborný excellent
za tú knihu for that bo
zal’úbený in love
záujem o + acc. (!) interest in

Dialogue 2

(Audio 1:66)

Štefan suggests writing about a funny incident when

their friend Mišo (= Mick; Michal = Michael).

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 dobré, chceli sme urobit’ naozaj chutnú več
napokon sme uvarili niečo, čo sa vôbec ned
ELENA Urobili sme totiž jednu malú chybu.
ŠTEFAN Áno. Dali sme do vody privel’a soli. Mišo bo
hladný, ale zjedol len malý kúsok a hned’ m
záchod.
ELENA Hej, bolo to vel’mi smiešne! Potom sme šli d
Mišo zjedol strašne vel’a a vypil celú fl’ašu v
ŠTEFAN Napokon všetoo musel zaplatit’ sám, lebo m
peniaze!
ELENA A Mišo tak nerád platí! Štefan, to je skvelý n
E-mail napíšem zajtra, lebo teraz radšej ide
kina.

Vocabulary
hladný hungry
chutný tasty
chyba mistake
kúpit’ pf. to buy
kúsok, -ska piece
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 nedalo sa it wasn’t possib
nedávno not long ago, re
opitý drunk
platit’ to pay
pozvat’ pf. to invite
privel’a + gen. too much
smiešny funny
sol’ – soli f. salt
urobit’ pf. to do, make
uvarit’ pf. to cook
vd’aka thanks
všetko everything
vypit’ pf. to drink
záchod WC, toilet, lavat
zajtra tomorrow
zaplatit’ pf. to pay
zjest’/zjem – zjedol pf to eat up – ate u

Language points
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 Slovak verbs mostly come in pairs: one imperfective,
perfective. Both verbs mean basically the same, but d
– basically whether their sense is seen as completed o
An imperfective verb denotes ongoing or general a
verbs in previous lessons were nearly all imperfective
A perfective verb denotes a complete act (or a com
acts).
To make písat’ ‘to write’ perfective you add the pr
(meaning ‘on, onto’). Compare:

Chcem písat’ romány. I want to write novels. (a

Chcem napísat’ román. I want to write a novel. (

There are two main types of pair: prefix and suffix pa

In prefix pairs the perfectives add a prefix to the si
imperfectives, as in písat’ – napísat’ ‘to write’. The
more or less unpredictable for beginners, though late
possible to observe many parallels and analogies. In
2 you will find these examples:

pre-čítat’ to read (through)

po-d’Akovat’ to thank
u-robit’ to do

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 vy-pit’ to drink (up)
z-jest’ to eat (up)

In suffix pairs the two forms end differently, with dif

as in dávat’ – dat’ ‘to give, put’, kupovat’ – kúpit’
pozývat’ – pozvat’ ‘to invite’. Generally, as in these
imperfective is here the longer form of the two.

The past tense with verb pairs

Perfective and imperfective verbs form past tenses in

but differ in their precise meaning.

Písal som referát. I wrote/was writing a paper.

Napísal som I wrote/have written a paper
referát. act)

English has a wide range of past forms with different

‘Was writing’ can be treated as generally imperfective
can easily correspond to either aspect.

Včera písala referát. Yesterday she was writin

Písala ho celý deň. She was writing it/wrote
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 Present versus future

Only imperfectives have a present tense which refers

actually going on now. The present tense forms of pe
regularly future in meaning! Compare:

Píšem list. I am writing a letter. (proces

Zajtra napíšem Tomorrow I will write anothe
d’alší. (complete act)
Kupujem si I am buying (myself) an air t
letenku.
Zajtra si kúpim Tomorrow I will buy a suitca
kufor.

However, a present perfective can sometimes corresp

English present, if referring to a complete action:

Niekedy prečíta celú knihu!

Sometimes s/he reads a whole book!

‘Would’, ‘would like’ and ‘could’

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 Chcel(a) by som hovorit’ s pánom Kováčom
I would like to speak to (lit. ‘with’) Mr Kováč.

This construction containing the idea of ‘would’ is ca

conditional. To form the conditional of any verb you
past tense forms (which may be either imperfective o
You place this conditional by in second position, and
som, si, sme or ste, e.g.

Čo by ste robili? What would you do

Kam by ste šli? Where would you g
Šli by sme domov. We would go home

The conditional can also express a polite request:

Preložili by ste mi toto slovo?

Would you translate this word for me?

For a polite ‘could’ (instead of ‘can’) expressing such

add by to the past tense of môct’ ‘to be able’:

Mohol by/Mohla by som hovorit’ s pánom

Could I speak to Mr Kováč?
Mohli by sme hovorit’ s pani Vizárovou?

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 Mohol by also means ‘he would be able’.

Mohol by som to urobit’ zajtra.

I would be able/could do it tomorrow.

Exercise 1

Give perfective infinitives of these verbs:

varit’, pit’, platit’, jest’, robit’, písat’

Exercise 2

Give both infinitives of the verbs suggested:

to buy, to give, to invite, to read, to thank

Exercise 3

Complete as suggested and translate.

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 3. Mišo ______ strašne vel’a. (has eaten)
4. Eva ______ fl’ašu vína. (has drunk)
5. Mišo a Eva ______ celý deň. (were drinking)
6. Brat ______ naozaj chutnú večeru. (has cook
7. Sestra ______ jednu vel’kú chybu. (has mad
8. Otec mu ______ pekný list. (will write)
9. Zajtra mu ______ za tú knihu. (I will thank)
10. ______ hovorit’ s pani Vilikovskou? (could I
11. ______ hovorit’ s pani Bednárovou. (I would

Dialogue 3

(Audio 1:67)

Peter Miko speaks to pani Nováková on the phone.

NOVÁKOVÁ Haló?
PETER Pani Nováková?
NOVÁKOVÁ Áno, pri telefóne. Kto volá?
PETER Miko. Peter Miko. Mohol by som hovor
Petríkom? Napísal som mu pred viac ak

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 PETER A neskôr?
NOVÁKOVÁ Nebude doma celý deň. Je na konferen
PETER Aha, rozumiem. Kedy sa vráti, pani Nov
NOVÁKOVÁ Povedal, že sa vráti v pondelok večer, m
neskoro v noci.
PETER Dobre.
NOVÁKOVÁ Mám mu niečo odkázat’?
PETER Ehm … nie. Nie je to vel’mi dôležité. Za
niekedy cez týždeň.
NOVÁKOVÁ Určite? Poviem mu, že ste volali.
PETER Vel’mi pekne vám d’akujem. Prepáčte, ž
obt’ažoval.
NOVÁKOVÁ Nič sa nestalo. Do videnia.

Vocabulary
dôležitý important
dostat’ pf. to get
dúfat’ to hope
ehm um, h’m

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 konferencia conference
mu to/for him
nebude he won’t be
neskôr later
nič sa nestalo nothing happened, don’
obt’ažovat’ to bother, trouble, be a n
odkázat’/odkážem pf. to give a message
pondelok, v pondelok Monday, on Monday
pri telefóne speaking (lit. ‘at the pho
určite definitely
viac ako more than
Viedeň, -dne f. Vienna
vrátit’ sa pf. to return
zavolat’ pf. to call, phone
žial’bohu unfortunately

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 Dialogue 4

(Audio 1:68)

Peter rings up again a few days later.

PETER Haló? Pani Nováková?

NOVÁKOVÁ Áno, kto volá?
PETER Peter Miko. Spomínate si, volal som vám
NOVÁKOVÁ Áno, spomínam si.
PETER Vrátil sa už pán Petrík? Chcel by som sa
stretnút’. Ide o dost’ dôležitú vec.

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 PETER Kedy sa vráti?
NOVÁKOVÁ Neviem presne. Myslím, že zajtra alebo
PETER Neviete, či príde vel’mi neskoro?
NOVÁKOVÁ Dúfam, že nie, ale obávam sa, že áno. V
neskoro v noci. Má privel’a práce.
PETER Dobre, zavolám pozajtra. Nebude vám t
NOVÁKOVÁ Nie, je to v poriadku. Poviem pánu Petr
opät’ telefonovali.
PETER Ďakujem vám pekne. Do videnia.
NOVÁKOVÁ Do videnia.

Vocabulary
ide o + acc. (!) it concerns
niekam somewhere (motion t
obávat’ sa to fear
opät’ again
poriadok, v poriadku order, in order
pozajtra the day after tomorro
prekážat’ to obstruct, inconven

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 seminár seminar
spomínat’ si to remember
stretnút’ sa pf. to meet up
telefonovat’ to telephone
vám to/for you

Exercise 4

You make a telephone call. Translate Mrs Bednárová

speak as suggested.

– Hello? Mrs Bednárová?

– Áno, pri telefóne. Kto volá?
– Peter/Viera. Could I speak to Mr Bednár?
– Žial’bohu, nie je doma. Je vo Viedni.
– Ah, I understand. When will he return, Mrs Be
– Vráti sa v pondelok. Mám mu niečo odkázat’?
– Um … no. It’s not very important. I’d like to me
I’ll call him the day after tomorrow, on Monda
won’t inconvenience you?
– Nie, je to v poriadku. Poviem mu, že ste volali.
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 – Goodbye.

Language points

The days of the week

Dnes je … ‘today it is …’. Let’s learn the days of the w

they are spelt without capitals.

Je pondelok, utorok. It’s Monday, Tue

Je streda. It’s Wednesday.
Je štvrtok, piatok. It’s Thursday, Fr
Je sobota, nedel’a. It’s Saturday, Su

To say ‘on’ a day, use v ‘in’ with (oddly!) the accusativ

Prídem v pondelok, v utorok. I’ll come on Mon

Prídu v stredu. They’ll come on
Odišli vo štvrtok, v piatok. They left on Thu
Odišiel v sobotu, v nedel’u. He left on Saturd

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 Boli tam od pondelka do soboty.
They were there from Monday till Saturday.
Boli sme tam od stredy do nedele.
We were there from Wednesday till Sunday.

Remember also:

včera, dnes a zajtra yesterday, today and tom

predvčerom the day before yesterday
pozajtra the day after tomorrow

Deň ‘day’ is masculine, like týždeň ‘week’, while no

feminine. Note the phrases v noci ‘in the night’ and
day’.

Prídem o týždeň. I’ll come in a week(‘s tim

Prefix pairs

Find the prefix pairs in the dialogues. As we have said

varies from verb to verb, and just has to be learnt! Th
are po-, u-, z-/s-, za-. The symbolic arrow > points t
form:

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 jest’ > zjest’ to eat
platit’ > zaplatit’ to pa
volat’ > zavolat’ to cal

Suffix pairs

In suffix pairs the verb is typically a compound. A pre

in both aspects, because it is needed as part of the ge
For example, if pod- ‘under-’ is added to písat’ ‘to
podpísat’, a perfective verb meaning lit. ‘to write un
sign.
This has its own imperfective equivalent podpisov
with the suffix -ovat’.
Compound imperfectives end in -at’, -vat’ or -ova
Slovak dictionaries usually list such pairs under th
shorter forms, the perfectives. So now we make the p
< point backwards:
podpísat’ < podpisovat’ to
vrátit’ sa < vracat’ sa to

Families of verbs
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 otvorit’ < otvárat’ to
zatvorit’ < zatvárat’ to

Similarly, ‘to put on’, ‘to take off’ – we met the imper
7:

obliect’, oblečiem, obliekol < obliekat’ to p

vyzliect’, vyzlečiem, vyzliekol < vyzliekat’ to t
obut’, obujem, obul < obúvat’ to p
zobut’, zobujem, zobul < zobúvat’ to t

Or ‘to get’ and ‘to get up/stand up’:

dostat’, dostanem, dostal < dostávat’

vstat’, vstanem, vstal < vstávat’

Compounds of íst’ ‘to go’ have imperfectives with -ch

príst’, prídem, prišiel < prichádzat’ to

odíst’, odíde, odišiel < odchádzat’ to

(Sometimes the meanings of prefixes are clearly simi

corresponding prepositions, e.g. pri ‘near’, od ‘away

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 Ide domov. Išiel domov. He goes home. He w

Verbs without pairs

Various verbs lack, or usually lack, aspectual pairs. T

imperfective verbs denoting fixed states, such as leža
lie’, sediet’/sedím ‘to sit’.
Other such imperfectives are byt’ ‘to be’, môct’ ‘to
musiet’ ‘to have to, must’, and chciet’ ‘to want’.

‘Say’ and ‘tell’

The perfective verb povedat’ ‘to say/tell’ has a prese

just like the present tense of vediet’ ‘to know’:

poviem povieme
povieš poviete
povie povedia (!)
Ja mu to poviem. I’ll tell him it, say it to him
Povedal mi to včera. He told me, said it to me

For imperfective senses use the verbs hovorit’ or vr

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 Note the useful idiomatic phrase Ako sa to povie?
say that?’ (lit. ‘How does that say itself?’)

Ako sa to povie po slovensky?

How do you say it in Slovak?
Ako sa povie “t’ava” po anglicky?
How do you say ‘t’ava’ in English?
Po anglicky sa povie … In English you say

The future again

The verb byt’ ‘to be’ has a special future tense of its o

budem I shall/will be
budeš you will be
bude s/he, it will be
budeme we shall/will be
budete you will be
budú they will be
Budeš bohatá! You’ll be rich!
Nebudú doma. They won’t be at home.

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 of forms. This imperfective future refers to general do
than complete acts:

Čo budeš robit’? What will you be d

Budem spat’/čítat’/ pozerat’ I’ll be sleeping/rea
televíziu. TV.
Nebudeme otvárat’ okno. We won’t be openi

Exercise 5

Translate.

1. Viera opened the window.

2. Eva closed the window.
3. Pavol put on his trousers.
4. Eva is putting on her sweater.
5. Pavol has taken off his shirt.
6. Yesterday he got a nice letter.
7. He got up early and ate a roll with butter.
8. They arrived yesterday and left today.
9. They will not be at home all day.

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 One early morning in Ol’ga’s daily existence.

Ked’ zazvonil budík, Ol’ga vstala a išla do kúpel’ne. V

nočnú košel’u a rýchlo sa osprchovala. Potom sa vrát
Obliekla si nohavioky, hodvábnu blúzku, pančucháče
sukňu. Pred zrkadlom si učesala vlasy a namal’ovala
dolu do kuchyne a postavila vodu na čaj. Na stole v je
peceň chleba, kúsok masla a prázdny čajník. (Pavol je
odišiel do práce už pred hodinou. Ol’ga je lekárka, pr
nemocnici, a často má nočnú službu.)

Vocabulary
blúzka blouse
čajník teapot
hodvábny silk
lekár || lekárka doctor
nájst’/nájdem – našiel, našla
to find – found
pf.
to put on one’s ma
namal’ovat’ sa pf.
‘paint oneself’)
nemocnica hospital
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 obliect’/oblečiem – obliekol
to put on (clothes)
pf.
osprchovat’ sa pf. to have a shower
pančucháče tights
peceň, -cňa loaf
postavit’ vodu pf. to put on water (to
prázdny empty
rýchlo quickly
stôl – stola table
sukňa skirt
učesat’/učešem pf. to comb
úzky narrow
vlasy pl. hair
vstat’/vstanem pf. to get up
vyzliect’/vyzlečiem –
to take off (clothes
vyzliekol pf.
zazvonit’ pf. to ring
zíst’/zídem – zišiel, zišla pf. to go down – went
zrkadlo mirror

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 The continuation of her day.

Dnes mala vol’no. Naraňajkovala sa, upratala byt, um

si do kresla a začala čítat’. Čítala zaujímavý román, kt
minulý týždeň od kamaráta, ktorý teraz býva v Kanad
plávat’ a stretla sa v kaviarni s kolegom z Anglicka. H
hodinu a pol po anglicky. Rozprávali o Európe (o pol
Potom ju kolega odviezol autom na sídlisko, pozvala
odišiel asi o hodinu. Nakúpila v samoobsluhe (kúpila
bravčové mäso a kurča). Pred domom uvidela Pavla.
dvere a ako vždy vyzeral vel’mi unavený. „Ahoj, Ol’ga
„Ako sa máš? Mal som naozaj strašný deň.” Išli spolu
Pavol zatvoril dvere, vyzliekol si sako, išiel do obývač
zvyčajne pohárik slivovice a sadol si do kresla. Ol’ga i
spálne. Vonku bola už takmer tma.

Vocabulary
ako vždy as always
ako zvyčajne as usual
Anglicko England
Európa Europe

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 minulý last, past
nakúpit’ pf. to do shopping
naliat’/nalejem pf. to pour out
naraňajkovat’ sa pf. to have breakfa
odviezt’ pf. to drive, take (a
rozprávat’ to talk, chat
sadnút’/sadnem – sadol pf. to sit down – sa
sídlisko housing estate
strašný terrible, awful
stretnút’ sa/stretol sa pf. to meet
upratat’ pf. to tidy up
uvidiet’ pf. to see, catch sig
vojst’/vojdem – vošiel to go in – went
vol’no free time, time
začat’/začnem pf. to begin
zatvorit’ pf. to close
zvyčajne usually

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 Stratila som cestovný pas
I’ve lost my passport

In this unit you will learn about:

directions
colours
more case forms of adjectives and ‘this/that’
case forms of ‘who’ and ‘what’, ‘somebody’, ‘
adverbs
verbal nouns

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:1)

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 ČAŠNÍK Hl’adáte nieoo?
ANNA Stratila som cestovný pas a pepaženku.
ČAŠNÍK Aký pas a akú pepaženku?
ANNA Britský pas a malú oiernu pepaženku. Boli t
ČAŠNÍK Kde ste sedeli? V prednej miestnosti?
ANNA Nie. Predná miestnost’ bola plná. Išla som d
a sadla som si do kúta vl’avo pri okne.
ČAŠNÍK Boli ste tam sama?
ANNA Nie. Hovorila som s tamtým pánom v zeleno
som mu povedala, čo sa mi stalo. Hl’adali sm
ale Nič sme nenašli.
ČAŠNÍK Bol tam ešte niekto?
ANNA Ked’ som odchádzala, prišiel tam mladý chl
trioku, ale teraz tu už nie je. Vpravo sedela e
v hnedej koženej sukni.
ČAŠNÍK Tá tiež pred chvíl’ou odišla. Žial’bohu, nedá
Budete to musiet’ ohlásit’ na polícii.

Vocabulary
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 čast’ – časti f. part
čierny black
chlapec, -pca boy, lad
kožený leather adj.
kút corner
miestnost’ room
odchádzat’ to go away
ohlásit’ pf. to report
okno window
peňaženka purse
plný full
polícia the police
na polícii at the police (station
predný front adj.
s tamtým pánom with that man
stratit’ pf. to lose
taška bag
v tejto taške in this bag
tričko T-shirt
zadný back adj.
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 Exercise 1

Answer these questions on Dialogue 1, using the phra

1. Kde sedela Anna? In the back room.

2. S kým hovorila? With a man in a green sweate
3. Kto tam prišiel? A young boy in a white T-shir
4. Kto sedel v kúte vpravo? A lady in a brown lea

Exercise 2

Correct these statements about Dialogue 1.

1. Anna stratila knihu.

2. Sadla si do kúta vpravo pri okne.

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 Dialogue 2

(Audio 2:4)

Anna asks about the nearest police station.

ANNA Kde je tu policajná stanica?

ČAŠNÍK Hned’ za rohom. Nie je to d’aleko. Ked’ vyjd
pôjdete dol’ava a prejdete cez hlavnú ulicu.
starému kostolu, za obchodným domom, pô
Policajná stanica je v modernej budove hned
pošty.
ANNA Ďakujem vám pekne. Hned’ tam idem. Do v

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 oierna pepaženka!
ANNA Museli mi vypadnút’ z tašky, ked’ som platil
vám d’akujem!
ČAŠNÍK Rado sa stalo. Vy ste Anglioanka?
ANNA Hej, Angličanka.
ČAŠNÍK Ale viete dobre po slovensky!
ANNA Mám matku Anglioanku a otca Slováka.
ČAŠNÍK Nemohli by sme sa niekedy stretnút’? …

Vocabulary
budova building
čašník || čašníčka waiter, waitress
dol’ava to the left
doprava to the right
hlavný main
ležat’/ležím to lie
moderný modern
naproti + dat. opposite
obchodný dom department store

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 policajná stanica police station
pošta post-office
prejdete pf. you(‘ll) cross
pult counter, bar
rado sa stalo happy to oblige ( lit. ‘gladly it
slečna Miss
stanica station
vedl’a + gen. next to
vyjdete pf. you(‘ll) go out
vypadnút’ pf. to fall out

Exercise 3

Correct these statements about Dialogue 2.

1. Policajná stanica je v starej budove hned’ vedl

2. Anna má otca Anglioana a matku Slovenku.

Language points
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 ‘Colour’ is farba. Colour adjectives are often needed
things.

Hl’adám košel’u. I’m looking for a shirt.

Akú chcete farbu? What colour do you want?
Nemáte to v inej Don’t you have it in another
farbe?
Akú to má farbu? What colour is it? (lit. ‘Wha
have?’)

Here are some common colour adjectives:

čierny, biely black, white

modrý/belasý blue/light blue
červený, žltý, zelený red, yellow, green
hnedý, sivý/šedivý brown, grey
ružový, oranžový (rose-)pink, orange
fialový, béžový (violet-)purple, beige
Aké máte auto? Malý What kind of car do you
fiat. Fiat.
Akú má farbu? Je What colour is it? It’s re
červený.

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 Tráva je zelená. The grass is green.
Obloha je modrá/belasá. The sky is blue.
Kvetina je žltá. The flower is yellow.
Nemáme farebný We don’t have coloured
papier.
Kúpil(a) som I bought some black an
čiernobiely
film. film.

‘This’ and ‘that’

The basic shared adjective for ‘that/this’ is ten, tá, to

the neuter form as a general word for ‘that/this (thin
corresponds to English ‘it’:

Čo je to? What is that/this?

To je dom. That/This is a house. It’s a h
Je to kniha? Is that/it a book?
Áno, to je kniha. Yes, it is a book.

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 Kto je ten študent? Who is that /this stud
Kde je tá kniha? Where is that /this bo
Kde je to mesto? Where is that /this to

For an emphatic ‘this (here)’ you can add -to, produc

táto, toto etc.:

Táto kniha je vel’mi dobrá. This (this here) boo

For an emphatic ‘that (there)’ you can add tam- on t

instead:

Tamtá kniha nie je dobrá. That (that there) boo

The two distinct accusative singular forms are mascu

toho and feminine tú. Tento has the masculine anim
form tohto:

Vidíte toho (tohto, tamtoho) študenta?

Do you see this/that student?
Vidíte tú (túto, tamtú) knihu?
Do you see this/that book?

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 Masculine and neuter adjectives mostly share a set of
The example shows the remaining singular case form
mesto ‘(that) little town’:

genitive do (toho) malého mesta

dative k (tomu) malému mestu
locative v (tom) malom meste
instrumental za (tým) malým mestom

For masculine animate nouns, as always, the accusat

as the genitive:

Poznáte toho mladého človeka?

Do you know that young person?

Feminine adjectives have fewer different case ending

shows (tá) malá záhrada ‘(that) little garden’:

genitive do (tej) malej záhrady

dative k (tej) malej záhrade
= locative v (tej) malej záhrade
instrumental za (tou) malou záhradou

The ‘rhythmic law’ operates as before (é-e, ý-y):

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 Exercise 4

Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the adjective

1. Elena má ______ tašku. (black)

2. Juraj má ______ trioko. (white)
3. Vl’avo sedí pani v ______ sukni. (red)
4. Vpravo stojí pán v ______ svetri. (brown)
5. Anna čaká v ______ ______ aute. (that blu
6. Jozef býva v ______ ______ dome. (that be

Exercise 5

You are giving directions and need to say:

1. to the left on the main street

2. opposite the big department store
3. in the old building next to the post-office
4. just round the corner in front of the old churc
5. in the back room in the corner on the left
6. in that little street opposite the police station

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 bridge.

Dialogue 3

(Audio 2:6)

Katka is writing to a French friend, but they don’t sha

interests.

IVAN Ako sa máš, Katka? Vyzeráš smutne! Ty píše

KATKA Tomu mladému Francúzovi, vieš, ktorý bol u
Nemám jeho e-mailovú adresu! Ani neviem,
píšem.
IVAN Myslíš Pierra?
KATKA Áno. Neviem, čo mu mám písat’. O kom a o č
vlastne nepozná. A ani nemá nejaký vel’ký zá
Slovensko. Miluje šport, futbal a iné, čo ja ne
Strašne rád pooúva klasickú hudbu, hrá na k
aj súoasné maliarstvo, kým ja o modernom u
hudbe neviem takmer Nič!

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 čo – o čom what – about wh
a iné, čo … and other things
e-mailová adresa email address
Francúz Frenchman
komu to whom
kto – o kom who – about wh
kým while
list letter
maliarstvo painting
mám here = I should
milovat’ to love
nejaký some, any
nenávidiet’/nenávidím to hate
nikto, acc. nikoho nobody
smutne sad(ly)
súčasný contemporary
u + gen. at (a person’s ho
vlani last year
vlastne actually, in fact

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 (Audio 2:8)

Ivan just hates writing letters. Maybe he’s a bit jealou

IVAN Osobne tiež nenávidím takéto písanie, ved’ v

nikomu nikdy Nič nepíšem, dokonca aj ked’
skutoone rád, alebo máme aspop nieko spolo
napríklad ideš: musíš tej kamarátke nieko na
čaká . Hl’adáš peknú pohl’adnicu, s nejAkou
krajinkou, vyberáš dlho, nemajú takmer Nič,
čaká , napokon si predsa len dáku rýchlo vyb
známku a zistíš, že si jednoducho stratil adre
KATKA Ty si úplne nemožný! Ale ked’ mu Nič nenap
sa so mnou stýkat’!
IVAN A je ten Francúz tak mimoriadne krásny a in
Aha, už viem, jeho otec je bohatý bankár, zat
len chudobný Slovák.
KATKA To nie je pravda! A ty už nie si vôbec chudob

Vocabulary
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 bohatý Rich
dáky some or other
dokonca (aj) even
Chudobný poor
jednoducho simply
krajinka landscape
mimoriadne extraordinarily
mnou, so mnou with me
napríklad for example
nemožný impossible
niekto, acc. niekoho somebody
nikto, dat. nikomu nobody, to nobody
osobne personally
písanie writing
pohl’adnica postcard
prestat’/prestanem pf. to stop (doing)
preto for that reason, th
skutočne actually, really
stýkat’ sa to be/keep in touc
takýto this kind of, such
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 vybrat’/vyberiem pf. to choose
zatial’ čo while
zistit’ pf. to find out, ascerta
známka stamp

Language points

‘What’, ‘who’ and ‘that/this’

We have met čo ‘what?’ and kto ‘who?’ already. They

case forms very much like neuter to ‘that/this’. Comp
of to, čo and kto:

genitive toho, ooho, koho of that/

dative tomu, oomu, komu to …
locative o tom, o oom, o kom about …
instrumental (s) tým, oím, kým by/with

Accusative koho ‘whom’ is the same as the genitive:

Koho hl’adáš? Who are you looking for?

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 O čom hovoríš? What are you talking about? = A
O kom hovoríš? Who are you talking about? = A
Komu varíš Who are you cooking lunch for?
obed? ?

‘Somebody’ and ‘nobody’

The prefix nie- ‘some-’ (or alternatively da-) contras

negative prefix ni- meaning ‘no-’ in various words de
‘what?’ and kto ‘who?’

niekto, dakto somebody, somebody or othe

nieko, dAko something, something or othe
nikto or nik nobody
nič nothing

These have other forms just like čo and kto. Verbs w

nič are always negative!

Nikoho nemá rád.

He likes nobody, doesn’t like anybody (lit. ‘he doe
nobody’).
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 doesn’t talk about nothing’).

‘Somewhere’, ‘nowhere’ etc.

A whole series of words derived from other question

same prefixes nie-, da- and ni-.

Kde? ‘where?’

(Kde je Janko? Where is Janko?)

niekde, dakde somewhere, somewhere or ot
nikde nowhere

Kam? ‘where to?’

(Kam ide? Where is he going?)

niekam somewhere
nikam nowhere

Kedy? ‘when?’
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 niekedy, dakedy sometime
nikdy (!) never

Aký? ‘what kind of?’

(Aký máš dom? What kind of a house do you have?

nejaký (!), dajaký/dáky some, some k
nijaký (or žiadny) no, no kind o

Adverbs

Adverbs often end in -o and can be formed regularly

in this way:

l’ahký light, easy → l’ahko lightly,

dlhý long → dlho for a lon

Others end in -e, especially if the adjective suffix is -n

výborný excellent → výborne ex

pekný fine,nice → pekne fin
okamžitý immediate → okamžite im

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 Idem rýchlo/rýchle. I go qui

Adjectives ending in -ský or -cký have adverbs endin

We have met these for languages already:

slovenský jazyk – Hovorí po slovensky.

Slovak language – S/he speaks Slovak.

Similarly, letecký ‘air-’ gives letecky ‘by air’ (e.g. as

letter or parcel).

Exercise 6

Translate the following.

Who was Viera talking about? She was talking about Pa

talking with? She was talking with the teacher. He know
Pavol. Nobody knows anything about that teacher. He l
in Petržalka, but he never talks about anything. Viera ta
sometimes she talks for a very long time. ‘Are you going
Viera?’ – ‘No, today I’m not going anywhere.’

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 Note a special use of the instrumental to mean somet
after the verb ‘to be’. It tends to be used for someone
functioning as, or being in the role of something:

čím je tvoj otec? [‘As’] what is your fa

Môj otec je učitel’om. My father is [‘as’] a t

Verbal nouns

English can form nouns in ‘-ing’ from verbs e.g. ‘read

direct Slovak equivalents are neuter and end in -nie/
čítanie ‘reading’, písanie ‘writing’, stretnutie ‘me
be either imperfective or perfective, according to thei
meaning. Sometimes you need to translate them with
nouns:

-at’: -anie čítanie/prečítanie re

písanie/napísanie w
-it’/-iet’: -enie otvorenie o
videnie se
-ovat’: -ovanie upratovanie ti
-nút’: -nutie stretnutie a

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 Dictionaries only list some of these verbal nouns sepa
they have special meanings. Usually it is easy to work
meaning from the verb itself. The case forms of verba
the same type as neuter námestie ‘square’.

Dialogue 5

(Audio 2:10)

Ms Macdonald is trying to interview her old colleagu

in a small Slovak town somewhere.

MACDONALDOVÁ Dobrý deň. Chcela by som hovor

Bottom. Nechala som mu ráno o
moja vizitka.
BOTTO Ved’ ja som Botto. Jozef Botto.
MACDONALDOVÁ Prepáčte, ja som vás v prvej chví
To sme sa dlho nevideli! Ani ste
nezmenili.
BOTTO Trocha som stučnel, pani Macdo
Prestal som športovat’. A vy ste n

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 BOTTO Ste autorkou knihy o dnešnom N
Budete sa oudovat’, ale ja vás číta
váš olánok o politickej situácii v
republike.
MACDONALDOVÁ Vy ste dôležitým politikom a ja s
britskou novinárkou. Teraz ma v
dnešná politická situácia v stredn
Najmä na Slovensku.
BOTTO L’utujem, pani Macdonaldová, a
interview nikomu. Ani peknej ko
krásneho škótska.

Vocabulary
autor || autorka auth
článok, -nku artic
čudovat’ sa to b
dnešný toda
chudý thin
interview inte
kolega || kolegyňa colle
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 novinár || novinárka jour
obyčajný ordi
politický poli
politik || politička poli
pravda – to je trut
pravda true
schudnút’/ schudol pf. to g
spoznat’ pf. to re
stredný cent
stučniet’/ stučniem … -ejú pf. to g
Škótsko Scot
športovat’ to p
tučný fat
vizitka busi
zaujímat’ to in
zmenit’ pf. to ch

Exercise 7

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 1. I’m sorry, I didn’t recognise you at first.
2. We haven’t seen each other for ages!
3. You haven’t even changed much.
4. I’ve put on weight a bit.
5. That’s not true! You look fine.
6. I know your article about the Czech Republic.
7. Just now I’m very interested in the political si
Central Europe, especially in Slovakia.

Dialogue 6

(Audio 2:12)

A bit later, things look a bit more promising.

MACDONALDOVÁ Čo nového doma? Ako sa má Má

zobrali? Máte deti?
BOTTO Už sme sa aj rozviedli. Máme syn
MACDONALDOVÁ To je smutná správa. To som nev
čo? Zaoína mi byt’ trochu chladn
musiet’ íst’. Čo poviete, že by sm

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 BOTTO Dobre, môžeme si spolu zájst’ na
prosím vás, žiadne interview! Na
slobody, na druhom brehu rieky,
vinárep „U zlatého kríža”. Môžem
stretnút’, povedzme o siedmej.
MACDONALDOVÁ Fajn. Tak zajtra o siedmej. Do vi
sa na to teším.

Vocabulary
breh shore, bank
čo nového? what’s new?
deti children
fajn fine
je mi chladno I’m cold
kríž cross
lepšie better
o siedmej at seven (o’clock)
povedzme let’s say
rozviest’ sa – rozviedol sa
to get divorced – go
pf.
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 tešit’ sa na + acc. to look forward to
vináreň, -rne f. wine bar
zájst’ pf. to go (call in somew
zlatý golden
zobrat’/zoberiem pf. to take
to get married ( lit.
zobrat’ sa pf.
other’)
žiadny no, not any

Unit Ten
Môžem íst’ d’alej?
Can I come in?

In this unit you will learn about:

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 the plural of nouns and adjectives
using numbers 1–4 with nouns

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:14)

Viera drops in on Bill Sykes one evening . . .

VIERA Dobrý večoer. Prepáčte, nevyrušujem?

BILL Vôbec nie.
VIERA Ja som Viera Krížová.
BILL Teší ma. Som Bill. Bill Sykes.
VIERA Ved’ ja vás už poznám. Môžem íst’ d’alej?
BILL Samozrejme. Nech sa páči. Ale mám tu troch
Počkajte chvíl’u. Trocha to upravím.
VIERA Dobre, ja tu chvíl’u počkám. Ved’ viem, Ako t
Nemáte vel’a času na upratovanie.
BILL Pod’te d’alej a sadnite si.

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 VIERA Ale čo? Vy tu máte aj kuchypu?
BILL Nie, je to len kuchynský kút. Dáte si nejaké ov
čokoládu? Vypijete si?
VIERA Čo máte?
BILL Kopak a víno.
VIERA Kopak . . . Fíha! Napoleon. To si nemôže každ
robíte? Tuším ste novinár, že?
BILL Na zdravie. [Štrngnú si.] Píšem pre televíziu.

Vocabulary
čokoláda chocolate
fíha! goodness!
koňak cognac, brandy
kuchynský kút kitchen corner, kitchenett
neporiadok disorder
ovocie fruit
posad’te sa pf. take a seat
pripravit’ pf. to prepare
sadnite si pf. sit down

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 upratovanie tidying-up
upravit’ pf. to put in order
vypit’ si pf. to have a drink
vyrušovat’ to disturb
zdravie health
na zdravie! cheers!
že? isn’t it so? (e.g. aren’t you?

Exercise 1

1. How did Viera say ‘Good evening’?

2. And then ‘May I come in?’
3. How did Bill say ‘Wait a moment’?
4. And then, ‘Come in.’
5. And ‘Sit down.’
6. And also ‘Take a seat.’
7. And how did he say ‘Cheers’?

Dialogue 2
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 The evening advances, they switch their ‘you’ form of
formal vy to the familiar ty, and get somewhat better

VIERA Hovoríte vel’mi dobre po slovensky.

BILL Myslíte?
VIERA Kde ste sa tak dobre naučili?
BILL Chodil som na hodiny slovenoiny. Mám vel’m
slovenskú literatúru. Vy ste študentka? Vezm
pomaranč!
VIERA Vd’aka. Hej, študujem ekonómiu, prvý ročník
Bill, prečo si vykáme? Nemohli by sme si tyka
BILL Fajn. Tak ja som Bill.
VIERA Viera. [Štrngnú si.] Ako sa ti páčim v tomto t
taký nervózny! Neboj sa! Bozkaj ma! [O chvíl
mala íst’ domov. koskoro bude polnoc.
BILL Nechod’! Daj si so mnou ešte pohárik! A vezm
jablko alebo kúsok čokolády!
VIERA Nehnevaj sa! Nemysli si, ja nie som taká . . . ,
BILL To si rozhodne nemyslím.
VIERA Pččkaj! Zapíš si aspop telefónne číslo! A zavo
mi zajtra zavoláš! Povedzme, večer o šiestej, d

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 bát’ sa/bojím sa to be afraid
bozkat’ – bozkaj! to kiss – kiss!
číslo number
čoskoro soon
hnevat’ sa to be angry
hodiny hours, classes
jablko apple
mnou, so mnou with me
naučit’ sa pf. to learn
neboj sa! don’t be afraid!
nebud’! don’t be!
nehnevaj sa! don’t be angry!
nechod’! don’t go!
nemysli si! don’t think/don’t
nervózny nervous, tense
o chvíl’u in a while, a while
o šiestej at six (o’clock)
počkaj! pf. wait!
polnoc, -i f. midnight
pomaranč an orange

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 mat’ pravdu to be right (lit. ‘ha
ročník year (of studies)
rozhodne definitely
sebou, so sebou with yourself
sl’úbit’ – sl’úb! pf. to promise – prom
taký so (with an adjec
telefónne číslo phone number
tykat’ si to say ty
vezmi si! vezmite si! pf. take! have!
vykat’ si to say vy
zapísat’/zapíšem – zapíš! pf. to note down – no
zavolaj mi! pf. call me!

Exercise 2

Note the point in the dialogue above where Viera and

using the familiar form of address.

1. How did Bill say ‘Take an orange’?

2. How did Viera say ‘Look, Bill’?
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 5. And how did Bill say ‘Don’t go’?
6. How did Viera say ‘Note down my telephone n
7. ‘Call me’?
8. And, ‘Promise to call me tomorrow.’

Language points

The imperative

The imperative issues commands or instructions: ‘Re

The Slovak verb may be imperfective or perfective,
the meaning (e.g. activity or complete act).
Imperatives are basically the present tense form w
more precisely, the third-person plural minus -ú/-ia
verbs have -aj!, -ovat’ verbs have -uj!)
For a person or people addressed as vy, just add -t
form:

Čítajú. Čítaj! Čítajte! They read

Píšu. Píš! Píšte! They writ
Pracujú. Pracuj! Pracujte! They work

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 Chodia. Chod’! Chod’te! They go.
Pijú. Pi! Pite! They drink.

To say ‘let us, let’s’, just replace -te by -me:

Čítajme! Let’s read!

Note these individually:

Bud’! Bud’te! Be!

Povedz! Povedzte! Tell! Jedz! Jedzte! Eat!

Pod’! Pod’te! Come! – the opposite of Chod’! C

Long imperatives

Without an additional ending, some imperatives wou

unpronounceably or awkwardly, e.g. the verbs spat’
. . . spia) ‘to sleep’, sadnút’ si (sadnem si . . . sad
sit down’, vziat’ (vezmem . . . vezmú) pf. ‘to take’.
For these you have to form longer imperatives end
(and -ime!):

Sadni si! Sadnite si! Sit d

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 ‘Sit’ and ‘lie’; ‘sit down’ and ‘lie down’

Sediet’/sedím ‘to sit’ and ležat’/ležím ‘to lie’ both

positions:

Sedím na stoličke. I am sitting on a ch

Ležím na posteli. I am lying on the be

Two typical (perfective) -nút’ verbs express moveme

positions: sadnút’ si/sadnem si pf. ‘to sit down’ an
si/l’ahnem si pf. ‘to lie down’.
For verbs where -nút’ follows a consonant, past te
regularly end in -ol, but with feminine -la, neuter -lo
(dropping the -o-):

Sadol si/Sadla si na stoličku. He/She sat down

Ľahol si/Ľahli si na postel’. He/They lay dow

Exercise 3

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 1. Wait a moment!
2. Come in and sit down!
3. Take a book!
4. Don’t be afraid!
5. Don’t be so nervous!
6. Don’t go!
7. Don’t be angry!
8. Note down the address!
9. Call me tomorrow!
10. Promise you’ll call me!

Exercise 4

Translate the following using the ty form of address:

1. Sorry, I’m not disturbing you? Can I come in?

2. Wait a moment!
3. Drink it up!
4. You ought to go home now.
5. Look, Viera, why do you call me vy?
6. Have another glass with me!
7. You were lying on the bed.

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 Exercise 5

Make both ty and vy type imperatives from these ver

translate:

čítat’, pit’, milovat’, dat’, nedávat’, napísat’, poved

prestat’, vybrat’, l’ahnút’ si

Dialogue 3

(Audio 2:18)

Igor is confused about whether Pavol and Michal are

IGOR Kde sú Pavol a Michal?

ZORA Išli von.
IGOR Povedzte, sú títo dvaja Slováci alebo Česi? Vyz
bratia, ale Michal hovorí skôr Ako Čech.

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 mad’arsky, lebo jeho matka je Mad’arka. Mich
slovenských rodičov, ale narodil sa v Prahe. Bý
dlho, a potom jeho rodičia pracovali štyri roky
vel’vyslanectve v Londýne. Vtedy pracovali Ak
teraz sú z nich bohatí podnikatelia.
IGOR Preto teda Michal dobre hovorí po anglicky.
ZORA Pravdaže. Aj učitelia a profesori angliotiny si o
je Anglioan. Aj jeho sestry hovoria pekne po an

Vocabulary
brat, pl. -ia brothers
Čech, pl. Česi Czechs
diplomat, pl. -i diplomats
dvaja ma. two
kolega, pl. -ovia colleagues
Londýn London
Mad’ar || Mad’arka a Hungarian
narodit’ sa pf. to be born
otec, pl. otcovia fathers
podnikatel’, pl. -lia entrepreneurs
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 priatel’, pl. -lia friends
profesor, pl. -i professors, tea
rodič, pl. rodičia má slovenských parents he has
rodičov parents
rok year
skôr rather, more (
Slovák, pl. Slováci Slovaks
títo dvaja these two
učitel’, pl. -lia teachers
vel’vyslanectvo embassy
vtedy then, at that ti
out of/from th
z nich sú z nich
become

Dialogue 4
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 Igor helps Zora lay the table; and the talk turns to clo

IGOR Prinesiem ešte nože a vidličky. Sú tam lyžice?

ZORA Áno. Už sú na stole. Bud’te taký láskavý, prine
taniere a tie vel’ké poháre!
IGOR Michal a Pavol sa tak pekne obliekajú. Kupujú
oblečenie: krásne nohavice, kravaty a saká. As
Ako praví Angličania!
ZORA A vy?
IGOR Radšej nosím džínsy a staré tričká alebo svetre
ZORA A topánky?
IGOR V zime nejaké staré čižmy a v lete sandále.
ZORA A čo klobúky?
IGOR Tie vôbec nenosím nikdy! Ani čiapky, aj ked’ j
mráz.
ZORA Ste vy normálny? Nemrznú vám uši?
IGOR Možno som trochu blázon, ale mám kožené ru
šál a to mi stačí.
ZORA No, aspop vám potom ruky nemrznú!

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 a čo? and what a
Angličan, pl. -ia Englishme
blázon, -zna madman
bud’te tak láskavý! be so kind!
čiapka, pl. -y caps
čižma, pl. -y boots
džínsy jeans
klobúk, pl. -y hats
kravata, pl. -y ties
lyžica, pl. -e spoons
možno maybe
mráz – mrazu frost
mrznút’ to freeze
normálny normal
nosit’ to carry, w
nôž, pl. nože knife, kniv
oblečenie clothes
pohár, pl. -e glasses
pravý true
priniest’/prinesiem pf. to bring

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 sAko, pl. -á jackets
sandál, pl. -e sandals
sneh, -u snow
stačit’ to be enou
sveter, pl. -tre sweaters
šál scarf
tanier, pl. -e plates
teplý warm
tie those
tričko, pl. -á T-shirts
tuhý hard
uši ears
vám to/for you
vidlička, pl. -y forks

Language points

Masculine animate plural

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 To je kamarát – To sú kamaráti.
That’s a friend – Those (lit. ‘that’) are friends.

To je študent – To sú študenti.
That’s a student – Those are students.

You have to change final k to c, and ch to s before th

-i:

Slovák – Slováci Slov

Čech – Česi Czec

But some nouns have a plural ending in -ia or -ovia:

-an: Američan – Američania A

-tel’: učitel’ – učitelia t
-a: kolega – kolegovia c
-o: Strýko – strýkovia u

Also: bratia ‘brothers’ and otcovia, synovia ‘father

Noun surnames have plural -ovci: Novák – Nová
Nováks’.

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 Neuters have plurals in -á (soft -ia):

mesto – mestá tow

okno – okná win
námestie – námestia squ
pole – polia fie

After a long vowel, -á shortens (‘rhythmic law’): mie

‘places’.

Other plurals, masculine and feminin

Other nouns, both masculine and feminine, including

animals, have nominative plural -y:

dom – domy houses

býk – býky bulls
stôl – stoly tables
žena – ženy women

But after soft consonants the ending is -e:

nôž – nože knives

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 The feminine -ost’ type has plural -i:

radost’ – radosti jo
noc – noci n

Masculine animate accusative plural

Only nouns for masculine human beings have a sepa

plural/object form. This regularly ends in -ov:

Učím Američanov a Slovákov. I teach American

Učím študentov a kolegov. I teach students

These three masculine nouns for animals may be trea

like nouns for human beings:

pes nom. pl. psi (or psy) acc. psov (or psy)
vták nom. pl. vtáci (or vtáky) acc. vtAkov (or vt
vlk nom. pl. vlci (or vlky) acc. vlkov (or vlk

Plural adjectives

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 Kde sú tí americkí študenti?
Where are those American students?

Vidíš tých anglických študentov?

Do you see those English students?

Otherwise the nom./acc. plural is -é. ‘Those’ is tie:

To sú tie pekné domy. Those are those nice

Majú vel’ké autá. They have big cars.

The ‘rhythmic law’ operates in the same way as usual

Nie sme hlúpi. We are not stu

Máme hlúpych kamarátov. We have stup
Deti nie sú hlúpe. Children are n

More about numbers ‘one’ to ‘four’

Jeden ‘one’ has a feminine form jedna (accusative j

neuter jedno. Other singular forms are like regular a

Mám jeden dom a jedno auto I have one hous

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 syna. son.

Dva has a feminine/neuter form dve:

Karol má dva domy. Karol has two ho
Karol má dve sestry. Karol has two sis

Masculine animate nouns have special numeral form

traja ‘three’, štyria ‘four’, with accusatives dvoch, t
štyroch:

Boli tam dvaja študenti. There were two stu

Prišli traja, štyri učitelia. Three, four teacher

Karol má dvoch/troch/štyroch bratov.

Karol has two/three/four brothers.

Exercise 6

Give the plurals of the following and translate:

1. Slovák, Čech, Mad’ar, Anglioan, učitel’, brat, o

2. Slovenka, Češka, Mad’arka, Anglioanka, učite
sestra, dcéra
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 klobúk

Exercise 7

Translate these sentences, watching out for plurals.

1. Do you buy English, Czech or Hungarian buse

2. He chose some pretty postcards.
3. These old houses have beautiful gardens.
4. Do you like modern buildings?
5. I like old castles, churches, museums and con
6. Adriana likes cafés, wine bars and expensive r
7. I need three stamps for (onto) letters to Engla
8. His friends read American novels.
9. They like Italian films and German cars.

Exercise 8

Fill in the blanks with the words suggested and trans

1. JANKO má ______ autá. (two)

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 3. Mám ______ bratov a ______ syna. (four, o
4. Karol má ______ ______ slovenoiny. (two
5. Jozef má ______ ______ slovenoiny. (two f
teachers)
6. To sú vel’mi ______ a ______ džínsy. (old,
7. Karol pracoval tri ______ v Bratislave. (year
8. Títo ______ bratia boli ______ priatelia. (t
9. Tieto ______ sestry sú vel’mi ______ kama
good)

Reading 1

It is night and all is peaceful in the Mikos’ bedroom.

Je noc a v izbe je takmer tma, ale vonku za oblokom s

hviezdy. Domy a ulice vyzerajú smutno. uudia spia, a
lebo sú tri hodiny.

V izbe sú dve postele, dva nočné stolíky a stôl. Na dlá

koberce a na bielej stene visia štyri obrazy. Pod stolom
čierne mačky a biely pes. Mačky spia, ale pes stráži d
sú dve kreslá a pri stole tri biele stoličky. Zo stropu vi
sedí tam vel’ký čierny pavúk.
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 hviezda star
lampa lamp
l’udia people
mačka cat
Miko, Mikovci Miko, the Mikos
nočný stolík night/bedside table
oblok window
obraz picture
pavúk spider
pes – psa dog
stena wall
stolička chair
strážit’ to guard
strop ceiling
svietit’ to shine
visiet’/visí to hang

Reading 2

Suddenly the alarm clock rings . . . Pavol has to catch

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 modré oči. „Chod’ do kúpel’ne, umy sa, ohol sa a rých
„Ol’ga, nekrio tak, nebud’ na mpa zlá!” povie Pavol. „
Pavol, ale vieš, že musíš chytit’ vlak. Tak sa ponáhl’aj
a ide do kúpel’ne. „Zavolaj mi a nezabudni si vo vlaku
chvíl’u si Ol’ga zase l’ahne a čoskoro zaspí. Je spokojn
nočnú službu, ale dnes má vol’ný dep. Pavol už odišie
vlak. Ráno zazvoní telefón. „Haló, kto volá?” „Tu je D
som včera z Viedne, tak volám z hotela. Ako sa máš?
dnes večer. Chcem t’a vidiet’.”

Vocabulary
chytit’ pf. to catch
kričat’/kričím to shout
ku mne to me/my place
l’ahnút’/l’ahne si pf. to lie down
mi to/for me
mňa me
obrátit’ sa pf. to turn
oči eyes
oholit’ sa pf. to shave

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 umyt’ sa pf. to wash
vstávat’ – vstávaj! to get up – get u
zabudnút’ pf. to forget
zaspat’/zaspím pf. to fall asleep
zlý na + acc. nasty to
zobudit’ sa pf. to wake up
zrazu suddenly, all at o

Unit Eleven
Nakupovanie
Shopping

In this unit you will learn about:

quantity words
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 shopping for food etc.
‘many’, ‘few’, ‘some’

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:22)

Dušan goes shopping for cold meats and cheese.

DUŠAN Dobrý dep. Prosím si pätnást’ deka tu

salámy.
PREDAVAČKA V celku alebo pokrájat’?
DUŠAN Pokrájat’. A desat’ deka šunky.
PREDAVAČKA Všetko?
DUŠAN Dajte mi ešte desat’ deka bryndze, jed
pätnást’ deka z tohto syra.
PREDAVAČKA Eidam? V celku?
DUŠAN Áno.
PREDAVAČKA Zaplatíte to pri pokladnici.

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 PREDAVAČKA Pät’ centov.
DUŠAN makujem pekne.
PREDAVAČKA Nech sa páči.

Vocabulary
bryndza a soft sheep’s milk che
celok, -lku whole (piece)
deka decagrams (decagram
igelitová taška, igelitka plastic bag
nákupná taška shopping bag
oštiepok, -pka a hard sheep’s milk ch
pokladnica till, cash desk
pokrájat’ to slice, i.e. sliced
turistická saláma ‘tourist salami’ (a regio

We may perhaps hope that supermarket plastic bags,

those advertised as ekologické ‘ecological’, will soon
friendlier papierové tašky ‘paper bags’ – or better
own nákupná taška.

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 (Audio 2:24)

Dušan completes his purchases with some fruit and p

does he not buy?

DUŠAN Prosím si pät’ pomaranoov. A kilo jab

PREDAVAČKA A kervené alebo zelené?
DUŠAN Z tých malých zelených.
PREDAVAČKA Prajete si ešte nieoo?
DUŠAN Pät’ banánov – nie, tri banány, šest’ b
kila marhúl’. A dajte mi ešte dve kilá
PREDAVAČKA Nechcete ešte jahody? Pozrite, aké sú
DUŠAN Ďakujem, nie, to je všetko. Kol’ko pla
PREDAVAČKA Trinást’ eur a šest’desiat centov. Nem
Ďakujem pekne, do videnia.

Vocabulary
banán banana
broskyňa peach

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 jahody f. pl. strawberries
kilo kilogram
kol’ko how much
marhul’a apricot
pozrite! look!
štvrt’ quarter
z tých … some of those …
zemiaky m. pl. potatoes

Language points

Quantities of things

When shopping for food etc. you often need to ask fo

quantities. Quantity words are typically followed by ‘
by the genitive.
For weight you use kilo (= kilogram, 2.2 lbs) and
dekagram, 10 grams). Deka is generally invariable
jedno deČo ‘one decagram’).

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 quarter of a pound:

Kúpil kilo/dve kilá cukru. He bought a kilo/t

sugar.
Kúpili sme pol/štvrt’ kila We bought half/qu
šunky of ham.
Kúpila desat’/pätnást’ deka She bought 10/15 d
syra. cheese.

For liquids you use liter ‘litre’ or deci ‘decilitre’ (= d

tenth of a litre). Deci is an invariable form.

Kúpil liter/dva litre mlieka.

He bought a litre/two litres of milk.

Objednala si dve deci vína.

She ordered two decilitres (a fifth of a litre) of win

Genitive plural -ov

The genitive plural (‘of’) form of masculine nouns reg

ov (like the masculine human animate accusative/ob
form often appears after quantity words:

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 Basic number forms pät’ ‘five’ upwards are also follo
genitive case:

Dajte mi pät’ pomarančov. Give me five (‘o

Dajte mi desat’ litrov. Give me ten (‘of

The ‘zero’ genitive ending

Feminine and neuter nouns mostly have ‘zero’ (i.e. no

the genitive plural. The final vowel of the word is sim
But, a short vowel in the remaining final syllable re
lengthens. This requires careful attention!
E becomes ie:

žena, pl. ženy → pät’ žien five (‘o

mesto, pl. mestá → šest’ miest six (‘of

O becomes ô. Other vowels add the acute sign for len

hora, pl. hory → devät’ hôr nine (‘o

koruna, pl. koruny → dvadsat’ korún twenty
kravata, pl. kravaty → osem kravát eight (‘

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 After a soft consonant a becomes ia. Note that becau
and n are regularly pronounced soft before the vowel
‘soft sign’ placed on them before ia:

fl’aša, pl. fl’aše → desat’ fliaš ten (‘of

t’ava, pl. t’avy → pät’ tiav five (‘o

No lengthening occurs where the final syllable is -ov

preceding syllable has a long vowel:

slová → zopár slov a couple of w

záhrady → do záhrad into the gard

Certain foreign loanwords don’t have lengthening eit

– desat’ percent ‘ten percent’, but note, for exampl
áut ‘five cars’.

Number phrases again

Revise numerals 1–100. As we have already noted, nu

‘five’ upwards are followed by the genitive plural. So

Mám štyri koruny. I have four cro

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 And, if asked Kol’ko máte rokov? ‘How old are you
many of years do you have?’), you say:

Mám štyri roky. lit. ‘I have four years.’ I’

old.
but: Mám dvadsat’ I am twenty.
rokov.

Subject phrases containing numbers five and upward

neuter and singular for any verb agreement!

Prišlo dvadsat’ kamarátov. Twenty frien

Higher numerals

The ‘hundreds’ are simple combinations:

100 sto
200 dvesto
300 tristo
400 štyristo
500 pät’sto
600 šest’sto
700 sedemsto
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 1000 tisíc

‘Two thousand’ is dvetisíc, ‘three thousand’ tritisíc

expected.
Milión ‘a million’, gives dva milióny, tri milión
milióny, but pät’ miliónov etc. Miliarda = tisíc m
thousand million’. Bilión = milión miliónov, ‘a m
The other intermediate numbers are just one-word
e.g. devät’desiatdevät’ 99, sedemsto pät’desiatt
written together as one word).

Exercise 1

Revise the words for weights and measures. You are

and need to ask for:

1. four kilos of potatoes

2. a quarter of a kilo of salami
3. three litres of milk
4. one kilo of oranges
5. twenty decagrams of cheese
6. fifteen decagrams of bryndza

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 9. ten decagrams of ham
10. two kilos of apples

Exercise 2

Stipulate the following items involving numbers:

1. six bananas, eight oranges and seven peaches

2. twelve bottles of beer and five bottles of white
3. five Slovaks and sixteen Englishmen
4. ten weeks and eleven months
5. five words
6. four windows

Exercise 3

Give these prices in euros:

1. 13, 4, 2
2. 5, 14, 16, 24, 40, 60, 35, 81, 99, 19
3. 3500, 300, 257, 982, 3000, 2146

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 (Audio 2:26)

Dušan is out shopping again.

PREDAVAČKA Čo si želáte?
DUŠAN Prosím si desat’ vajíčok, jedno maslo
a ementál.
PREDAVAČKA Stačí takýto kus?
DUŠAN Áno, môže byt’.
PREDAVAČKA Pokrájat’?
DUŠAN Nie, v celku.
PREDAVAČKA Ešte nieoo? Dostali sme pekné parad
DUŠAN Dobre, tak pol kila paradajok. A ešte
chlieb a rožky.
PREDAVAČKA Kol’ko rožkov?
DUŠAN Osem. A pät’ žemiel’.
PREDAVAČKA Všetko?
DUŠAN Moment. čo ešte potrebujem? Aha. P
– Zlatý bažant. A kávu – štandard. Á
prosím vás, túto bonboniéru. Môžete
Kol’ko platím?
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 DUŠAN Pookajte, pozriem sa. Tu sú.
PREDAVAČKA Dvadsat’ eur. Tak to sú dve eurá nasp
Do videnia.

Vocabulary
bonboniéra a box of choc
ementál Emmental
fl’aška, pät’ fl’ašiek bottle, five bo
kus piece
maslo butter
moment (just) a mom
naspät’ back
paradajka, paradajok tomato, of to
prosím vás please
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 takýto this kind of
vajíčko, desat’ vajíčok egg, ten eggs
zabalit’ pf. to wrap
žeml’a, žemiel’ round-shape
Zlatý bažant Golden Phea
zomliet’/zomeliem – zomlel pf. to grind – gro

Cultural point

Zlatý Bažant is a well-known Slovak brand of beer.

several varieties: svetlé pivo ‘light-coloured beer’, w
ležiak plzenského typu ‘a light-coloured lager of t
Pilsner type’ and comes in two strengths: dvanástka
desiatka ‘twelve or ten degree beer’ (following a trad
measure of strength – dvanástka is 5 per cent alcoh
pivo ‘dark beer’ and nealkoholické pivo ‘non-alco
People sometimes mix the light and dark varieties –
rezané pivo (lit. ‘cut beer’).

Language points
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 If the genitive plural would otherwise end in awkwar
you insert a filler vowel between the final consonants

študentka → sedem študentiek seven fem

okno → desat’ okien ten windo

But before a final consonant k the filler vowel is -o-,

a j or a syllable containing a long vowel:

paradajka → kilo paradajok a kilo of

stránka → desat’ stránok ten page
vajíčko → šest’ vajíčok six eggs

Other filler vowels – á, ô or e – occur in a few words

individually, e.g. jedlo ‘food, meal’, pät’ jedál ‘five m

Soft genitive plural -í

As a rule feminine or neuter soft nouns ending in a co

have a soft genitive plural ending in a long -í.

kaviareň → vel’a kaviarní lots

noc → pät’ nocí five

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 Nouns in -ia, and -ňa (after a consonant) also take th

reštaurácia → vel’a reštaurácií lots of r

kúpel’ňa → pät’ kúpel’ní five bat

Note also these common irregular examples: dni → d

l’udia → l’udí ‘people’, deti → detí ‘children’. You
across a number of others.

Quantity again

The genitive is much in demand after general quantit

vel’a ‘a lot, lots of, many’, privel’a ‘too much, too m
‘little, few’.

Mám vel’a času. I have a lot of ti

Mám privel’a času. I have too much
Mám málo času. I have little tim
JANKO má vel’a priatel’ov. JANKO has lots
JANKO má málo priatel’ov. JANKO has few

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 the question word Kol’ko ‘how many?‘:

Kol’ko tam bolo l’udí? How many people wer

Bolo tam málo l’udí. Few people were there
Bolo tam asi šest’ l’udí. There were about six p

Other such words are nieKol’ko ‘some, several’, mn

tol’ko (or tak vel’a) ‘so many’, pár/zopár ‘a few, a

Poznám len niekol’ko/zopár Slovákov.

I know only some/a few Slovaks.

Tol’ko l’udí! So many people!

Shops and shop signs

Obchod or predajňa is a ‘shop’, výklad is a ‘shop w

Nakupovat’ is ‘to shop, do the shopping’. Nákup is
or the ‘purchase’. Trh is ‘market’, na trhu ‘at the ma

Supermarket ‘supermarket’

samoobsluha self-service
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 pult counter
pokladnica till (also ‘box-offic
platíte pri pokladnici you pay at the cash

Potraviny ‘foodstuffs, groceries’

(obchod s potravinami ‘grocer’s shop, food shop’)

múka flour
ryža rice
cukor sugar
olej oil
maslo butter
mlieko milk
syr cheese
káva coffee
čaj tea
vajce, pl. vajcia eggs
sol’ salt
(čierne) korenie (black) peppe

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 Ovocie – zelenina ‘fruit – vegetables’

jablká apples
pomaranče oranges
citróny lemons
banán banana
broskyňa peach
marhul’a apricot
čerešne cherries
paradajky tomatoes
uhorky cucumbers
zemiaky potatoes
kapusta cabbage
karfiol cauliflower
mrkva carrots
zelená/červená/žltá paprika green /red/ye

Chlieb – pečivo ‘bread – bakery goods’

(pekáreň ‘a bakery’)
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 žeml’a rounded bread roll
peceň loaf
bageta baguette-type loaf
obložený chlebík open sandwich
sušienky biscuits
sladké sušienky sweet biscuits, cookie
slané sušienky salted, savoury biscu

Ryba ‘fish’

rybacie filé fish fillet

pstruh trout
kapor carp
losos salmon
zavináč rollmop, pickled herring

Mäso – Údeniny ‘meat – smoked meats’

(mäsiarstvo ‘butcher’s’)

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 tel’acie (mäso) veal
hydina poultry
kurča chicken
morka turkey
kuracie/morčacie prsia chicken/turkey
kačica duck
hus, -i f. goose
saláma salami
klobása sausage
párky frankfurters

Lahôdky ‘delicatessen’

Moving away from food:

Drogéria ‘chemist’s, drugstore’

mydlo soap
šampón shampoo
zubná pasta toothpaste
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 Lekárep ‘pharmacy’

liek, pl. lieky medic

lekár || lekárka doctor
lekárnik || lekárnička pharm

Odevy ‘clothes’

dámske, pánske, detské ladies’, men’s and

odevy wear
oblek suit

Obuv ‘footwear’

(For clothing and footwear see Unit 7.)

Kníhkupectvo ‘bookshop’

kniha book
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 román novel
učebnica textbook
slovník dictionary

Noviny – tabak ‘newspapers – tobacco’

stánok, -nku kiosk

časopis magaz
noviny pl. newsp
cigareta, pl. cigarety cigare
zapal’ovač lighter
zápalky match
pohl’adnica postca

Pošta ‘post-office’
známka stamp
obálka envelope
doporučený list registered letter
balík parcel

(The Czech word dopis also occurs, ‘incorrectly’, for

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 (kvetinárstvo ‘florist’s’)
ruža rose
fialka violet
klinček carnation
tulipán tulip
narcis daffodil

Exercise 4

You go to one or more small shops and need to ask fo

1. six eggs
2. five litres of milk
3. twenty decagrams of ham
4. two kilos of tomatoes
5. six round-shaped rolls
6. five pointed-shaped rolls

Exercise 5

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 1. Zostali tam desat’ ______. (nights)
2. Zostaneme tam osem ______. (days)
3. Má osem ______. (fields)
4. VBratislave je vel’a ______. (cafés)
5. Náš dom ma dve ______. (bathrooms)
6. Majú šest’ ______. (children)
7. Poznám len zopár ______. (people)
8. Mám dost’ málo ______. (friends)
9. Mám vel’a ______. (time)

Dialogue 4

(Audio 2:28)

Pani Bednárová and pán Minárik discuss the student

Slovak course.

BEDNÁROVÁ Kol’ko študentov máte na slovenoinu,

MINÁRIK Tento rok mám dost’ vel’a žiAkov, ako
nieKol’ko Amerioanov slovenského pô
Anglioanov. Spolu osem l’udí. A vy?

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 MINÁRIK Tak vel’a! To je krásne! Ale aj vel’a rob
toho žien?
BEDNÁRO VÁ No, chlapov je málo, väošinou sú t
Talianok, sedem Mad’ariek a pät’ Fran
MINÁRIK Prirodzene mnoho zaoiatooníkov, ale
pokrooilých.

Vocabulary
dost’ vel’a + gen. quite a lot
Francúz || Francúzka Frenchman
chlap man, guy
málo + gen. few
mnoho + gen. many
nieKol’ko + gen. several
pokročilý advanced
pôvod origin
prirodzene naturally
skupina group
spolu (al)togethe

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 väčšinou mostly
vel’a + gen. a lot
začiatočník || začiatočníčka beginner
žiak || žiačka pupil
zopár + gen. a couple

Exercise 6

Answer these questions on Dialogue 4.

1. Kol’ko Talianov je v skupine zaoiatooníkov?

2. A Kol’ko Francúzok je v skupine?
3. Je tam málo zaoiatooníkov?
4. Je tam vel’a pokrooilých?
5. Má pani Bednárová v skupine vel’a chlapov?

Dialogue 5

(Audio 2:29)
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 JANA Kedy zaoína prednáška? Kol’ko je hodín?
PETER Je presne pät’ hodín a desat’ minút. Už mali
asi skutoone zaonú.
JANA O oom je táto prednáška?
PETER O ekonómii a dnešnej politickej situácii.
JANA A kto prednáša?
PETER Dvaja mladí profesori, jeden z Košíc a druhý
Bude to asi dost’ vel’ká nuda. Ekonómia nie j
obl’úbenou témou!
JANA ko to máte v tej aktovke? Vyzerá strašne t’ažk
PETER Asi šest’ kníh a vel’a zošitov. Ticho, už prichá
koskoro zaonú. Uroite budú hovorit’ minimá

Vocabulary
aktovka briefcase
hodina hour
kol’ko je hodín? what time is it?
Košice -Košícf. pl. košice
mali here= should ha
minimálne minimally, at lea
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 prednášat’ to lecture
prednáška a lecture
téma theme
ticho! quiet!
zošit exercise book

Exercise 7

Answer these questions on the dialogue.

1. Kol’ko je hodín?
2. O oom je prednáška?
3. Kto prednáša?
4. Odkial’ sú?
5. Budú hovorit’ dlho?
6. Čo má Peter v aktovke?

Exercise 8

Translate.
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 2. Mr švantner has a group of beginners: ten Ita
Hungarians and seven French.

3. Mostly they are women: four Italian, six Hung

French
– many beginners but few advanced.
4. What time is it? – It’s exactly seven o’clock, th
begun by now.
5. What have you got in that briefcase? – About
exercise books and a kilo of potatoes.

Unit Twelve
Kol’ko je hodín?
What time is it?

In this unit you will learn about:

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 case forms for ‘me’, ‘you’, ‘us’ and ‘oneself’
some sporting terms

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:31)

Viera wants some tennis lessons.

PAVOL Ahoj, Viera! Kol’ko je hodín?

VIERA Sú presne dve. Kam sa tak náhliš? Hl’adám t
Chcem ti niečo povedat’.
PAVOL Idem do Univerzitnej knižnice. Nechceš íst’ s
VIERA Dobre. Pôjdem teda kus cesty s tebou. Chcem
jednu vec. Počula som totiž o tebe, že hráš te
by si ma to naučit’?
PAVOL A ty už vieš trošku hrat’?
VIERA Trošku, áno. Nepoviem o sebe, že som vel’ký
myslím, že som na seba dost’ prísna. Budem
snažit’.
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 VIERA O mne vieš tak málo, lebo sme sa zoznámili l
týždpom.
PAVOL No dobre. Čo keby sme sa stretli zajtra poobe
mne, povedzme, o tretej.
VIERA O tretej nemôžem, lebo mám schôdzku so se
by som príst’ tak o piatej?
PAVOL Fajn. O piatej teda. Teším sa. Čau!

Vocabulary
čau bye!
čo keby what if
Kol’ko je hodín? what time is it?
ma me
ku mne to my place, ‘to m
o mne about me
so mnou with me
náhlit’ sa to hurry
naučit’ pf. to teach
o tretiej/piatej at three, at five (o

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 pred týždňom a week ago
prepáč(te)! sorry!
prísny strict, severe
príst’ pf. – príd’! to come – come!
prvý first
pýtat’ sa + gen. (na + acc.) to ask someone (
seba, sebe (one)self
snažit’ sa to try
t’a you
o tebe about you
s tebou with you
ti to/for you
tak so; about (appro
talent talent
teším sa I look forward
to, že … (the fact) that …
trošku a little, a bit
univerzitný university adj.
vec, -i f. thing
zoznámit’ sa pf. to get to know
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 Exercise 1

Answer these questions on Dialogue 1.

1. Kol’ko je hodín?
2. Kam ide Pavol?
3. Kedy sa zoznámili Viera s Pavlom?
4. Kedy nemôže Viera príst’?
5. A kedy môže príst’?

Language points

Favourite sports

Here are some further words relating to sport (šport

(športové hry) favoured by the Slovaks. You’ve met
these terms already.
hra game
hrat’ to play
vyhrat’ < vyhrávat’ to win
prehrat’ < prehrávat’ to lose
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 zápas, stretnutie match
klub club
(futbalové) družstvo, tím (football) t
mužstvo team (of m
futbal football, so
futbalista || -istka football pla
lopta ball
bránka the goal (li
brankár || -ka goalkeeper
gól a goal
(l’adový) hokej ice hockey
hokejista || -stka hockey pla
hokejka hockey stic
l’ad ice
puk puck
tenis tennis
tenista || -stka tennis play
raketa racket
siet’ net
lyžovanie skiing
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 lyže skis
plávanie swimming
plávat’ to swim
plavec || plavkyňa swimmer
plavky swimsuit, t
tanec dance
tancovat’ to dance
tanečník || tanečnica dancer

‘What time is it?’

To ask ‘What time is it?’ you say:

Kol’ko je hodín? lit. ‘How many is it of hou

For one to four o’clock you say:

Je/Bola jedna hodina. It is/was one o

Sú/Boli dve, tri, štyri hodiny.

It is/was two, three, four o’clock.

But from five up you say: Je/Bolo X hodín.

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 Je devät’, desat’, jedenást’, dvanást’ (hodín
It’s nine, ten, eleven, twelve (o’clock).

Learn also:
Je polnoc. It’s midnight.
Je poludnie. It’s midday.
ráno in the (early) mo
doobeda/dopoludnia in the morning
poobede/popoludní in the afternoon
večer in the evening

Literally, doobeda and poobede mean ‘before lunc

lunch’.

‘at what time?’ – ordinal numerals

To ask ‘at what time?’ you say:

Kedy prišiel? When did he come?
or: O kol’kej prišiel? At what time did he c

For ‘at one o’clock’ you say:

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 But for ‘at two o’clock’ etc. you say ‘at the second (ho
Slovak.
For this you need the ordinal numerals, which are
shown alongside the corresponding plain cardinal nu
jeden – prvý one – first
dva – druhý two – second
tri – tretí three – third
štyri – štvrtý four – fourth
pät’ – piaty five – fifth
šest’ – šiesty six – sixth
sedem – siedmy seven – seve
osem – ôsmy eight – eight
devät’ – deviaty nine – ninth
desat’ – desiaty ten – tenth
jedenást’ – jedenásty eleven – elev
dvanást’ – dvanásty twelve – twe

The time phrases are generally in the form: o -ej (ho

o jednej at one
o tretej at three
o polnoci at midnigh

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 but: na poludnie at midday

Work out the others yourself! Other parallel time phr

prepositions od ‘from’, do ‘until’, and okolo ‘around
Bol tu od šiestej do ôsmej. He was here from
Odišiel okolo siedmej. He left around sev

‘Me’ and ‘you’

Ja ‘I’ and ty ‘you’ have various other case forms. You

come across some of these earlier in the book.
Note the contrast between weak (shorter) forms us
strong (longer) forms used after prepositions:

acc./gen. ma, t’a me, you/

pre mňa, pre teba for me, yo
odo mňa, od teba from me,
dat. mi, ti ‘to/for’ m
ku mne, k tebe to(wards
loc. o mne, o tebe about me
ins. (so) mnou, (s) tebou with me,

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 pronoun sa, si ‘(one)self’):
Kto ma hl’adal? Who was looking f
Kto ti to povedal? Who said that to y
you that?
Pýtal(a) som sa t’a, či si ma I asked you wheth
videl v kine. in the cinema.

The strong forms can also be used for emphasis:

Teba hl’adal? Was he looking for you?
Mňa nehl’adal. He wasn’t looking for me

So is pronounced [so] in the phrase so mnou. Note

cezo mňa, bezo mňa, odo mňa ‘through, without
in predo mnou, nado mnou, podo mnou ‘in fron
below me’.

‘Each other’

Sa ‘(one)self’ can also mean ‘each other’:

Majú sa radi. They like each other.
Nemajú sa radi. They don’t like each othe

Sa has strong case forms similar to those of ty ‘you’:

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 Máš pred sebou t’ažkú You have a hard tas
úlohu. you.
Varím pre seba. I cook for myself.

Exercise 2

What time is it? Kol’ko je hodín? Reply as suggested.

1. It’s four o’clock.

2. It’s three o’clock.
3. It’s eleven o’clock.
4. It’s nine o’clock.
5. It’s midnight.

Exercise 3

When? Kedy? At what time? O kol’kej? Translate the

reply as suggested.

1. Kedy prišiel? – He came at one o’clock.

2. O kol’kej odišiel? – He left at two o’clock.

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 5. Kedy tu boli? – They were here from three o’c
o’clock.
6. Kedy prišla? – She arrived around four.

Exercise 4

Complete with correct forms of ma and t’a and transl

1. Hl’adajú ______ /______.

2. Táto kniha je pre ______ /______.
3. Hovorili čoasto o ______ /o ______.
4. Stoja za ______ /______.
5. Ide ku ______ /k ______.
6. Kto ______ /______ to povedal?
7. Chcela ______ /______ poprosit’ o jednu v
8. Nechcel íst’ so ______ /s ______.

Dialogue 2

(Audio 2:33)

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 KOLÁR Dobrý dep.
RECEPČNÁ Pekne vás vítam! Máte rezervované izby
KOLÁR Nie. Prišli sme práve teraz z Košíc. Nem
RECEPČNÁ Kol’ko je vás?
KOLÁR Je nás pät’. Potrebujeme tri izby, s vapo
sprchou. Moja matka by chcela mat’ vlas
RECEPČNÁ Bohužial’ nemáme jednolôžkové izby. U
dvojlôžkové a izby pre tri osoby.
KOLÁR Tak dobre, vezmeme dve izby. Dcéra mô
starou matkou a chlapec s nami.
RECEPČNÁ Ako dlho tu zostanete?
KOLÁR Dva dni. Kol’ko to bude stát’? Majú deti
RECEPČNÁ Áno. Moment, hned’ vám poviem. Menš
sprchou … šest’desiatpät’ eur na dep, vrá
Väčšia izba s vapou stojí osemdesiatdevä
sú zahrnuté v cene.
KOLÁR Dobre, berieme to.

Vocabulary
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 dni pl. of deň days
na deň per day
dvojlôžková izba double (bedded
jednolôžková izba single (bedded)
Kol’ko je vás? how many are t
menšia izba smaller room
nás, s nami (of) us, with us
u nás at us = here in o
osoba person
pre + acc. for
recepčný || recepčná receptionist
rezervovaný reserved, booke
sprcha shower
stará matka grandmother
stát’/stojí to cost
väčšia izba bigger room
vám, vás to you, (of) you
vaňa bath
vítat’ – vítam! to welcome – w
vlastný own
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 vrátane + gen. including
vziat’/vezmem, vzal pf. to take
zahrnutý included
zl’ava reduction
zostat’/zostanem < zostávat’ to stay

Exercise 5

Answer these questions on Dialogue 2.

1. Majú jednolôžkové izby?

2. Ako dlho tu zostanú?
3. Kde bude spat’ dcéra?
4. Kde bude spat’ chlapec?
5. Kol’ko stojí väčšia izba s vaňou?

Language points

‘We/us’ and ‘you’

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 acc./gen. nás, vás us, you/o
pre nás, pre vás for us, yo
od nás, od vás from us, y
dat. nám, vám ‘to/for’ us
k nám, k vám to(wards)
loc. o nás, o vás about us,
ins. (s) nami, (s) vami with us, y

Note the short a in nami, vami!

Basic word order for nás, vás is the same as for m
Kto vám pomáha? Who is helping yo

Pýtali sme sa vás, či ste nás videli včera v m

We asked you whether you saw us in town yester

Je nás pät’ There are five of us.

but: Sme traja. We are three.

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 More about telling the time

Learning to say the quarter and half hours is a bit tric

‘quarter past’ in Slovak you refer forward to the next
English:
Je štvrt’ na dve. It’s a quarter ‘onto two’ = p
Je štvrt na šest’. It’s a quarter ‘onto six’ = pa
Je štvrt’ na jednu. It’s quarter ‘onto one’ = pas

Similarly, for ‘half past’:

Je pol jednej. It’s half ‘of one’ = past twelve.
Je pol druhej. It’s half ‘of the second’ = past o
Je pol tretej. It’s half ‘of the third’ = past tw

For ‘a quarter to’ you say ‘three-quarters to’:

Je trištvrte na It’s ‘three-quarters to’ one =
jednu. one.
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 You can also add five or ten minute intervals like this
minúta ‘minute’:
Je o pät’ minút osem. It’s ‘in five minutes’ eight =
Je o desat’ minút pol It’s ‘in ten minutes’ half pa
ôsmej. twenty past seven.

O is also used to say ‘at’:

Prišli o pol deviatej. They arrived at half
Odišli o trištvrte na pät’. They left at a quarte

Do not add a second o ‘at’ if the time phrase already

O pät’ minút sedem zastavil pred hotelom.

At five minutes to seven he stopped in front of th

Specific delays are stated using meškat’ ‘to be delay

mat’ meškanie, literally ‘have a delay’:
Vlak mešká hodinu. The train is an
Máme meškanie dvadsat’ minút We are twent

The 24-hour clock

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 Je sedem hodín a pätnást’ minút.
It’s 7.15 (seven o’clock and 15 minutes).
Je trinást’ desat’ a desat’ sekúnd.
It’s 13.10 and ten seconds.
Vlak odchádza osem pät’.
The train leaves at 8.05.
Chytil rýchlik o sedemnást’ trinást’.
He caught the express at 17.13.

‘X-times’ – ‘x-krát’

To say ‘x-times’ you just add -krát to the number, or

phrases with the noun raz, gen. pl. ráz:
jedenkrát, jeden raz once, one time
dvakrát, dva razy twice, two tim
trikrát, tri razy thrice, three ti
štyrikrát, štyri razy four times
pät’krát, pät’ ráz five times

etc.
Similarly, for indefinite numbers of times:

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 Fractions etc.

The commonest lower fractions are:

polovica/polovina half
štvrtina a quarter
tri štvrtiny three quarte
tretina a third
dve tretiny two thirds

Fractions with higher numbers also use the suffix -in

pätina, šestina, sedmina, osmina, devätina

stotina 100th … , tisícina 1,000th

The shorter variants pol ‘half’ and štvrt’ ‘quarter’ ar

simple measures of quantity or time:
pol roka half a year pred pol rokom half a y

štvrt’ litra a quarter of a litre

tri štvrte kilometra three quarters of a kilome

Percentages use the noun percento:

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 pät’ percent five per cent
desat’ percent ten per cent etc.

Decimals are read out using celá as ‘whole number’.

word for ‘tenths’ at the irst decimal place is optional:

1,5 jedna celá pät’ (desatín) one whole fiv

3,1 tri celé jedna (desatina) three wholes
9,2 devät’ celých dve (desatiny) nine wholes t
0,05 nula celá pät’ stotín zero whole fi
or: nula celá nula pät’ zero whole ze

You don’t say ‘point’ – bodka is the word for ‘dot, pe

– nor do you say čiarka ‘comma’, which is how the d
written.

Exercise 6

Complete with correct forms of nás or vás and transla

1. Nevideli ______. (us)

2. Nepomáhali ______? (you)
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 5. Moment, hned’ ______ to poviem. (you)
6. Tento balík je pre ______. (you)

Exercise 7

Kol’ko je hodín? Kedy? What time is it? When? Reply

1. It’s a quarter past five.

2. It’s a quarter to five.
3. It’s half past five.
4. They left at half past nine.
5. They came at half past two.
6. The train leaves at a quarter past eleven.
7. At half past one we stopped in front of the hot

Exercise 8

You enter a hotel and try to book rooms, saying:

1. Do you have any rooms free?

2. There are six of us.

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 5. We need one double room, with a bath.
6. Is breakfast included in the price?
7. Good, we(‘ll) take it.

Dialogue 3

(Audio 2:35)

Where can they park the car? Is there a restaurant?

KOLÁR Kde môžeme zaparkovat’ auto?

RECEPǁNÁ Hned’ za hotelom je malé parkovisko. Tu
knihy. Prineste si batožinu, dajte mi pasy
kl’úoe. Vpravo je výt’ah, hned’ pôjdem s v
vám izby. Sú naozaj pekné, na tret’om po
krásnym výhl’adom na rieku, zámok a les
telefón, televízor a chladNičku. Rapajky s
pol siedmej do deviatej.
KOLÁR Môžeme tu aj veoerat’?
RECEPǁNÁ Bohužial’ nemáme vlastnú reštauráciu. O
námestí je vel’mi pekná vinárep, hned’ na

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 KOLÁR Neviete, Kol’ko je hodín? Zastavili sa mi
RECEPǁNÁ O pät’ minút’ trištvrte na osem.
KOLÁR Tak neskoro! Ďakujem vám. Rodina je as
teplo, slnko ešte svieti. Pôjdeme tam peši
po rodinu a zaparkujem auto.
RECEPǁNÁ Poviem vrátnikovi. Ak chcete, pomôže vá

Vocabulary
batožina luggage
hodinky f. pl. watch
chladnička fridge
íst’ si po + acc. go for, go
kl’úč key
krok step, pace
les forest
malý little
o kus d’alej a bit furth
odtial’to from here
parkovisko car-park,

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 pomôct’/pomôžem < pomáhat’ to help
poschodie floor, sto
slnko sun
televízor TV set
teplo warm(th)
ukázat’/ukážem < ukazovat’ to show
ulička dim. little stre
vrátnik || vrátnička porter
výhl’ad na + acc. view of
výt’ah lift, eleva
zámok, -mku château,
zaparkovat’ pf. of parkovat’ to park
zastavit’ sa < zastavovat’ sa to stop

Unit Thirteen
Ako mačka s myšou

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 In this unit you will learn about:

forms for ‘him’, ‘her’, ‘it’ and ‘them’

some basic ‘going’ verbs and verb prefixes
computer terms

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:37)

Milan’s involved with Sopa, and Zora’s very intereste

ZORA Kam šiel Milan?

DUŠAN Práve išiel do knižnice. Teraz tam stále chod
noviny. Chodí tam totiž aj Sopa, vieš. Rád s p
oitárni. Potom chodia spolu do jedálne alebo

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 ZORA Kto je vlastne tá Sopa?
DUŠAN Sopa je jeho spolužiaoka zo strednej školy. š
televíziu na Vysokej škole múzických umení.
kamaráti, poznajú sa tak desat’ rokov.
ZORA Je to fantastická blondínka, však? uudia na f
oasto rozprávajú.
DUŠAN Milan na pu stále čaká pred školou, alebo aj
napho čaká na zastávke elektrioky. Dnes bol
spokojná, dostala od neho strašne dlhý e-ma
ZORA Takže Milan je do nej zal’úbený?
DUŠAN Pravdaže! Nie je to na pom vidiet’? A
že ona sa s ním len hraje Ako maoka s myšou

Vocabulary
blondínka a blonde
čitáreň, -rne f. reading room
diskotéka disco
divadlo theatre
fakulta faculty
na fakulte at the faculty
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 chodit’ to go (habitually)
je to vidiet’ it is visible
jeho his
múzický lit. ‘of the Muses’, perf
múzické umenia the performing arts
myš, -i f. mouse
naňho onto/for him
neho, nemu, ňom, ním him
nej, ňou, ňu her
poznat’ sa to know each other
spolužiak || -žiačka fellow-student
stredný middle, central
stredná škola secondary school
takže so (that) …
však? = isn’t she?
vysoký high, tall
vysoká škola = university, college
zdat’ sa/zdá sa to seem

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 Answer these questions on Dialogue 1.

1. Kam išiel Milan?

2. Prečo tam stále chodí?
3. Kde na Sopu stále čaká Milan?
4. Kde napho niekedy čaká Sopa?

Language points

‘Her’ and ‘him’

The table gives the basic range of Slovak forms for bo

‘him’. Note that forms after prepositions all have init

ju – ho pre ňu – pre
acc. her – him for her –
neho
jej – ho od nej – od
gen. of her – of him from
neho
to/for her – him to(
dat. jej – mu k nej – k nemu
him
loc. o nej – o ňom about her – him
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 There is less variation for ‘her’ than for ‘him’. Which
for more than one case?
Word order is the same as for ‘me’ and other perso
Viera ju hl’adala. Viera was looking for
Ján sa ho stále pýtal, kam Ján kept asking him w
chce íst’. wanted to go.

‘Him’ and ‘her’ come after ‘me’, ‘you’ and ‘us’:

Dajte mi ho! Ja vám ho nedám! Give me him! I won’
Daj mi ju! Ja ti ju nedám! Give me her! I won’t

‘Her’ and ‘his’

Jej is also the possessive ‘her’, alongside possessive j

To je jej/jeho kniha. That is her/his book.
Hovoríme o jej/jeho knihe. We are talking about h

More about ‘him’

The form neho ‘him’ can shrink to -ňho or -ň after s

prepositions like pre, na, do ending in a vowel. Prep
‘him’ become a single word, e.g.
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 Two emphatic forms can be used without preposition
of ho, and jemu instead of mu. They often come at
of a sentence:
Jeho nevidím. lit. ‘Him I don’t see.’ I don’t s
Jemu to nepoviem. I won’t tell him.

‘It’ as the verb subject

If you need a non-specific or general subject word for

use neuter singular to ‘that’. But if ‘it’ refers to a part
already mentioned, you should use the matching gen
to:
Čo je to? To je kniha. What is it? It’s a book
Tá je dobrá. Je dobrá. That one is good. It’s g

Another word for ‘it’ is ono, used to refer to neuter n

beings, e.g. dievča ‘girl’ and diet’a ‘child’:
Ono spí. It’s asleep.

Other case forms for ‘it’

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 To je pekná záhrada. That’s a pretty garden.
Vidíš ju? Pozri na ňu. Do you see her/it? Look a

Masculine and neuter nouns are referred to by the ‘h

In the accusative you use ho and (after a preposition
To je pekný dom. That’s a nice house.
Vidíš ho? Pozri naň. Do you see him/it? Look at
Okno je špinavé. The window is dirty.
Vidíš ho? Vidíš cezeň? Do you see it? Do you see t

Two ‘going’ verbs

You have met two basic verbs for ‘to go’ or ‘to come’:
chodit’. Both are extremely common, but used some
differently.
The usual way to give the command ‘Go!’ is Chod’
to say ‘Come!’ (here and now) you say Pod’! Pod’te!
Otherwise, chodit’ denotes habitual or repeated a
refer to walking in general:
Chodí do školy. S/he goes to sch
Chodíme často do divadla. We often go to t
Obyčajne chodíme autobusom. We usually go b
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 Basically, íst’ refers to single acts:
Dnes ide pešo. Today s/he is going on foo
Včera išla vlakom. Yesterday she went by trai
Vlak ide pomaly. The train is going slowly.

The future of íst’ is special. You add pô-:

Zajtra pôjdem do školy. Tomorrow I’ll go to s
Pôjdeš so mnou? Will you come with m

The future of chodit’ is regular, as for imperfective v

Budem chodit’ do školy. I’ll be going to school (r

Exercise 2

Replace the names by correct forms for ‘her’, and tra

1. Vidím Sopu.
2. Pomáham Viere.
3. Idem s Hedou.
4. Hovorili sme o Zuzke.
5. Hl’adám pani Bednárovú.

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 Replace the names by correct forms for ‘him’ and tra

1. Nemám Michala rada.

2. Telefonujem otcovi.
3. Išla s Pavlom na koncert.
4. Nerád hovoril o bratovi.
5. Stretli sme pána Kováča pred divadlom.

Exercise 4

Translate using forms of chodit’ or íst’, as appropriat

1. She usually goes by train.

2. Yesterday she went by bus.
3. He often goes to the cinema.
4. Today he’s going to the theatre.
5. On Monday he went to a concert.
6. Will you go with me to the disco?

Dialogue 2

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 Zora continues her interest in Sopa and Milan.

ZORA Kde sú Milan a Soňa? Nevidíte ich? Viem, že

chvíl’ou. Chcela som sa s nimi rozprávat’ o v
DUŠAN O nich viem len to, že išli na obed. Presne o
dolu schodmi, vyšli z budovy, prešli cez nám
smerom na električku. Videl som ich, lebo so
prichádzal. Ked’ zasa prídu, poviem im, že si
Aký bol film?
ZORA Taliansky, skvelý. Milan a Soňa na ňom tiež
vraj ale, že sa im vôbec nepáčil. Chcela by so
počut’, čo proti nemu majú, lebo ma to vel’m
Podl’a mňa je to proste fantastická vec!
DUŠAN Asi tam bolo málo lásky, nie?
ZORA Práve naopak. Bolo tam tej lásky až privel’a!
DUŠAN Preto sa im to asi nepáčilo.
ZORA Asi máš pravdu.
DUŠAN Nemám proti nim v podstate Nič, ale sú to n
l’udia, títo dvaja!
ZORA No Nič. Aj ja pôjdem na obed. Zatial’ ahoj.
DUŠAN Čau.

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 aký bol? what was it like?
ale however
až privel’a to the point of too m
cez + acc. across
čudný strange, odd
chvíl’a – pred chvíl’ou a moment ago
ich, im (of) them, to/for the
láska love
na ňom on him/it = at it
nich, nim, nimi them
nie? no? = wasn’t there?
well, never mind (lit
no nič
nothing’)
odíst’ – odišli pf. to go away – they we
podl’a mňa according to me, in m
podstata basis
v podstate basically
prejst’ – prešli pf. to cross – they cross
prekvapit’ < prekvapovat’ to surprise
príst’/prídem <
to arrive
prichádzat’
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 schody m. pl. stairs, steps
dolu schodmi down the stairs
smerom na + acc. in the direction of
včerajší yesterday’s adj.
vôbec ne- not at all
vyjst’ – vyšli pf. to go out – they wen
zíst’ – zišli pf. to go down – they w

Exercise 5

Say the following, on the lines of Dialogue 2:

1. At exactly twelve o’clock …

2. … they went down the stairs …
3. … and went out of the building.
4. They crossed the square …
5. … and went off …
6. … in the direction of the tram.

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 Saying ‘them’

‘They’ as a separate word is oni, with a non-masculin

form ony. Case forms for ‘them’ are also used for thi
after prepositions again have initial n-.

acc. ich them

pre nich (ma.), pre ne (others) for t
gen. ich of th
od nich from
dat. im to/f
k nim to(w
loc. o nich abou
ins. (s) nimi with

Remember, ich is also the possessive ‘their’:

To je ich dom. That is their house.

‘Go in’, ‘go out’

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 Various perfective compounds are based on íst’ ‘to
imperfective pairs are based on -chádzat’. Here are
using prefixes vo-/v- ‘in’ and vy- ‘out’:

vojst’/vojdem, vošiel <

to go/come in, enter
vchádzat’
Vošiel dnu. He went in.
Vošla do obchodu. She went into the sh
They were just going
Práve vchádzali do domu.
house.

vyjst’/vyjdem, vyšiel <

to go/come out, exit
vychádzat’
Vyšla von. She went/came out.
Vyšiel z obchodu. He went/came out of
They were just comin
Práve vychádzali z domu.
house.

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 ‘Arrive’ and ‘depart’

Two more verbs use contrasting prefixes pri- ‘near’ a

príst’/prídem, prišiel < prichádzat’ to arrive, come

Autobus ešte neprišiel. The bus hasn’t co
Príd’te zajtra! Come tomorrow!

odíst’/odídem, odišiel <

to go away, depart
odchádzat’
Autobus už odišiel. The bus has now l
Anna will leave, go
Anna odíde zajtra.
tomorrow.

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 ‘Meet’ and ‘part’

Compare the similar use of contrasting prefixes z-/s-

(spelt according to pronunciation) and roz- ‘apart’. B
compounds add the reflexive sa:

zíst’ sa/zídem, zišiel sa < schádzat’ sa to come toge

Zišiel sa s kamarátom. He met with
They met in
Zišli sa pred divadlom.
theatre.

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 They parted
Rozišli sa po hodine.
hour/the cla

‘Up’ and ‘down’

Vy- can also mean ‘up’, while z-/s- can mean ‘down’:
Vyšli hore na prvé poschodie. They went up to the
Zišli dolu schodmi. They went down (b

Other verb prefixes

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 do- ‘Finish, Reach’ dôjst’/dôjdem, došiel
Arrive’

Došiel do školy. He reached school.

na- ‘upon’ nájst’/nájdem, našiel ‘to come

Našiel som knihu. I found a book.

o-/ob- ‘round’ obíst’/obídem, obišiel ‘to

Obišiel dom/okolo domu. He went round the

pod- ‘under, up to’ podíst’/podídem, pod

up to’

Podišla k oknu. She went up to the window.

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 ‘to go across, go through’

Prejdi/prejdite cez most! Go across the brid

Prejdite podchodom! Go through the su

u- ‘off, away’ ujst’/ujdem, ušiel ‘to get aw

Ušiel mi autobus. I missed the bus. (lit. ‘The bus es

za- ‘Behind, off’ zájst’/zájde, zašiel ‘to go

go/call in (for a purpose)’

Zašiel za roh. He went off round the cor

Slnko už zašlo. The sun has now set (gon
Zašli si na obed/do kina. They went in for lunch/to

‘Import’ and ‘export’

Another pair of verbs, related to viezt’ ‘to convey, tak

use the contrasting prefixes do- ‘into, up to, reach’ an
dovážat’ ‘to import’ and vyvážat’ ‘to export’.

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 Do Európskej únie viac vyvážame Ako dovážame.
We export more to the EU than we import.

The non-native verbs importovat’ and exportovat

alongside these (and are also used for referring to da
computing):
Exportujeme (tovar) do Číny. We export (goods)
Importujeme tovar z Pol’ska. We import goods fr

The non-native nouns import and export also com

native terms dovoz ‘import’ and vývoz ‘export’.
The corresponding perfective forms doviezt’ and
to complete occurrences, and are often used in other
involving bringing and taking:

Tento rok sme vyviezli viac výrobkov Ako vlani.

This year we exported more products than last.

Lanovka nás vyviezla na Lomnický štít.

The cable-car took us up to Lomnický štít.

Doviezli nás do hotela.

They took (drove) us to the hotel.

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 Replace these pairs of names by correct forms for ‘th
translate.

1. Vidíte Milana a Soňu?

2. Hovorili sme práve o Pavlovi a Petrovi.
3. Zatelefonovala matke a sestre.
4. Išli k Viere a Zuzane na večeru.
5. Dostali sme od Jany a Jozefa pekný list.

Exercise 7

Give the opposites of these prefixed verbs of motion.

1. Vyšiel.
2. Prišla.
3. Zišli sa.
4. Vyšli hore.
5. Odchádzajú.
6. Vchádzajú.
7. Príst’.
8. Vojst’.
9. Prídeme.
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 Exercise 8

Translate using compounds of íst’.

1. They went into the house.

2. The train has now left.
3. They parted in front of the theatre.
4. JANKO went into the library.
5. Viera went round the theatre and crossed the
6. We found a lovely wine bar.
7. The boy went up to the window.

Computer terms

These are often borrowed from English, though man

commonly needed terms have acquired native equiva
some vocabulary to help you start talking about these
Slovak. Some useful verbs first:

to blog blogovat’
coll. browsovat’ [brousovat’
to browse the Internet
internete
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 (po)kecat’
to click (on the icon) kliknút’ (na ikonu) pf., kli
to connect (to the pripojit’ sa pf. (k internetu
Internet, to the wifi) internet, na wifi)
to copy and paste text (s)kopírovat’ a vložit’ pf. te
to delete (a file) zmazat’/zmažem, zmažeš
to download (from
stiahnut’ (z internetu) pf.
the Internet)
to email e-mailovat’ [imejlovat’], coll
to (not) function/be
(ne)fungovat’
working
my Internet’s not nejde mi internet! nejde m
working! ‘isn’t going’)
to log in/on prihlásit’ sa pf., zalogovat’
to log out/off odhlásit’ sa pf., odlogovat’
to open/close a file otvorit’/zatvorit’ súbor pf.
to print vytlačit’ pf.
to save uložit’ pf.
to search (on the
vyhl’adávat’ (na internete
Internet)
to surf surfovat’ (po internete)
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 to switch on zapnút’ pf.
to type = to write písat’/píšem

And a few relevant nouns:

browser prehliadač
browsing coll. browsovanie [brous
chat site pokec = Pokec.sk
computer počítač
connection (to the
pripojenie (na internet
Internet)
database databáza
disk; hard disk disk; pevný disk
document dokument
Word document dokument vo Worde [v
download(ing) stiahnutie, st’ahovanie
elektronická pošta, e-m
email
coll. mejl
file súbor
attached file priložený súbor
flash drive, USB stick fleška, USB kl’úč

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 Internet café internetová kaviareň f.
keyboard klávesnica
link odkaz
memory pamät’, -i f.
message správa
modem modem
monitor monitor
mouse myš, -i f.
mouse mat podložka pod myš
network, net siet’ – siete f.
notebook (computer) notebook [noudbuk], coll
password heslo
PowerPoint presentation prezentácia v PowerPo
printer tlačiareň f.
scanner skener
search engine vyhl’adávač
surfing surfovanie
username užívatel’ské meno
virus vírus
web page webová stránka, coll. we
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 Reading

Milan a Soňa yet again …

Milan a Sopa sa zišli o pol jednej v hale univerzitnej k

trištvrte na jednu zišli dolu schodmi a vyšli z budovy.
minúty, prešli podchodom na druhú stranu ulice a ob
obchodného domu. Už bola o pät’ minút jedna. Zašli
obed a našli tam aj Vieru Kolárovú. Viera ich síce pria
pozdravila ale bolo jasné, že s pou nie je nieko v poria
minút sa jej kamarát vrátil, hádala sa s ním asi pät’ m
nAkoniec odišli spolu. Milan so Sopou sa naobedoval
rozprávali sa vyše pol hodiny. O pol tretej vyšli z viná
prechádzali sa tak dvadsat’ minút po námestí. Rozišli
minút tri.

Vocabulary
druhý the other, second
hádat’ sa to quarrel
hala hall
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 naobedovat’ sa pf. have dinner
obíst’ – obišli to go round – they w
okolo + gen. around
po + loc. about, over, up and d
podchod underpass
pozdravit’ pf. to greet
prechádzat’ sa to walk
priatel’sky in a friendly way
rozíst’ sa – rozišli sa pf. to part – they parted
strana side, also: (political)
vyše more than
zíst’ sa – zišli sa pf. to meet – they met

Unit Fourteen
Sveter, Tatry a L’udovít Š
A sweater, the Tatras and L’udov
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 comparisons
soft adjectives
expressing preference
points of the compass
other plural forms
more ‘going’ and ‘taking’ verbs

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:42)

Peter tries to buy a sweater.

PETER Dobrý dep. Môžete mi ukázat’ ten žlt

ten modrý?
PREDAVAČKA Tu sú. Nech sa páči, vyberte si. Obidv
Modrý je tenší, ale drahší, z trošku m
kvalitnejšej vlny. Žltý je hrubší, ovel’a
teplejší, a tiež vel’mi kvalitný.

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 PREDAVAČKA Rovných dvadsat’ eur.
PETER Zvyčajne nosím oíslo štyridsat’ štyri.
malý, potrebujem väošie oíslo. Nemá
alebo tmavšiu farbu?
PREDAVAČKA Áno, máme. tu máte väošie oísla. Poz
hnedé alebo tieto biele. ak chcete, mô
vyskúšat’. tu vpravo je kabínka.
PETER [o chvíl’u sa vráti] tento hnedý je mi
sa mi páči.
PREDAVAČKA Áno, svedoí vám.
PETER Dobre, vezmem si ho.
PREDAVAČKA Dvadsat’ eur. makujem. Hned’ vám h

Vocabulary
akurát, je mi akurát it’s an exact fit
číslo number, size
drahý, -ší dear, dearer
farba colour
hrubý, -ší thick, thicker
kabínka cabin, cubicle
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 lepšie better
mäkký, mäkší soft, softer
obidva both
ovel’a much (+ -er)
pozrite si! look at!
pristat’/pristane pf. to suit, fit
rovný straight, exact
svedčí vám it suits you
svetlý, -ejší light-coloured, lig
tenký, tenší thin, thinner
teplý, -ejší warm, warmer
tmavý, -ší dark, darker
vel’ký, väčší big, bigger
vlna wool (also: wave)
vlnený woollen
vyberte si! choose!
vyskúšat’ si pf. to try on
žltý yellow

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 Try to remember how the yellow and blue sweaters w
in Dialogue 1 and translate these sentences.

1. Both are woollen.

2. The blue one is thinner.
3. But more expensive.
4. Of softer and better quality wool.
5. The yellow one is thicker.
6. It’s much cheaper.
7. But warmer.
8. And also very good quality.

Dialogue 2

(Audio 2:44)

Zuzana tries to buy a shirt or blouse.

PREDAVAČ Želáte si?

ZUZANA Len sa tak pozerám. Moment – môžete m
tamtie blúzky? tú bielu, tú zelenú a tú oe
makujem.
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 PREDAVAČ Táto biela je samozrejme drahšia Ako tá
je hodvábna. tá oervená je lacnejšia, ale
bavlny. Zelená blúzka má krátke rukávy
najlacnejšia, polyesterová, ale kvalitná a
najobl’úbenejšia.
ZUZANA Tá biela sa mi vôbec nepáči.
PREDAVAČ Skôr sa hodí pre staršiu paniu, však?
ZUZANA Tá oervená sa mi najviac páči. Má širšie
golier. Gombíky má tiež lepšie Ako tá ze
celkom elegantnejšia, má najkrajší strih
hádam vel’ká. Nemáte menšie oíslo?
PREDAVAČ Žial’, táto je posledná, čo máme. tieto bl
obl’úbené, viete. Budúci týždeň máme d
ale neviem aké farby.
ZUZANA Škoda. No Nič. Mohli by ste mi ukázat’,
pánske košele? Môj mladší brat bude m
narodeniny.
PREDAVAČ Pozrite si tieto páskované a kockované k
ZUZANA Tieto sú ovel’a lepšie Ako tie dámske! a m
výber! kúpim si hádam aj jednu pre seba

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 ako here = than
bavlna cotton
bohatý, -ší rich, richer
budúci next, coming,
dámsky ladies’
elegantný, -nejší (more) elegant
golier collar
gombík button
hodit’ sa to be suitable
kockovaný checked
krásny, najkrajší beautiful, mos
krátky short
látka material, fabri
Len sa tak pozerám. I’m just lookin
malý, menší small, smaller
máme dostat’ we’re supposed
mladý, -ší young, younge
naj- most, -est
najviac most, most of
obl’úbený, najobl’úbenejší popular, most

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 páskovaný striped
polyesterový polyester adj.
rukáv sleeve
široký, širší wide, wider
starý, -ší old, older
strih cut
úzky, užší narrow, narrow
výber selection
žial’ unfortunately

Exercise 2

What does Zuzana say about the red blouse?

1. I like the red one best.

2. It has wider sleeves.
3. And a narrower collar.
4. The buttons are better.
5. It’s more elegant.
6. It has the most beautiful cut.

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 Language points

Comparative adjectives ending in -ší

In english we can make comparisons by adding ‘-er’ t

by prefacing them with ‘more’). In Slovak you often r
-ší. these forms are called comparatives. For ‘than’ in
comparisons you use ako or než.
Pavol je starší ako ja. Pavol is older tha
Pavol je mladší než Peter. Pavol is younger

To say ‘much’ e.g. smaller, you add ovel’a, literally ‘b

Notice the feminine ending -šia:

Zuzana je ovel’a mladšia ako Viera.

Zuzana is much younger than Viera.

Here are some common examples, grouped by mean

starý – starší older
mladý – mladší young
nový – novší newer
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 hlboký – hlbší deeper
nízky – nižší lower
široký – širší wider
úzky – užší narrowe
t’ažký – t’ažší heavier
l’ahký – l’ahší lighter
krátky – kratší shorter
dlhý – dlhší longer

A few are very irregular:

malý – menší smaller
vel’ký – väčší bigger, greater
dobrý – lepší good/better
zlý – horší bad/worse

krásny/pekný – krajší
beautiful, pretty/more beautiful, prettier

Longer comparatives ending in -ejší

Many other adjectives have longer comparatives in -e

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 many less basic (derived) adjectives.

Learn these common examples, again grouped by me

silný – silnejší stronge

but: slabý – slabší weaker
rýchly – rýchlejší quicker
but: pomalý – pomalší slower
múdry – múdrejší wiser
hlúpy – hlúpejší sillier
chudobný – chudobnejší poorer
but: bohatý – bohatší richer
zložitý – zložitejší more co
but: jednoduchý – jednoduchší simpler

Superlatives with the prefix naj-

To say ‘oldest’, ‘youngest’ etc. you simply add naj- to

comparative -ší form. these naj- forms are called sup
najstarší oldest
najlepší best

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 najhorší worst

Pavol je starší ako ja, ale Peter je najstarší

Pavol is older than me, but Peter is the oldest of u
us’).

Ivan je môj najlepší kamarát. Ivan’s my b

Soft adjectives ending in -í

So-called soft adjectives ending in -í (or shortened -i

much like standard adjectives, but with some ‘soft’ vo
endings:

Rule: ý/y, á, é, ú become ‘soft’ vowels í/i, ia, ie, iu

Comparatives ending in -ší/-ejší are soft adjectives,

accordingly:

starší (muž), staršia (žena), staršie (auto)

Hl’adám staršieho muža, staršiu ženu.

I’m looking for an older man/woman.

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 There are not all that many soft adjectives, apart from
comparatives/ superlatives, but other common exam
‘foreign’, domáci ‘native/domestic’, svieži ‘fresh’, th
numeral tretí ‘third’.

Viera býva na tret’om poschodí.

Viera lives on the third floor.

Káva je cudzie alebo domáce slovo?

Is ‘coffee’ a foreign or a native word?

Všetci máme radi svieži vzduch.

We all like fresh air.

The forms of the interrogative čí, čia, čie ‘whose?’ al

soft adjectives:
Čia je to kniha? Whose book is that?

You can find a complete table of adjective forms in th

summary.

‘More’ and ‘most’ quickly etc.

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 ejšie:

Pavol behá rýchlejšie Ako ja.

Pavol runs more quickly/quicker than me.

Ale Peter behá najrýchlejšie.

But Peter runs most quickly/quickest.

Similarly:

Viera spieva dobre, lepšie Ako ja.

Viera sings well, better than me.

Viera spieva zle, horšie Ako ja.

Viera sings badly, worse than me.

‘More’ and ‘less’

Viac ‘more’, najviac ‘most’ are used for comparison

vel’a ‘a lot’:
Robí vel’a, má vel’a peňazí. S/he works a lot, has
Robí viac Ako ja. S/he works more tha
Má najviac peňazí. She has the most mo

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 Robí málo, má málo peňazí. S/he works little
money.
Robí menej, má najmenej S/he works less,
peňazí. money.

For ‘more than’ with numbers you can say vyše ‘over
Robí tu vyše dvadsat’ l’udí. Over twenty peopl

Expressing preference

To say that you prefer or like doing something ‘better

comparative/superlative forms radšej/najradšej, f
Rád/rada pozerám I like watching TV.
televíziu.
Radšej čítam a najradšej I prefer reading and
spím. best.

Similarly, to say you prefer a thing, use mat’ radšej

Mám radšej/najradšej I prefer cotton. I lik
bavlnu. better/best.

For immediate preference when given a choice, howe

sa viac/najviac ‘to please more/most’:
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 Exercise 3

You are talking about clothes and you say:

1. This blouse is cheaper.

2. These buttons are better.
3. This sweater is dearer than that blue one.
4. I like the white blouse best, it has the prettiest
5. These shirts are warmer, of better-quality ma
6. This shirt is (too) small for me, I need a bigge
7. This shirt has shorter sleeves.

Exercise 4

Replace the regular adjectives by superlatives and tra

1. Eva je mladá.
2. Otec je starý.
3. Zuzana je moja dobrá kamarátka.
4. Igor je silný, ale Peter je rýchly.

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 7. Tvoje auto je nové.
8. Toto mesto je staré a krásne.

Exercise 5

Complete, using comparatives, and translate.

1. Ivan je ______ Ako ja. (more stupid)

2. Mária je ______ Ako Viera. (older)
3. Pán rojČo je ______ Ako pán Novák. (richer
4. Evioka je ______ Ako ja. (smaller)
5. Pavol je ______ Ako ja. (bigger)

Dialogue 3

(Audio 2:46)

Peter wants advice about where to go in the High tatr

PETER Pani Bártová, mohli by ste mi láskavo por

som íst’ do Vysokých tatier. kam by som m
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 najpopulárnejšími rekreaonými strediska
Smokovec, najväošie stredisko, severne o
potom na západe Štrbské Pleso a na výcho
Lomnica. Idete sám alebo s nejakými kam
PETER Idem s kolegami z kancelárie, ktorí v tatrá
Ako sa do tatier najlepšie dostaneme?
BÁRTOVÁ Aj vlakom aj autobusom sa dá íst’, do Pop
do tatranskej Lomnice. Do Popradu sa tie
niekedy lietadlom.

Map by Kristoffer Blegvad

Vocabulary
file:///C:/Users/ooopa/Pictures/FUNNY/Funny War 37/perlego.html
 láskavo kindly
lietadlo plane
mal by ought to
pleso mountain lake
populárny popular
poradit’ pf. of radit’ to advise
rekreačný recreational
severne od north from
stredisko centre
Tatry the tatras
do Tatier to the tatras
ubytovanie accommodation
východ, na východe the east, in the e
západ, na západe the west, in the w

Dialogue 4

(Audio 2:48)

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 PETER A z Popradu d’alej?
BÁRTOVÁ Odtial’ chodí do Vysokých tatier elektriok
pomalá, ale máš pekný výhl’ad na hory. a
rôzne lanovky a vleky pre lyžiarov a turist
tatranskej Lomnice na Skalnaté pleso a L
PETER Ktoré kopce sú najvyššie?
BÁRTOVÁ Medzi najvyššie patria kriváp, Gerlachovs
najvyšší) a Lomnický štít. Priamo na horá
ubytovanie v rôznych horských hoteloch a
chatách. ubytovanie sa dá samozrejme ob
vopred v cestovných kanceláriách, v Popr
Smokovci a tak d’alej. Želám vám peknú d
Bohužial’, ja som na takéto horské túry už
PETER Ďakujem za praktickú radu! Chystám sa t
mesiac a prinesiem vám potom ukázat’ fo
dúfam, že si nezlomím nohu!

Vocabulary
cestovná kancelária travel office
dovolenka holiday
existovat’ to exist
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 horný upper
horský hotel mountain hote
chata chalet
chystat’ sa to prepare to
lanovka chair-lift, cable
lyžiar || –ka skier
noha leg
objednat’ < objednávat’ to order, book
odtial’ from there
patrit’ medzi + acc. to belong amon
pomalý slow
poskytnút’ < poskytovat’ to offer
praktický practical
rada advice
rôzny various
skala rock
skalnatý rocky
štít peak, shield, ga
túra hike
turista || turistka tourist
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 vopred beforehand, in
vysoký, vyšší high/er
zlomit’ si pf. to break

Language points

Directions

The four points of the compass are:

sever, juh, východ a západ north, south, eas

For ‘in (the north)’ etc. you say na ‘on’ in Slovak. For
the verb žit’/žijem ‘to live’:
Žijem na severe, na juhu. I live in the north,
Žijú na východe, na západe. They live in the ea

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 Letia zo severu na juh. They fly from the north

The corresponding adjectives are quite simple:

Severná/Južná Amerika
North/South america (continents, capitalised)

východná/západná Európa Eastern Europe, W

Východ ‘east’ means basically ‘coming up/out’, as in

slnka ‘sunrise’, while západ ‘west’ means ‘falling, se
západ slnka ‘sunset’.
The noun východ also means ‘exit’, alongside vch
e.g. núdzový východ ‘emergency exit’.

Plural case forms

The following are the standard plural case forms of n

adjectives, shown by the phrase tie vysoké hory ‘th
mountains’.

gen. do tých vysokých hôr i

dat. k tým vysokým horám t
loc. na tých vysokých horách o
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 Most nouns have dative -ám, locative -ách and instr
as above, but masculine nouns have -om, -och and -

k tým študentom, o tých študentoch, pred

študentmi
towards, about, in front of those students

Plural case variants

If the masculine instrumental ending -mi would be a

because of a preceding consonant cluster or m, you r
ami. the ending -ami is likewise applied to masculin
ending in -o or -a (except for vowel + -ta):

pred chlapcami, domami, kolegami

in front of the boys, houses, colleagues

Following long vowels, ý becomes y, and á becomes a

law’):
o tých krásnych žiačkách about those lovely

After soft consonants ý/y becomes í/i, and á become

na širších uliciach on the wider stre

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 Like íst’ + chodit’ ‘to go’, a few other pairs of verbs d
between single actions and habitual, repeated or gen
Two of these pairs are verbs for speedy movement,
bežat’/bežím + behat’
letiet’/letím + lietat’

Three other pairs are basic verbs for ‘carry/take’. We

single-action forms already:
niest’ + nosit’ to carry
viezt’ + vozit’ to convey (by vehicle)
viest’ + vodit’ to lead

The single-action verbs form a future tense with the p

Poletím. I’ll fly.
Ponesiem. I’ll carry.

Compare usage of the two kinds of verbs in the follow

Do práce chodí električkou. S/he goes to work b
Dnes ide peši. today s/he’s going o
Nerád/nerada behá. S/he doesn’t like ru
Dnes beží do školy. today s/he’s runnin
Často lieta do Paríža. S/he often flies to P

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 Dnes nesie tašku. today s/he’s carryin
Vozí ich často do lesa. S/he often takes the
Dnes ich vezie na today s/he’s taking
kúpalisko. outdoor pool.
Zvyčajne ich vodí po S/he usually takes t
meste. town.
Dnes ich vedie do today s/he’s taking
múzea. museum.

Nosit’ also means ‘to wear’ (habitually).

Zvyčajne nosí S/he usually wears specta
okuliare.
Ale dnes nemá But today s/he doesn’t ha
okuliare. (on).

More verbs with pri-, od-

Compounds of the verbs just discussed above, with p

od- etc., simply form standard perfective–imperfecti
pribehnút’ < pribiehat’ to run up, arrive
odletiet’ < odlietat’ to fly off, depart f
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 privážat’ ‘to bring by vehicle’, and priviest’ < priv
bring by leading’. With the prefix od- they mean ‘tak
instead:
Priniesol jej kyticu. He brought her a bouque
Priviedol ju do izby. He brought/led her into
Odniesol jedlo. He took/carried away the
Odviezol ju domov. He took her home.

Exercise 6

Many names for towns or villages are plural. Often th

(feminine) or -any (masculine). Complete with the n
and translate.

1. Býva v ______ ______. (trenoianske teplice

2. Jej brat študuje v ______. (košice)
3. Jej matka býva v ______ ______. (Nové Zá
4. Jeho otec býva v ______. (topol’oany)
5. Jeho dcéra býva v ______. (Piešt’any)
6. Ján Hollý býval v ______. (Madunice)

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 Place-name types in -ice and -any both have zero ge
Complete and translate.

1. Išli sme do ______. (košice)

2. Jej otec je z ______. (topol’oany)
3. Ideme do ______. (Piešt’any)
4. Idú do ______ ______. (trenoianske teplice
5. Jeho sestra je z ______ ______. (Nové Zám

Exercise 8

Complete as suggested and translate.

1. Hovorili sme o tých ______ ______. (amer

2. Ide s ______ do divadla. (friends)
3. Varí ______ obed. (the sisters)
4. Píše ______ krátky odkaz. (the brothers)
5. Ubytovanie objednáva v ______ ______. (t
6. Kupuje knihy o ______ ______ a ______.
castles)
7. Idú so ______ na koncert. (students)
8. Ideme so ______ na večeru. (female student
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 Exercise 9

Translate with the correct simple verbs of motion.

1. Today I’m flying to Bratislava.

2. I don’t like flying.
3. He always wears lovely shirts.
4. Today you are carrying a suitcase.
5. Usually you carry a briefcase or a bag.
6. He often runs in the park.
7. Today he’s running to work.

Exercise 10

Talk about travel and say the following:

1. I’d like to go to Piešt’any.

2. How do I get there?
3. I’m going there with friends from school.
4. How long does the journey last?
5. Should I go by train or by car?

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 O dejinách Bratislavy a zaoiatkoch spisovnej sloveno
history of Bratislava and the beginnings of standard

Nad sútokom Dunaja a Moravy, ned’aleko Bratislavy

Devín. Na vysokom brale bola rímska a neskoršie aj s
pevnost’. Devín sa v devätnástom storooí stal národn
pamätná tabul’a na zrúcaninách hradu pripomína slá
uudovíta Štúra so slovenskými študentmi na Devín v

Staršie historické meno Bratislavy bol Prešporok. Vy

mestom, hned’ vedl’a širokej modernej magistrály s m
Dunaj, stojí Bratislavský hrad. Cisár Jozef II (= druhý
terézie, tu založil seminár na vzdelávanie katolíckych
seminári študoval anton Bernolák, ktorý v roku 1787
slávny návrh spisovnej slovenoiny.

Vocabulary
bralo crag, rock
cisár emperor
dejiny f. pl. history
devätnásty nineteenth

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 kňaz priest
magistrála major trunk road
nad + ins. above
národný national
návrh proposal
ned’aleko + gen. not far from
neskorší later adj.
pamätný commemorative
pevnost’ fort
pripomínat’ to commemorate
rímsky Roman
seminar seminary
slávny famous
slovanský Slav(ic), Slavonic
spisovný standard literary
storočie century
sútok, -u confluence
symbol symbol
tabul’a plaque, tablet
vydat’ < vydávat’ to publish
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 vzdelávanie the educating, train
začiatok, -tku beginning
založit’ < zakladat’ to found
zrúcaniny f. pl. ruins

Reading 2

O Bernolákovej a Štúrovej slovenoine

About Bernolák’s and Štúr’s Slovak

Bernolák umrel v Nových Zámkoch v roku 1813. Jeho

na druhej strane magistrály, pred dómom svätého M
ktorom sa oasto korunovali uhorskí králi. Za dómom
pomník najslávnejšieho spisovatel’a Bernolákovej slo
básnika Jána Hollého. Hollý bol asi tridsat’ rokov far
Maduniciach v údolí Váhu, medzi trnavou a Piešt’anm

Bernolákova slovenoina sa síce nestala dnešným spis

jazykom, ale silne zapôsobila na viac-menej modernú
spisovnej reoi, ktorú vytvoril uudovít Štúr spolu s iný
spisovatel’mi v štyridsiatych rokoch devätnásteho sto
študoval na evanjelickom lýceu na konventnej ulici a
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 JANKO král’ a andrej Sládkovio. V starých budovách
vedecká knižnica a Ústav slovenskej literatúry Sloven
vied.

Vocabulary
akadémia academy
básnik poet
dóm cathedral
evanjelický Lutheran
farár vicar, parish prie
jazyk language, tongue
korunovat’ sa to be crowned
král’ king
lýceum – lýcea n. lycée, college
národ nation
podoba form
pomník memorial (statue
reč, -i f. language, speech
spisovatel’ || –ka writer

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 in the forties (lit
v štyridsiatych rokoch
years’)
údolie valley
uhorský (old) Hungarian
umriet’/umriem, umrel <
to die
umierat’
ústav institute
veda science
vedecký scientific, schola
viac-menej more or less
vytvorit’ < vytvárat’ to create
zapôsobit’ pf. of pôsobit’ to have an influe

Unit Fifteen
Čo keby?
What if?

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 ‘would’, ‘if’ and ‘in order to’
possessives
saying ‘allow’ and ‘forbid’
expressing hopes and fears
higher ordinal numerals
the date and year

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:50)

What would you do if you suddenly became a million

HELENA Čo by si robil, keby si zajtra vyhral hxbu pe

sa stal odrazu milionárom? Prestal by si pr
MILAN Hej, hned’ by som prestal pracovat’. Predal
malý byt v Petržalke a kúpil by som si krásn
vel’kou záhradou. A tiež zopár luxusných á
by som po svete. A ty?
HELENA Zišli by sa mi tie peniaze, ale rozhodne by s
chodit’ do práce, lebo ma to miesto v knižn
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 nehrajú v mojom živote až takú vel’kú rolu
som neodišla z roboty. Aj keby mi niekto d
dolárov.

Vocabulary
aj keby even if
až takú quite such
bavit’ to amuse
By would
dolár, -a, pl. doláre dollar
hxba a heap, pi
keby if
luxusný luxury
miesto place, job
milión million
milionár || -ka millionair
odrazu suddenly
peniaze m. pl., gen. peňazí money
po + loc. about, ove

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 stály constant,
svet world
svoj one’s own
vila villa
vyhrat’ < vyhrávat’ to win
zamestnanie employm
zíst’ sa to come in

Exercise 1

Answer this question on the dialogue as suggested.

Čo by robil Milan, keby vyhral hxbu peňazí?

1. He’d stop working, or he’d leave work.

2. He’d sell his small flat in Petržalka.
3. He’d buy a beautiful old villa with a large gard
4. And a couple of luxury cars.
5. And he’d travel all over the world.

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 (Audio 2:52)

The discussion continues, moving on to unemployme

MILAN Poznáš môjho staršieho brata? Nemá žiadn
a je sám so sebou celkom spokojný a št’astn
HELENA Pozri sa na mojich rodičov. Celý život praco
alebo v kancelárii a teraz, hoci nie sú vôbec
nezamestnaní, sedia doma a nevedia, čo m
dep si len čítajú noviny, pozerajú televíziu,
svoju situáciu a spomínajú si na staré časy.
MILAN Tvoji rodičia nie sú vôbec typický príklad.
HELENA Neviem, či máš celkom pravdu. Dnes je u n
Slovensku vel’a nezamestnaných l’udí. Pod
názoru by všetci mali mat’ právo na prácu.
MILAN Aj na oddych! Nie je to ale trochu staromód

Vocabulary
celkom entirely
fabrika factory
majú they should, ought to
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 podl’a môjho názoru in my view
nezamestnaný unemployed
oddych rest, leisure
ponosovat’ sa na + acc. to complain about
právo na + acc. a right to
príklad example
sám so sebou with himself (lit. ‘himself
staromódny old-fashioned
št’astný happy
typický typical

Language points

‘Will’ and ‘would’ when reporting speech

Often English ‘would’ comes out as ‘will’ in Slovak. T

when reporting someone’s words you don’t change th
English. Someone says:
Prídem zajtra I will come tomorrow.

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 Povedal, že príde zajtra.
He said (that) he would come tomorrow.

‘If’ and ‘would’

One common word for ‘if’ is keby. It actually consist

elements, ke- in combination with the conditional by
already know, means basically ‘would’ when combine
tense forms in Slovak.
Keby is used if there is a ‘would’, expressed again
main clause, referring to something that might never

Keby som mal čas, išiel by som do kina.

If I had time, I would go to the cinema.

Keby mal peniaze, kúpil by si dom.

If he had money, he would buy a house.

Čo by ste robili, keby ste nemali peniaze?

What would you do, if you didn’t have money?

‘If’ and ‘will’

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 verb in the future tense, unlike English:

Ak budeme mat’ čas, pôjdeme do kina.

If we have time, we’ll go to the cinema.

Ak nepríde, pôjdeme domov.

If he doesn’t come, we’ll go home.

‘If’ and ‘whether’

When ‘if’ means ‘whether’ (in reporting or discussing

is expressed by či:

Pýtal sa, či prídem. He asked me if/whether I wo

The question was: Prídeš? or Prídete? Will you come

Neviem, či prídu. I don’t know if/whether they w

The question was: Prídu? Will they come?

‘My’ and other similar possessives

The case forms of môj ‘my’ differ a bit from those of

adjectives:

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 acc. môjho brata, moje auto – moju izbu g
brata – od mojej izby
dat. k môjmu bratovi – k mojej izbe
loc. o mojom bratovi – o mojej izbe
ins. pred mojím bratom – pred mojou izbou

Plural
nom. moji bratia – moje autá, izby
acc. mojich bratov (rest = nom.)
gen. od mojich bratov
dat. k mojim bratom
loc. o mojich bratoch
ins. pred mojimi bratmi

Possessive tvoj ‘your’ (i.e. possession by ty ‘you’) has

endings, but always with a short o. Náš ‘our’ and váš
(possession by vy) have the same endings, with a lon
case forms where môj has ô:
Nepozná môjho/nášho brata. He doesn’t know
Hl’adám tvoju/vašu sestru. I’m looking for
Pozná našich rodičov? Does s/he know

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 The possessive svoj ‘one’s own’, related to sa ‘(one)s
to possession by the subject of the verb. Its forms are
of tvoj. It means ‘my (own)’ if the subject is ‘I’, ‘your
‘you’, and so on:
Stratil som svoj kl’úč. I’ve lost my [own] k
Stratila si svoju knihu? Have you lost your
Viera stratila svoju knihu. Viera has lost her [

Exercise 2

Complete as suggested and translate.

1. Keby ______ oas, ______ po svete. (I had …

2. Keby ______ peniaze, čo ______? (you did
would you do)
3. ______ mi toto slovo? (would you translate)
4. ______ príst’ zajtra? (couldn’t she)
5. Neviem, ______. (if Viera will come)

Exercise 3
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 1. The cat is in my room.
2. The key is in your pocket (vrecko).
3. My coat is in your car.
4. Your magazines are on my chair.
5. Do you know our American and English collea
6. She was talking about your friends.
7. She was talking about her (own) friends.
8. He is talking about her friends.
9. I left my book on your table.

Dialogue 3

(Audio 2:53)

Selling Grandad’s house, amidst some rather comple

…

PETER Chceš, aby som ti prečítal Vierin e-mail? Dos

včera. Píše o rodiooch Zuzaninho kamaráta P
predat’ dedov dom.

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 PETER Predávajú ho, aby sa mohli Pavlovi bratia pre
Bratislavy a kúpit’ si tam byty.
EDITA A čo Pavlove sestry? Nepotrebujú tiež peniaz
PETER Pravdaže, ale sú ešte mladé a aj tak im nieko
z predaja. A strýkov dom v Martine je tiež do

Vocabulary
a čo and what about
aby that, to, in order t
aj tak even so
dedo – dedov grandfather – gra
idú predat’ they’re about to s
najskôr most likely
ostat’/ostanem < ostávat’ to remain, stay, b
-ov, -in = ‘s
Pavol – Pavlovi, Pavlove Pavol – Pavol’s
predaj the sale
prest’ahovat’ sa pf. to move house
raz, gen. pl. ráz (one) time, instan

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 Strýko – strýkov uncle – uncle’s
Viera – Vierin Viera – Viera’s
Zuzana – Zuzanin Zuzana – Zuzana

Dialogue 4

(Audio 2:55)

Whose things are whose? Janko’s attitudes are a bit p

JANKO Čia je to aktovka? Máš návštevu?

ZUZKA To je Ivanova aktovka.
JANKO A oie sú to topánky?
ZUZKA To sú bratove nové topánky. Pekné, však?
JANKO Hej, ale Petrove oierne topánky sú ešte krajš
auto pred domom?
ZUZKA To je otcovo auto. Kúpil si ho dnes. Ako sa ti
JANKO Vel’mi sa mi páči! Je ešte lepšie Ako sestrino
otecko stále odmieta kúpit’ nový bicykel?! Ir
lepší Ako môj a ona je dievoa!

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 Vocabulary
bicykel, -kla, pl. -kle bicycle
čí, čia, čie whose?
ešte krajšie even lovel
odmietnut’ < odmietat’ to refuse
otec – otcov father – fa
otecko dad
sestrino sister’s

Dialogue 5

(Audio 2:56)

What’s the date?

JANKO Kol’kého je dnes?

ZUZKA Je dvadsiateho siedmeho júla. V auguste ide
JANKO Hej, prvého augusta! O necelý týždeň! Strašn
teším! Vrátime sa až desiateho októbra.
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 ZUZKA Taký starý olovek! Ja mám narodeniny ôsme
Zakaždým sneží, nenávidím sneh a budem m
rokov.
JANKO Kedy si sa narodila?
ZUZKA V roku tisícdevät’sto sedemdesiatsedem (197
JANKO Zabudol som. Pookaj, teraz som si spomenul
tisícdevät’sto devät’desiatsedem (1997).

Vocabulary
august August
až only (not b
dvadsiateho siedmeho júla 27th July
február February
júl July
kol’kého je dnes? what’s toda
mat’ X rokov to be X yea
o necelý týždeň in less than
október October
Paríž Paris

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 zakaždým each time,

Exercise 4

Answer these questions on Dialogues 3, 4 and 5.

1. Prečo predávajú dedov dom?

2. Čie topánky sú vraj krajšie?
3. Čí bicykel je lepší?
4. Kedy má JANKO narodeniny?
5. Kol’ko bude mat’ rokov?
6. Kedy má Zuzka narodeniny?

Language points

Possessives derived from names and p

nouns

Names and personal nouns can form possessives whi

much like English names and personal nouns with ‘‘s
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 follows:
Petrov/Evin dom m. Peter’s/Ev
Petrova/Evina sestra f. Peter’s/Ev
Petrovo/Evino auto n Peter’s/Ev
Petrovi/Evini kamaráti ma. pl. Peter’s/Ev
Petrove/Evine sestry, autá other pl. Peter’s/Ev

Note also the special case forms in these examples:

Videl som Petrovho lekára. (acc. = I saw Pe
gen.)
Videl som Petrovu sestru. (acc.) I saw Pe
Chodil som k Petrovmu lekárovi. (dat) I went t
doctor.

The remaining case forms are like those of regular ad

Hovorili o otcovej/Zuzaninej knihe.

They talked about father’s/Zuzana’s book.

Hovorili o Zuzaniných priatel’och.

They talked about Zuzana’s friends.

Only a single personal noun can form a possessive. O

just use the genitive case instead, e.g. kniha Zuzany
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 possessive forms, e.g. Hviezdoslavovo námestie ‘
Square’ in Bratislava. The word ulica ‘street’ is regul
town plans and in addresses, or abbreviated to ul., e.
(ul.), named after uudovít Štúr (1815–1856), one of t
modern Slovak, or Štefánikova (ul.), named after t
soldier–politician Milan Rastislav Štefánik (1880–19

Expressing purpose

Aby means something like ‘that (I, you, etc.) … would

purpose. Like keby, it is followed by past tense form
conditional. In English we often just say ‘to’ or ‘in ord

Potrebujem peniaze, aby som kúpil dom.

I need money to buy a house (lit. ‘that I would bu

But an infinitive can be used in Slovak, as in Englis

of motion:

Prišiel som t’a navštívit’. I have come to v

Telling someone to do something

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 would come’).
Chcú, aby som študoval They want me to stu
medicínu.
Povedal mu, aby si kúpil He told him to buy a
dom.
Radila nám, aby sme si She advised us to lie
l’ahli.
Požiadala ho, aby išiel s She asked him to go
ňou.

‘Allow’ and ‘forbid’

‘To allow’ is dovolit’ pf. and ‘to forbid’ is zakázat’/z

Lekár mu zakázal fajčit’. The doctor forbade h
Učitel’ mu tiež nedovolil The teacher also didn
fajčit’. smoke.

Dovolit’ is used with aby in the phrase:

Dovol’te, aby som sa predstavil. Allow me to in

The following formulaic exchange may ensue:

Volám sa … My name is

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 A related verb is smiet’/smiem ‘to be allowed, may

Smiem (or Môžem) vám predstavit’ svoju priate

May (or can) I introduce to you my friend Viera?
Smiem prosit’? May I ask (for the next dance

This verb is commoner in the negative, in the sense

Tam nesmieš! You mustn’t go th
To sa nesmie! That is not allowe
(or: To je zakázané. That is forbidden.

Note also the sign Zákaz vstupu! ‘Entry forbidden!

Hopes and fears

Bát’ sa/bojím sa ‘to fear’ and mat’ strach ‘to be af

‘to have fear’) may be followed by either aby or že. A
verb is negative!
Bojím sa, že spadnem. I’m afraid that I’ll fall.
Bojím sa, aby som I’m afraid that I might
nespadol. don’t).

Aby on its own can express an exclamatory hope or w

Aby som nespadol! Hope I don’t f
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 For an explicit hope you can use dúfat’ ‘to hope’:
Dúfam, že nespadnem. I hope that I wo

Higher ordinal numerals

In order to give the date you will need ordinal numbe

‘thirtyfirst’. Higher ones turn up for various other pu
The ‘-teenths’ all end in -násty:

trinásty 13
štrnásty (!) 14
pätnásty 15
šestnásty 16
sedemnásty 17
osemnásty 18
devätnásty 19

Then we have:

dvadsiaty 20th
tridsiaty 30th

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 Followed by:

pät’desiaty 5
šest’desiaty 6
sedemdesiaty 7
osemdesiaty 8
devät’desiaty 9

Next:

Stý 100th
Dvojstý 200th
trojstý 300th
štvorstý 400th
pät’stý 500th
šest’stý 600th
sedemstý 700th
osemstý 800th
devät’stý 900th
etc.

Finally:

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 For ‘twenty-first’ you say dvadsiaty prvý (lit. ‘twen
so on, but for the initial parts of higher complex ordin
use ordinary numbers:
tisíc devät’sto šest’desiaty štvrtý

Months, dates and the year

The names of the months are basically the same as ou

without capital letters). Here they are, with the corre
phrases for ‘in …’:

január, február, marec v januári, vo febr

apríl, máj, jún v apríli, v máji, v
v júli, v auguste (!
júl, august, september
septembri
október, november, v októbri, v novem
december decembri

To say ‘from’ and ‘till/to’ you use od and do. All have
ending in -a:

od januára do apríla from January till

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 The date is regularly stated in the genitive:

Kol’kého je dnes? What’s today’s da

Je tridsiateho januára. It’s 30th January
Prišiel prvého augusta. He arrived on 1st

To say the year you use the form ‘one thousand nine
eighteen’:

V roku 1918 (tisícdevät’stoosemnást’) sa skončil

vojna.
The First World War ended in (the year) 1918.
Miesto a dátum narodenia. Place and dat

Use ordinal numerals to refer to decades, e.g. v šest’

rokoch ‘in the sixties’ (lit. ‘in the sixtieth years’).

Exercise 5

Complete with the right form of oí? ‘whose?’, then an

suggested.

1. ______ je to kniha? (That’s Irena’s book.)

2. ______ sú to topánky? (Those are my brothe
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 5. ______ sú to perá? (Those are uncle’s pens.)

Exercise 6

Kol’kého je dnes? What’s the date? Reply as sugge

1. It’s 14th January.

2. It’s 5th May.
3. It’s 21st October.
4. It’s 8th September.
5. It’s 30th March.
6. It’s 29th August.

Exercise 7

Complete as suggested, using aby.

1. Chcela, … (me to go with her)

2. Povedal mi, … (to buy a new shirt)
3. Radili nám, … (to sell the house)
4. Bojím sa, … (I might lose my job)

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 Reading 1

Four Bratislava squares

Hlavné námestie je historickým srdcom Bratislavy. N

Stará radnica, pôvodne gotická budova zo štrnásteho
storooia, ale viackrát prestavaná. Tu na námestí je tie
Maximiliánova fontána so sochou Rolanda z roku 157
(tisícpät’stosedemdesiatdva).
Hned’ vedl’a na Františkánskom námestí je Mirbac
zbierkou starých obrazov a zopár krokov odtial’, na P
námestí, sa nachádza Primaciálny palác z druhej polo
osemnásteho storooia. Mierovú zmluvu podpísali rak
František a Napoleón v zrkadlovej sieni paláca v roku
(tisícosemstopät’).
Smerom k Dunaju na Hviezdoslavovom námestí je
divadlo, postavené koncom devätnásteho storooia. (N
budova Slovenského národného divadla na Pribinove
otvorená v roku 2007.) Pred historickým divadlom st
Ganymedova fontána a na námestí, na ktorom sa tiež
hotel Carlton, je socha slávneho slovenského básnika

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 Vocabulary
fontána fountain
gotický Gothic
koncertná sieň concert hall
koncom + gen. at the end of
koniec, -nca end
mierová zmluva peace treaty
nachádzat’ sa to be found/s
otvorený opened, open
palác palace
podpísat’ < podpisovat’ to sign
polovica half
postavený built
pôvodne originally
prestavaný rebuilt
Pribinova ulica Pribina Street
Primaciálny Primate’s
radnica town hall

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 sieň f. hall
socha statue
srdce heart
viackrát several times
zbierka collection
zmluva treaty
zrkadlová sieň mirror hall

Reading 2

And two Bratislava streets

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 Map by Matthew Crabbe

Na Michalskej ulici stojí stará Michalská veža a hned

dome U oerveného raka je stará lekárep, v ktorej je d
Na Michalskej je tiež budova Univerzitnej knižnice, v
prvej polovici devätnásteho storooia bolo sídlo uhors
parlamentu.
Dolu na Ventúrskej ulici oíslo 13 (trinást’) mal devä
svoj prvý koncert a v paláci, ktorý sa dnes nazýva Mo
hral šest’rooný chlapec Mozart v decembri roku 1762
(tisícsedemstošest’desiatdva). Naproti je stará budov
prestavaný, v ktorej v roku 1465 (tisícštyristošest’des
Matej Korvín založil prvú bratislavskú vysokú školu,
nazývala Academia Istropolitana. Jej oinnost’ trvala ž
dvadsat’pät’ rokov. Dnes je v budove Vysoká škola m
umení.
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 činnost’ activity
devät’ročný nine-year-old
lekáreň, -rne f. pharmacy
Matej Korvín Matthias Corvinus
nazývat’ sa to be called
niekol’kokrát several times
parlament parliament
rak crayfish
šest’ročný six-year-old
veža tower

Unit Sixteen
Máte vol’ný stôl?
Do you have a free table?

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 ‘all’ and ‘the same’
‘there isn’t’ and ‘it’s necessary’
saying ‘would have done’
verbal adjectives and frequentatives
passive constructions
other noun and number forms
writing letters

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:58)

Ondrej finds his foreign guests the only eating place i

ONDREJ Dobrý veoer. Sme radi, že máte otvorené!

strašne dlho, prší a nemohli sme nič nájst
ČAŠNČKA Môžem vám povedat’, že v tomto mesteok
hostinca, lebo sme vlastne jediný!
ONDREJ Máte vol’ný stôl pre štyroch? Vidiet’, že v
miestnosti sú všetky stoly obsadené.
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 Nech sa páči. Budete veoerat’?
ONDREJ Áno.
ČAŠNČKA Hned’ vám prinesiem jedálny lístok. Bude
Piveoko, víno?
ONDREJ Pre kolegypu pohár bieleho vína, kolegom
mpa pomaranoový džús. A štyri fl’ašky mi
smädní!

Vocabulary
dvakrát twice
hostinec, -nca pub, inn
jedálny lístok menu
jediný the only, sole
mát’ otvorené to be open
mestečČo dim. little town
minerálka mineral water
niet + gen. there isn’t
obsadený occupied
okienČo dim. little window

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 pomarančový džús orange juice
pre + acc. for
pre dvoch, troch, štyroch for two, three, fou
rezervovaný reserved
smädný thirsty
vidiet’ one can see, it’s vi
všetci, všetky all

Exercise 1

Exploiting some of the phrases in Dialogue 1, say the

1. Are you open?

2. Do you have a table free for four?
3. Do you have a table for two?
4. All the tables are occupied or reserved.
5. The menu, please.
6. A glass of red wine and two bottles of mineral

Dialogue 2
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 Ondrej orders food, including fish and a typical meat

ČAŠNÍKA Nech sa páči, dáme biele víneoko, pánom d

jeden džús a štyri minerálky. Už ste si vybr
nejaké predjedlo? šunku, hlávkový šalát s
ONDREJ Nie, d’akujeme, dáme si všetci polievku.
ČAŠNÍKA Zeleninovú polievku, rybaciu alebo hovädz
ONDREJ Trikrát zeleninovú, raz rybaciu. Potom raz
pstruha na masle s varenými zemiakmi – n
hranolkami – dvakrát kapra v paprikovej o
– a raz vyprážaný syr s tatárskou omáokou
bryndzové halušky. Kolegypa je z Anglicka
typické bezmäsité jedlo.
ČAŠNÍKA To bude všetko?
ONDREJ Dvakrát uhorkový šalát a raz paradajkový.
nám, prosím, ešte nejaké peoivo. Možno n
nieko objednáme – nejaký zákusok alebo t

Vocabulary
bezmäsitý meatless
bryndzové halušky f. pl. bryndza cheese
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 hovädzí vývar beef consommé
hranolky m. pl. chips
jedlo food, dish
kapor – kapra carp
na masle cooked in butter
papriková omáčka paprika sauce
paradajkový tomato adj.
pečený roast
pečivo bread/rolls
predjedlo starter
pstruh trout
raz once
rybacia polievka fish soup
tatárska omáčka tartare sauce
trikrát three times
uhorka, adj. uhorkový cucumber
varený boiled
vínečČo dim. (nice) wine
vyprážaný fried
zákusok, -ska dessert, cake
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 Exercise 2

Name these items of food, similar to those ordered ab

1. Three vegetable soups.

2. One fish soup.
3. One baked trout in butter.
4. With chips (French fries).
5. Two carp in paprika sauce.
6. With rice.
7. And one bryndza cheese gnocchi.
8. Two cucumber salads.
9. One tomato salad.
10. And bread rolls.

Language points

‘All’

The word for ‘all’ is commonly found in the plural. Th

masculine animate plural forms are nom. všetci, acc

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 Other genders have nom./acc. všetky:
Všetky ženy tam boli. All the women were
Pozvali všetky ženy. They invited all the w

The singular neuter form všetoo meaning ‘all, every

extremely common.
Zjedol všetko. He ate up everything.
To je všetko. That’s everything.

Singular forms všetok m. and všetka f. (acc. všetku

often, with words for uncountable ‘stuff’:

Zjedol všetok šalát, všetku zeleninu.

He ate up all the salad/vegetables.

Other case forms of this word are like those of ordina

Hovorila o všetkom.
She spoke about everything.

Hovorila so všetkými o všetkých problémo

She spoke with everyone about all the problems.

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 English ‘-ed’ adjectives are regularly formed from ver
from ‘to close’, as in ‘a closed door’. (Some are irregu
as in ‘an open door’.) The equivalent Slovak verbal ad
end in -ný, e.g. zatvorený ‘closed’, otvorený ‘open
Zatvorené/otvorené okno. A closed/open
Okno je zatvorené/otvorené. The window is

The form of these adjectives can usually be predicted

infinitive:

-at’: -aný: sklamat’: sklamaný

-it’/-
-ený: prekvapit’: prekvapený
iet’:
vidiet’:
videný
organizovat’:
-ovat’: -ovaný
organizovaný

A second type ends in -tý, and these are typically form

with infinitive -nút’:

-nút’: -nutý zabudnút’: zabudnutý

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 Passive constructions

Phrases using the tense forms of byt’ ‘to be’ plus -ný
adjectives can create what we call the ňassive. Here t
the verb is not the agent or doer, but the thing or per
affected:
List bol napísaný včera. The letter was written

The agent may be expressed using the instrumental c

List bol napísaný Vierou. The letter was writt

This tends to be rather formal usage. In everyday Slo

is stated (‘The letter was written by Viera’) you can ac
order of elements by just saying ‘Viera wrote the lette
reversed word order. The meaning is normally clear
endings:

List (acc. = object) napísala Viera (nom. = sub

The letter was written by Viera.
Túto knihu (acc.) mi dal Peter (nom.).
This book was given to me by Peter.

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 person. This is common in everyday usage:
Ako sa to píše? How is that written?(lit. ‘How
itself?’)
Kde sa predávajú Where are tickets sold?(lit. ‘W
lístky? sell themselves?’)

In this rather similar example, English can in fact use

Obchod sa zatvára o šiestej.

The shop closes, is closed at six.

Another related example would be:

Polievka sa začína varit’.

The soup is starting to boil (lit. ‘be boiled’).

‘Girl’, ‘child’ and the young of animals

The case forms of the neuter noun dievča ‘girl’ are ra

-at’- and -at- added before the endings, e.g. od diev
girl’, dievčati ‘to/for the girl’, s dievčat’om ‘with th
plural dievčatá ‘girls’, or (familiarly) dievčence ‘gir
a full table in the Grammar summary.

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 mačatá ‘kittens’. One of the commonest nouns of th
n. ‘child’, but its plural is deti ‘children’.

Exercise 3

Form ‘-ed’ adjectives from these verbs and translate:

prekvapit’, kúpit’, napísat’, prečítat’, milovat’, stra

oholit’, zabudnút’, pozvat’, balit’, zatvorit’, koru
objednat’

Exercise 4

Revise the relevant notes and translate.

1. All the girls are in the library.

2. All the boys are in the bus.
3. How is that written?
4. Where are tickets to (= into) the theatre sold?
5. The library closes at four.
6. We searched in all the rooms.

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 (Audio 2:62)

Ondrej finds a restaurant again for his friends.

ONDREJ Toto je tá istá reštaurácia, o ktorej som vá

rozprával. Je skutoone vynikajúca. Keby s
že dnes majú otvorené, nebol by som hl’ad
možnost’. V pondelok totiž mávali kedysi
teraz sa v oknách svieti a vidno, že niektor
obsadené. Prekvapujúci úspech! Tentoraz
obávat’, že všetky stoly budú obsadené. Bo
niekol’kokrát, a zakaždým mali vol’né mie
oašníoka. Dobrý veoer, máte, prosím, vol’
štyroch?
ČAŠNČKA Áno, pane, máme ešte jeden stôl vol’ný. P
My sa poznáme, však? Vídavam vás tu do
ONDREJ Áno, bol som tu už nieKol’ko ráz. Zavše se
kolegami zo zahraNičia a zakaždým sa im
reštaurácia vel’mi páči. Pred dvoma týždp
so štyrmi kamarátmi zo Spojených štátov.
ČAŠNČKA Pamätám sa na nich – tri dievoatá, však?
pán. Ale, prepáote, treba povedat’, že by b
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 býva oasto plno.
ONDREJ Niet sa oomu oudovat’, ked’ máte takého
kuchára!
ČAŠNČKA No d’akujem! Som rada, že sa vám naša re
ONDREJ Poout’, že sa tu stretávajú aj politici a sláv
pravda?
ČAŠNČKA Áno, sedávajú tu dlho, niekedy potom rob
druhej alebo do tretej ráno.

Vocabulary
býavt’ freq to be
dievčatá, pl. of dievča n. girls
dôvod reason
dvoma ins. of dva two
chodievat’ freq. to go
istý certain, a certain
ten istý the same
kedysi once (upon a time)
kuchár || -ka cook

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 obávat’ sa to be afraid, worry
pamätat’ sa (na + acc.) to remember
plno full
počut’ one hears
pravda? is it (not) true? right?
prekvapujúci surprising
robievat’ freq. to work
sedávat’ freq. to sit
Spojené štáty United States
stretávat’ sa freq. to meet
svieti sa there are lights
svietit’ to shine
štyrmi ins. of štyri four
tentoraz this time
treba it’s necessary
umelec, -lca || umelkyňa artist
úspech success
vídavat’ freq. to see
vidno one sees
zahraničie abroad
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 keby som bol vedel if I’d known
mávali zatvorené used to be closed
nebol by som hl’adal I wouldn’t have looke
niet sa čomu čudovat’ there’s nothing to be

Language points

‘The same’

To say ‘the same’, meaning ‘one and the same’, you ca

phrase ten istý:
Stále robí tie isté chyby. He keeps making the sa
Bol to ten istý človek. It was the same person
To je tá istá pieseň. That is the same song.

Taký istý means ‘the same kind of’:

On je prchký a ty si taký He is short-tempered a
istý. same.

Rovnaký is another general term for ‘the same’:

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 Bolí ma to stále na rovnAkom It still hurts
mieste. same

‘-ing’ adjectives

English adjectives in ‘-ing’ (e.g. ‘a surprising success’

equivalents in soft adjectives ending in -úci or -iaci.
them most straightforwardly by adding -ci to the thir
present form of a verb, e.g. bežiaci ‘running’ from b
idúci ‘going, moving’ from idú ‘they go’. Examples:
bežiaci pás a running belt (convey
idúci vlak a moving train
prekvapujúci úspech a surprising success
vedúca úloha a leading role

Some of these adjectives also act as nouns, with the a

gender form, e.g. vedúci || vedúca ‘a manager, hea
cestujúca ‘a traveller’.
They also occur in longer phrases describing a nou

Žena sediaca pri okne je moja sestra.

The woman sitting by the window is my sister.

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 In writing you also find short forms of these, in -úc o
‘while doing’. These refer to the subject of the senten
gender or number agreement.

Sediac v záhrade, pili čaj.

(While) sitting in the garden, they drank tea.
Píjúc čaj, počúvali rádio.
(While) drinking tea, they listened to the radio.

If perfective in aspect they mean ‘After (doing)’:

Vypijúc čaj, odišiel domov.

(After) drinking the tea he went off home.

The ‘rhythmic law’ is nowadays applied maximally he

píšuci ‘(the one) writing’, as well as píšuc ‘(while) w

Frequentatives

A good number of verbs have quite common special ‘

forms ending in -ávat’ and -ievat’ which refer to hab
repetition:
jest’ – jedávat’ to eat

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 Robieva chyby. He tends to make mistake
byt’ – bývat’ to be
Večer bývam doma. In the evening I tend to b

Note that bývat’ also means ‘to live, reside’ in a place

Bývam v internáte. I live in a student resid

The present-tense endings of frequentatives are alwa

čítat’ ‘to read’ gives us the frequentative forms čítav
etc.
Blogy, ktoré čítavam. Blogs I read (regu

Even chodit’ ‘to go regularly’ has a form chodievat

from time to time’.
In the past tense these frequentatives are equivalen
‘used to do’:
Chodieval do kostola. He used to go to c

‘There isn’t’ with niet

‘There isn’t’ can be expressed by niet (= nie je), follo

in the genitive:

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 Niet väčšej rýchlosti, Ako má svetlo.
There’s no greater speed than that of light.

For past or future substitute nebolo and nebude:

Nebolo vody. There wasn’t any wate
Nebude nikoho doma. There won’t be anyon

Niet often turns up in set phrases:

Niet pravidla bez výnimky.

There’s no rule without its exception.

Komu niet rady, tomu niet pomoci.

For whom there’s no advice, for him there’s no he

Niet sa čomu čudovat’.

There isn’t anything (lit. ‘what’) to be surprised a

‘It’s necessary’ with treba etc.

Certain idiomatic phrases regularly omit an expected

present. For example, treba on its own means ‘it is n

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 care.
Bude treba si dávat’ It will be necessary to
pozor.
Má všetko, čo treba. S/he has everything t
necessary.
Treba povedat’, že … It’s necessary to say t

The same applies to vidiet’ or vidno ‘one sees, it’s e

počut’ ‘one hears’:
Vidiet’ (vidno), že máte One sees you’ve got prob
problémy.
Odtial’ zle počut’. From there one hears ba
Počut’, že máte One hears you’ve got pr
problémy.

‘Would have done’, ‘had done’

To talk about what might have been in the past (but w

add bol to the ordinary conditional construction, for
conditional:

Keby bol mal peniaze, bol by si kúpil auto.

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 For ‘would have been’ you say bol by býval:

Keby bol býval mladší, bol by chytil vlak.

If he had been younger, he would have caught the

Keby bolo bývalo pekne, boli by sme sa išli

If it had been nice (weather), we would have gone

In Slovak you can also say ‘had done’ by adding bol t

tense. However, the simple past is also used instead:

Obliekol si košel’u, ktorú si (bol) kúpil vče

He put on the shirt which he had bought yesterda

Vocative case

When addressing someone, you normally use the nom

subject form:
Viera, Peter, pod’te sem! Viera, Peter, come
Otecko, chcem ti nieko Dad, I want to sho
ukázat’! something!

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 or -u. Examples include:
pán – pane! sir!
človek – človeče! man!
priatel’ – priatel’u! friend!
Čo si želáte, pane? What would you like
Človeče, čo to robíš? What are you doing,
Pane bože! Lord God!
Milý priatel’u! Dear friend!
bôh – bože! God!
chlapec – chlapče! boy! lad!

Case forms of numerals

With number phrases which are not the subject or ob

(or in the accusative following a preposition) you put
into the same case as the noun.
For this you have to know the other case forms of t
The case forms of pät’ give you the model for higher
sto. The table also shows the forms used for dva/dv
štyri:

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 dat. k dvom, trom, štyrom, piatim rokom to
po dvoch, troch, štyroch, piatich
loc. a
rokoch
pred dvoma, troma/tromi, štyrmi, 2
ins.
piatimi rokmi a

Obidva (obi- plus dva) or oba means ‘both’. Other

those of dva/dve, e.g. obidve/obe, obidvaja/oba
obidvoch/oboch etc.
Piatich, šiestich, siedmich, ôsmich etc. and ab
same diphthongs as their corresponding ordinals (pi
siedmy, ôsmy etc.).
Optional masculine animate subject forms ending
the same diphthongs, e.g. Prišli ôsmi kamaráti. ‘E
came.’ (Or: Prišlo osem kamarátov.)
However, numbers ‘five’ and upwards may be enco
unaltered in the case forms under discussion, e.g. pr
piatimi) rokmi ‘five years ago’, pred dvadsat’ (or d
rokmi ‘twenty years ago’. Intermediate numbers and
are also regularly left unaltered: pred dvadsat’jede
‘twenty-one years ago’, pred sto rokmi/pät’sto ro
hundred/five hundred years ago’.
Division sums are expressed using the instrumenta
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 Note also that the indefinite quantifiers nieKol’ko a
have adjectival forms for using in cases other than th
nominative/accusative:
pred niekol’kými dňami several da
pred mnohými rokmi many yea

Numbered items

Numbered items have a series of special nouns endin

jednotka 1 deviatka
dvojka 2 desiatka
trojka 3 jedenástka
štvorka 4 dvanástka
pät’ka, pätorka 5 dvadsiatka
šestka 6 tridsiatka
sedmička 7 štyridsiatka
osmička 8 pät’desiatka

These often refer to trams, buses, or rooms in hotels:

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 Sadol do stoosemnástky. He boar
118.
Býva na štvorke. S/he’s st
4.

Jedenástka is also a football ‘eleven’, dvanástka is

beer (according to a traditional older measure of orig
around 5 per cent alcohol).

Sets of items

Another series of numeral words denotes ‘x sets/pair

Only the lower ones occur frequently. They are often
plural nouns for single items, e.g. nohavice ‘trouser
‘door(s)’, noviny ‘newspaper’, nožnice ‘scissors’.

jedny 1 šestoro
dvoje 2 sedmoro
troje 3 osmoro
štvoro 4 devätoro
pätoro 5 desatoro

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 troje topánky/troje topánok three pair
štvero nožníc four pairs

(The higher ones are followed by nouns in the genitiv

Jedni also means ‘some (people)’, in contrast to ‘oth

Jedni súhlasili, iní/druhí nie. Some agreed, o

Writing letters and emails

When writing a letter or email in Slovak, there are va

address that correspond to the standard English ‘Dea

Vážený … ‘Respected’ is formal

Milý … ‘Dear’ is suitable for friends and relation
Drahý … (lit. also ‘Dear’) shows formal loving re
close family

An exclamation mark traditionally followed, but now

a comma, if any punctuation is used at all:
Vážený pán Kováč Dear Mr Kov
Vážená pani Kováčová Dear Mrs Ko
Vážená slečna Šabíková Dear Miss ša
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 Ahoj, Eva! Ahoj Eva Hi, Eva

Place and date can be given as:

V Bratislave 10. apríla 2012/Bratislava 10.

The words for ‘you’ and ‘your’ are traditionally capita

throughout:

Ďakujem za Váš list.

Thank you for your letter.

Ďakujem Vám srdečne za milý list.

Thank you sincerely for your kind letter.

Odpovedám na Váš list zo dňa/z 18. júna t.

roku).
I am replying to your letter of 18th June this year

Ďakujem Ti za pohl’adnicu.
Thank you for your postcard.

Ospravedlňujem sa, že som Ti nenapísal(a

sl’úbil(a), ale …

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 Prepáč, že som Ti nenapísal(a) skôr, ale …
Sorry I didn’t write to you sooner but …

Nehnevaj sa, že som Ti tak dlho nepísal(a)

Don’t be cross that I didn’t write to you for so lon

You often end with signing-off phrases such as:

Ďakujem Vám vopred, … Thank you in advan
Očakávam Vašu skorú I await your promp
odpoved’, …
Teším sa na Tvoj/Váš list/ I look forward to yo
e-mail, … letter/email.
S pozdravom Yours sincerely … (
greeting’ … )
So srdečným pozdravom … With sincere regard
Srdečné pozdravy … Sincere regards …
Srdečne Vás (na) Warm regards from
pozdravuje …
Váš/Vaša or Tvoj/Tvoja … Yours … (formal/fa
Bozkáva … Kisses from …
Ahoj! … Bye! … (casual)

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 Veselé Vianoce a št’astný nový rok Vám/Ti
Wishing you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New

Exercise 5

Form ‘-ing’ adjectives from these verbs and translate

cestovat’, organizovat’, študovat’;

čítat’, volat’, spievat’;
robit’, chodit’, bežat’, sediet’, ležat’;
pit’, spat’, viest’, niest’

Exercise 6

Identify the simple verbs these frequentatives are der

robievat’, sedávat’, vídavat’, bývat’, jedávat’, máva

Exercise 7

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 1. Pred _______ rokmi. (4)
2. Po _______ rokoch. (2)
3. kítam _______ novín. (3)
4. Mám len _______ nohavice. (1)
5. Chodím do roboty _______. (by/on the no. 1
6. Bývam na _______. (room no. 8)

Reading

Marta writes a short email to her friend Pavol.

Milý Pavol!

Posielam Ti srdeoné pozdravy z našej exkurzie po výc

Slovensku. Je tu krásne! Boli to vel’mi pekné letné pr
horách sme boli viackrát, chodili sme po lesoch, spáv
nebom, kúpali sme sa v jazierkach, a tak d’alej. Pooas
vynikajúce, je tridsat’ stuppov! Všetci sme pekne opá
nám vôbec odíst’, ale zajtra sa bohužial’ musíme vrát
takej pesNičky, čo by konca nemala.” Treba sa pripra
nový školský rok. Teším sa ale na Vianoce, lebo v dec
s oteckom do Paríža a zostaneme tam do jari!

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 vreckový slovník nestaoí na prekladanie odbornej lite
strašné t’ažkosti s niektorými otázkami a s povinným
budúci semester. Ozvi sa! Zavolaj mi čo najskôr! Vieš
som niekedy netrpezlivá!

Ďakujem vopred!

Ahoj!

Marta

Vocabulary
anglicko–slovenský
English–Slovak (di
(slovník)
čo najskôr as soon as possible
do + gen. until, till
exkurzia excursion
jar, -i f. spring
jazero, dim. jazierko lake, little lake
kúpat’ sa/kúpem sa to bathe, go bathin
letný summer adj.

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 nebo, -a, loc. -i the sky
netrpezlivý impatient
odborný specialist, technica
opálený tanned, sunburnt
otázka question
ozvat’/ozvem sa < ozývat’ sa to respond, get in t
pesnička dim. (little/nice) song
po + loc. through, over
počasie the weather
poslat’/pošlem < posielat’ to send
povinné čítanie compulsory/set rea
pozdrav greeting
požičat’ < požičiavat’ to lend
požičat’ si < požičiavat’ si to borrow (for ones
prekladanie translating
prosba request
semester, -tra, loc. -i semester
šíry wide open
školský rok school year
slovník dictionary
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 stupeň, -pňa degree
t’ažkost’ difficulty
Vianoce f. pl. Christmas
vrecko, adj. vreckový pocket
východné Slovensko eastern Slovakia
mám k tebe prosbu I have a request for
nechce sa nám we don’t feel like
there’s no song wit
niet takej pesničky, čo by
all
konca nemala good things come t
pod šírym nebom in the open air

Grammar summary

This summary contains reference tables for revision

study with some additional information on nouns, ad

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 Nouns

This section incorporates a number of other noun typ

advanced summary for each gender. Can you recogni
č etc.) and ‘velar’ types (-k etc.)? If not, go back to th

Masculine types

Singular
nom. stôl, dom chlap, dedo/kole
acc. = nom. = gen.
gen. stola/domu chlapa, deda/kol
dat. stolu chlapovi
loc. o stole/roku/gauči o chlapovi
ins. (so) stolom (s) chlapom
Plural
nom. stoly/gauče chlapi/dedovia, k
acc. = nom. = gen.
gen. stolov chlapov

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 ins. (so) stolmi/domami (s) chlapmi/deda

Native surnames in -o have acc./gen. -u: Botto – Bo

masculine animate nouns have dat./loc. -u: pán as ‘M
‘man’, duch ‘spirit’, Boh ‘God’, čert ‘devil’.
Various masculine animate nouns have plural -ovi
synovia. Others have plural -ia, including types in -
Američania, priatelia + bratia. Masculines have
after -m- or consonant clusters: domami, chlapcam

Feminine types

Singular
nom. žena ulica/postel’ reštaurácia
acc. ženu ulicu/postel’ reštauráciu
ulice,
gen. ženy reštaurácie
postele
dat. žene ulici reštaurácii
loc. o žene o ulici o reštaurácii
(so) (s)
ins. (s) ulicou
ženou reštauráciou

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 nom./acc. ženy reštaurácie
postele
gen. žien ulíc/postelí od reštauráci
dat. k ženám k uliciam k reštauráciá
o
loc. o ženách o uliciach
reštauráciách
so s
ins. s ulicami
ženami reštauráciam

Nouns ending in a consonant plus -ňa have gen. pl. -

spální).
Type radost’ also includes certain other nouns suc
‘night’, vec, -i ‘thing’, krv, -i ‘blood’.

Neuter types

Singular
nom./acc. mesto pole, dievča
gen. mesta pol’a, dievčat’a
dat. mestu pol’u, dievčat’u
o
loc. o poli, dievčati
meste/jablku

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 Plural
nom./acc. mestá polia/dievčatá
gen. miest polí/dievčat
dat. mestám poliam/dievčatám
loc. o mestách o poliach/dievčatách
(s)
ins. (s) mestami
pol’ami/dievčatami

Types múzeum and rádio follow mesto, but with l

múzeu, v rádiu) and gen. pl. -í (múzeí, rádií).

Adjectives

The following revises the standard case forms of the m

noun types accompanied by adjectives (soft type in b

Singular
ten pekný (cudzí ) chlap/stôl to tá p
nom.
pekné (cudzie) mesto (cu
tú p
acc. toho pekného (cudzieho) chlapa
(cu
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 gen.
(cudzieho)chlapa/stola (cu
tomu peknému (cudziemu) tej
dat.
chlapovi/stolu (cu
o tom peknom (cudzom) o te
loc.
chlapovi/stole (cu
(s) tým peknom (cudzím) (s)
ins.
chlapom/stolom (cu

Plural
tí pekní (cudzí) chlapi tie pekné (cudzie
nom.
mestá, ženy
acc. tých pekných (cudzích) chlapov others =
od tých pekných (cudzích) chlapov, stol
gen.
žien
. k tým pekným (cudzím) chlapom, stolo
dat
mestám, ženám
o tých pekných (cudzích) chlapoch, stol
loc.
mestách, ženách
(s) tými peknými (cudzími) chlapmi, sto
ins.
mestami, ženami

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 domácich etc.

Personal pronouns

The forms shown after a dash are used either after a

for emphasis.

nom. ja I ty you
acc. ma – mňa me t’a – teba
gen. “ “
dat. mi – mne ti – tebe
loc. (o) mne (o) tebe
ins. mnou tebou
nom. my we vy you ( pl., formal sg.)
acc. nás us vás
gen. “ “
dat. nám vám
loc. (o) nás (o) vás
ins. nami vami

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 (However, the instrumental forms always have initia

nom. on he, ono it o

acc. ho – neho ( jeho), -ňho, -ň him, it ju
gen. “ je
dat. mu – nemu ( jemu) je
loc. (o) ňom (o
ins. ním ň

Forms neho (jeho) and -ňho above are restricted in

usage to masculine animate in the accusative (in the
are also masculine inanimate or neuter).
nom. oni ma. they ony mi./f./n.
acc. ich – nich ma. them ich – ne mi./f./n.
gen. ich – nich
dat. im – nim
loc. o nich
ins. nimi

Verb types

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 individually (see ‘Irregular basic verbs’ below). The fo
main types, with their present tense and the past ten

A-types, third-person plural -ajú, with

at’

Volat’ ‘to call’ is a typical verb with infinitive -at’:

volám voláme
voláš voláte
volá volajú vo

Bývat’ ‘to live’ shortens á after a long vowel (‘rhythm

bývam bývame
bývaš bývate
býva bývajú bý

Mat’ ‘to have’ behaves like a normal -at’ verb:

mám máme
máš máte
má majú m
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 vraciam vraciame
vraciaš vraciate
vracia vracajú vr

Other examples are požičat’/požičiam pf. ‘to lend’

večeriam ‘to have supper’, where r counts as soft (h
present tense).

IE-types, third-person plural -ejú, infin

Most verbs of this type are derived from adjectives. T

variant form of the a-type above, with -ie- instead of
ejú instead of -ajú in the present tense.
Stučniet’ pf. ‘to get fat’, a verb derived from tučn
regular example:

stučniem stučnieme
stučnieš stučniete
stučnie stučnejú (!) st

Similarly, onemocniet’/onemocniem ‘to fall ill’. T

law’ does not operate here, e.g. zmúdriet’/zmúdrie

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 rozumiem rozumieme
rozumieš rozumiete
rozumie rozumejú (!) ro

I-types with typical infinitive -it’

Robit’ ‘to do, work, make’ is a typical verb with infin

robím robíme
robíš robíte
robí robia ro

Vrátit’ pf. ‘to return’ shortens í to i after a long vowe

law’):

vrátim vrátime
vrátiš vrátite
vráti vrátia vr

Vidiet’ ‘to see’ is one of a number of common basic v

infinitive -iet’ which have this type of present tense:

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 vidí vidia vid

A few verbs of this type have infinitive -at’ following

consonants, e.g. držat’/držím ‘to hold’. Note also sp
sleep’.
After j the ‘they’ present tense form is reduced to -
sa/bojím sa … boja sa, bál sa ‘to fear’, stát’/stojí
stál ‘to stand’.
Further miscellaneous examples are listed below.

E-types with infinitive -ovat’ or conson

Kupovat’ ‘to buy’ is a typical example of a productiv

infinitive -ovat’:

kupujem kupujeme
kupuješ kupujete
kupuje kupujú kup

Zabudnút’ pf. ‘to forget’ is a typical example with in

zabudnem zabudneme
zabudneš zabudnete
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 Vládnut’/vládnem ‘to rule’ shortens -ú (‘rhythmic
‘they rule’.
Íst ‘to go’ also belongs here. Its past tense form is i

idem ideme
ideš idete
ide idú (i)šiel, (i)šla

Môct’ ‘to be able, can’ is another basic e-type (-ú to

law’):

môžem môžeme
môžeš môžete
môže môžu mohol, mohla

Some anomalous -at’ verbs also belong to this type (s

chápat’/chápem, chápal ‘to grasp, understand’, p
písal ‘to write’.

IE-types, third-person plural -ú

Most monosyllabic verbs with infinitives -ct’, -st’, -zt’ belo

niest’ ‘to carry’:

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 nesie nesú niesol, niesla

Minút’ pf. ‘to spend, miss’ is also a standard verb of

infinitive -nút’ immediately following a vowel.

miniem minieme
minieš miniete
minie minú m

Another example is spomenút’ si/spomeniem si

remember’.

Irregular basic verbs

A few very basic verbs need to be learnt individually.

I am, yo
byt’ ‘to be’ som, si, je;
is
we are,
sme, ste, sú
are
nie som I am no
niet + gen. there is
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 budeme, budete, budú shall/w
bud’!bud’te be!
jest’ ‘to eat’ jem, ješ, je;
jeme, jete, jedia eat(s)
jedol, jedla, jedli ate
jedz! jedzte! eat!
ňerfective: zjest’, zjem, zjedol eat, eat
najest’ sa eat, eat
vediet’ ‘to
viem, vieš, vie;
know’
vieme, viete, vedia know(s
vedel knew
vedz! vedzte! know!
comňounds: povedat’, poviem pf. to tell
odpovedat’, odpoviem
to reply
pf.

Note: the imperfective of odpovedat’ is odpovedat

odpovedám (!) ‘to reply’.

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 Learn the following verbs, generally monosyllabic, bu
with present tense types not fully predictable from th
Most are used elsewhere in the course, but some othe
added. The past tenses are all regular, unless otherwi
few prefixed compounds are shown alongside their b

A-types with monosyllabic infinitive -a

compounds)

-at’ čakat’ > počkat’, počkám, počkal

dat’, dám, dal < dávat’
podat’ < podávat’
vydat’ < vydávat’
hrat’, hrám, hral (sa)
vyhrat’ < vyhrávat’
prehrat’ < prehrávat’
mat’, mám, mal
poznat’, poznám, poznal
zdat’ sa, zdám sa, zdal sa

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 third person plural -ejú

-iet’ bdiet’, bdie … bdejú, bdel to be awake

zniet’, znie … znejú, znel to sound, re

I-types with unpredictable infinitives -

-iet’ boliet’, bolí, bolel to

letiet’, letím, letel + lietat’ to
odletiet’ < odlietat’ to
musiet’, musím, musel to
mysliet’, myslím, myslel to
sediet’, sedím, sedel to
vidiet’, vidím, videl to
trpiet’, trpím, trpel to
vraviet’, vravím, vravel to
-at’ bežat’, bežím, bežal + behat’ to
odbehnút’, odbehnem < odbiehat’ to
držat’, držím, držal to
kričat’, kričím, kričal to
ležat’, ležím, ležal to

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 -át’ bát’ sa, bojím sa, bál sa to
stát’, stojím, stál to

E-types, various monosyllabic verbs, s

polysyllabic -at’

-
dotknút’ sa, dotknem sa, to to
nút’
dotkol sa < dotýkat’ sa
hnút’, hne, hnul (negative
to m
nehol/nehnul)
vyhnút’ sa < vyhýbat’ sa + dat. to av
zapnút’, zapnem, zapol < zapínat’ to fa
rozopnút’ < rozpínat’ to un
vypnút’ < vypínat’ to sw
-at’ česat’, češem, česal > učesat’ to co
hýbat’, hýbem, hýbal (sa) to m
to gr
chápat’, chápem, chápal > pochopit’
unde
písat’, píšem, písal > napísat’ to w

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 poslat’, pošlem, poslal < posielat’ to se
pozvat’, pozvem, pozval < pozývat’ to in
prijat’, prijmem, prijal < prijímat’ to re
najat’, najmem, najal < najímat’ to hi
objat’, objímem, objal < objímat’ to hu
stat’ sa, stanem sa, stal sa < stávat’
to ha
sa
dostat’, dostanem, dostal <
to ge
dostávat’
(z)ostat’ < (z)ostávat’ to st
prestat’ < prestávat’ to st
vstat’ < vstávat’ to ge
ukázat’, ukážem, ukázal < ukazovat’ to sh
zakázat’ < zakazovat’ to fo
začat’, začnem, začal < začínat’ to be
to ha
-iat’ diat’ sa, deje sa, dialo sa
on
liat’, lejem, lial to po
naliat’ < nalievat’ to po
priat’, prajem, prial to w

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 to la
zasmiat’ sa
usmiat’ sa < usmievat’ sa to sm
vziat’, vezmem, vzal to ta
-iet’ chciet’, chcem, chcel to w
chviet’ sa, chvejem sa, chvel sa to tr
-it’ bit’, bijem, bil to hi
zabit’ < zabíjat’ to ki
pit’, pijem, pil > napit’ sa, vypit’ to dr
šit’, šijem, šil to se
žit’, žijem, žil to liv
použit’/-žijem < používat’ to us
-ut’ obut’, obujem, obul < obúvat’ to pu
(sa)
zobut’ < zobúvat’ (sa) to ta
počut’, počujem, počul to he
-yt’ kryt’, kryjem, kryl > po- to co
skryt’ < skrývat’ to hi
umyt’, umyjem, umyl < umývat’ to w
-ct’ môct’, môžem, mohol/mohla to be
pomôct’ < pomáhat’ to he
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 odíst’, odídem, odišiel < odchádzat’ to le

IE-types, various, including -ct’, -st’, -zt’

third person plural -ú

-at’ brat’, beriem … berú, bral > zobrat’ to

pf. also vziat’, vezmem, vzal
vybrat’ < vyberat’ to
hnat’, ženiem (!), hnal to
vyhnat’ < vyháňat’ to
-
mliet’, meliem, mlel to
iet’
zomliet’ < zomiel’at’ to
pozriet’, pozriem, pozrel (sa) <
to
pozerat’ (sa)
smiet’, smiem, smel to
nesmiet’, nesmiem, nesmel m
umriet’, umriem, umrel < umierat’ to
zavriet’, zavriem, zavrel < zavierat’ to

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 to
vyzliect’ < vyzliekat’ (sa)
(c
piect’, pečiem, piekol > u- to
tiect’, tečie, tiekol to
utiect’ < utekat’ to
vliect’, vlečiem, vliekol to
-st’ klást’, kladiem, kládol > položit’ to
niest’, nesiem, niesol + nosit’ to
priniest’ < prinášat’ to
odniest’ < odnášat’ to
pliest’, pletiem, plietol to
rást’, rastiem, rástol to
triast’, trasiem, triasol to
viest’, vediem, viedol + vodit’ to
odviest’ < odvádzat’ to
-zt’ liezt’, leziem, liezol to
viezt’, veziem, viezol + vozit’ to
to
odviezt’ < odvážat’
aw

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 Basic prepositions

Here are some meanings of basic prepositions. Note

taking the locative or instrumental switch to taking th
particular senses.

+ accusative
cez across, through Prešiel cez ulicu
He crossed the stre
Prešiel cez tunel
He went through t
for (sake, benefit
pre To je pre mňa. T
of)
for, because of Nevidím pre tmu
I can’t see for the d
+ genitive
bez without Pijem kávu bez c
I drink coffee with
do into, to Idem do mesta.
I’m going into/to t

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 od away from, from Odišla od okna.
away from the win
from (person) Dostal od Petra
He got a letter from
at (house, place
u Bývam u tety. I li
of)
aunt’s.
z, zo out of Vyšiel z izby.
He went out of the
off, down from Kniha spadla zo
The book fell off th
+ dative
k, ku towards, to Ideš ku kostolu.
You go towards/to
to (as far as) Ako sa dostanem
How do I get to the
to (house, place
Idem k tete.
of)
I’m going to my au
proti against, opposite Ste proti mne.

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 na on Kniha leží na sto
The book is lying o
but also +
:
accusative
onto Položil knihu na
He put the book on
for (purpose) kakám na elektr
I’m waiting for the
for (intended Som tu len na tý
time) I’m here only for a
o about (topic) Hovoria o politi
They’re talking abo
Prídem o druhe
at (hour)
two.
but also +
:
accusative
Prídem o chvíl’u
in (after time)
moment.
on, against Opieral sa o stôl
He was leaning on

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 po after Po obede čítal n
After lunch he read
Bežal po ulici. H
along
street.
about, around Behala po záhra
She ran about the g
but also +
:
accusative
as far as, Sneh mu bol až p
up to The snow was up t
for (to fetch) Idem po mlieko.
I’m going for/to ge
Pršalo (po) celý
for, during
all day.
pri near, by Sedím pri okne.
I’m sitting by the w
Sedím popri ňom
popri alongside,
alongside,
next to next to him.

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 V januári sneží.
in (month etc.)
snows.
but also +
:
accusative
on (day) V pondelok. On M
in (some Neveríš v Boha?
verbs) You don’t believe i
+
instrumental
medzi between Medzi oknom a
Between the windo
table.
Medzi kamarátm
among(st)
friends.
nad above, over Stál nad mestom
He stood over the t
pod below, under Stál pod hradom
He stood below the
pred in front of Stál pred domom
He stood in front o

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 ago Bol tu pred roko
He was here a year
s, so with Idem tam s Petr
I’m going there wit
za behind, beyond Stojí za stromom
S/he is standing be
but also +
:
accusative
for (exchange) Kúpil to za pät’ k
He bought it for fiv
in (time taken) Urobím to za ho
I’ll get it done in an
and + genitive:
during Za vojny bol v Am
During the war he
America.

Note also that medzi, nad, pod, pred and za are fo

accusative when you mean ‘motion towards’:
Spadol pod stôl. He fell under the ta
Spadol medzi stoličky. He fell between the
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 Vták letel ponad The bird flew over (‘along o
dom. house.

Other prepositions

These less basic, but still common prepositions are fo

genitive:

blízko near
d’aleko od far from
mimo outside
ned’aleko not far from
okolo around, about
okrem apart from
namiesto instead of
na rozdiel od unlike, as distinct from
počas during
podl’a according to, along
pomocou with the help of
uprostred in the middle of
vedl’a next to
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 kvôli for the sake of
napriek despite
naproti opposite
vd’aka thanks to
voči towards, with respect to

Key to exercises

The answers given are not of course always the only p

Word order may also vary (remember, last words car
emphasis).

Unit 1

Exercise 1

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 Exercise 2

1 Ste Amerioanka? 2 Je Viera Slovenka? 3 Máte kufor

vonku? 5 (Vy) ste Jana?

Exercise 3

1 Náš hrad je pekný. 2 Dunaj nie je modrý. 3 Mám no

je oistá. 5 Staré mesto je krásne/pekné.

Exercise 4

špinavý, vel’ký, vl’avo, nie, krásny/pekný, starý

Exercise 5

1 Viera is Slovak. Viera nie je Slovenka. 2 They’re wai

Neoakajú vonku. 3 I live here. Nebývam tu. 4 I’m Eng
Anglioan.

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 1 Dobre. Mám sa dobre. 2 Nie. Nie som Slovák/Slove
(John/Jane Brown). 4 Áno. Bratislava je pekné mesto
nie je oistý. 6 Volá sa (Štefan Horák). 7 Áno, je starý/
starý, je mladý.

Exercise 7

Ako sa máte? Máte auto? Je tu Štefan? Do videnia.

Unit 2

Exercise 1

1 Hrá sa. A posiela esemesku. 2 Fajoí a čaká na obed.

Varí obed. 5 Učí sa. 6 Sedí doma, číta, pooúva rádio,

Exercise 2

1 Fajoíš/Fajoíte? 2 Kde je Igor? 3 Spíš/Spíte? 4 Pooú

rádio? 5 Ako sa voláte?

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 1 Môj kufor, moje auto, moja sestra 2 Tvoja rieka, tvo
rádio 3 Naše mesto, naša rieka, náš hrad 4 Vaša matk
váš taxík

Exercise 4

pät’ eur, tridsat’pät’ eur, pät’desiatsedem eur, devät’d

dve eurá, jedno euro, stodvadsat’šest’ eur

Exercise 5

1 Nie, nemám rád/rada vodu. 2 Nie, nehrám futbal. 3

rád/rada šport. 4 Nie, neplávam. 5 Nie, nie som leniv
nie som chorý/chorá. 7 Nie, nemusím fajoit’.

Exercise 6

1 Áno, musím sa učit’. 2 Áno, viem po anglicky. 3 Áno

nemecky. 4 Áno, Evioka vie varit’. 5 Áno, hovorím do
nemecky. 6 Áno, viem hrat’ tenis. 7 Áno, musíme hra

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 dve sestry, dva obedy, dve autá, dva balíky, dva taxík

Exercise 8

1 Nie, Magda nevie po anglicky. 2 Ale hovorí trochu p

rozumie po mad’arsky. 4 Má rada hudbu a umenie. 5
6 Pozerá televíziu. 7 Rada číta. 8 Peter nehrá karty, a

Unit 3

Exercise 1

1 Nie, sestru nemá. Magda nemá sestru. 2 Áno, brata

brata. 3 Rada chodí na prechádzky, behá a pláva.

Exercise 2

1 Vidím rieku. 2 Varím obed/večeru. 3 Nemáme vodu

učitel’a. 5 Nepoznajú Igora. 6 Vidíte brata?

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 1 Mám brata. 2 Nemám sestru. 3 Eva nemá otca. 4 N
Poznáš/Poznáte Evu? 6 Poznáš/Poznáte Jozefa? 7 Po

Exercise 4

1 Do you run? Áno, behám./Nie, nebehám. 2 Do you

plávam./Nie, neplávam. 3 Do you like water? Áno, m
rada./Nie, nemám vodu rád/rada. 4 Are you a sports
Áno, som športovec/športovkypa./Nie, nie som šport
športovkypa. 5 Do you go for walks? Áno, chodím na
prechádzky./Nie, nechodím na prechádzky. 6 Do you
Áno, hrám./Nie, nehrám. 7 Are you lazy? Áno, som
lenivý/lenivá./Nie, nie som lenivý/lenivá. 8 Do you k
well? Áno, poznám Bratislavu dobre./Nie, nepoznám
Bratislavu.

Exercise 5

1 Áno. 2 Nie. 3 Nie. 4 Nie. 5 Nie.

Exercise 6

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 have the correct address. 4 Poznáte pána Vilikovskéh
know Mr Vilikovský? 5 Máte peknú výslovnost’. You
pronunciation. 6 Viera má dobrého otca. Viera has a
Ondrej má dobrú matku. Ondrej has a good mother.
hl’adáš? Who(m) are you looking for? 9 JANKO hl’ad
JANKO is looking for someone.

Exercise 7

1 Nie, Andrew nie je ženatý. 2 Ivan rád číta anglickú a

literatúru. 3 Ivan pozerá televíziu. Pozerá americký fi

Unit 4

Exercise 1

1 Nie. 2 Nie. 3 Nie. 4 Áno. 5 Nie.

Exercise 2

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 Bratislave ekonómiu. 5 Nie. Jana študuje v Prahe me

Exercise 3

pracujem/robím, fajoíš, hl’adajú, dávame, hrajú, pláv

spia, idem, upratujú, študujeme

Exercise 4

1 do Prešova, v Prešove 2 do Trnavy, v Trnave 3 do m

do supermarketu, v supermarkete 5 do Nitry, v Nitre
Martina 7 v Komárne, do Komárna

Exercise 5

1 Prosím si zmrzlinu. 2 Prosím si kolu. 3 Prosím si po

Prosím si šálku kávy. 5 Prosím si kus chleba. 6 Prosím

Exercise 6

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 Exercise 7

1 DUŠAN ide do mesta. Ide do mesta. 2 Ide k tete do

Jeho nový byt je za Dunajom, v Petržalke.

Unit 5

Exercise 1

1 Nie. JANKO ide do mesta. 2 Nie. JANKO ide k brat

do kina íst’ chce. Viera chce íst’ do kina. 4 Nie. Film j
prezidentovi.

Exercise 2

1 Nie. Peter nechce mäso. Chce vajíočo alebo syr. 2 N

oervené víno.

Exercise 3
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 Exercise 4

1 Varím matke obed. I cook mother lunch. 2 Pomáha

help Pavol. 3 Ideme k Jozefovi na večeru. We’re goin
dinner/supper. 4 Hovoríme o politike. We’re talking
5 Jana hovorí o Jurajovi. Jana is talking about Juraj.

Exercise 5

1 Je v parku. 2 Pracuje v múzeu. 3 Hovoria o politike

umení. 4 Pani Rybárová je doma, nemôže pracovat’, l
ale hrá vel’mi pekne na klavíri. 5 Nie, ale hrá na gitar

Exercise 6

hotel – v hoteli, panelák – v paneláku, kúpel’pa – v k

kuchypa – v kuchyni, obývaoka – v obývaoke, spálpa
garáž – v garáži; vapa – vo vani, chladNička – v chlad
– v práoke, kniha – v knihe, skripa – v skrini; rádio –
televízia – v televízii

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 stena – na stene, podlaha – na podlahe, stolioka – na
na stole, stolík – na stolíku, gauo – na gauoi; záchod
internát – na internáte

Exercise 8

1 Nechcem čaj, chcem kávu. 2 Evioka nechce rybu. 3

kina. 4 Čo si prajete/želáte/dáte na pitie? 5 Káva je n
hovorí o Igorovi. 7 Niekedy matke pomáhame. 8 Idem
9 Pamätáš/Pamätáte si jej meno?

Exercise 9

1 Zora hrá na gitare. Zora plays the guitar. 2 Bývam v

living in a hotel. 3 Eva sedí na gauoi. Eva is sitting on
Múzeum je na námestí. The museum is on the square
šálku na koberec. Pavol puts the cup on the carpet. 6
koberci. The cup is on the carpet. 7 Ak chceš, môžeš p
swim if you want. 8 Viem, že Viera vie písat’. I know
write. 9 Nemôžeme íst’ na koncert. We can’t go to the
Chceme íst’ do kina. We want to go to the cinema.

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 Exercise 1

1 Chalupa je pod kopcom, medzi školou a námestím,

2 Chodia tam autom alebo vlakom. 3 Cesta vlakom tr
pol.

Exercise 2

1 Pán Král’ pije kávu bez cukru. 2 kaj pije bez mlieka.

Exercise 3

1 Nie. Peter cestuje s bratom a so sestrou. 2 Nie. Včer

dnes idú do Prešova.

Exercise 4

1 Do you go to work by car? – Nie, chodím autobusom

your flat? – Náš byt je na námestí za kostolom. 3 Wh
church? – Kostol je pred školou. 4 And where is the s
je medzi kinom a riekou. 5 How do you go to Prague?
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 would you like? – kaj s mliekom, prosím, a s cukrom
– Prosím si spiatooný lístok s miestenkou do Prešova

Exercise 5

1 Sedel v bufete. 2 Uoil sa na skúšku. 3 Pavol (i)šiel d

(i)šla na koncert. 5 Pozerala televíziu a hrala so sestro

Exercise 6

1 Hl’adal som sestru. I was looking for my sister. 2 V

neštudoval(a). In the summer you didn’t study. 3 Čo
jar? What did you do in spring? 4 Pavol išiel do kina.
the cinema. 5 Otec bol v krčme. Father was in the bar
Pozeral som televíziu. I was watching TV. 7 V zime hr
winter they played chess. 8 Študoval som medicínu. I
medicine. 9 Matka nemala byt. Mother didn’t have a
jesep sme cestovali. In the autumn we travelled.

Exercise 7

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 Sestra je unavená. 5 The school was on the square. Šk
námestí. 6 Juraj was studying. Juraj sa učí. 7 They w
sleep. Idú spat’. 8 Father didn’t have a sister. Otec ne

Exercise 8

1 Náš dom je/bol na námestí medzi školou a riekou. 2

chodí/chodil autom, ale sestra chodí/chodila niekedy
Our house is/was on the square between the school a
My father goes/went there by car, but my sister goes/
sometimes also by train.

Exercise 9

1 Prší. Je mi zima. 2 Je pekne. Slnko svieti. 3 Je zima

oblaono, ale horúco. 5 Je veterno, ale je mi teplo. 6 Je
mrzne.

Unit 7

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 1 bravoový rezep a zemiAkový šalát 2 párok v rožku s
rybu a chlieb s maslom 4 zeleninovú polievku, rybu a
syrom 5 kurča s ryžou a zmrzlinu 6 fazul’ku s vajíoko
džemom

Exercise 2

1 … v jedálni … Ako v reštaurácii … 2 do kaviarne … k

vína … 3 na ulici … s horoicou

Exercise 3

1 Jedia/Jedli v hoteli alebo v reštaurácii. 2 Obedujem

sme v kaviarni. 3 Potom veoeriame/sme veoerali dom
rapajky jem/som jedol chlieb so syrom alebo s džemo
som kávu a čaj s cukrom a s mliekom. 6 Reštaurácia j
hoci je/bola aj pomerne drahá.

Exercise 4

okno – window, dom – house, list – letter/leaf, ruka

piece, slovo – word, ulica – street, kniha – book, pes
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 Exercise 5

Jozef je vonku. Včera pršalo. Sedel doma, čítal si nov

rádio. Dnes chcel íst’ von. Teraz je v meste. Išiel do C
kaviarni schôdzku s kamarátkou. Je to Anglioanka. V
Jozef ju učí slovenoinu.

Exercise 6

1 Sedela v knižnici. She was sitting in the library. 2 Je

She’s upstairs in the bedroom. 3 JANKO je v posteli.
4 Otec bol v kuchyni. Father was in the kitchen. 5 Poz
He was watching TV. 6 JANKO si oblieka sveter. JAN
sweater. 7 Jozef si umýva ruky. Jozef washes his hand
vyzlieka kabát. Eva takes off her coat. 9 Viera si zobú
Viera takes off her shoes. 10 Igor si obúva topánky. Ig
shoes.

Unit 8

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 uvarit’, vypit’, zaplatit’, zjest’, urobit’, napísat’

Exercise 2

kupovat’/kúpit’, dávat’/dat’, pozývat’/pozvat’, čítat’/p

d’Akovat’/ pod’Akovat’

Exercise 3

1 Igor čítal román. Igor was reading a novel. 2 Zuzka

mail. Zuzka has read the email. 3 Mišo zjedol strašne
eaten an awful lot. 4 Eva vypila fl’ašu vína. Eva has d
wine. 5 Mišo a Eva pili celý dep. Mišo and Eva were d
6 Brat uvaril naozaj chutnú večeru. My brother has c
tasty supper. 7 Sestra urobila jednu vel’kú chybu. My
made one big mistake. 8 Otec mu napíše pekný list. F
him a nice letter. 9 Zajtra mu pod’akujem za tú knihu
thank him for that book. 10 Mohol/Mohla by som ho
Vilikovskou? Could I speak to Mrs Vilikovská? 11 Chc
hovorit’ s pani Bednárovou. I would like to speak to M

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 – Haló? Pani Bednárová? – Yes, speaking. Who’s call
Viera. Mohol/Mohla by som hovorit’ s pánom Bedná
Unfortunately he’s not at home. He’s in Vienna. – Ah
Kedy sa vráti, pani Bednárová? – He’ll return on Mon
give him a message? – Ehm … nie. Nie je to vel’mi dô
by som sa s ním stretnút’. Zavolám mu pozajtra, v po
Nebude vám to prekážat’? – No, that’s all right. I’ll te
called. – makujem vám pekne. Prepáote, že som vás o
doesn’t matter/ You’re welcome. Goodbye. – Do vide

Exercise 5

1 Viera otvorila okno. 2 Eva zatvorila okno. 3 Pavol si

nohavice. 4 Eva si obliekla sveter. 5 Pavol si vyzliekol
Včera dostal pekný list. 7 Vstal zavoasu a zjedol rožok
Prišli včera a odišli dnes. 9 Nebudú doma celý dep.

Unit 9

Exercise 1

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 Exercise 2

1 Anna stratila cestovný pas a pepaženku. 2 Sadla si d

pri okne.

Exercise 3

1 Policajná stanica je v modernej budove hned’ vedl’a

Anna má matku Anglioanku a otca Slováka.

Exercise 4

1 Elena má oiernu tašku. Elena has a black bag. 2 Jur

trioko. Juraj has a white T-shirt. 3 Vl’avo sedí pani v
A lady is sitting on the left in a red skirt. 4 Vpravo sto
hnedom svetri. On the right stands a man in a brown
Anna čaká v tom modrom aute. Anna is waiting in th
Jozef býva v tom krásnom žltom dome. Jozef lives in
yellow house.

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 1 dol’ava na hlavnej ulici 2 naproti vel’kému obchodn
starej budove vedl’a pošty 4 hned’ za rohom pred star
v zadnej miestnosti v kúte vl’avo 6 V tej malej ulici na
stanici 7 Prejdete ulicu, potom idete doprava. 8 Stani
d’aleko, idete dol’ava, potom (prejdete) cez most.

Exercise 6

O kom hovorila Viera? Hovorila o Pavlovi. S kým hov

s učitel’om. Nevie o Pavlovi Nič. Nikto nevie o učitel’o
niekde v Petržalke, ale nikdy o Ničom nehovorí. Viera
rýchlo, niekedy hovorí vel’mi dlho. „Ideš niekam, Vie
dnes nejdem nikam.”

Exercise 7

1 Prepáote, ja som vás v prvej chvíli nespoznal(a). 2 T

nevideli! 3 Ani ste sa vel’mi nezmenili. 4 Trocha som
To nie je pravda! Vyzeráte dobre. 6 Poznám váš oláno
republike. 7 Teraz ma vel’mi zaujíma politická situác
Európe, najmä na Slovensku.

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 Exercise 1

1 Dobrý veoer. 2 Môžem íst’ d’alej? 3 Pookajte chvíl’u

d’alej. 5 Sadnite si. 6 Posad’te sa. 7 Na zdravie.

Exercise 2

1 Vezmite si pomarano! 2 Pozrite sa, Bill. 3 Nemohli

tykat’? 4 Neboj sa! 5 Nechod’! 6 Zapíš si telefónne oís
mi! 8 Sl’úb, že mi zajtra zavoláš!

Exercise 3

1 Pookajte chvíl’u! 2 Pod’te d’alej a sadnite si! 3 Vezm

Nebojte sa! 5 Nebud’te tak nervózny/nervózna! 6 Nec
Nehnevajte sa! 8 Zapíšte si adresu! 9 Zajtra mi zavola
že mi zavoláte!

Exercise 4

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 Daj si so mnou ešte pohárik! 7 Ležal(a) si na posteli.
si si na postel’. 9 Prepáo!

Exercise 5

čítaj/te! read! pi/te! drink! miluj/te! love! daj/te! giv

don’t give! napíš/te! write! povedz/te! tell! zjedz/te! e
stop! vyber/te! choose! l’ahni/te si! lie down!

Exercise 6

1 Slováci, kesi, Mad’ari, Anglioania, učitelia, bratia, o

– Slovaks, Czechs, Hungarians, English, teachers, bro
sons 2 Slovenky, kešky, Mad’arky, Anglioanky, učitel
sestry, dcéry – all female: Slovaks, Czechs, Hungaria
teachers, mothers, sisters, daughters 3 stoly, nože, vi
taniere – tables, knives, forks, spoons, plates 4 pekné
poháre, krásne mestá, biele saká, oierne klobúky – ni
glasses, lovely towns, white jackets, black hats

Exercise 7

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 4 Máte rád/rada moderné budovy? 5 Mám rád/rada
hrady/zámky, kostoly, múzeá a koncerty. 6 Adriana m
kaviarne, vinárne a drahé reštaurácie. 7 Potrebujem t
listy do Anglicka. 8 Jeho kamaráti/priatelia čítajú am
9 Majú radi talianske filmy a nemecké autá.

Exercise 8

1 JANKO má dve autá. JANKO has two cars. 2 Títo tr

študenti nie sú hlúpi. These three American students
3 Mám štyroch bratov a jedného syna. I have four bro
son. 4 Karol má dvoch učitel’ov slovenoiny. Karol has
teachers of Slovak. 5 Jozef má dve učitel’ky slovenoin
two female teachers of Slovak. 6 To sú vel’mi staré a š
These are very old and ugly jeans. 7 Karol pracoval tr
Bratislave. Karol worked three years in Bratislava. 8
bratia boli dobrí priatelia. These two brothers were g
Tieto dve sestry sú vel’mi dobré kamarátky. These tw
very good friends.

Unit 11
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 1 štyri kilá zemiAkov 2 štvrt’ kila salámy 3 tri litre ml
poma-ranoov 5 dvadsat’ deka syra 6 pätnást’ deka br
marhúl’ 8 kilo jahôd 9 desat’ deka šunky 10 dve kilá j

Exercise 2

1 šest’ banánov, osem pomaranoov a sedem broskýp

(fl’ašiek) piva a pät’ fliaš bieleho vína 3 pät’ Slovákov
Anglioanov 4 desat’ týždpov a jedenást’ mesiacov 5 p
okná

Exercise 3

1 tri eurá, štyri eurá, dve eurá 2 pät’ eur, štrnást’, šest
dvadsat’štyri, štyridsat’, šest’desiat, tridsat’pät’, osem
devät’desiatdevät’, devätnást’ eur 3 pät’sto eur, tristo
dvestopät’desiatsedem, devät’-stoosemdesiatdva, trit
stoštyridsat’šest’ eur

Exercise 4

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 Exercise 5

1 Zostali tam desat’ nocí. They stayed there ten night

tam osem dní. We’ll stay there eight days. 3 Má osem
eight fields. 4 V Bratislave je vel’a kaviarní. In Bratisl
lots of cafés. 5 Náš dom má dve kúpel’ne. Our house
bathrooms. 6 Majú šest’ detí. They have six children.
zopár l’udí. I know only a couple of people. 8 Mám do
kamarátov. I have rather few friends. 9 Mám vel’a oa
of time.

Exercise 6

1 Jedenást’. V skupine je jedenást’ Talianov. 2 Pät’. V

Francúzok. 3 Nie. Je tam vel’a zaoiatooníkov. 4 Nie. J
pokrooilých. 5 Nie. Chlapov má málo.

Exercise 7

1 Je pät’ hodín a desat’ minút. 2 Prednáška je o ekonó

politickej situácii. 3 Prednáša dvaja mladí profesori. 4
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 Exercise 8

1 Máme vel’a žiAkov, nieKol’ko Amerioanov slovensk

zopár Anglioanov, spolu osemnást’ l’udí. 2 Pán Švant
zaoiatooníkov: desat’ Talianov, osem Mad’arov a sed
3 Väošinou sú to ženy: štyri Talianky, šest’ Mad’ariek
Francúzok – vel’a zaoiatooníkov ale málo pokrooilých
hodín? – Je presne sedem hodín, už mali zaoat’. 5 Čo
aktovke? – Asi štyri knihy, desat’ zošitov a kilo zemiA

Unit 12

Exercise 1

1 Sú presne dve (hodiny). 2 Ide do Univerzitnej knižn

Zoznámili sa len pred týždpom. 4 O tretej nemôže pr

Exercise 2

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 Exercise 3

1 When did he come? – Prišiel o jednej. 2 At what tim

– Odišiel o druhej. 3 When did they arrive? – Prišli o
did they leave? – Odišli o polnoci. 5 When were they
od tretej do deviatej. 6 When did she arrive? – Prišla

Exercise 4

1 Hl’adajú ma /t’a. They are looking for me/you. 2 Tá

mpa/teba. This book is for me/you. 3 Hovorili oasto
They often spoke about me/you. 4 Stoja za mnou/teb
standing behind me/you. 5 Idú ku mne/k tebe. They
towards me/you. 6 Kto mi/ti to povedal? Who told m
Chcela ma/t’a poprosit’ o jednu vec. She wanted to as
one thing. 8 Nechcel íst’ so mnou/s tebou. He didn’t
me/you.

Exercise 5

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 otcom (s mamkou a ockom). 5 Väošia izba s vapou st
osemdesiatdevät’ eur.

Exercise 6

1 Nevideli nás. They didn’t see us. 2 Nepomáhali vám

help you? 3 Kol’ko je vás? How many are there of you
môže hrat’ s nami. The boy can play with us. 5 Mome
to poviem. Just a moment, I’ll tell you right away. 6 T
pre vás. This parcel is for you.

Exercise 7

1 Je štvrt’ na šest’. 2 Je trištvrte na pät’. 3 Je pol šiest

pol desiatej. 5 Prišli o pol tretej. 6 Vlak odchádza o št
7 O pol druhej sme zastavili pred hotelom.

Exercise 8

1 Máte/Nemáte vol’né izby? 2 Je nás šest’. 3 Sme dva

Potrebujeme tri dvojlôžkové izby, so sprchou. 5 Potre

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 Unit 13

Exercise 1

1 Išiel do knižnice. 2 Chodí tam Sopa. Stále tam chod

chodí aj Sopa. 3 Pred školou. kaká na pu stále pred šk
zastávke elektrioky. kaká napho niekedy na zastávke

Exercise 2

1 Vidím ju. I see her. 2 Pomáham jej. I help her. 3 Ide

going with her. 4 Hovorili sme o nej. We were speaki
Hl’adám ju. I’m looking for her.

Exercise 3

1 Nemám ho rada. I don’t like him. 2 Telefonujem mu

him. 3 Išla s ním na koncert. She went with him to a

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 Exercise 4

1 Zvyčajne chodí vlakom. 2 Včera išla autobusom. 3 k

kina. 4 Dnes ide do divadla. 5 V pondelok išiel na kon
so mnou na diskotéku?

Exercise 5

1 Presne o dvanástej … 2 … zišli dolu schodmi … 3 …

budovy. 4 Prešli cez námestie … 5 … a odišli … 6 … sm
elektrioku.

Exercise 6

1 Vidíte ich? Do you see them? 2 Hovorili sme práve

just talking about them. 3 Zatelefonovala im. She tele
4 Išli k nim na večeru. They went to their place for su
sme od nich pekný list. We got a nice letter from them

Exercise 7
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 Exercise 8

1 Vošli do domu. 2 Vlak už odišiel. 3 Rozišli sa pred d

JANKO vošiel do knižnice. 5 Viera obišla okolo divad
most. 6 Našli sme peknú vinárep. 7 Chlapec podišiel
obloku.

Unit 14

Exercise 1

1 Obidva sú vlnené. 2 Modrý je tenší. 3 Ale drahší. 4 Z

kvalitnejšej vlny. 5 Žltý je hrubší. 6 Je ovel’a lacnejší.
A tiež vel’mi kvalitný.

Exercise 2

1 kervená sa mi najviac páči. 2 Má širšie rukávy. 3 A u

Gombíky sú lepšie. 5 Je elegantnejšia. 6 Má najkrajší

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 Exercise 3

1 Táto blúzka je lacnejšia. 2 Tieto gombíky sú lepšie.

je drahší Ako ten modrý. 4 Biela blúzka sa mi najviac
najkrajší strih. 5 Tieto košele sú teplejšie, z kvalitnejš
košel’a je mi malá, potrebujem väošie oíslo. 7 Táto ko
rukávy.

Exercise 4

1 Eva je najmladšia. Eva is the youngest. 2 Otec je na

is the oldest. 3 Zuzana je moja najlepšia kamarátka. Z
best friend. 4 Igor je najsilnejší, ale Peter je najrýchle
strongest, but Peter is the fastest. 5 Môj kufor je najt’
aktovka je najl’ahšia. My suitcase is the heaviest and
is the lightest. 6 Táto ulica je najkratšia a najužšia. Th
shortest and narrowest. 7 Tvoje auto je najnovšie. Yo
newest. 8 Toto mesto je najstaršie a najkrajšie. This t
oldest and most beautiful.

Exercise 5

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 Ako pán Novák. Mr RojČo is richer than Mr Novák. 4
menšia Ako ja. Evioka is smaller than me. 5 Pavol je v
Pavol is bigger than me.

Exercise 6

1 Býva v Trenoianskych Tepliciach. S/he lives in Tren

Teplice. 2 Jej brat študuje v Košiciach. Her brother st
Košice. 3 Jej matka býva v Nových Zámkoch. Her mo
Nové Zámky. 4 Jeho otec býva v Topol’oanoch. His fa
Topol’oany. 5 Jeho dcéra býva v Piešt’anoch. His dau
Piešt’any. 6 Ján Hollý býval v Maduniciach. Ján Holl
Madunice.

Exercise 7

1 Išli sme do Košíc. We went to Košice. 2 Jej otec je z

Her father is from Topol’oany. 3 Ideme do Piešt’an. W
Piešt’any. 4 Idú do Trenoianskych Teplíc. They are go
Trenoianske Teplice. 5 Jeho sestra je z Nových Zámk
from Nové Zámky.

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 1 Hovorili sme o tých amerických študentoch. We we
those American students. 2 Ide s kamarátmi/priatel’m
S/he is going with friends to the theatre. 3 Varí sestrá
is cooking her/his sisters lunch. 4 Píše bratom krátky
writing her/his brothers a short message. 5 Ubytovan
cestovných kanceláriách. S/he books accommodation
agencies. 6 Kupuje knihy o starých mestách a hradoc
S/he buys books about old towns and castles. 7 Idú s
koncert. They are going with the students to a concer
študentkami na večeru. We are going with the female
dinner.

Exercise 9

1 Dnes letím do Bratislavy. 2 Nerád lietam. 3 Vždy no

košele. 4 Dnes nesieš/nesiete kufor. 5 Zvyčajne nosíš
alebo tašku. 6 kasto behá v parku. 7 Dnes beží do prá

Exercise 10

1 Chcel by som íst’ do Piešt’an. 2 Ako sa tam dostanem

s kamarátmi zo školy. 4 Ako dlho trvá cesta? 5 Mám í

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 Unit 15

Exercise 1

1 Prestal by pracovat’/Odišiel by z roboty. 2 Predal by

v Petržalke. 3 Kúpil by si krásnu starú vilu s vel’kou z
zopár luxusných áut. 5 A cestoval by po svete.

Exercise 2

1 Keby som mal oas, cestoval by som po svete. If I had

about/around the world. 2 Keby si nemal/ste nemali
si robil(a)/by ste robili? If you didn’t have (any) mon
you do? 3 Preložili by ste/Preložil(a) by si mi toto slo
translate this word for me? 4 Nemohla by príst’ zajtra
come tomorrow? 5 Neviem, oi Viera príde. I don’t kn
come.

Exercise 3

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 stolioke. 5 Poznáš/Poznáte našich amerických a angl
6 Hovorila o tvojich/vašich priatel’och/kamarátoch.
svojich priatel’och/kamarátoch. 8 Hovorí o jej
priatel’och/kamarátoch. 9 Nechal(a) som svoju knihu
tvojom/vašom stole.

Exercise 4

1 Predávajú ho, aby sa mohli Pavlovi bratia prest’aho

Bratislavy a kúpit’ si tam byty. 2 Petrove oierne topán
Irenin bicykel je lepší. 4 Šestnásteho októbra. JANKO
narodeniny šestnásteho októbra. 5 Bude mat’ pätnás
Ôsmeho februára. Zuzka má narodeniny ôsmeho feb

Exercise 5

1 Čia je to kniha? To je Irenina kniha. 2 kie sú to topá

bratovy topánky. 3 kí je to bicykel? To je sestrin bicyk
auto? To je Igorovo auto. 5 kie sú to perá? To sú strýk

Exercise 6

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 dvadsiateho deviateho augusta.

Exercise 7

1 Chcela, aby som išiel/išla s pou. 2 Povedal mi, aby s

novú košel’u. 3 Radili nám, aby som predal(a) dom. 4
som nestratil(a) zamestnanie. 5 Chcem, aby mi dali v
Potrebuje auto, aby mohla cestovat’ po Slovensku.

Unit 16

Exercise 1

1 Máte otvorené? 2 Máte vol’ný stôl pre štyroch? 3 M

dvoch? 4 Všetky stoly sú obsadené alebo rezervované
lístok, prosím. 6 Pohár oerveného vína a dve fl’ašky m

Exercise 2

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 paprikovej omáoke. 6 S ryžou. 7 A raz bryndzové halu
uhorkový šalát. 9 Raz paradajkový šalát. 10 A peoivo.

Exercise 3

prekvapený surprised, kúpený bought, napísaný writ

read, milovaný loved, stratený lost, varený boiled/coo
shaved, zabudnutý forgotten, pozvaný invited, balený
zatvorený closed, korunovaný crowned, zmenený cha
objednaný booked/ordered

Exercise 4

1 Všetky dievoatá sú v knižnici. 2 Všetci chlapci sú v a

sa to píše? 4 Kde sa predávajú lístky do divadla? 5 Kn
zatvára o štvrtej. 6 Hl’adali sme vo všetkých izbách.

Exercise 5

cestujúci travelling, organizujúci organising, študujú

čítajúci reading, volajúci calling, spievajúci singing; r
doing/making, chodiaci walking/going, bežiaci runni
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 Exercise 6

robit’, sediet’, vidiet’, byt’, jest’, mat’, spat’

Exercise 7

1 Pred štyrmi rokmi. Four years ago. 2 Po dvoch roko

years. 3 kítam troje novín. I read three newspapers. 4
jedny nohavice. I have only one pair of trousers. 5 Ch
sedemnástkou. I go to work on the number seventeen
Bývam na osmioke. I’m living/staying in room eight.

Slovak–English glossary

This glossary aims generally to cover the dialogue

language points. Noun genders are given if unpred
non-predictable genitive singular forms, e.g. mi. -a
supplied. These also indicate the declension type. Plu
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 A
a and
aby to, in order t
adresa addres
aha ah!
ahoj hi, hello;
aj also (= in ad
ak if
akadémia academ
Ako as, like (as if
Ako? how?
Ako dlho? how lon
aktovka briefcas
akurát, je mi it’s an exa
akurát
aký? what? what kind of?
ale but, howe
alebo or
alkoholik || alkoholička an alcoho
americký America
Američan || -ka an Ameri
Amerika Americ
Anglicko Englan
anglicko–slovenský English–Sl
anglický, anglicky English, in E
Angličan || -ka Englishman, -
angličtina English lan
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 áno yes
apríl, -a April
architekt || -ka archite
asi probably, a
aspoň at leas
august, -a Augus
auto car
autobus, -u/-a bus
autobusová stanica bus stati
autor || autorka author
až up to, to the poi

B
babka g
bageta b
balík, -a
balit’ > za- t
banán, -a/-u b
banka
bankár || -ka b
bankovka ba
bar, -u
básnik
bát’ sa/bojím sa t
batožina l
bavit’ to
bavlna
bažant ph
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 beletria
Beskydy – Beskýd f. pl. the
bez + gen. w
bezmäsitý m
bežat’ + behat’
béžový
bicykel, -kla, pl. -kle b
Biele Karpaty – th
Bielych Karpát f. pl. Car
bielizeň , -zne f. underw
biely
bilión, -a billion
m
biliónty b
blázon, -zna m
blízko nea
blog, -u
blogovat’ t
blondínka a
blúzka b
bod, -u
bodka dot
boh – boha, dat./loc. -u/-ovi, pl.
bohovia
bohatší
bohatý
bohužial’ unfo
reg
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 bonboniéra box o
bozkat’ > po-
bože! see boh
bralo cr
bránka ga
brankár || -ka go
brat, pl. bratia b
brat’/beriem > zobrat’, vziat’ t
Bratislava, adj. -ský Br
bravčové (mäso)
bravčový po
brázdit’ po to b
internete In
breh, -u sho
Británia, Vel’ká Gre
britský B
broskyň a
browsovanie br
browsovat’ to browse
bryndza, -e soft shee
bryndzové halušky f. pl. chee
bud’!
bud’ … alebo eit
Budapešt’, -šti f. B
budem see byt’ I
budík, -a ala
budova b

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 bunda rain ja
búrka thun
by
býk, -a
byt, -u flat,
byt’/som etc., bol
bývat’
bývat’ freq. to be

C
celkom quite, entire
celok, -lku whole (piec
celý the whole
cena price
ceruzka pencil
cesta road, journe
cestovat’ to travel
cestovný travel adj.
-á kancelária travel offic
-ý pas passport
-ý poriadok timetable
cestujúci passenger
cez + acc. across, through,
cezeň through it
cigareta cigarette
cisár emperor
cítit’ to feel
citrón, -a lemon
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 Č
čaj, -u
čajník, -a t
čakat’ > počkat’ t
čas, -u
časopis, -u m
čast’ – časti f.
často
čašník || čašníčka waite
čau h
Čech, pl. Česi || f. Češka a
čerešna, pl. čerešne c
červený
česat’/češem > u- to
Česká republika the Cze
Česko-Slovensko/Československo Czec
český, česky Czech
Češka a Cze
čeština Czech
četovat’ = chatovat’ to chat (o
či wh
čí, čia, čie w
čiapka
čiarka c
čiernobiely black
čierny
čím see čo (b
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 činnost’ a
čínsky C
čínština Chine
číslo num
čistý cle
čitáreň , -rne f. read
čítat’ > pre- t
čítavat’/čítavam freq. t
čižma
článok, -nku a
človeče!
človek, pl. l’udia per
čo? – čoho?
čo najskôr as soon
čoho see čo (o
čokoláda ch
čom, čomu see čo
čoskoro
čudný stra
čudovat’ sa to b

D
dá sa it is p
da o – dačoho som
dajaký some
dakde som
dakedy som
d’Akovat’ > po- to
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 dáky some
d’alej fu
d’aleko far, f
d’alší another
dáma l
dámsky ladi
darček, -a pres
dat’ < dávat’ to gi
databáza dat
dátum – dátumu d
dávat’ see dat’ to gi
dážd’ – dažd’a r
dáždnik, -a um
dcéra dau
december, -bra Dec
deci de
dedina vi
dedo, dedko gran
dejiny, -ín f. pl. hi
deka, sg. deko deca
delené + ins. divi
deň – dň a, vo dne, pl. dni – dní
desat’
desiaty te
deti, -tí, -t’om, childr
-t’och, -t’mi d
detský childr

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 devätnást’, -sty ninet
devät’ročný nine-
deviaty n
Devín, -a fortress ne
diet’a, -at’a, pl. deti c
dievča, -at’a, pl. dievčatá
diplom, -u, adj. -ový dip
diplomat || -ka dip
disk, -u d
diskotéka d
divadelný adj. th
divadlo th
dlážka f
dlho for a l
dlhší lo
dlhý l
dÍžeň , -žňa acute sign
dnes to
dnešný to
dni, -í pl. of deň d
dnu ins
do + gen. into/to
do videnia go
dobre well, g
dobrú chut’! good
dobrú noc! good
dobrý g

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 doktor || -ka do
dokument, -u doc
dolár, -a, loc. -i, pl. doláre d
dol’ava to t
dolu/dole down, d
dom, -u h
dóm, -u cat
doma at
domček, -a dim. (little
domov (to)
doň, doň ho into
doobeda in the
dopis, -u coll. = list le
doporučený list registe
doprava to th
dost’ fairly, rat
dostat’/dostanem < dostávat’ to
dostat’ sa pf. to get (
došiel see dôjst’ reache
dovážat’ to i
doviezt’ < dovážat’ to convey
im
dovolenka ho
dovolit’ < dovol’ovat’ to
dovolit’ si pf. to
dovoz, -u im
dôjst’/dôjdem, došiel pf. to
dôležitý imp
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 drez, -u s
drobné pl. ch
drogéria che
druhý other
družstvo team,
dub, -a
dúfat’ to
Dunaj, -a river
dva, f./n. dve t
dvadsat’, dvadsiaty twen
dvaja ma. t
dvakrát tw
dvanást’, -sty twelve
dvere – dverí/dvier, dver(a)mi f. d
pl.
dvesto, dvojstý two hu
dvoch see dva, dvaja t
dvojlôžková izba double(-b
dvojsmerný two-way
dvojstý two-h
dvom, dvoma see dva, dvaja t
džem, -u j
džínsy – džíns/ džínsov f./m. pl. je
džús, -u j

E
ehm um
ekonóm || -ka econ
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 električka t
elektronická email (lit
pošta p
e-mail, -u = [imejl] em
e-mailovat’ = [imejlovat’] to
ementál, -u, adj. -sky Emm
ešte still, e
ešte jeden ‘still on
ešte ne-/nie no
ešte nie o somet
ešte raz again, o
ešte stále s
euro, -a, pl. e
eurá – eur
Európa Eu
Európska únia the Euro
európsky Eur
Eva, dim. Evička =
evanjelický Lut
existovat’ to
exkurzia exc
export, -u see also vývoz ex
exportovat’ impf./pf. to e

F
fabrika factor
fajčit’ to smok
fajn fine
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 fantastický fantast
fanúšik, pl. -ovia fan
farár vicar, parish
farba colour
farebný colour a
Fatra, Malá the Low F
Fatra, Vel’ká the High F
fazul’ka beans
február, -a Februa
fialka violet
fialový purple, vi
fíha goodne
filé n. invariable fillet
filharmónia Philharm
film, -u film
fl’aša, fl’aška bottle
fleška flash drive, U
fontána fountai
fotka photo
fotograf || -ka photograp
fotografia photogra
Francúz || -ka Frenchman/
Francúzsko Franc
francúzsky French
francúzština French
fúkat’ to blow
fungovat’ to function/be

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 futbalový football a

G
garáž, -e f. ga
gauč, -a settee
geografia geog
gitara gu
gól, -u g
golier, -a, pl. -e co
gombík, -a bu
gotický Go

H
hádam probably, I g
hádat’ sa to quarre
hádzat’/hádžem see to throw
hodit’
hala hall
halier, -a, pl. -e heller
haló hello (on ph
hej yes (colloqu
herec, -rca || herečka actor, actr
heslo password, slogan,
dictionar
historický historica
hlad, -u hunger
hl’adat’ to look fo
hladný hungry

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 hlavný main
hÍbka depth
hlboký deep
hlbší deeper
hlúpy stupid
hmla mist, fog
hmlisto misty, fog
hned’ at once, imme
hnedý brown
hnevat’ sa to be ang
ho see on him/it
hoci although
hodina hour, also c
hodinky, -niek f. pl. watch
hodit’ < hádzat’/hádžem to throw
hodit’ sa to be suita
hodváb, -u, adj. silk
hodvábny
hokej, -a ice-hocke
hokejista || -stka hockey pla
hokejka hockey sti
holiaci strojček shaver
holit’ (sa) > o- to shave
hora mountai
horčica mustard
hore up, upsta
Hornád, -u river Horn
horný upper
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 horúci, adv. horúco hot
host’, pl. hostia guest
hostinec, -nca pub, inn
hotel, -a, loc. -i, pl. -y hotel
hovädzí beef adj
hovädzie (mäso) beef
hovorit’ to speak
hra a game, a p
hráč|| -ka player
hrad, -u castle
hranolky, -ov m. pl. chips
hrat’/hrám (sa) to play
hx ba a heap, pile,
Hron, -a river Hro
hrubý/-ší thick/er
hrud’, -de f. chest
hudba music
hudobník || hudobníčka musician
hus, -i f. goose
hustý thick
hviezda star
hydina poultry

CH
chalupa cotta
chata tourist
chatovat’ = [o etovat’] to chat (on th
chce sa mi I feel
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 chladnička frid
chladný, adv. chladno cool, c
chlap man, guy
chlapče! lad! b
chlapec, -pca boy,
chlieb – chleba brea
chod’(te)! go
chodievat’ freq. to g
chodit’ see íst’ to walk
chorý ill, si
chrbát – chrbta bac
chudobný poo
chudý thi
chut’, -ti f. appe
chutný tast
chvíl’a, -le a wh
chyba mista
chystat’ sa to prepar
chytit’ pf. to ca

I
iba
ide o + acc. it c
idea, dat./loc. idei
idem see íst’
igelitová taška pla
ich see oni the
ikona
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 importovat’ impf./pf. to
inteligentný in
internát, -u hall o
internet, -u I
internetová kaviareň f. Inte
interview n. in
iný
inžinier || -ka e
Ipel’ – Ipl’a ri
íst’/idem + chodit’
isteže ce
istý c
ten istý th
išiel, išla see íst’
izba

J
ja
jablko
jahoda str
Ján =
Janíčko/Janíček, -čka dim. = (litt
Janko dim. =
január, -a J
japončina Japane
Japonec || Japonka a Japa
Japonsko J
japonský Ja
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 jasný
jazero, dim. jazierko lake,
jazyk, -a langu
je see byt’
je see jest’
jedáleň , -lne f. din
jedálny lístok
jedávat’ freq. to eat
jeden, jedna, jedno
jedenást’, -sty ele
jedia see jest’ th
jediný the
jedlo, gen. pl. jedál foo
jednoduchý s
jednolôžková izba single(-b
jednosmerný lístok one-
jedol see jest’
jeho see on his ( pos
jej see ona her ( po
jemu see on to/
jeseň , -ne f. a
jesenný aut
jest’/jem … jedia, jedol > zjest’
ju acc.
juh, -u
júl, -a
jún, -a

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 K
k, ku + dat. to (–’s
kabát, -a
kabínka cabin
kačica d
kam wh
kamarát || -ka fr
Kanada Ca
Kanad’an || -ka a Ca
kanadský Can
kancelária o
kapor, -pra c
kapusta ca
karfiol, -u cau
Karpaty – Karpát f. pl. the Ca
karta c
karty – kariet/karát c
katolícky Ca
káva c
kaviareň , -rne f.
každý each
kde? w
keby
kecat’ > po- to
ked’ w
kedy w
kedysi once (u
kilo kil
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 klasický cla
klávesnica key
klavír, -a, loc. -i, pl. -y p
kliknút’ pf. to
klinček car
klobása sa
klobúk, -a
klub, -u
kl’úč, -a
kň az p
kniha b
kníhkupectvo boo
knižka dim. (littl
knižnica library
koberec, -rca c
kockovaný ch
kocúr, -a to
koho see kto wh
kohútik, -a tap
kola
kolega || kolegyň a col
koleno k
kol’kého je dnes? what’s
o kol’kej at wh
kol’ko? how mu
kol’ko je hodín? what t
kom, komu see kto w

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 koncertná sieň conc
koncom + gen. at th
konečná stanica/zastávka ter
konferencia con
koniec, -nca
kopec, -pca
kopírovat’ > od- (computing) s-, to
korenie (čierne) (black
koruna c
korunovat’ sa to be
kost’, -ti f. b
kostol, -a ch
košel’a, -le s
Košice, -íc f. pl. city o
košík, -a b
kožený leat
krájat’ > po- to
krajec, -jca s
krajinka landsca
krajší more beau
král’ k
krásne adv., beauti
je krásne lo
krásny, krajší beautiful,
krát, -krát t
krátenie sho
krátit’ to s

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 kratší sh
krava
kravata
krčma pub
krém, -u c
kreslo arm
kričat’/kričím to
Kriváň , -a mount
kríž, -a c
krk, -u n
bolí ma v krku I’ve a s
krok, -a/-u ste
krv, -i f. b
kto? – koho? w
ktorý who
ktorý? w
ku = k + dat. to, t
kufor, -fra, pl. -fre su
kuchár || kuchárka c
kuchyň a, -ne ki
kuchynský kút kitc
kultúra cu
kúpalisko bathi
kúpat’ sa/kúpem sa to
kúpel’ň a, -ne bat
kúpit’ < kupovat’ (si) to
kupovat’ see kúpit’ to

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 kúrenie he
kus, -a p
o kus ab
kúsok, -ska (littl
kúštiček, -čka dim. tiny li
kúštik, -a dim. (littl
kút, -a co
kvalitný/-ejší good/be
kvetina fl
kvetinárstvo flo
kým w
kým see kto (by)
kytica bo

L
lacný/-ejší
l’ad, -u
l’adový
l’ahký l
l’ahnút’ si/l’ahne si pf. t
lahôdky d
l’ahší lig
lampa
lanovka chair
láska
láskavo
láskavý
látka ma
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 lekáreň , -rne f. p
lekárnik || lekárnička p
len
lenivý
lepší, lepšie
les, -a
letecky b
letenka
letiet’/letím + lietat’
letisko
letný su
leto
ležat’/ležím
liek, -u
lietadlo
lietat’ see letiet’
list, -u/-a l
lístok, -tka
jedálny lístok
liter, -tra, pl. -tre
literatúra
Londýn, -a
lopta
losos, -a
l’ud, -u mi. sg. t
l’udia, -dí, -d’om, -d’och, -d’mi ma. pl. people
l’udový

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 lýceum – lýcea n. ly
lyža, pl. lyže, -í
lyžiar || -ka
lyžica
lyžovanie
lyžovat’ (sa)

M
ma see ja me
mača, -at’a, pl. -atá n. kitten
mačka cat
Mad’ar || Mad’arka a Hungar
mad’arčina Hungari
Mad’arsko Hungar
mad’arský, -y Hungari
magistrála trunk ro
máj, -a May
mal see mat’ had, should
mal by see mat’ ought t
Malá Fatra the Low F
Malé Karpaty f. pl. the Little Carp
maliarstvo paintin
maličkost’ a trifle, a sma
maličký dim. tiny litt
málo little, fe
mal’ovat’ > na- to pain
malý/menší small/e
mama, mami mum
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 manžel husban
manželia pl. a married c
manželka wife
marec, -rca March
marhul’a, -le aprico
Martin, -a Martin
maslo butter
mat’ to have; should, be
mat’ rád/rada to like, lo
mat’ radšej to prefe
mat’ sa to be (feel
Matej Korvín Matthias Co
matka mothe
mávat’ to wav
mávat’ freq. to hav
mäkčeň , -a soft sig
mäkký/mäkší soft/er
mäsiar || -ka butche
mäsiarstvo butcher
mäso meat
medicína medicin
medzi + ins. between, am
medzitým meanwh
mejl, -u coll. email
mejlovat’ coll. to ema
menej less
menit’ > z- change

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 mesiac, -a month, m
mestečko dim. little tow
mesto town
meškanie delay
mat’ meškanie to be la
meškat’ to be delaye
mi see ja to/for m
mier, -u, adj. mierový peace
miestenka seat reserv
miestnost’ room
miesto place, spac
miestami in place
miliarda thousand m
miliardtý thousand-mi
milión, -a million
milionár || -ka milliona
miliónty million
milovat’ to love
milý dear
mimoriadne extraordin
minca coin
minerálka mineral w
minimálne minimally, a
minulý last, pa
mínus minus
minút’/miniem, to spend, p
minul < míň at’ miss

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 mlieko milk
mň a, mne see ja me
mnoho many, m
mnou see ja me
mobil, -u or mobile ph
mobilný telefón cell-pho
modem, -u modem
moderný moder
modrý blue
mohol see môct’ was able, c
mohol by could, would
moja, moje see môj my
mokka mocca
mokro damp
moment (just) a mo
monitor, -a monito
Morava Moravia; river
na Morave in Morav
morčacie prsia turkey br
morka turkey
most, -a bridge
mozog, -zgu brain
možno maybe
možnost’ possibil
môct’/môžem, mohol to be able,
môj, moja, moje my
mráz – mrazu frost

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 mrznút’ to freez
mu see on to/for him
múdry wise
múka flour
musiet’/musím to have to,
múzeum – múzea n. museum
múzický performing
muž man, husb
mužstvo team (of m
my – nás we, us
mydlo soap
mysliet’/myslím (si) to thin
myš, -i f. mouse

N
na + acc. onto, f
a
na + loc.
na masle cooke
nad + ins.
náhlit’ sa to
nahnevaný ang
náhodou by cha
nachádzat’ see nájst’ t
nachádzat’ sa to be fo
naj- m
najmä es
najskôr mo
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 nAkoniec finally
nákup, -u shoppi
nakúpit’ < nakupovat’ t
nákupná taška shop
naliat’/nalejem < nalievat’ to
nám see my
namal’ovat’ pf. of mal’ovat’ t
namal’ovat’ sa pf. to put on
námestie (tow
nami see my
namiesto + gen. in
naň onto/
naň ho onto
naobedovat’ sa pf. hav
naopak on th
naozaj
nápad, -u
napínavý e
napísat’/napíšem pf. of písat’ t
napit’/napijem sa pf. to ha
napokon f
napríklad for
naproti + dat. o
naraň ajkovat’ sa pf. to hav
narcis, -u d
národ, -a n
narodenie

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 národný n
nás see my
nasadnút’ pf. to bo
naspät’
nástupište, -št’a statio
náš, naša, naše
naučit’ pf. of učit’ to
naučit’ sa pf. of učit’ sa t
navečerat’ sa pf. to ha
návrh, -u p
návšteva
navštívit’ < navštevovat’ t
názor, -u podl’a môjho názoru view, o
o
nazvat’/nazvem sa < nazývat’ sa to
ne see ony
ne-
nebo, -a, loc. -i
nebude s/he,
ned’aleko + gen. not
nedalo sa it was
nedávno r
nedel’a, -le S
neho see on h
nech
nech sa páči please,
nechat’ < to
nechávat’
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 nejaký so
nejst’/nejdem see íst’ n
nemčina Germa
Nemec, -mca || Nemka aG
Nemecko G
nemecký, -y G
nemocnica h
nemohol see môct’ c
nemožný im
nemu see on h
nenávidiet’/nenávidím t
neporiadok, -dku d
nerád doe
nervózny nerv
nesiem see niest’ I
neskoro
neskorší
neskôr
nesmiet’/nesmiem not to
m
nešiel, nešla see íst’ d
net, -u coll. = internet In
netrpezlivý im
nezamestnaný une
než
nič– ničoho n
ničsa nestalo don’t
nie n
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 niekde som
niekedy som
niekoho see niekto so
niekol’ko s
niekol’ko ráz seve
niekol’kokrát seve
niekto – niekoho so
niektorý
niest’/nesiem, niesol + nosit’ t
niet th
nich see oni
nikam to
nikde n
nikdy
nikto – nikoho, nikomu n
ním see on h
nim, nimi see oni
nízky
nižší
no well, um
noc, -i f. dobrú noc! night
nočný ni
nočný stolík bed
noha
nohavice, -íc f. pl. pančuchové trou
nohavice
nohavičky, -čiek f. pl. k
ňom loc. h
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 nosit’ see niest’ to ca
not’as coll. notebo
notebook = [noudbuk] noteboo
ňou ins.
november, -bra No
novinár || -ka jo
noviny, -ín f. pl. ne
novší
nový
nôž – noža
nožnice, -íc f. pl. s
ňu acc.
nudit’ sa to
núdzový východ emer

O
o + acc. in (a per
o + loc. about (them
oba, obe, obaja b
obálka env
obávat’ sa to
obed, -a lunch (m
obedovat’ > na- sa to ha
obchádzat’ see obíst’ to go
obchod, -u shop
obchodný dom departm
obidva b
obidvaja ma. both
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 objednaný order
objednat’ < objednávat’ to ord
oblačno adv. cl
oblečenie cl
oblek, -u
obliect’/oblečiem, obliekol < to put o
obliekat’
obliekat’ see obliect’ to
obloha
oblok, -a wi
obložený chlebík open s
obl’úbený favouri
obrátit’ sa pf. to turn
obraz, -u pi
obsadený occ
obt’ažovat’ to bother,
nu
obut’/obujem < obúvat’ to put
obuv, -i f. foo
obúvat’ see obut’ to put
obyčajne us
obyčajný ord
obývačka livin
ocko dim. of otec
očakávat’ to exp
oči, -í pl. of oko e
od, odo + gen. from, a
odborný specialis
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 odhlásit’ sa pf. to log
odchádzat’ see odíst’ to g
odchod, -u dep
odíst’/odídem, odišiel < to g
odchádzat’
odkaz, -u message, (
odkázat’ pf. to give
odkial’ wher
odkopírovat’ pf. of kopírovat’ to
odletiet’ < odlietat’ to
odlogovat’ sa pf. to log
odmietnut’ < odmietat’ to
odpoved’, -de f. a
odpovedat’/ to
odpovedám impf.
odpovedat’/ odpoviem pf. to
odrazu sud
odtial’ from
odtial’to from
odviezt’/odveziem, odviezol < to drive
odvážat’
ohlásit’ < ohlasovat’ to
oholit’ (sa) pf. of holit’ to
okamžite imm
okienko dim. little
okno wi
oko, pl. oči, -í
okolo + gen. ar
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 olej, -a
omáčka sauc
omeleta om
on, ona he
oni t
ono
ony they (n
opAkovat’ > z- to
opálený tanned
opät’ a
opitý d
opýtat’ sa pf. of pýtat’ sa to
oranžový adj. orange
organizovat’ to o
osem e
osemdesiat, -ty eigh
osemnást’, -sty eigh
osoba pe
osobne per
osprchovat’ sa pf. to have
ostat’ < ostávat’ to rem
oštiepok, -pka a hard shee
otázka qu
otec – otca, pl. otcovia fa
otecko dim. dad
otvárat’ see otvorit’ to
otvorený open

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 ovocie f
Oxford, -u O
ozvat’/ozvem sa < to resp
ozývat’ sa to

Ô
ôsmy eight

P
páčit’ sa to ple
palác, -a pala
pamät’, -ti f. mem
pamätat’ sa na + acc. to reme
pamätat’ si > za-+ acc. to reme
pamätný commem
pán Mr, man,
pančucháče, -ov m. pl. tigh
pančuchové nohavice tigh
pančuchy, -úch f. pl. stocki
pane! sir
pane bože! Lord G
pani Mr
pani, acc. paniu, gen./dat./loc. lad
panej, ins.
paňou, pl.
panie, -í
pánsky men’s
papier, -a, pl. -e pap

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 paradajka, adj. -ový toma
Paríž, -a Par
park, -u par
parkovat’ > za- to pa
parkovisko car-park, p
parlament, -u parliam
párok, -rka frankfu
pas, -u passp
pás, -a/-u belt, w
páskovaný strip
pasta, zubná pasta paste, too
patrit’ to bel
pavúk spid
pät’ fiv
pät’desiat, -ty fifty, -
pätnást’, -sty fifteen
pät’sto, pät’stý five hund
peceň , -cň a loa
pečený roa
pečivo bread/rolls, b
pekár || -ka bak
pekáreň , -rne f. bake
pekne adv. nice
je pekne it’s nice (w
pekný nice, prett
peň aženka purse (for
peniaze – peň azí m. pl. mon
pera, gen. pl. perí/pier lip
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 pes – psa do
pesnička dim. (little/nic
peši, pešo on fo
pevnost’ fort, for
pevný firm, h
pevný disk hard d
piatok, -tka/-tku Frid
piaty fift
pieseň , -sne f. son
Piešt’any, -án m. pl. Piešt’
písanie writi
písat’/píšem > na- to write
pit’/pijem > vy- to dr
pitie, na pitie drink(ing), for a
pivečko dim. (nice)
pivo bee
platit’ > za- to p
plávanie swimm
plávat’/plávam to sw
plavec, -vca || plavkyň a swim
plavky, -viek f. pl. swimsuit
plece, pl. plecia – pliec shoul
pleso mounta
plienka nappy, d
plno ful
plný ful
plus plu

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 po (slovensky) in (Slo
počasie the we
počítač, -a comp
počkat’ pf. of čakat’ to w
počut’ one h
počut’/počujem to he
počúvat’ to liste
pod + ins. under, b
pod’(te)! com
pod’(te) d’alej! come
pod’Akovat’ pf. of d’Akovat’ to tha
podat’ < podávat’ to serve, pa
podávat’ sa to be se
podchod, -u under
podíst’/podídem, podišiel pf. to go u
podkolienky, -nok f. pl. knee-leng
podl’a + gen. accordi
podlaha floo
podložka pod myš mouse
podnik, -u an ente
podnikatel’ || -ka businessman, e
podoba form
podpísat’ < podpisovat’ to si
podstata v podstate basis ba
poézia poet
pohár, -a, pl. -e glas
pohárik, -a dim. (small)

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 pokecat’ pf. of kecat’ to have
pokladnica till, cash desk
pokrájat’ pf. of krájat’ to sl
pokročilý advan
pol hal
pole – pol’a, pl. polia fiel
Poliak || Pol’ka a Po
policajná stanica police s
polievka sou
politický politi
politik || politička politic
politika polit
polícia poli
polícia na polícii police at the p
polnoc, -i f. midn
polovica hal
Pol’sko Pola
pol’ský, -y Poli
pol’ština Polish la
poludnie midd
polyesterový polyeste
pomáhat’ see pomôct’ to he
pomalší slow
pomaly slow
pomalý slo
pomaranč, -a an ora
pomarančový orange adj. (o

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 pomoc, -i f. hel
pomôct’/pomôžem, to he
pomohol < pomáhat’
ponáhl’at’ sa to hu
pondelok, -lka v pondelok Monday on
ponosovat’ sa na + acc. complain
ponožky, -žiek f. pl. sock
poobede in the afternoo
Poprad, -u Popr
poprosit’ (o + acc.) pf. of ask (f
prosit’
populárny popu
poradit’ pf. of radit’ to ad
poriadok, -dku cestovný order tim
poriadok
porozprávat’ sa pf. of to have
rozprávat’ sa
posad’(te) sa pf. take a
poschodie floor, s
poskytnút’ < poskytovat’ to of
poslat’/pošlem < posielat’ to se
posledný las
postavený bui
postavit’ vodu pf. to put on wat
postel’, -le f. bed
pošta na pošte post-office at th
potom the
potraviny, -ín f. pl. food, groceri
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 povedat’/poviem pf. to say
povedzme let’s
povedz(te)! tell! s
poviem see povedat’ I’ll say
povinné čítanie compulsory/
pozajtra the day after
pozdrav, -u greet
pozdravit’ < pozdravovat’ to gr
pozerat’ to watch,
poznat’ to know (e.g. p
poznat’ < poznávat’ to get to
pozor, -u dávat’ si pozor care, attention
pozor! watch out!
pozriet’/pozriem (si) pf. + acc. to loo
pozriet’ (sa) na + acc. to take a look
pozri(te)! (si) look
pozvat’/pozvem < pozývat’ to inv
požiadat’ pf. of žiadat’ to req
požičat’/požičiam < to le
požičiavat’
požičat’ si/požičiam si pf. to bor
pôjdem see íst’ I will
pôsobit’ > za- na + acc. to influ
pôvod, -u orig
pôvodne origin
práca, -e wor
pracovat’/pracujem to wo
pracovník || pracovníčka worker, em
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 Praha Prag
praktický pract
prášok, -šku powd
prášok na pranie washing
pravda mat’ pravdu pravda? truth to be right
righ
pravdaže of cou
práve just, jus
pravidelný regu
pravidlo rul
právnik || lawy
právnička
právo law, justic
pravý tru
prázdniny, -ín f. pl. holid
prázdny emp
pre + acc. for (ben
preč awa
prečítat’ pf. of čítat’ to re
prečo why
pred + ins. in front of, b
predaj, -a sal
predajň a, -ne sho
predat’ < predávat’ to s
predavač|| -ka sales ass
predávat’ see predat’ to s
predjedlo start
prednášat’ to lec
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 predpoved’, -de f. forec
predpoved’ počasia weather f
predsa len anyway, a
predsieň , -ne f. hallway, fr
predstavit’ < predstavovat’ to intro
predvčerom the day befor
prehliadač, -a brow
prehrat’ < prehrávat’ to lo
prechádzat’ see to go ac
prejst’ throu
prechádzat’ sa to w
prechádzka a wa
prejst’/prejdem, to cros
prešiel < prechádzat’ across/th
prekážat’ to obstruct, in
preklad, -u a transl
prekladanie transla
prekladat’ see preložit’ to tran
prekladatel’ || -ka transl
prekvapit’ < prekvapovat’ to surp
prekvapujúci surpri
preložit’ < prekladat’ to tran
preň ho for h
prepáč(te)! sorry! exc
preplnený over-full,
presne exac
prest’ahovat’ sa pf. to move

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 prestavaný rebu
prestúpit’ < prestupovat’ to change (train
Prešov, -a Preš
Prešporok, -rka Pressb
preto therefore, so
pretože beca
prezentácia present
prezident || -ka presid
prchký short-tem
pri + loc. beside,
priamo straight,
priat’ si/prajem si to w
priatel’ || -ka (close)
priatel’sky in a frien
priatel’u! pal
pribehnút’ < pribiehat’ to run
príbuzný, -á a rela
prídem see príst’ I’ll come
prihlásit’ sa pf. to log i
prichádzat’ see príst’ to come,
príchod, -u arriv
príklad, -u exam
príliš too
priložený súbor attache
Primaciálny Primate
priniest’/prinesiem < to br
prinášat’
pripojenie connec
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 pripravit’ < pripravovat’ to pre
prirodzene natur
prísny strict, s
príst’/prídem, prišiel < to come,
prichádzat’
pristat’/pristane pf. to sui
prišiel see príst’ came, a
privel’a too m
priviest’ < privádzat’ to bring (l
priviezt’ < privážat’ to bring (by
problém, -u probl
profesor || -ka professor, (secon
prosba requ
prosím (t’a, vás) plea
prosím? can I help?
prosím si please ma
prosit’ > po- o + acc. to ask
proste simp
proti + dat. again
prsia – px s n. pl. chest, b
prsník, -a breast (w
prst, -a finger
pršat’/prší to ra
prvý firs
psa see pes do
psíček, -čka dim. little tin
psík dim. little
pstruh, -a trou
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 pulóver, -vra, pl. -vre pullo
pult, -u counte
pýtat’ sa > o-/z- + gen. to a
pýtat’ sa na + acc. to ask a
pyžama f. sg. pyjam

R
rád, rada gla
mat’ rád rád + verb to like, love
rado sa stalo happy to
rada advi
rádio rad
radit’ > po- to adv
radnica town
radost’ joy
radšej mat’ radšej better, prefera
rak crayf
raketa racqu
Rakúsko Aust
rakúsky Austr
Rakúšan || -ka an Aus
rameno (see also plece) upper arm, col
raň ajkovat’ > na- sa to have br
raň ajky, -jok f. pl. break
ráno morn
raz, -u, gen. pl. ráz (one) time,
niekol’ko ráz several
raz adv. onc
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 referát, -u report,
rekreačný recreat
republika repub
reštaurácia restau
rezeň , -zň a schni
rezervovaný reser
rezervovat’ impf./pf. to rese
riad, -u the di
rieka rive
rímsky Rom
robievat’ freq. to do, mak
robit’ > u- to do, mak
robota wor
robotník || robotníčka manual/indus
rock, -u rock (m
rocková hudba rock m
ročné obdobie seas
ročník, -a year (of s
rodič ma. pare
rodičia, -ov starí rodičia parents gran
rodina fam
roh, -u za rohom corner round
rok, -a/-u yea
rola rol
román, -u nov
rovnaký the sa
rovnat’ sa to eq

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 rozhodnút’ < to dec
rozhodovat’ (sa)
rozhodnutie decis
rozíst’ sa pf. to pa
rozišli sa pf. they pa
rozmenit’ < to give cha
rozmieň at’
rozprávat’ (sa) > po- to talk,
rozumiet’/-iem … -ejú to under
rozviest’/rozviedol sa pf. to get di
rožok, -žka or crescent-
rožtek, -a pointed
rôzny vario
ručička dim. little hand, c
ruka han
rukáv, -a slee
rukavica glov
Rus || Ruska a Rus
Rusko Russ
ruský, -y Russ
ruština Russ
rúž, -u lipst
ruža ros
ružový pin
ryba, adj. rybací fish
rybacie filé fish fi
rýchlo, rýchly quickly,

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 ryža ric

S
s, so + ins. w
sa – seba on
sadni(te)! si pf. sit
sadnút’/sadnem, sadol si pf. to sit down
sako ja
saláma sa
sám, sama alon
samoobsluha self
samozrejme of
sandál, -a, pl. -e sa
seba, sebe, sebou see sa on
sedávat’ freq. t
sedem s
sedemdesiat, -ty seven
sedemnást’, -sty seven
sediet’/sedím t
sekretár || -ka sec
sekunda as
sem here (mo
semester, -tra, pl. -e sem
seminár, -a, pl. -e semina
september, -bra Sep
servus ‘servant’,
sestra s
sever, -u the
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 sezóna season,
schody, -ov m. pl. stair
dolu schodmi down
schôdzka m
schudnút’/schudnem, schudol pf. to g
si see byt’ you
si see sa to/for
síce … ale albeit …
sídlisko housi
sídlo seat, he
siedmy se
sieň , -ne f.
siet’ – siete f. net,
silný st
situácia sit
sivý
skala r
skalnatý r
skener, -a sc
sklamaný disap
skopírovat’ pf. of kopírovat’ to copy (
skoro, skorý e
skôr rather, mor
skriň a, -ne closet,
skupina g
skúška e
skutočne actua

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 sladit’ > o- to s
sladký, sladší sweet
slaný salted
slávny fa
slečna M
slipy, -ov m. pl. b
slivovica plum
slnečno s
slnko th
sloboda fre
Slovák, pl. -ci || Slovenka (a)
slovanský Slav(ic
slovenčina Slovak
Slovenka Slova
Slovensko na Slovensku Slovakia
slovenský, -y Slovak
slovíčko dim. (littl
slovník, -a dic
slovo w
sl’úbit’ < sl’ubovat’ to p
služba serv
smäd, -u t
smädný th
sme see byt’ w
smerom na + acc. in the d
smiešny f
smiet’/smiem to be al

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 smutný
snažit’ sa t
sneh, -u s
snežit’ to
so = s w
sobota Sa
socha s
sol’ – soli f.
som see byt’ I
spadnút’ pf. to fa
spálň a, -ne be
spat’/spím to
spávat’ freq. to
spevák || spevačka s
spi(te)! see spat’ s
spiatočný lístok return (tw
spievat’ > za- to
spisovatel’ || -ka w
spisovný standa
spodky, -ov m. pl. (old-f
und
spodná bielizeň und
Spojené štáty m. pl. Unite
spokojný con
spoločný comm
spolu together
spolužiak || -žiačka fellow
spomenút’/-niem < spomínat’ si to re
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 správa messa
admin
správny corre
sprcha sh
sprievodca mi. gui
sprievodca, -u || sprievodkyň a g
spýtat’ sa pf. of pýtat’ sa t
srdce, gen. pl. sx dc h
srdečný co
stačit’ to be
stále still, con
stály consta
stanica policajná stanica station p
železničná stanica railwa
stánok, -nku k
stará mama gr
stará matka gran
staromódny old-f
starý/-ší o
starý otec gran
stát’/stojím to stan
stat’ sa/stane sa < stávat’ sa to happ
ste see byt’ you ( pl./f
stena
stiahnut’ pf. to do
stiahnutie, st’ahovanie down
sto, stý hund
stolička c
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 stôl – stola t
strácat’ see stratit’ to
strana side; (po
stránka p
strašne te
strašný terrib
stratit’ < strácat’ to
strážit’ to
stred, -u the mid
streda Wed
stredisko c
stredná škola second
stredný centra
strecha
stretat’ sa see stretnút’ sa to
stretávat’ sa freq. to
stretnút’/stretol sa < stretat’ sa to
stretnutie meeti
strih, -u
stroj, -a ma
strojček, -a app
holiaci strojček sh
strom, -u
stromček, -a dim. (litt
strop, -u ce
strýko, strýc u
stučniet’/stučniem … stučnejú pf. to g

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 stýkat’ sa to be
sú see byt’ th
súbor, -u file (co
súčasný conte
súhlasit’ to
sucho
sukň a, -ne s
supermarket, -u supe
surfovat’ (po internete) to surf (t
súrny, súrne urgent
sused || suseda nei
sušienka b
sútok, -u con
svätý sain
svedčí vám it su
svet, -a w
sveter, -tra, loc. -tri, pl. -tre sw
svetlo l
svetlý/-ejší light/e
svieti sa light
svietit’ to
svieži f
svoj, svoja, svoje one
symbol, -u sy
syn, pl. synovia
syr, -a ch

Š
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 šalát, -u salad
šálka cup
šampón, -u shamp
šaty – šiat f. pl. clothes, wom
šedivý grey
šest’ six
šest’desiat, -ty sixty, -i
šestnást’, -sty sixteen
šest’ročný six-year
šiel see íst’ wen
šiesty sixth
široký/širší wide/
šíry wide op
škaredo, je it’s nasty (w
škaredý ugly
škoda a pit
škola schoo
školský rok school y
Škótsko Scotla
šla, šli see íst’ wen
šoférovat’ to dri
Španiel || -ka a Spani
španielčina Spanish la
Španielsko Spain
španielsky Spani
špinavý dirty
šport, -u spor

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 športovec, -vca sportsm
športovkyň a sportswo
štandard, -u standa
št’astie mat’ št’astie luck, happiness
št’astný happ
šteň a, -at’a, pl. -atá n. pupp
štít, -u/-a peak, shield
štrnást’, -sty fourteen
štrngnút’ pf. to clink g
študent || -ka stude
študovat’/študujem to stu
štvorstý four-hund
štvrt’ quart
štvrt’hodina quarter of a
štvrtok, -tka Thursd
štvrtý fourt
štyri – štyroch four
štyridsat’, štyridsiaty forty, -i
štyristo, štvorstý four hundr
šunka ham

T
ta, tam (to
t’a see ty
tá f. of ten
tabak, -u to
tabul’a, -le plaqu
t’ahat’ to p
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 tak vel’a so
takmer a
takto this wa
taký so, such
taký istý the sam
takýto this ki
takže so
talent, -u t
Talian || Talianka an
taliančina Italian
Taliansko
taliansky It
tam t
tamten, tamtá, tamto
tancovat’ to
tanec, -nca d
tanečník || tanečnica d
tanier, -a p
taška
tatárska omáčka tarta
táto f. of tento
tatranský Ta
Tatry, -tier f. pl. the
t’ava c
taxík, -a
t’ažkost’ dif
t’ažký heavy

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 teda then (=
tej(to) see tá(to)
tel’a, -at’a, pl. -atá n.
tel’ací ve
tel’acie (mäso)
telefón, -u pri telefóne telepho
telefónne číslo phon
telefonovat’ > za- to te
televízia tel
televízor, -a T
telo b
téma t
temer a
ten, tá, to th
tenis, -u t
tenista || -stka tenn
tenký/tenší th
tento, táto, toto
tentoraz th
Teplice, -íc f. pl. Treno ia
teplo wa
teplý/-ejší wa
teraz
teší ma pleased
tešit’ > po- to
tešit’ sa na + acc. to look
teta

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 tí, tie pl. of ten t
tielko (un
tiež also (=
tiež ne- also not,
ticho! q
tichý q
tím [tým], -u t
tisíc, tisíci thou
tlačiareň , -rne f. p
tlačit’ to pr
tlačit’ > vy- to
tma darkn
tmavý/-ší da
to n. to, že that, this,
toaletný papier toile
toho/tohto see ten(to), to(to) (of)
tol’ko! so mu
tomu(to), tom(to) see ten(to) th
topánky, -nok f. pl. s
Topol’čany, -ian m. pl. Top
totiž that’s to
tou see tá
tovar, -u g
traja ma. t
tráva g
treba it’s n
Trenčín, -a Tr

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 tretí t
trh, -u m
na trhu at th
tri t
tričko T
tridsat’, tridsiaty thir
trieda c
trikrát thre
trinást’, -sty thir
tristo, trojstý three h
trištvrte na a qu
troch see tri, traja t
trocha, trochu a
trojstý three-
trom, troma/tromi see tri, traja t
trošíčku dim. a littl
trošku/troška dim. a li
trpiet’/trpím to
trvat’ t
tu
tú(to) see tá(to) th
tučný
tuhý
tulipán, -a/-u
tuná ov
tunel, -a, loc. -i, pl. -y tu
túra

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 tušit’ to gu
tvár, -e/-i f.
tvoj, tvoja, tvoje
ty – t’a/teba yo
tých(to) see ten(to) thos
tykat’ si to
tým(to) see ten(to) that, this
tými(to) see ten(to) thes
typický ty
týždeň , -dň a w

U
u + gen. a
ubytovanie accom
učebnica te
učesat’ pf. of česat’ to
učit’ > na- to
učit’ sa to
učit’ sa > na- to
učitel’ || -ka te
údeniny, -ín f. pl. smok
údolie v
uhorka, adj. uhorkový cu
Uhorsko (old)
uhorský (old) Hu
ucho, pl. uši – uší
ujde to (I’m) oka
ujo, ujko mate
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 ukázat’/ukážem < ukazovat’ to
Ukrajina U
ukrajinčina Ukraini
Ukrajinec, -nca || Ukrajinka aU
ukrajinský, ukrajinsky Uk
ulica s
ulička dim. little s
úloha ta
uložit’ pf. to s
umelec, -lca || umelkyň a
umenie
umriet’/umriem < umierat’ t
umyt’/umyjem < umývat’ (sa) to
umývadlo wa
umývat’ see umyt’ to
unavený tired
únia, Európska un
únia Europ
univerzita un
na univerzite at u
univerzitný unive
úplne entirely
upratat’/upracem < upratovat’ t
upratovanie tid
upratovat’ see upratat’ t
upravit’ < upravovat’ to pu
určite de

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 úspech, -u su
ústa – úst n. pl. m
ústav, -u in
ústredné kúrenie centr
uši, -í pl. of ucho
utorok, -rka Tu
uvarit’ pf. of varit’ to
uvidiet’ pf. to see, c
úzky n
už now
užívatel’ské meno us
užší na

V
v, vo + acc. on (a d
v, vo + loc. in
Váh, -u river
vajce, pl. vajcia eg
vajíčko dim. eg
vám see vy to/fo
vami see vy (by)
varený boi
varit’ > u- to c
vás see vy (of)
váš, vaša, vaše yo
vážený respecte
vážne serio
vážny seri
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 väčšmi mo
včera yeste
včerajší yesterda
vd’aka tha
vec, -i f. thi
večer, -a even
večera, -e dinner,
večerat’/večeriam > na- sa to have
ved’ afte
veda scie
vedec, -dca || vedkyň a scientist
vedecký scientific,
vedia see vediet’ they
vediem see viest’ I le
vediet’/ to know,
viem … vedia ho
vedl’a + gen. nex
vedúci || vedúca manag
vegetarián || -ka a vege
vel’a a lot
Vel’ká Británia Great B
Vel’ká Fatra the Hig
vel’ký, väčší big, b
vel’mi ve
vel’vyslanectvo emb
veselý happy,
veterno win

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 vezmem see vziat’ I’ll t
vezmi(te) si! see vziat’ tak
veža, gen. pl. veží tow
vchádzat’ see vojst’ to e
vchod, -u entr
viac, viacej mo
viac-menej more
viackrát severa
Vianoce, -noc f. pl. Chris
vianočný Christm
vídavat’ freq. to
vidiek, -a the co
vidiet’/vidím to
(je) vidiet’ is visible, o
vidlička fo
vidno one
Viedeň , -dne f. Vie
viedol see viest’ le
viem see vediet’ I kn
viest’/vediem, viedol + vodit’ to l
viest’ auto to driv
vieš see vediet’ you k
vietor – vetra wi
viezol see viezt’ drove
viezt’/veziem, viezol + vozit’ to conv
víkend, -u week
vila vil

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 víno wi
vírus, -u vir
visiet’/visí to h
vítam! welc
vítat’ > pri-/u- to wel
vizitka busine
vlak, -u tra
vlani last
vlastne actually
vlastný ow
vlasy, -ov m. pl. ha
vl’avo on th
vlek, -u ski-
vlk wo
vlna wool;
vlnený woo
vložit’ pf. to inser
vnučka grandd
vnuk gran
vo = v in
voda wa
vodit’ see viest’ to l
vojna w
vojst’/vojdem, vošiel < to ente
vchádzat’
vokáň , -a circum
volat’ > za- to call,
volat’ sa to be
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 vol’ný free, v
von out (mot
vonku outs
vopred in adv
vozík, -a trolley, sho
whee
vozit’ see viezt’ to co
vôbec at
vôbec ne- not a
vpravo on the
vracat’ (sa) see vrátit’ (sa) to re
vraj apparently
vrátane + gen. inclu
vrátit’ < vracat’/vraciam to return,
vrátit’ sa < vracat’ sa to return, go
vrátnik || vrátnička por
vraviet’ to s
vx ba wil
vrecko poc
vreckový pocke
vstat’/vstanem < vstávat’ to ge
vstávat’ see vstat’ to ge
vstup, -u en
však how
však? isn’t it
všetci, všetky, sg. všetok a
všetko every
vtáčik, -a/-čka little
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 vy – vás you pl./fo
výber, -u selec
vyberat’ see vybrat’ to ch
vyberte si! see vybrat’ cho
výborný exce
vybrat’/vyberiem < vyberat’ to ch
vydat’ < vydávat’ to pu
výhl’ad na + acc. a vie
vyhl’adávač, -a search
vyhl’adávat’ to se
vyhrat’ < vyhrávat’ to w
východ, -u the eas
na východe in the
východný east
vyjst’/vyjdem, vyšiel < to go
vychádzat’
vykat’ si to sa
výklad, -u shop windo
expos
výlet, -u excursi
vynikajúci marve
výnimka excep
vypadnút’ pf. to fal
vypit’/vypijem pf. of pit’ to d
vypit’ si pf. to have
vypnút’/vypnem, to switch
vypol pf. do
vyprážaný fri
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 vyskúšat’ si pf. to try o
výslovnost’ pronun
vysoká škola universit
Vysoké Tatry – Tatier f. pl. the High
vysoko high
vysoký/vyšší high
vystúpit’ < to perform
vystupovat’ ou
vyše more
vyšší see vysoký hig
výt’ah, -u lift, el
vytlačit’ pf. to p
vytvorit’ < vytvárat’ to cr
vývar, -u consomm
vyvážat’ to ex
vyviezt’ < vyvážat’ to convey/take
vývoz, -u exp
vyzerat’ to look (ap
vyzliect’/vyzliekol < vyzliekat’ to take off
vyzliekat’ see vyzliect’ to take off
vzdelávanie educating
vzduch, -u a
vziat’/vezmem, vzal pf. of brat’ to t
vždy, vždycky alw

W
WC/vétsé see also záchod
web, -u the w
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 Z
z, zo + gen. out of,
za + acc. for (e.g. p
za + ins. behind,
zabalit’ pf. of balit’ to w
zabudnút’ < zabúdat’ to fo
zabudnutý forgo
začat’/začnem < začínat’ to be
začiatočník || -níčka begin
začiatok, -tku begin
začínat’ see začat’ to be
zadný back
zadok, -dku back
záhrada gard
zahraničie abroad, for
zahrnutý inclu
záchod, -a/-u toilet, lava
zájst’/zájdem, to go (cal
zašiel pf. (of sun
zajtra tomo
zajtrajší tomorro
zákaz, -u prohibiti
zakázaný forbid
zakázat’/zakážem < to fo
zakazovat’
zakaždým each/eve
zákon, -a a la
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 založit’ < zakladat’ to fo
zal’úbený in love, en
zamestnanie employ
zámok, -mku château
zamračené overcast, ve
západ, -u na západe west, setting (
we
západný west
zápalka match (f
zapal’ovač ligh
zaparkovat’ pf. of parkovat’ to p
zápas, -u match, conte
zapísat’/zapíšem < zapisovat’ to note
zaplatit’ pf. of platit’ to p
zapnút’/zapnem, zapol pf. to swit
zapôsobit’ pf. of pôsobit’ to influ
zasa, zase aga
zaspat’/zaspím pf. to fall a
zastavit’ < zastavovat’ (sa) to st
zastávka bus/tra
zatial’ so far, me
zatial’ o wh
zatvárat’ see zatvorit’ to cl
zatvorený clos
zatvorit’ < zatvárat’ to close
záujem, -jmu o + acc. intere
zaujímat’ to int
zaujímavý intere
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 zavolat’ pf. of volat’ to call,
zavše from time
zazvonit’ pf. of zvonit’ to ri
zbierka collec
zdat’ sa to se
zdravie na zdravie! health c
zelenina vegeta
zeleninový vegetab
zelený gre
zemiak, -a a pot
zemiAkový potato
zima winter
zimný winter
zíst’/zídem, zišiel < schádzat’ to go d
zíst’ sa pf. to come i
zíst’ sa < schádzat’ sa to m
zistit’ < zist’ovat’ to find out,
zjest’/zjem, zjedol pf. of jest’ to ea
zlato, zlatý gold, g
zl’ava reduc
zle bad
zlomit’ pf. to br
zložitý compli
zložka fold
zlý ba
zmazat’/zmažem, zmažeš pf. to de
zmenit’ to change, p

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 znamenat’ to m
známka stam
zo approxi
zo = z + gen. out of,
zobrat’/zoberiem pf. of brat’ to ta
zobrat’ sa pf. to get m
zobudit’ < zobúdzat’ sa to wak
zobut’/zobujem < zobúvat’ si to take of
zobúvat’ see zobut’ to tak
zomliet’/zomeliem, zomlel pf. to gr
zopár a cou
zostat’/zostanem < zostávat’ to s
zošit, -a/-u exercis
zoznámit’ sa pf. to get to
zrazu suddenly, a
zrkadlo, adj. -ový mir
zrúcaniny, -ín f. pl. rui
zub, -a too
zubná pasta toothp
zvonit’ > za- to ri
zvyčajne usua

Ž
že that (conj
že? isn’t it so? (e.g
želat’ (si) to w
železničná stanica railway
žeml’a, -le, gen. pl. žemiel’ rounded b
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 žiadat’ > po- to req
žiadny no adj., n
žiak || žiačka pup
žial’ unfortu
žial’bohu unfortu
žiletka razor-b
žit’/žijem to li
život, -a lif
žitý yello
žurnalista || -istka journ

English–Slovak glossary

This very minimal list is provided as assistance for th

Slovak exercises only.

A
about (approx.) asi
about (over,through) po + loc.
about (theme) o + loc.
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 advanced pokročilý
afraid, be bát’ sa, mat’ strac
agency, travel cestovná kancelá
ages, for ages dlho
ah aha
all (everything) všetko
all ( plural) všetci, všetky
all (whole) celý
all day celý deň
also tiež, aj
although hoci
altogether spolu
always vždy, vždycky
am som, see byt’
American Američan || -ka
American (adj.) americký
and a
angry, be hnevat’ sa
another (one more) ešte, ešte jeden
another (other) iný
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 anywhere (to somewhere) niekam, (nowhere
apple jablko
are, they are sú
are, we are sme
are, you are si, ste
around okolo+ gen.
arrive príst’ < prichádza
article článok
at (a person’s house) u + gen.
at (o’clock) o+ loc.
August august

B
back (adj.) zadný
bad zlý
bag taška
banana banán
bathroom kúpel’ ňa
be byt’/som, si, je etc.
be! bud’(te)!

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 bed postel’
bedroom spálňa
beer pivo
begin začat’ < začínat’
beginner začiatočník || -íčka
behind za + ins.
better lepší
better-quality kvalitnejší
between medzi + ins.
big vel’ký
bigger väčší
bit, a trochu/trocha
black čierny
blouse blúzka
blue modrý, belasý
book kniha
bottle fl’aška, fl’aša
boy chlapec
bread chlieb
breakfast raňajky
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 brother brat
brown hnedý
building budova
bus autobus
but ale
butter maslo
button gombík
buy kúpit’ < kupovat’
by use ins. case
by now už

C
café kaviaren
call volat’ > zavolat’
call (a person) ty tykat’
call (a person) vy vykat’
can (know how) vediet’
can (possible) môct’
canteen jedálep, bufet
car auto

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 castle hrad, zámok
cat mačka
central stredný
chair stolička
change menit’ > zmenit’ (sa)
cheap lacný
cheaper lacnejší
cheese syr
chicken kurča
child diet’a
children deti
choose vybrat’ < vyberat’
church kostol
cinema kino
clean čistý
close zatvorit’ < zatvárat’
cloudy oblačno, zamračené
coat kabát
coffee káva
cola kola
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 come príst’ < prichádzat’
come in íst’ d’alej
come in! pod’(te) d’alej!
concert koncert
cook varit’ > uvarit’
corner roh, (nook) kút
correct správny
couch gauč
could mohol by
couple of zopár, pár
cross prejst’ < prechádzat’
crown koruna
cup šálka
cut strih
Czech český

D
day deň
day after tomorrow pozajtra
dear drahý

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 department store obchodný dom
dining room jedáleň
dinner (lunch) obed
dinner (supper) večera
dirty špinavý
disco diskotéka
disturb vyrušovat’
disturb (bother) obt’ažovat’
do robit’ > urobit’
double room dvojlôžková izba
drink pit’ > vypit’, (noun) p
drink up vypit’

E
each other sa, sám seba
eat jest’ > zjest’, jedávat’
egg vajíčko
eight osem
eleven jedenást’
England Anglicko

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 Englishman Angličan
Englishwoman Angličanka
especially najmä
euro euro, -a, pl. eurá– eur
Europe Európa
even aj
even, not ani… ne -
evening večer
exactly presne
excuse me prepáč(te)
exercise book zošit
expensive drahý

F
fairly dost’
far d’aleko
father otec
feel, I feel je mi
few málo
field pole

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 fine dobre
first prvý
first, at v prvej chvíli
fish ryba
five pät’
flat byt
fly letiet’, lietat’
for (benefit of ) pre + acc.
for ( payment) za + acc.
for ( purpose) na + acc.
for (time ahead ) na + acc.
four štyri, štyria
fourteen štrnást’
frankfurter párok
free vol’ný
freeze mrznút’
it’s freezing mrzne
French (adj.) francúzsky
Frenchman/woman Francúz || -ka
friend kamarát || -ka, priatel’
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 from (person) od + gen.
front, in front of pred + ins.

G
garden záhrada
German (adj.) nemecký
German, a Nemec, Nemka
get dostat’ < dostávat’
get up vstat’ < vstávat’
girl dievča
give dat’ < dávat’
glass pohár, pohárik
go íst’ + chodit’
go! chod’(te)!
go into vojst’ < vchádzat’
go round obíst’ < obchádzat’
go up to podíst’ k
good dobrý, (well) dobre
goodbye do videnia
group skupina

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 H
half pol
ham šunka
have mat’/mám
have! daj(te) si!
have got (= have) mat’
heller halier
hello dobrý deň, ahoj
help pomôct’ < pomáhat
her ju, jej
her ( possessive) jej
here tu
his jeho
home domov
home, at doma
hot teplo, horúco
hot (adj.) teplý, horúci
hotel hotel
hour hodina
house dom

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 how many/much? kol’ko?
hundred sto
Hungarian Mad’ar || -ka
Hungarian (adj.) mad’arský

I
I ja
ice-cream zmrzlina
if keby, ak
if (whether ) či
important dôležitý
in v, vo+ loc.
in front of pred + ins.
included zahrnutý
interest (noun) záujem
interest (verb) zaujímat’
interested in, be záujímat’ sa o+ acc.
into do+ gen.
invite pozvat’ < pozývat’
is je, see byt’

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 J
jam džem
January január
job miesto, zamestnanie
just práve, hned’

K
key kl’úo
kilogram kilo
kitchen kuchyňa
know (fact) vediet’
know (person) poznat’

L
leave (behind) nechat’ < nechávat’
leave (go) odíst’ < odchádzat’
left (adj.) l’avý
left, on the left vl’avo
left, to the left dol’ava
letter list

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 lie down l’ahnút’
like mat’ rád/rada, or use pá
like (as) ako
listen počúvat’ (si)
litre liter
little malý
live (be alive) žit’
live (reside) bývat’
long (adj.) dlhý
long, for a long time dlho
look (appearance) vyzerat’
look! pozri(te) sa
lose stratit’ < strácat’
lot of vel’a
lovely krásny, pekný
lunch obed
lunch, have obedovat’

M
magazine časopis

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 man muž, chlap
many vel’a, mnoho
March marec
material látka
May máj
me (acc.) ma
me (to/for) mi, mne
me (with) (so) mnou
meet stretnút’ sa < stretat’
meeting schôdzka
midnight polnoc
milk mlieko
mist hmla
misty hmlisto
modern moderný
moment chvíl’a
Monday pondelok
mostly väčšinou
mother matka
much (a lot of ) vel’a, mnoho
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 mustard horčica
my môj

N
name meno
name, my name is volám sa
need potrebovat’
nervous nervózny
never nikdy
new nový
newspaper noviny
next to vedl’a + gen.
nice (adj.) pekný
nice, it’s je pekne
night noc
nine devät’
no nie
nobody nikto
not ne-, nie
note down zapísat’ < zapisovat’ (s

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 now teraz, už
nowhere nikde
nowhere (to) nikam
nuisance, be a prekážat’
number číslo

O
o’clock hodina/hodiny/hodín
October október
often často
old starý
older starší
omelette omeleta
on na + loc.
one jeden, jedna, jedno
oneself (object) sa
oneself (to/for) si
onto na + acc.
open otvorit’ < otvárat’
opposite naproti + dat.

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 origin pôvod
other iný
ought mal by
our náš
out (motion) von
out ( place) vonku
out of z, zo+ gen.
outside vonku
own svoj, vlastný

P
paper (newspaper) noviny
park park
part čast’ – časti f.
part, to rozíst’ < rozchádzat’ sa
past, half past pol + gen.
past, quarter past štvrt’ na + acc.
peach broskyňa
people l’udia
person človek, osoba

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 please prosím
please may I have prosím si
pleased to meet you teší ma
pocket vrecko
police polícia
police station policajná stanica
political politický
politics politika
pork bravčové mäso
pork (adj.) bravčový
post-office pošta
postcard pohl’adnica
potato (adj.) zemiakový
potatoes zemiaky
Prague Praha
prettiest najkrajší
pretty pekný
price cena
promise sl’úbit’ < sl’ubovat’
pupil žiak || žiačka, študent
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 put on weight stučniet’ pf.

Q
quarter štvrt’
quarter to trištvrte na + acc.
quickly rýchlo, rýchle

R
radio rádio
rain (noun) dážd’
rain (verb) pršat’
read, to čítat’ > prečítat’
recognise spoznat’ < spoznáva
red červený
remember pamätat’ si + acc.
remember (about) pamätat’ sa na + acc
republic republika
restaurant reštaurácia
return (give back) vrátit’ < vracat’
return (go back) vrátit’ sa < vracat’ sa
return ticket spiatočný lístok
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 right (adj.) pravý
right, on the right vpravo
right, to the right doprava
river rieka
roll rožok, žeml’a
room izba, miestnost’
round okolo+ gen.
round the corner za rohom
run bežat’, behat’

S
schnitzel rezeň
school škola
search hl’adat’
seat reservation miestenka
see vidiet’
-self (object) sa
-self (to/for) si
sell predat’ < predávat’
September september

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 she ona
shine svietit’
shirt košel’a
short krátky
shorter kratší
should have mal
shower sprcha
single room jednolôžková izba
single ticket jednosmerný lístok
sister sestra
sit sediet’
sit down sadnút’ si
situation situácia
six šest’
sixteen šestnást’
size (number) číslo
sleep spat’/spím
sleeve rukáv
Slovak Slovák || Slovenka
Slovak (adj.) slovenský
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 Slovakia Slovensko
small malý
smaller menší
smoke fajčit’
snow (noun) sneh
snow (verb) snežit’
so tak
so that aby
some nejaký
someone niekto
someone (object) niekoho
sometimes niekedy
somewhere niekde
sorry! prepáč(te)!
sorry, be (sorrow) l’utovat’
soup polievka
speak to hovorit s + ins.
square námestie
stamp známka
station stanica
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 strawberry jahoda
street ulica
student študent || -ka
study učit’ sa, študovat’
stupid hlúpy
more stupid hlúpejší
sugar cukor
suitcase kufor
sun slnko
supper večera
supper, have večerat’
sweater sveter
swim plávat’

T
table stôl
take brat’ > vziat’, zobrat
take off (clothes) vyzliect’ < vyzliekat’
take off (shoes) zobut’ < zobúvat’ (si
talk hovorit’, rozprávat’

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 teacher učitel’ || -ka
television televízia
ten desat’
than Ako, než
thank d’Akovat’ > pod’Ako
thank you d’akujem (vám)
thank you very much d’akujem pekne
that ten, tá, to
theatre divadlo
their ich
them (object) ich
them (to/for) im
then (at that time) vtedy
then (next) potom
these títo, tieto
they oni, ony
thousand tisíc
three tri, traja
ticket lístok
tidy up upratovat’
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 to (in order to) aby
to (into) dč+ gen.
to (person’s house) k, ku + dat.
to (towards) k, ku + dat.
to (until) dč+ gen.
today dnes
together spolu
tomato paradajka
tomorrow zajtra
too privel’mi, príliš, pri-
town mesto
train vlak
translate preložit’ < prekladat
travel (verb) cestovat’
travel agency cestovná kancelária
trousers nohavice
true, it is je tčpravda
it is true that … je pravda, že …
twelve dvanást’
twenty dvadsat’
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 U
ugly škaredý
um ehm
uncle strýko, strýc, ujko
understand rozumiet’
us nás
us (to/for) nám
usually zvyčajne

V
vegetable (adj.) zeleninový
vegetable(s) zelenina
very vel’mi
very much vel’mi

W
wait čakat’ > počkat’
want chciet’/chcem
warm teplo
warm (adj.) teplý
warmer teplejší

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 we my
wear (habitually) nosit’
wear (have on) mat’
week týždeň
weight, put on stučniet’ pf.
well dobre
well, I’m mám sa dobre
went (i)šiel
what čo
what time is it? kol’kčje hodín?
when? kedy?
white biely
who? kto?
whom? (object) koho?
why prečo
will be bude
wind vietor
window okno
windy veterno
wine víno
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 woman žena
wool vlna
word slovo
work (noun) robota, práca
work (verb) robit’, pracovat’
would by
would like želat’, priat’, chcel by
write písat’ > napísat’

Y
year rok
yellow žltý
yes áno, hej
yesterday včera
you ty, vy
you (object) t’a, vás
you (to/for) tebe, vám
young mladý
your tvoj, váš

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 points

References are to initial page number

or more language points).

able, be/can 75
about (topic) 61, 70
above 85
aby 245
accusative 40, 62
plural 159
across 42
adjectives, summary table 275
comparison, -er/-est 219, 220, 221
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 -ing 262
plural 159
singular 15, 47, 136
soft 221
adverbs 106, 142, 222
advise 245
after 61
age 166
all 256
allow/forbid 246
along 61
alphabetical order 5
among 85
animals, young of 259
arithmetic 28, 267
arrive/depart 206
articles, absence of 9
aspect of verbs 116

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 beer 172
before 84
behind/beyond 84
below 84
beside/near 70
better/best 222, 223
better/worse 222
between 84
body, parts of 109
by 84

can, be able 75, 119

carry/convey 107, 229
case forms, basic 55–56
child, children 40, 259
close/open 125
clothing 109
colours 135
come/go 54, 91, 152, 201
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 compound verbs 124, 125, 205, 230
computer terms 211
conditional 118, 238, 265
conditions 238
consonants 2
could 119
countries 33

date 248
dative 55, 70, 71, 93
plural 228
days of the week 123
decimals 194
depart/arrive 206
diminutives 102
diphthongs 1
directions, compass 227
dress 108

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 each other 187
eat 101
-ed adjectives 257
emails, letters 268
-er/-est 219, 220, 221, 222
everyone, everything 256
export/import 209

family 40
fear 246
feel, be feeling 93, 96
female noun equivalents 45
feminine surnames 8, 47
filler vowels 172
fly 229
for 42, 71
forbid/allow 246
fractions 193
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 from 61, 124
furniture 76
future 118, 126, 202, 229

gender 14
genitive 55, 61, 62
plural 167, 172, 228
geography, Slovak 5
give 71
go/come 54, 91, 152, 201
go in/out 205
go up/down 207
greetings 8, 21, 268

have, had 10, 91

have to 31
he/him 9, 199, 200
her/she 9, 199
her(s) 200
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 here/there 106, 107
his 200
hope 247
house and rooms 76
how are you? 17

I/me 9, 186
if 238
imperative 152
imperfective/perfective verbs 116
import/export 209
in/into 61, 70, 74
in front of 84
in order to 245
infinitives 10, 15, 24, 54, 70, 75, 107, 127, 1
277–286
-ing adjectives 262
-ing nouns 144
instructions 152, 245
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 instrumental plural 228, 229
into, to 61, 70
is, was, will be 11, 91, 126, 152
it 9, 136, 200, 201

keby 238
know 31, 42, 75

languages 32
lead 107, 229
less/more 222
let’s 152
letters, emails 268
lie/lie down 153
like, to like, would like 30, 60, 70, 83, 118
like better/best 223
locative 55, 70, 74
plural 228, 229

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 me/I 9, 186
meals 100
meet/part 206
money 26
months 248
more/less 222
more/most 222
motion towards 106
must 31
must not 246
my 25, 239

naming 16
nationalities 33
near/beside 70
necessity 31, 264
negatives 16, 55, 141, 245
never 142
nobody, nothing, no- 141, 142
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 plural 34, 157, 158
nouns, summary tables 273–275
accusative 40
accusative plural 159
basic sg. case forms 55–56
dative 55, 70, 71, 93
dative plural 228
diminutives 102
genitive 55, 61
genitive plural 167, 172, 228
instrumental 55, 84
instrumental plural 228, 229
locative 55, 70, 74
locative plural 228, 229
neuter in -eum, -io 74
nominative 40
nominative plural 34, 157, 158
plural cases 34, 157, 158, 159, 167, 172, 2
soft types 74, 85, 101, 158, 172, 228, 229
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 type dievo a 259
type námestie 85, 144, 158, 172
type pole 85, 158, 172
type ulica 101, 158
verbal nouns 144
vocative 266
numbered items 267
numbers, numerals 6, 26, 160, 168, 193, 2
268
numerals, ordinal 185, 247

object of verb 40
indirect 71
occupations 45
of 61, 166, 167, 172
on/onto 42, 74, 124
open/close 125
orders, imperatives 152
ordinal numerals 185, 247
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 out of 61

pairs of verbs, aspectual 116, 124

part/meet 206
participles, passive 257
parts of the body 109
passive constructions 258
past 89, 108, 117, 265
past conditional 265
percentages 193
perfective/imperfective verbs 116
personal names, possessives from 244
place, with cases 55
place and motion 106
please 18, 60, 83, 223
points of the compass 227
possessives 25, 200, 205, 239, 240
possessive svoj 240
possessives from nouns/names 244
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 preference 223
prefixes (with verbs) 117, 124, 205, 206, 2
209, 230
prepositions, reference lists 286–290
present tense 15, 24, 54, 107, 118
pronouns, summary tables 275, 276
demonstrative ‘this/that’ 136, 140, 275
everyone, everything 256
nobody, nothing 141, 142
personal 9, 16, 17, 186, 190, 199, 200, 2
possessive 25, 200, 205, 239, 240
reflexive 16, 17, 60, 91, 108, 187
somebody, something 48, 141
purpose 245

quantities 166, 173

questions 11

rád 30, 223

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 reflexive sa, si 16, 17, 60, 91, 108, 187, 258
repeated action, verbs of motion 201, 229
frequentative verbs 263
reported speech 238
rhythmic law 15, 16, 25, 47, 137, 159, 229,
rooms 76
run 229

sa, si 16, 17, 60, 91, 108, 187, 258

same 262
say/tell 126
seasons 86
sets of items 268
she/her 9, 199
shopping 173
sit/sit down 153
soft consonants 3
soft adjectives 221
soft nouns 74, 85, 101, 158, 172, 228, 229,
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 something 141
sporting terms 183
suffixes, verbs 117, 124
superlatives 221
surnames 8, 47, 62, 158
svoj 240

take 107
telephone 120
tell/say 126
tell to do 152, 245
thanks 18
that 136, 140
their 205
there isn’t, with niet 264
there/here 106
they/them 9, 204
this 136, 140
through 42
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 till, until 124
time, telling the time 184, 191, 192
times, x-times 192
to/for, with dative 71
to, in instructions 245
to, in order to 245
to, into 61
to, towards 70
travel and transport 86

understand 34
until, till 124
us/we 9, 190
used to 264

verb pairs, verb families 116, 124, 125

verbal adjectives, -ed 257
verbal adjectives, -ing 262
verbal nouns 144
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 aspects 116, 124
compound 124, 125, 205
conditional 118, 238, 265
families of verbs 125
frequentatives 263
future 118, 126, 202, 229
imperative 152, 153
imperfective/perfective pairs 116, 124
infinitive -nút’ 153
infinitives 10, 15, 24, 54, 70, 75, 107, 127
277–286
participle, active 262, 263
participle, passive 257
passive constructions 258
past 89, 108, 117, 265
prefixes 117, 124, 205, 206, 207, 208, 20
present 15, 24, 54, 107, 118
reflexive 16, 17, 25, 91, 108
suffixes 117, 124
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 vocative 266
voiced/voiceless consonants 4
vowel lengthening (zero genitive) 167
vowel shortening, rhythmic law 15, 16, 25
159, 229, 263
vowels 1
vowels, ‘filler’ 172

want/wish 69, 245

was/were 91
wash 108
we/us 9, 190
wear 230
weather 92
week, days of 123
weights and measures 166
went 91
what kind of? 48, 142
what? 48, 140
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 where 48, 106, 142
whether/if 239
which 48
who? 47, 48, 140
whose? 222
will be 126
will/would 238
wish, want 69, 245
with 84
without 84
word order 11, 43, 90, 186, 190, 199
worse/better 222
would 118, 238
would have done 265
would like 70, 118
write 60
writing letters/emails 268

year(s) 166, 248

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 your 25, 200, 240
young of animals 259

zero genitive pl. 167

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