Exploring Social

9861709435
Science

CHAPTER-1
HISTORY

PART-1(ONE)
 PREVIEW
The chapter “INDIA-SIZE & LOCATION”
from the NCERT Geography textbook for
Class-9 explores the significant information
and facts of the Spatial overview of India as
well as how it is strategically important that
can also be taken as the point of discussion.
In this chapter we are going to study about
diverse aspects of SIZE and LOCATION of
India as a correspondence topic.
 KEY FEATURES
Dear students while studying this chapter
you can learn about the following sub- parts
with brief details:-
1. LOCATION.
2. SIZE.
3. INDIA AND THE WORLD.
4. INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
 LOCATION
Whenever we are discussing about the
Spatial distribution of the World, India
carries very significant features. Both the
locational and size characteristics of
India quite important under Geographic
study. Now, we are going to discuss
salient features of LOCATION OF
INDIA:-
As far as the location of INDIA concerned, it is
located in AISA Continent. Other key features
are as under:-
❖ It is situated at the South-Eastern part of
Asia.(see Map 1.1)
❖ The Latitude and Longitude extension of India
are as under:-
LATITUDE EXTENSION:
804’ to 3706’ North
LONGITUDE EXTENSION:
6807’ to 97025’ East
❖ The TROPIC OF CANCER (23030’N) divides
the country in to two equal parts. There is a
significant thing is that the Tropic of Cancer
lies across eight states of India(Gujarat,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattishgarh,
Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram). To
memories the name of states use the under-
mention formula.
❖ To the Southeast and Southwest of the
mainland, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and
Lakshadweep Islands in lie to the Bay of
Bengal and the Arabian sea respectively.
 USEFUL TRICKS
❖ “Mein Rajesh ka Ghar ke West Mein jo
Jamun Tree hey ush pe Cadhgaya tha”.
➢ W - West Bengal
➢ M- Madhya Pradesh
➢ R- Rajasthan
➢ G- Gujarat
➢ M- Mizoram
➢ J- Jharkhand
➢ T- Tripura
➢ C-Chhattishgarh
❖ The Northen most point of India is Indira
Kol(Ladakh) whereas the Southern most point
of mainland is Kanya Kumari(Tamil Nadu).
❖ Similarly, the Western most point is Rann of
Kutchh/Bhuj(Gujarat) and the Eastern most
point of mainland is Kibutuh (Arunachal
Pradesh).
❖ The Latitude extension of India along sea and
ocean area are as under:-
(a) Extreme Southern Most of Anadaman &
Nicobar Islands is 6045’N. Here 10 degree
channel separates Greater Anadaman to Car
Nicobar.
 (b) Similarly, 9 Degree channel separates
Lakhasdweep Islands from Maldives.
❖ The Southernmost point of the Indian Union in
oversea extension is ‘Indira Point’ got
submerged under the sea water in 2004 during
the Tsunami.
❖ The longitudinal extent of India is quite big i.e
29˚, due to this reason there could be a wide
difference in local time of places located at two
extreme points of India (around two hours),
thatswhy the sun rises about two hours earlier in
Arunachal Pradesh than in the Gujarat.
 So, we need to understand
location with the help of
smaller units
LOCATION OF INDIA Because India lies in
INDIA the northern
BEGINS AT hemisphere
8°
Each degree is
0°
0°
divided
EQUATOR
into 60 minutes
EQUATOR IS But India does We use the
AT 0° not begin exactly word north
at 8°
India lies
8° at 4’ So, we can say
India lies at 8
degrees and 4
minutes north
LOCATION OF INDIA

SIMILARLY, THE
LONGITUDINAL EXTENT OF
EQUATOR MAINLAND OF INDIA IS

6 °45 ’ N
Indira point
 NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE
ASIA EASTERN
EUROPE HEMISPHERE

------------------------------TROPIC OF CANCER ----------------------------------------------------------------

AFRICA
------------EQUATOR-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRIME MERIDIAN

AUSTRALIA
 Kibutuh

RoK/Bhuj

Kanya Kumari
 Exploring Social
9861709435
Science

CHAPTER-1
HISTORY

PART-2(TWO)
 SIZE
Whenever we are discussing about the
Spatial distribution of the World, India
carries very significant features. Both the
locational and size characteristics of
India quite important under Geographic
study. Now, we are going to discuss
salient features of LOCATION OF
INDIA:-
The land mass of India has an area of 3.28 million square
km. India’s total area accounts for about 2.4 per cent of
the total geographical area of the world. From Figure 1.2
it is clear that India is the seventh largest country of the
world. India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km
and the total length of the coastline of the mainland,
including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep, is
7,516.6 km.
 INDIA & THE WORLD
❑ The Indian landmass has a central location
between the East and the West Asia. India is a
southward extension of the Asian continent.
❑ · Strategic location of India: The trans Indian
Ocean routes connects the countries of Europe
in the West and the countries of East Asia.
❑ · Close contact of India: The Deccan Peninsula
protrudes into the Indian Ocean which helps
India to establish close contact with West Asia,
Africa and Europe from the western coast and
with Southeast and East Asia from the eastern
coast.
❑ · Eminent position of India in Indian Ocean: No
other country has a long coastline on the Indian
Ocean like India. It also justifies the naming of an
Ocean after it.
❑ · India's contacts with the world have continued
through ages but her relationships through the
land routes are much older than her maritime
contacts. These routes have contributed to the
exchange of ideas and commodities like the
spices, muslin and other merchandise. The
influence of Greek sculpture, and the
architectural styles of dome and minarets from
West Asia can be seen in different parts of India.
 INDIA'S NEIGHBOURS
India occupies an important strategic position in
South Asia. India shares its land boundaries with:
(i) Pakistan and Afghanistan in the Northwest.
(ii) China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the
North.
(iii)Myanmar and Bangladesh in the East.
Indian southern neighbours across the sea
consist of the two island countries, namely Sri
Lanka and Maldives.
Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow
channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the
Gulf of Mannar.
Maldives Islands are situated to the South of the
Lakshadweep Islands.
India’s contacts with the World have continued
through ages but her relationships through the
land routes are much older than her maritime
contacts. The various passes across the mountains
in the north have provided passages to the ancient
travellers, while the oceans restricted such
interaction for a long time These routes have
contributed in the exchange of ideas and
commodities since ancient times.
The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana,
the stories of Panchtantra, the Indian numerals
and the decimal system thus could reach many
parts of the world. The spices, muslin and other
merchandise were taken from India to different
countries. On the other hand, the influence of
Greek sculpture, and the architectural styles of
dome and minarets from West Asia can be seen in
different parts of our country
 KEY CONTENT
❖ Since the opening of the Suez Canal in
1869, India’s distance from Europe has
been reduced by 7,000 km.
❖ Before 1947, there were two types of
states in India — the provinces and the
Princely states. Provinces were ruled
directly by British officials, who were
appointed by the Viceroy. Princely
states were ruled by local, hereditary
rulers, who acknowledged sovereignity
in return for local autonomy