UNIT-I: Projection (2/3 Marks Questions)

i. What is SolidWorks software used for in

engineering?
SolidWorks is used to create 3D models and 2D
drawings of mechanical parts and assemblies.
ii. Define the principal plane of projection in
technical drawing.
Principal planes are the main surfaces (Front, Top, and
Side) used to create 2D views of a 3D object.
iii. What is the main difference between First Angle
Projection and Third Angle Projection?
In First Angle Projection, the object is between the
observer and the plane; in Third Angle Projection, the
plane is between the observer and the object.
iv. How does orthographic projection represent 3D
objects on a 2D plane?
Orthographic projection shows different views (like front,
top, and side) on flat 2D paper to describe a 3D object.
v. What are the standard views included in an
orthographic projection?
The standard views are Front View, Top View, and Side
View (usually right side).
vi. What is the purpose of reading engineering
drawings?
To understand the shape, size, and features of a part or
product for manufacturing or analysis.
vii. Define the term "Projection Line" in orthographic
projection.
Projection lines are thin lines used to project the edges
of a 3D object onto different views.
viii. How is a top view represented in orthographic
projection?
The top view is placed directly above the front view on
the drawing sheet.
ix. What is the significance of the projection symbol
in a technical drawing?
It shows whether First Angle or Third Angle Projection is
used in the drawing.
x. Name any two common tools used in SolidWorks
for creating orthographic projections.
1. Line Tool
2. Extrude Boss/Base Tool
xi. What is orthographic projection?
Orthographic projection is a method of drawing a 3D
object in 2D by showing different views from different
directions.
xii. What primary views are used in orthographic
projection, and why are they important in technical
drawings?
The Front, Top, and Side Views are used to fully
describe the shape and details of an object.
xiii. What is the role of a title block in an
orthographic projection drawing?
The title block gives important information like drawing
title, date, scale, and the name of the person who made
it.
UNIT-II 2D Sketch
i. What is the function of the Line tool in SolidWorks
Sketch?
The Line tool is used to draw straight lines in a sketch.
ii. How do you create a circle in SolidWorks using
the Circle tool?
Click the Circle tool, then click once to set the center,
and move the mouse to set the radius and click again.
iii. Define an under-defined sketch with a simple
example.
An under-defined sketch does not have enough
dimensions or constraints. Example: a circle without a
fixed center point.
iv. Define a fully defined sketch with a simple
example.
A fully defined sketch has all dimensions and
constraints. Example: a rectangle with fixed length,
width, and position.
v. Define an over-defined sketch with a simple
example.
An over-defined sketch has extra or conflicting
dimensions. Example: a line that already has a length,
but another length is added unnecessarily.
vi. What is the function of the Mirror tool in
SolidWorks?
It creates a symmetrical copy of sketch entities across a
centerline.
vii. Why is a 'Fully Defined' sketch important?
It ensures the sketch is fixed, stable, and ready for 3D
features without errors.
viii. What is the function of the Trim tool? Explain
with a suitable example.
The Trim tool removes unwanted parts of a sketch.
Example: cutting extra lines inside a rectangle after
drawing a diagonal cross.
ix. What is the function of the Extend tool? Explain
with a suitable example.
The Extend tool lengthens a sketch entity to meet
another. Example: extending a line until it touches a
circle.
x. What is the purpose of the Offset command in
SolidWorks?
It creates a parallel copy of a sketch entity at a set
distance.
xi. What is the function of the Slot tool in creating
sketches in SolidWorks?
The Slot tool creates slots with two arcs and straight
lines, useful for holes or grooves.
xii. Define linear pattern.
A linear pattern repeats sketch elements in a straight
line with equal spacing.
xiii. What does a circular pattern do in SolidWorks?
It repeats sketch elements around a center point or axis
in a circular layout.
xiv. How to create a linear pattern in both directions
in SolidWorks?
Select the entities, set spacing and number of instances
for both directions (horizontal and vertical), then apply
the pattern.
xv. What are the different types of patterns in
SolidWorks?
1. Linear Pattern
2. Circular Pattern
3. Sketch Pattern
4. Table-driven Pattern
5. Curve-driven Pattern
xvi. Define the purpose of the Trim tool in
SolidWorks.
To cut off extra or unnecessary parts of sketch lines or
curves.
xvii. What is the difference between a Chamfer and a
Fillet in sketching?
 Chamfer: Creates a straight, angled edge.
 Fillet: Creates a rounded corner or curve between
two lines.

Unit-III 3D Models
i. What is the purpose of the 'Extrude Boss/Base'
feature in 3D modeling?
It is used to add thickness or height to a 2D sketch,
turning it into a 3D solid.
ii. What is the function of the Extrude feature in
SolidWorks?
The Extrude feature creates a 3D object by stretching a
2D sketch in a straight direction.
iii. How are Contours used when creating 3D models
in SolidWorks?
Contours are closed areas in a sketch that can be
selected individually to create separate 3D features.
iv. What is the purpose of the Revolve feature in
SolidWorks?
Revolve creates a 3D object by rotating a 2D sketch
around an axis.
v. What is the function of the Swept feature? Explain
with a suitable example.
The Sweep feature creates a 3D shape by moving a 2D
profile along a path.
Example: Sweeping a circle along a curved line to
create a pipe.
vi. How does the Rib feature simplify model design
in SolidWorks?
The Rib feature creates support structures (like walls)
between faces using a single sketch line.
vii. What is the function of the Fillet tool in creating
3D models?
Fillet creates rounded edges or corners on 3D models
for smooth transitions.
viii. How do you insert a Hole in a 3D model in
SolidWorks?
Use the Hole Wizard tool to create standard holes (like
screw or bolt holes) at selected points.
ix. What is the purpose of the Chamfer command in
3D modeling?
Chamfer adds a slanted or angled edge between two
surfaces instead of a sharp corner.
x. What is the function of the Draft feature? Explain
with a suitable example.
Draft adds a slight angle to faces, usually for easy part
removal in molding.
Example: Sloping the sides of a plastic cup.
xi. How are Curves utilized in advanced 3D
modeling?
Curves are used to create complex shapes and paths
for features like sweeps or lofts.
xii. What does Reference Geometry refer to in
SolidWorks?
Reference Geometry includes planes, axes, and points
that help position or build features in a model.

Unit-VI Assembly, Drawing Sheet, and BOM

i. What is the Move Component or Rotate
Component function in assembly?
These tools allow you to move or rotate parts freely in
the assembly to adjust their positions.
ii. Define top-down and bottom-up approaches in 3D
assembly.
 Top-Down: Parts are created inside the assembly.
 Bottom-Up: Pre-made parts are added and
assembled.
iii. What are the key differences between Top-Down
and Bottom-Up approaches in assembly modeling?
Top-Down designs parts in relation to each other within
the assembly, while Bottom-Up assembles already
designed parts.
iv. Name five different mates available in 3D
assembly.
1. Coincident
2. Parallel
3. Perpendicular
4. Concentric
5. Tangent
v. What is the purpose of the Coincident mate in
SolidWorks assemblies?
It aligns two faces, edges, or points so they lie on the
same plane or line.
vi. How is the Parallel mate applied in 3D assembly
modeling?
It makes two selected faces or edges remain parallel to
each other.
vii. What does the Tangent mate do in SolidWorks
assemblies?
It keeps a curved surface and a flat surface touching
each other.
viii. How do you create a Concentric mate in
SolidWorks?
Select two circular edges or faces and apply the
Concentric mate to align their centers.
ix. What is the function of the Lock mate in an
assembly?
It fixes the position of a component, preventing all
movement and rotation.
x. Mates define the allowable direction of movement
of the components. True or False? Explain.
True. Mates control how components move or fit
together in the assembly.
xi. How can you generate a Model View for a
drawing sheet in SolidWorks?
Go to the Drawing tab, click “Model View,” and choose
the 3D model you want to place on the sheet.
xii. What is the purpose of inserting a Standard 3
View in a drawing sheet?
It automatically adds the Front, Top, and Right-side
views for clear representation of the model.
xiii. Explain how to use the 'Smart Dimension' tool
to constrain a sketch. What types of dimensions can
you add?
Click on lines or points and place dimensions like length,
angle, or diameter to fully define the sketch.
xiv. What are Annotations in the context of a
SolidWorks drawing?
Annotations include notes, symbols, and labels that give
extra information on the drawing.
xv. How is the Bill of Materials (BOM) used in
SolidWorks?
The BOM lists all the parts in an assembly with details
like name, quantity, and part number.

Unit-V Addi�ve Manufacturing

i. Define additive manufacturing.
Additive manufacturing is the process of creating objects
by adding material layer by layer.
ii. Define 3D Printing in the context of additive
manufacturing.
3D printing is a type of additive manufacturing where
digital models are turned into physical objects by printing
material layer by layer.
iii. What is the primary difference between Additive
Manufacturing and Conventional Manufacturing
processes?
Additive builds objects by adding material; conventional
methods mostly involve removing material (like cutting
or drilling).
iv. What are a few major applications of 3D printing?
Used in prototyping, medical devices, aerospace
parts, and custom tools.
v. What is the function of a Slicing Software in 3D
printing?
It converts a 3D model into layers and generates the
instructions (G-code) for the printer.
vi. What is the importance of using CURA software
in 3D printing?
CURA helps prepare the 3D file by slicing it and setting
print parameters before printing.
vii. Name any two types of 3D printers commonly
used in additive manufacturing.
1. FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling)
2. SLA (Stereolithography)
viii. What is the purpose of bed leveling in 3D
printing?
To ensure the print bed is flat and at the right distance
from the nozzle for good print quality.
ix. What does adhesion refer to in the context of 3D
printing?
Adhesion means how well the first layer of the print
sticks to the print bed.
x. What is the role of the input filament in the 3D
printing process?
The filament is the raw material (like plastic) that is
melted and used to build the 3D object.
xi. What are printing settings in 3D printing, and why
are they essential?
They control how the printer works (speed, temperature,
layer height), which affects print quality.
xii. Name one advantage of additive manufacturing
over conventional methods.
It allows for faster prototyping and complex shapes
with less material waste.

5-Marks Question Set

Understood! Here are more detailed answers, with
explanation and examples, to help you achieve 5 marks:

1. Creating a Polygon Using the Sketch Tools in

SolidWorks:
In SolidWorks, creating a polygon involves using the
Polygon Tool from the Sketch toolbar. Here's how to do
it:
 Step 1: Start by opening a new part and creating a
sketch on a plane (e.g., the Front Plane).
 Step 2: Click on the Polygon Tool from the Sketch
tab or from the drop-down menu. This tool allows
you to create polygons with any number of sides.
 Step 3: The PropertyManager will appear on the
left side, where you can define the number of sides
for your polygon (e.g., 5 for a pentagon, 6 for a
hexagon, etc.).
 Step 4: Click on the sketch area to define the
center of the polygon.
  Step 5: Move your cursor outward to define the
radius of the polygon. You can manually enter the
radius value in the PropertyManager for precision.
 Step 6: After placing the polygon, you can modify
its dimensions and orientation using Smart Dims or
Relations (such as fixing the center point to the
origin).
This tool is useful for quickly creating shapes like nuts,
bolts, gears, or any design that requires a regular, multi-
sided polygon.

2. Name and Explain the Use of Five 2D Sketch

Tools:
1. Line Tool:
o Purpose: Creates straight lines between two
points.
o Example: Drawing the edges of a rectangle or
polygon. The line tool is fundamental in
constructing the framework of a part.
o Use: Essential for basic sketching, providing
the foundation for creating shapes.
2. Circle Tool:
o Purpose: Creates a circle defined by its center
and radius.
o Example: Drawing holes or cylindrical features
such as holes for screws or bolts.
 o Use: This tool is commonly used for any
circular geometry, such as pinholes or fillet
curves.
3. Rectangle Tool:
o Purpose: Creates a four-sided rectangle by
defining two opposite corners.
o Example: Creating the base shape for a part or
component, like a plate or panel.
o Use: Frequently used in drafting basic shapes
that require parallel sides and right angles.
4. Arc Tool:
o Purpose: Draws a curved line segment defined
by three points: start, end, and the center point
(or radius).
o Example: Used for creating rounded edges,
such as for designing a wheel or forming the
boundary of an opening.
o Use: Ideal for arcs and circular segments that
require precise control over curvature.
5. Spline Tool:
o Purpose: Creates smooth, freeform curves
defined by multiple points.
o Example: Used for designing complex curves,
like ergonomic handles or car body contours.
o Use: Essential for custom shapes that are not
easily captured by arcs or lines, offering
flexibility in design.
3. Fillet vs. Chamfer:
The Fillet and Chamfer are both used to modify the
edges or corners of sketches and parts, but they serve
different purposes.
 Fillet:
o Purpose: The Fillet command rounds off sharp
corners or edges to create a smooth curve
between two intersecting lines or faces.
o Use Case: It is typically used for aesthetic
reasons or to reduce stress concentrations in
mechanical designs. Fillets help improve the
strength of the part by distributing stress more
evenly.
o Example: In a mechanical part, such as a
bracket, you might use a fillet to round the inner
corner where two walls meet to avoid sharp
edges.
o Steps to apply:
1. Select the Fillet tool.
2. Click the two lines or edges where they
meet.
3. Adjust the radius in the PropertyManager
to control the size of the rounded corner.
 Chamfer:
o Purpose: The Chamfer command cuts off the
sharp corner of a part, creating a straight edge
 at a specified angle (usually 45 degrees)
between two intersecting faces.
o Use Case: Chamfers are commonly used for
assembly and part fitting, as well as for
aesthetic effects, giving a beveled edge to
improve handling or assembly processes.
o Example: On a mechanical part like a metal
bracket, a chamfer can be added to the edge to
make it easier to assemble, as it allows parts to
fit together more smoothly.
o Steps to apply:
1. Select the Chamfer tool.
2. Choose the two edges or faces where the
chamfer will be applied.
3. Define the distance or angle of the
chamfer in the PropertyManager.
Difference in Applications:
 Fillets are often used where a smoother transition is
needed, especially in mechanical parts exposed to
stress.
 Chamfers are ideal for edges that require functional
assembly or aesthetic enhancement and are usually
more suitable for parts that will fit together in an
assembly.

4. Creating a Mirror Sketch in SolidWorks and its

Benefits:
Steps to create a Mirror Sketch:
 Step 1: Start by creating a part sketch. This could
be a simple shape like half of a rectangle, circle, or
other elements you wish to mirror.
 Step 2: Select the Entities you want to mirror (e.g.,
half of a part, line, or shape).
 Step 3: Click on the Mirror Entities tool from the
Sketch tab.
 Step 4: Select the Mirror Line. This is the axis or
line about which the sketch will be mirrored (such
as the centerline or another reference line).
 Step 5: After the mirror operation, SolidWorks will
automatically generate the mirrored portion of the
sketch on the opposite side of the mirror line.
Benefits:
 Time-saving: Mirror sketches save time because
they create symmetrical features with just one click.
Any change made to one side will automatically
update the other side.
 Accuracy: Ensures symmetry in designs, which is
important for parts like gears, brackets, or even
organic shapes that require balance.
 Example: When designing a wheel or gear, if one
side of the shape is mirrored, you can create the
exact symmetrical part quickly and accurately.

5. Trim and Extend Tools in SolidWorks:

The Trim and Extend tools in SolidWorks are essential
for modifying 2D sketches and making sure lines meet
at desired points.
 Trim Tool:
o Purpose: Trims away excess sketch entities
that extend beyond where they need to be.
o Example: If you have a circle and a line
intersecting it, you can use the Trim tool to
remove the portion of the line that extends
beyond the edge of the circle.
o Steps to apply:
1. Click on the Trim Entities tool.
2. Select the part of the line or curve you
want to remove.
3. Click to trim off the selected segment.
 Extend Tool:
o Purpose: Extends lines or curves to meet
another entity or endpoint.
o Example: If you have two lines that should
intersect but fall short, the Extend tool will
extend the lines to meet each other at the
desired point.
o Steps to apply:
1. Select the Extend Entities tool.
2. Click on the endpoint of the line you wish
to extend.
 3. The tool will extend the line until it reaches
the nearest entity.
Difference between Trim and Extend:
 Trim is used to shorten or remove portions of
sketch entities, while Extend lengthens them to
ensure they connect or meet other sketch elements.
6. Name 3 Types of 3D Printers and Explain the Key
Differences in Their Basic Working Principle:
1. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM):
o Working Principle: FDM printers use a heated
nozzle to extrude thermoplastic material (like
PLA, ABS, or PETG) layer by layer onto a build
platform. The material is melted as it exits the
nozzle, then solidifies as it cools, gradually
building the 3D object.
o Key Feature: FDM is known for its affordability
and is often used for prototyping and functional
parts.
2. Stereolithography (SLA):
o Working Principle: SLA printers use a laser to
cure liquid photopolymer resin in a vat layer by
layer. The laser selectively hardens the resin,
solidifying it based on the 3D design.
o Key Feature: SLA provides very high precision
and smooth surface finishes, making it ideal for
detailed models and small parts.
3. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS):
 o Working Principle: SLS printers use a laser to
sinter powdered material (such as nylon, metal,
or ceramics) into a solid structure. The laser
scans the powder bed, fusing particles
together, and the platform lowers as layers are
added.
o Key Feature: SLS can create strong and
functional parts without the need for support
structures, and it is often used for both
prototyping and production-grade parts.
Key Differences:
 Material: FDM uses thermoplastics, SLA uses
photopolymer resins, and SLS uses powder-based
materials.
 Accuracy & Finish: SLA typically offers the highest
resolution and smoothest surface, while FDM can
have visible layer lines. SLS creates strong parts
but has rougher surface textures.
 Applications: FDM is ideal for low-cost prototyping,
SLA for highly detailed models, and SLS for
durable, functional parts in industries like aerospace
and automotive.
7. Top-Down Approach to Assembly Modeling in
SolidWorks:
The Top-Down approach in SolidWorks assembly
modeling starts by defining the overall assembly's
framework before creating individual parts. This method
ensures that the parts are designed based on their
relationships to the assembly.
 Steps:
1. Create the assembly file: Start with the
assembly document, defining the assembly's
overall structure.
2. Insert components: Instead of designing parts
individually, parts are often created directly in
the assembly environment.
3. Define relationships: Define how parts relate
to each other through Mate features (e.g.,
coincident, concentric).
4. Use reference geometry: Sketches and
reference points in the assembly act as guides
for designing parts.
 Example: In designing a mechanical gearbox, the
overall assembly's framework and gear positions
are first defined, then individual gears are modeled
based on these relationships.
Benefits:
 Ensures all parts fit together properly.
 Parts can be modified quickly based on changes to
the assembly design.

8. Steps Involved in Creating a SolidWorks

Assembly Using Standard Mates Like Distance and
Angle:
To create an assembly in SolidWorks with standard
mates such as Distance and Angle, follow these steps:
1. Start an Assembly: Open a new Assembly
document in SolidWorks.
2. Insert Components: Use the Insert Components
tool to place parts or subassemblies into the
assembly.
3. Apply Mate Relationships:
o Distance Mate: Use this mate to set a specific
distance between two components. Select two
faces or entities, and in the Mate
PropertyManager, define the required distance
between them.
o Angle Mate: This mate sets an angle between
two faces or parts. Select the faces or edges,
then define the angle in the PropertyManager.
4. Position Parts: Move parts into the desired
position. The mates will constrain the parts
according to the defined relationships.
5. Finalize Assembly: After applying all necessary
mates, check the assembly for proper motion and
interactions.
Example: In a wheel assembly, the distance mate can
be used to define the gap between the wheel and its
axle, while the angle mate can help position the spokes
at specific angles to the wheel rim.
9. Comparison of the Advantages of Top-Down and
Bottom-Up Approaches in Assembly Design:
Top-Down Approach:
 Advantages:
o Efficient Integration: Parts are created based
on the overall assembly, ensuring they fit
together from the start.
o Flexibility: Changes to the assembly
automatically update related parts.
o Design Control: More control over part
relationships and constraints.
 Disadvantages:
o Complexity: Initial setup can be more
complicated.
o Slower Part Creation: Creating parts based on
the assembly might take longer initially.
Bottom-Up Approach:
 Advantages:
o Part Focused: Parts are created individually,
which can be more straightforward for simpler
designs.
o Component Reusability: Parts can be reused
in multiple assemblies.
 Disadvantages:
 o Integration Challenges: Ensuring parts fit
together correctly after they are created can
lead to rework.
o Limited Design Control: Lack of immediate
awareness of how parts will interact within the
assembly.
Comparison:
 The Top-Down approach is better for large,
complex assemblies where part relationships are
critical, while Bottom-Up is better for simple,
modular designs where parts can be reused easily.

10. Working Principle of Fused Deposition Modeling

(FDM) 3D Printing:
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an additive
manufacturing technique where material is extruded
through a heated nozzle onto a build platform.
 Process:
1. The FDM printer heats a thermoplastic filament
(e.g., PLA, ABS) until it becomes soft and
malleable.
2. The heated nozzle moves over the print bed,
depositing the material layer by layer.
3. As each layer cools, it solidifies and bonds with
the previous layer, creating the final part.
 Key Feature: FDM is a straightforward and cost-
effective method for prototyping and manufacturing
 functional parts, but it can leave visible layer lines
on the surface.

11. Advantages and Disadvantages of FDM 3D

Printing and Major Applications:
Advantages:
 Low Cost: FDM printers are relatively affordable,
making them ideal for home use and small
businesses.
 Wide Material Availability: A variety of
thermoplastic materials (PLA, ABS, PETG) are
available.
 Ease of Use: FDM printers are user-friendly and
have straightforward operations.
Disadvantages:
 Surface Finish: Parts made with FDM can have
visible layer lines, affecting the appearance.
 Speed: FDM printing can be slower compared to
other technologies like SLA or SLS.
 Strength Limitations: The mechanical properties
of FDM parts may be weaker than those made by
other technologies.
Applications:
 Prototyping functional parts.
 Producing custom tooling and jigs.
  Creating educational models and parts for product
testing.

12. Working Principle of Selective Laser Sintering

(SLS) 3D Printing:
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a powder-based 3D
printing process where a laser sinters (melts) the
powder material layer by layer to build a part.
 Process:
1. A thin layer of powder (typically nylon or metal)
is spread across the build platform.
2. A laser scans the powder, melting and fusing it
according to the design.
3. The platform lowers, and another layer of
powder is applied and sintered. This process
repeats until the part is fully built.
 Key Feature: SLS doesn’t require support
structures as the powder itself supports the part
during printing.

13. Advantages and Disadvantages of Selective

Laser Sintering (SLS) and Major Applications:
Advantages:
 Strong Parts: SLS creates durable, functional parts
suitable for end-use applications.
  No Need for Support Structures: Since the
surrounding powder supports the part, no additional
supports are required.
 Material Variety: SLS can work with a wide range
of materials, including plastics, metals, and
ceramics.
Disadvantages:
 Cost: SLS machines and materials are more
expensive than FDM.
 Surface Finish: Parts have a rougher surface
finish, requiring post-processing for a smooth
surface.
 Slow Speed: The printing process can be slow due
to the nature of powder sintering.
Applications:
 Aerospace and automotive industries for creating
functional prototypes.
 Medical devices such as custom implants.
 Complex geometries that can’t be made with
traditional manufacturing methods.