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Lesson 2 Philosophy Final

The document discusses the philosophical tools and processes used to arrive at knowledge and truth, emphasizing the importance of asking philosophical questions. It highlights the contributions of Socrates and the dialectical method, as well as the role of logical reasoning, including deductive and inductive reasoning. These tools are essential for critical thinking and understanding complex realities.

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4 views

Lesson 2 Philosophy Final

The document discusses the philosophical tools and processes used to arrive at knowledge and truth, emphasizing the importance of asking philosophical questions. It highlights the contributions of Socrates and the dialectical method, as well as the role of logical reasoning, including deductive and inductive reasoning. These tools are essential for critical thinking and understanding complex realities.

Uploaded by

lorenzanajenny72
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 2-PHILOSOPHICAL TOOLS AND PROCESSES

 Philosophy uses reason to arrive at a certain knowledge or truth.


Greek philosophers gave us how to use our intellect to understand realities around us. The
tools that they frequently utilized are the following:
1. Philosophical Questions. Philosophy was born because of ignorance. If one is
ignorant, he asks questions and if he keeps on questioning the more
knowledge he acquires.

In our daily struggles, one needs to ask questions simple, serious and deep questions that we
have to cope with. A philosopher is like a child who has an inquisitive mind who never stops
asking questions and finding answers.

Simple Questions (influenced by curiosity and sense of wonder);


1.What is this?
2.What does this do?
3.Why are trees tall?
4.Why is the sky so far away?

Serious Questions (influenced by our experiences and circumstances):


1. Why do I have to study?
2.What do I need to get better grades?
3.What should I do to achieve my goals in life?
4.What can I do to be better?
5.How do I deal with difficult people?

Deep Questions (influenced to search for meaningful answers):


1.Where can one find true happiness?
2.Why do good people suffer?
3.What can we do to make the world a better place?
4.Why do I have to be a good person?
5.Is love worth giving up everything?

Socrates is considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times.


▫He is known for Socratic Method, a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between
individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to
draw out ideas and underlying assumptions.
Dialectics-term used to describe a method of philosophical argument that involves some sort of
contradictory process between opposing sides. (Example: extension of MECQ or imposing GCQ;
life imprisonment or death penalty)

As a dialectical method, it is a discourse between two or more people holding different points
of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments.
Karl Marx known for his Dialectical Method

2. Logical Reasoning- In philosophy reasoning is the process of thinking about something in a


logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgement.
Reasoning is the method we use in doing philosophy All branches of philosophy employ
reasoning in explaining their arguments.

One type of logical reasoning is the deductive reasoning:


Example:
Premise 1: All human beings are mortal
Premise2: But the President of the Philippines is a human being
Conclusion: Therefore, the President of the Philippines is mortal.
DEDUCTIVE -General/Universal argument to Specific/ Particular argument- Conclusion

Inductive reasoning: begins with a particular/specific statement to universal/general argument.


Example:
Premise: Student A, B, C, D, E, F… are wearing School ID.
Conclusion: Therefore, All students are wearing ID
INDUCTIVE-Particular/Specific argument to General/Universal argument- Conclusion
2 . L o g i c a l R e a s o n i n g . I n p h i l o s o
p h y r e a s o n i n g i s theprocess of thinking

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