Name _____________________________________________________________________

Paper 2B

Year 10 End-of-Year Test

Time allowed: 1 hour 15 minutes

Total marks available: 70

Total marks achieved:

You must have: ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB
or B).
• Fill in your name at the top of the page.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more
space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
• Calculators may be used.

Information
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets – use this as a
guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
 Answer ALL questions.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change

your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

1 A student uses this method to measure the energy value of a sample

of bread.

· Measure the mass of a sample of bread.

· Put 20 cm3 of water in a boiling tube.

· Place a thermometer in the boiling tube and record the initial

temperature of the water.

· Place the sample of bread on a mounted needle.

· Light the bread sample in a Bunsen flame.

· Quickly move the burning bread sample and place it directly under
the boiling tube.

· If the bread stops burning, relight the bread in the Bunsen flame.

· Place it back under the boiling tube.

· Repeat until the bread does not burn.

· Record the final temperature of the water in the boiling tube.

The student repeats the experiment three times.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
2
The table shows some of the student's results.

(a) To calculate the energy released from the burning bread, the
student uses this formula.

energy (in J) = mass of water (in g) × 4.2 × increase in temperature (in °C)

They then calculate the energy in joules released by 1 g of bread.

(i) Calculate the increase in water temperature for the third

sample of bread.
(1)

temperature increase = ................................................. °C

(ii) Calculate the energy released in joules by the third sample of

bread.

[1 cm3 of water has a mass of 1 g]

(1)

energy released = ................................................... J

(iii) Calculate the energy released in joules by 1g of bread for the

third sample of bread.
(1)

energy released by 1 g = ................................................ J

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
3
(b)The energy value given on the packaging of the bread is 10 400 J
for 1 g
of bread.

Comment on why the student's method gives a different value.

(5)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

(c) Give two ways that the student could modify this apparatus to
achieve an answer nearer to the energy value given on the
packaging of the bread.
(2)

1................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

2................................................................................................

..................................................................................................
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
4
 (Total for question = 10 marks)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
5
2 As an embryo develops, its cells differentiate.

(a)Explain the importance of cell differentiation in the development of

the growing embryo.
(2)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

(b)(i) Which of these is a feature of adult stem cells?

(1)

A They do not divide.

B They divide by meiosis.

C They can become all cell types.

D They are found in some tissues and organs.

(ii) Adult stem cells or embryonic stem cells can be used in

medical treatments.

Explain why the choice between these two types of stem cells
can cause issues for doctors.
(2)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................
(Total for question = 5 marks)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
6
3 Read the passage below. Use the information in the passage and your
own knowledge to answer the questions that follow.

Heart transplant

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
7
(a)Suggest why cardiomyopathy can cause heart failure (lines 6 to 7).
(1)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
8
..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

(b)During the transplant procedure the patient's heart is removed,

leaving behind a section of the right and left atria.

Describe the functions of the atria in the body.

(3)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

(c) Describe how the blood in the pulmonary artery differs from the
blood in the aorta.
(2)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................
(d)Explain the function of the heart-lung bypass machine (lines 11 to
12).
(3)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
9
(e)Explain why the patient needs to be given immunosuppressants
(lines 19
to 20).
(2)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

(f) Explain why patients should not smoke after their heart transplant
(lines 28 to 29).
(2)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

(g)State what is meant by the term balanced diet.

(1)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

(h)Calculate the number of patients in the United Kingdom who have a

heart transplant in 1 year that are still alive 5 years later (lines 2 to
3 and lines 35 to 36).
(2)

number of patients = ..............................................

(i) Suggest why patients are advised to avoid strenuous activities after
their heart transplant (line 24).
(1)

..................................................................................................

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
10
 ..................................................................................................

(j) Suggest why patients are more likely to be at risk of food poisoning
after their heart transplant (lines 32 to 33).
(1)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................
(Total for question = 18 marks)

4 The leaf contains pores called stomata.

The diagram shows a section of a leaf showing a stoma.

(a) The arrows show the diffusion of two different gases on a sunny
day.

(i) Which row of the table correctly names gas X and gas Y?
(1)

(ii) Which of the following is correct on a sunny day?

(1)

A The volume of cell W increases and the stoma opens.

B The volume of cell W decreases and the stoma closes.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
11
 C The volume of cell W increases and the stoma closes.
D The volume of cell W decreases and the stoma opens.

(b) Farmers spray chemicals called herbicides on their fields to kill

unwanted plants called weeds.

An investigation was carried out into the effects of herbicides on

weeds. Weeds were grown in two fields. One field of weeds was
sprayed with herbicide and the other with a control solution.

Both sets of weeds were left for 1 week and the following factors were
measured:

 the rate of carbon dioxide absorption by the weeds

 the rate of water loss from the stomata of the weeds

 the dry mass of the weeds.

The table shows the results.

(i) Explain the effect of this herbicide on the growth of the

weeds.

Use information from the table to support your answer.

(6)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
12
..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
13
 (ii) Calculate the difference in carbon dioxide absorption
between the control and herbicide treatments in 1 week.
Show your working.
(2)

difference in 1 week = ................................ μmol per cm 2

(iii) Calculate the percentage decrease in the dry mass of weeds

when the herbicide is used.
(2)

percentage decrease = ............................................... %

(c) A student wants to compare the transpiration rate of two weed

species.

Describe how the student could measure the rate of water loss in
order to make a valid comparison.
(5)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................
(Total for question = 17 marks)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
14
5 The diagram shows a single-celled organism called Chlorella that lives
in fresh water.

Chlorella has a chloroplast and can photosynthesise.

(a)(i) Which of these groups of organisms contains Chlorella?

(1)

A animals

B bacteria

C plants

D protoctists

(ii) Which of these labelled structures would also be present in an

animal cell?
(1)

A cell membrane and chloroplast

B cell membrane and mitochondrion

C cell wall and chloroplast

D cell wall and mitochondrion

(b)Complete the balanced chemical symbol equation for

photosynthesis.
(2)

.........................+......................... .........................+ 6O2

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
15
(c) The graph shows the effect of light intensity on gas exchange by
Chlorella.

(i) Explain why Chlorella takes in oxygen at light intensities

below 10 arbitrary units.
(2)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
16
 (ii) Explain the changes in the volume of oxygen released as the
light intensity increases from 10 arbitrary units.
(3)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

(iii) The volume of oxygen released by Chlorella is the difference

between the oxygen produced by photosynthesis and the
oxygen taken in.

Use the graph to calculate the volume of oxygen produced in 5

minutes by photosynthesis at a light intensity of 50 arbitrary
units.
(2)

volume of oxygen = ................................... mm 3

(d) Describe how hydrogencarbonate indicator could be used to

investigate the effect of light intensity on carbon dioxide exchange
by Chlorella.
(3)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
17
 (Total for question = 14 marks)

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
18
6 The diagram shows a magnified image of a root hair cell from a young
plant.

(a)In which structure do most of the cell's metabolic activities occur?

(1)

A W

B X

C Y

DZ

(b) The actual length of the cell, along the line between A and B, is
1000 μm.
Calculate the magnification of this drawing.
(2)

magnification = …...............................

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
19
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
20
(c) Explain the role of the root hair cell in absorption of water from the
soil.
(3)

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................
(Total for question = 6 marks)

TOTAL 70 MARKS

© Pearson Education Ltd 2023. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
21