Chemistry 112A FIRST EXAM KEY Professor Bleeke

This exam from a previous year consists of questions covering representative topics, but not necessarily all of the
subject matter discussed so far this semester.
 Student ID # ____________________

FIRST EXAM KEY Please fill in the

numbers of your 6-
Chemistry 112A digit WUSTL ID:
Professor Bleeke 6:30 – 8:00 p.m.
Student ID #
WRITE YOUR STUDENT ID ON EACH PAGE OF THE EXAM,
9 9 9 9 9 9
INCLUDING THE SCRATCH PAGE.
8 8 8 8 8 8
7 7 7 7 7 7
1.5 HOURS will be allowed for the exam. The examination contains
6 6 6 6 6 6
8 questions on 10 numbered pages, including the last SCRATCH PAGE.
5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4
TURN IN THE ENTIRE EXAM (INCLUDING THE SCRATCH PAGE)
3 3 3 3 3 3
WHEN YOU ARE FINISHED!
2 2 2 2 2 7
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
Exam Points Breakdown:
0 0 0 0 0 0

1. (12 pts)

2. (08 pts)

3. (12 pts)

4. (14 pts)

5. (13 pts)

6. (13 pts)

7. (14 pts)

8. (14 pts)

Total Points: (100 pts)

REGRADE INFORMATION: Read the regrade information section in the general information/FAQs/policies
handout and fully review the exam key posted to Canvas (this usually contains more thorough information than that
shown on Gradescope). An electronic regrade request form must be completed by the due date. Exam 1 regrade
requests must be turned in by 4:00 PM on the due date.
 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
2
Student ID # ____________________
1. (12 Total Points) a) Consider the following balanced chemical reaction:
2 ClO (g) ⇌ Cl (g) + ClO2 (g)

08 The equilibrium constant, K, for this reaction at 385 K is 4.26 × 10−4 . Using this information, answer
pts the following questions.
1.240 atm of ClO (g) and 0.330 atm of Cl (g) are sealed in a container at 385 K. No ClO2 (g) is present
initially. Determine the partial pressures of all three gases, ClO (g), Cl (g) and ClO2 (g) (in atm), after
equilibrium is established. Show all work and record your final answers on the lines provided
below. Report each answer to at least 3 significant figures.

2 ClO (g) ⇌ Cl (g) + ClO2 (g)

I 1.240 atm 0.330 atm 0 atm
C −2x +x +x
E 1.240 − 2x 0.330 + x x

PClO2 × PCl x(0.330 + x)

K = 4.26 × 10−4 = 2 =
PClO (1.240 − 2x)2
Using MOSA:
Assume 2x << 1.240 ; x << 0.330
x1 = 0.00198
x2 = 0.00196
x3 = 0.00196

PClO at equilibrium = 1.240 − 2x = 1.236 atm

PCl at equilibrium = 0.330 + x = 0.332 atm
PClO2 at equilibrium = x = 0.00196 atm

May also solve using the quadratic equation:

0 = 0.9983x 2 + 0.3321x − 0.0006550 OR 0 = −0.9983x 2 − 0.3321x + 0.0006550

x1 = 0.00196 (Correct Answer)
x2 = −0.335

1.236 atm 0.332 atm 0.00196 atm

PClO = _________________ PCl = _________________ PClO2 = ________________
 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
3
Student ID # ____________________
1. (Continued) b) Consider the following balanced chemical reaction:
BrO (g) + ClO (g) ⇌ ClO2 (g) + Br (g)
The equilibrium constant, K, for this reaction at 385 K is 0.040 and the reaction is endothermic, as written.
Plots A) – C) depict the partial pressure (in atm) of each gas vs. time for the reaction shown above
04 under different initial conditions. Using this information, determine the bolded words or phrases that
pts would make each of the following statements TRUE. Circle your final answers.
Note: Plots B) and C) have the same pressure scale, but the pressure scale in plot A) is different.

Not necessary for full credit:

PClO2 × PBr
K=
PBrO × PClO
0.2 × 0.25
A): = 0.040 = K at 385 K
1.25 × 1

2×3
B): = 32 > K at 385 K
0.25 × 0.75

0.50 × 0.25
C): = 0.040 = K at 385 K
1.25 × 2.5

i) Plot A depicts the reaction spontaneously proceeding in the ( forward reverse ) direction to
reach equilibrium at a temperature ( greater than equal to less than ) 385 K.

ii) Plot B depicts the reaction spontaneously proceeding in the ( forward reverse ) direction to
reach equilibrium at a temperature ( greater than equal to less than ) 385 K.

iii) Plot C depicts the reaction spontaneously proceeding in the ( forward reverse ) direction to
reach equilibrium at a temperature ( greater than equal to less than ) 385 K.
 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
4
Student ID # ____________________
2. (08 Total Points) Consider the generic, balanced chemical reactions listed below as A) – D). Each reaction is
either endothermic or exothermic in the forward direction, as indicated.

Each reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium and is then heated from the original temperature, T1, to a new,
higher temperature, T2. In each case, the reaction shifts spontaneously in either the forward or the reverse
direction to re-establish equilibrium.

If that direction can be determined unambiguously with the information provided below (i.e., without the need
for quantitative information), indicate the correct direction by selecting either “Forward” or “Reverse” from
the choices provided. If the direction cannot be unambiguously determined with the information provided,
select “Ambiguous.” Fill in the circle next to your final answers.

A) A(g) + 2 B(g) ⇌ 2 C(g) endothermic

○ Forward ○ Reverse ○ Ambiguous

B) A(g) + B(g) ⇌ 2 C(g) exothermic

○ Forward ○ Reverse ○ Ambiguous

C) A(g) + 2 B(g) ⇌ C(g) + D(g) exothermic

○ Forward ○ Reverse ○ Ambiguous

D) A(g) + B(g) ⇌ C(s) + 2 D(g) endothermic (Note that product C is a pure solid.)

○ Forward ○ Reverse ○ Ambiguous

 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
5
Student ID # ____________________
3. (12 Total Points) Consider the balanced gas phase reaction shown below.

4 NO (g) + 6 H2 O (g) ⇌ 4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) K = 8.32 × 10−19 at temperature T

_1.25 atm of NH3(g) and 1.25 atm of O2(g) are placed in a sealed container at temperature T. No NO (g) or
H2O (g) are initially present. Using this information, determine the partial pressures of NH3 (g) and O2 (g) (in atm)
after equilibrium has been established. Show all work and record your final answers on the lines provided
below. Report each answer to at least 3 significant figures.

4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g) ⇌ 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g)

I 0 0 1.25 1.25

Push the reaction to the left because K is very small.

C +1.0 + 1.5 ‒1.0 ‒1.25

I’ 1.0 1.5 0.25 0

C ‒4x ‒6x +4x +5x

E 1.0 ‒ 4x 1.5 ‒ 6x 0.25 + 4x 5x

4
PNH × PO52 (0.25 + 4x)4 (5x)5
K = 8.32 × 10−19 = 3
=
4
PNO × PH62 O (1.0 − 4x)4 (1.5 − 6x)6

Using the Method of Successive Approximations,

Assume 4x << 0.25 ; 4x << 1.0 ; 6x << 1.5

x1 = 2.39 × 10−4 ; x2 = 2.38 × 10−4 ; x3 = 2.38 × 10−4 ;

Therefore, the equilibrium partial pressures are

PNH3 = 0.25 + 4(2.38 × 10−4 ) = 0.251 atm,

PO2 = 5(2.38 × 10−4 ) = 1.19 × 10−3atm

0.251 atm
PNH3 = _________________ 0.00119 atm
PO2 = _________________
 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
6
Student ID # ____________________
4. (14 Total Points) At high temperatures, the solid compound (NH4)2CO3 decomposes according to the
following balanced chemical reaction:
(NH4 )2 CO3 (s) ⇌ 2 NH3 (g) + CO2 (g) + H2 O (g)
You may assume ideal gas behavior throughout this question.
a) When excess (NH4)2CO3 (s) is sealed in an evacuated container at 750 K, the total pressure is
3.52 atm after equilibrium is established. Using this information, calculate the equilibrium constant, K, for
06 this reaction at 750 K.
pts
(NH4 )2 CO3 (s) ⇌ 2 NH3 (g) + CO2 (g) + H2 O (g)
I Excess 0 0 0
C − +2x +x +x
E Excess 2x x x

Total Pressure = PNH3 + PCO2 + PH2 O = 2x + x + x = 3.52 atm

x = 0.88 atm

2
K = PNH 3
× PCO2 × PH2 O

K = (2 × 0.88)2 × 0.88 × 0.88 = 2.40

b) Consider the same chemical reaction but at a new temperature, T = 775 K. The equilibrium
constant K at 775 K is equal to 5.47. Using this information, answer the following questions.
08
i) When 1.40 atm of each gas are initially sealed in a container at 775 K, no solid is observed to form.
pts
Explain this observation in 1-2 sentences on the lines provided and show any calculations used to
support your reasoning.

Explanation: When 1.40 atm of each gas are sealed in a container at 775 K, Q (3.84) is less
than K (5.47). This means the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction and no solid
forms.

2
Q = PNH 3
× PCO2 × PH2 O

Q = (1.40)2 × (1.40) × (1.40) = 3.84

ii) Determine the minimum amount of NH3 (g) that should be added to the container described in
part (b, i) above in order for solid to form at 775 K. Report your answer in terms of the minimum
amount of pressure (in atm) that should be added to the 1.40 atm of NH3 (g) already present. Show
all work and circle your final answer.

When Q = K, the reaction is at equilibrium and solid would form.

2
Q = PNH 3
× PCO2 × PH2 O = K = 5.47 Q = (1.40 + x)2 × (1.40) × (1.40) = 5.47
x = 0.27 Thus, a minimum of 0.27 atm of NH3 must be added
 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
7
Student ID # ____________________
5. (13 Total Points) a) A 0.40 M aqueous solution of HF is prepared at 25ºC. Given: 0.40 M is the initial
concentration. Using this information, answer the following questions.
Given: K a (HF, 25℃) = 6.6 × 10−4 pK a (HF, 25℃) = 3.18
Determine the percent dissociation of HF after equilibrium is established. Show all work and circle your
07
final answer.
pts
07 HF (aq) + H2 O (ℓ) ⇌ F − (aq) + H3 O+ (aq)

I 0.40 M – 0 0

C –x +x +x

E 0.40 –x – x x

[H3 O+ ][F − ] x2
Ka = = = 6.6 × 10−4
[HF] 0.40 − x
Use the method of successive approximations to solve for x:

x1 = 0.0162 x2 = 0.0159 x3 = 0.0159

Or use the quadratic equation to solve for x:
a=1 b = 6.6 × 10−4 c = −2.64 × 10−4 OR
a = –1 b = –6.6 × 10−4 c = 2.64 × 10−4
x1 = 0.0159 (correct solution) x2 = −0.0166 (nonsensical solution)
[F − ] 0.0159
% dissociation = × 100% = × 100% = 3.98%
[HF]0 0.40

b) Using your work from part (a), determine the number of moles of HClO4 that should be added to
600.0 mL of pure water at 25ºC so that this solution would have the same final pH as the 0.40 M aqueous
03 solution of HF described above. Show all work and circle your final answer.
pts
HClO4 is a strong acid.
The same final pH means the same [H3O+] after equilibrium is established.
[HClO4 ] = [H3 O+ ] because HClO4 completely dissociates. Thus, [HClO4 ] = 0.0159 M

0.0159 M × 0.6000 L = 0.00955 moles

 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
8
Student ID # ____________________
c) Comparing a 600.0 mL sample of the 0.40 M aqueous solution of HF described in part (a) and the
600.0 mL sample of the HClO4 solution described in part (b), determine if the statements below are TRUE
03 or FALSE. Fill in the circle next to your final answers.
pts
TRUE FALSE

i) ○ ○ After equilibrium is established for each solution, the [H3O+] is the same for both
solutions.

ii) ○ ○ The same number of moles of OH– would be required to completely neutralize each
solution.

iii) ○ ○ Both solutions would have a pH of 7.00 after completely neutralizing the acids
with OH–.
 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
9
Student ID # ____________________

6. (13 Total Points) At 25°C, Ka for the weak acid, hypochlorous acid, HClO, is 3.0 × 10−8 (pKa = 7.53). You
may assume a temperature of 25ºC throughout this problem. Using this information, answer the following
questions.
a) Determine the mass (in g) of solid potassium hypochlorite, K+ClO–, that must be added to a 500 mL
aqueous solution of 0.10 M HClO to prepare a buffer solution with pH = 8.00. Show all work and circle
05 your final answer.
pts
Given: KClO is completely soluble in water and MW (KClO) = 90.55 g/mol

mol
nHA = (0.10 ) (0.50 L) = 0.050 mol
L
(n )
Henderson-Hasselbalch: pH = pK a − log ((nHA− )0 )
A 0
0.050 mol
8.00 = 7.53 − log ( )
(nA− )0
nA− = 0.148 mol
g
0.148 mol KClO (90.55 ) = 13.4 grams
mol

Alternate Route:
[HA]0 0.10
pH = pK a − log ( ) 8.00 = 7.53 − log ( )
[A− ]0 [A− ]0

[A− ]0 = 0.295 M × 0.500 L = 0.148 moles

g
0.148 mol KClO (90.55 ) = 13.4 grams
mol

b) Write the balanced chemical equation that represents the governing equilibrium in this buffer on the line
provided. Please include the phase, e.g. (ℓ), for each species in your equation.
02
pts ClO− (aq) + H O (ℓ) ⇌ HClO (aq) + OH − (aq)
2
___________________________________________________________________________________
 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
10
Student ID # ____________________
c) 50 mL of a 0.20 M aqueous HCl solution is then added to the buffer described in part (a). Using your
answer from part (a), determine the pH of the buffer after this addition. Show all work and circle your
04 final answer.
pts 0.050 L × 0.20 M = 0.010 moles HCl Added to Buffer
= 0.010 moles H3 O+ strong acid added to buffer

ClO– + H3O+ → HClO + H2O

I 0.148 moles 0.010 0.050 −

C – 0.010 – 0.010 +0.010 −

End 0.138 0 0.060 −

nHA0
pH = pK a − log ( )
nA−0

0.060
pH = 7.53 − log ( ) = 7.89
0.138

If using concentrations:
0.148 moles
New volume is 550 mL: = 0.269 M
0.550 L

ClO– + H3O+ → HClO + H2O

I 0.269 0.018 0.091 −

C – 0.018 – 0.018 +0.018 −

End 0.251 0 0.109 −

0.109
pH = 7.53 − log ( ) = 7.89
0.251
 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
11
Student ID # ____________________
d) Using your work from part (c), calculate the number of moles of KClO that must be added to the buffer
solution in part (c) to bring it back to the original pH of 8.00. Show all work and circle your final
02 answer.
pts
(n )
Henderson-Hasselbalch: pH = pK a − log ((nHA− )0 )
A 0

0.060 mol
8.00 = 7.53 − log ( )
0.138 mol + nClO−

nClO− = 0.0391 mol

 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
12
Student ID # ____________________
7. (14 Total Points) A 200.0 mL aqueous solution at
25ºC contains a weak, monoprotic acid, HA. This
solution is titrated with a 0.50 M aqueous solution of
NaOH at 25ºC. The titration curve shown at the right
is the result. Using this information, answer the
following questions.

a) Determine the number of moles of HA in the

original 200.0 mL solution (i.e., before any NaOH
03 solution was added). Show all work and circle
pts your final answer.
moles NaOH added = moles of HA
moles NaOH = (0.50 M)(0.152 L) = 0.076 moles HA

b) Calculate the Kb for the conjugate weak base of the weak acid HA. Show all work and circle your final
answer. 0.076 moles of HA is converted to A— after adding of 152 mL NaOH
09
pts 0.076 mol
[A− ] = = 0.2159 M. We now have a weak base equilibrium:
0.200 L+0.152 L

A− (aq) + H2 O (ℓ) ⇌ HA (aq) + OH − (aq)

I 0.2159 M – 0 0

C –x +x +x

E 0.2159 –x – x x

pOH at the equivalence point = 14.0 − pH at the equivalence point

14.0 − 9.03 = 4.97

[OH − ] = x = 10−4.97 = 1.072 × 10−5

Kw 10−14
OR [H3 O+ ] = 10−pH = 10−9.03 = 9.333 × 10−10 [OH − ] =
[H3 O+ ]
= 9.333×10−10 = 1.072 × 10−5

x2 (1.072 × 10−5 )2
Kb = = = 5.32 × 10−10
0.2159 − x 0.2159 − 1.072 × 10−5

c) Using your answer from part (b), identify which of the following is the monoprotic weak acid, HA, in the
titration curve shown above. Fill in the circle next to your final answer and show all work to support
02 your answer in the space provided below.
pts
C6H5NH3+ C5H5NH+ C9H7NH+
○ K a = 1.4 × 10−5 ○ HN3
K a = 1.9 × 10−5 ○ K a = 6.7 × 10−6 ○ K a = 4.0 × 10−6

Kw 10−14
Show work: Ka = = K a = 1.9 × 10−5
K b 5.32 × 10−10
 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
13
Student ID # ____________________
8. (14 Total Points) When 500.0 mL of a 0.50 M aqueous solution of MgCl2 is added to 250.0 mL of a
0.50 M aqueous solution of NaF at 25o C, a precipitate of the sparingly-soluble salt, MgF2, is formed.

Given: MgCl2 and NaF are completely soluble in water to produce Mg2+, Cl–, Na+, and F– ions.

K sp for MgF2 = 6.6 × 10−9 at 25℃

MW (MgF2) = 62.30 g/mol

You may ignore any reaction between F– and H2O.
a) Using the information provided above, calculate the mass of MgF2 (in grams) that precipitates
immediately upon mixing the two solutions, assuming complete reaction. Show all work and circle your
06 final answer. Report your answer to at least 3 significant figures.
pts
Calculation using concentrations:
Calculation using moles:
Solution 1:
Solution 1: 0.250 moles Mg 2+
= 0.3333 M Mg 2+
0.50 M × 0.5000 L Mg 2+ = 0.250 moles Mg 2+ 0.5000 L + 0.2500 L

Solution 2: Solution 2:
−
0.50 M × 0.2500 L F = 0.125 moles F − 0.125 moles F −
= 0.1667 M F −
0.5000 L + 0.2500 L

MgF2 (s) ⇌ Mg 2+ (aq) + 2 F − (aq) MgF2 (s) ⇌ Mg 2+ (aq) + 2 F − (aq)

I 0 0.250 moles 0.125 moles I 0 0.33333 M 0.1667 M
C +0.0625 moles –0.0625 moles –0.125 moles C +0.08333 mol/L –0.08333 –0.1667
End 0.0625 moles 0.1875 moles 0 End 0.08333 mol/L 0.2500 0

g 0.08333 mol MgF2

0.0625 mol (62.30 ) = 3.89 grams (0.7500 L) = 0.0625 moles
mol 1 L of solution
g
0.0625 mol (62.30 ) = 3.89 grams
mol
 Correct Answers with Reasonable Work Receive Full Credit
14
Student ID # ____________________
b) In order to establish equilibrium, a small amount of the MgF2 precipitate determined in part (a)
re-dissolves back into solution. Using the information provided above and your work from part (a),
08 calculate the mass of MgF2 (in grams) that re-dissolves. Show all work and circle your final answer.
pts Report your answer to a least 3 significant figures.

0.1875 moles Mg 2+
= 0.2500 M Mg2+
0.5000 L + 0.2500 L

MgF2 (s) ⇌ Mg 2+ (aq) + 2 F − (aq)

I’ excess 0.2500 0
C – +s +2s
E excess 0.2500+s 2s

K sp = [Mg 2+ ][F − ]2 = (0.25 + s)(2s)2 = 6.6 × 10−9

Use the method of successive approximations to solve for s:

s1 = 8.12 × 10−5 s2 = 8.12 × 10−5

s represents the solubility (in mol/L) of MgF2 in this solution.

Therefore, the amount of MgF2 that dissolves is

mol g
(8.12 × 10−5 ) (0.750 L) (62.30 ) =
L mol

3.79 × 10−3 grams MgF2

End of Exam