REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

PROVINCE OF CHIRIQUI
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA
DE CHIRIQUÍ
FACULTAD DE MEDICINA
ESCUELA DE RADIOLOGÍA

ENGLISH 100A

WEEK 3
Understanding Patient Information & Medical Records

NAME:
MARIA SUIRA

ID:
4-808-936

DATE:
15-04-2025
 UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE CHIRIQUÍ
FACULTAD DE MEDICINA
ESCUELA DE RADIOLOGÍA
WEE 4 ACTIVITIES
Understanding Patient Information & Medical Records

Understanding a Patient Medical Record

A patient medical record is a detailed and organized document that contains important health
information about a person. It begins with personal details, such as the patient's full name, date
of birth, address, and emergency contact. Next, it includes the patient's medical history, which
describes past illnesses, surgeries, hospital stays, and any chronic conditions like diabetes or
high blood pressure.

The record also shows a list of current medications, including dosage and frequency. Allergies
are always clearly marked, especially if the patient is allergic to medications like penicillin or
latex, which could cause dangerous reactions during treatment. Immunization records, such as
vaccines for tetanus or hepatitis, may also be included.

Another important part of the medical record is clinical notes written by doctors and nurses.
These notes explain the patient’s symptoms, physical examination results, and initial diagnoses.
Diagnostic test results—such as blood tests, urine tests, or stool samples—are also part of the
file.

In radiology, the medical record contains imaging reports like X-rays, CT scans, ultrasounds,
and MRIs. These reports help radiologists and doctors see inside the body and detect problems
like fractures, tumors, or internal bleeding. Imaging results are often accompanied by a written
interpretation from a specialist.

Finally, the medical record must be stored carefully and kept confidential. Only authorized
healthcare professionals can access it. Keeping the record accurate and up to date is essential
because it helps healthcare teams provide safe and effective treatment. Without a complete
medical record, patients might receive incorrect medications or improper care.

I. Skimming Activity
Task: Read the passage quickly and answer:

1. What is the main purpose of a medical record?

→ To collect and organize all important health information about a patient.

2. Who uses this record in a hospital?

→ Doctors, nurses, radiologists, and other healthcare professionals.

II. Scanning Activity

Task: Scan the text and find information to answer the questions:

1. What personal details are included in a medical record?

→ Full name, date of birth, address, and emergency contact.
2. What kind of imaging reports might be included?
→ X-rays, CT scans, ultrasounds, MRIs.

3. Who writes clinical notes in the record?

→ Doctors and nurses.

4. What are two examples of diagnostic tests?

→ Blood tests and urine tests.

5. Why must medical records be kept confidential?

→ To protect patient privacy and ensure only authorized personnel access them.

III. True or False Statements – Reading Comprehension

Instructions: Read each statement and decide if it is True (T) or False (F). Correct the false
statements.

1. A medical record includes the patient’s full name, address, and emergency contact.
→ True
2. Allergies are not important to include in a medical record.
→ False
✅ Correction: Allergies are very important to include because they help prevent
dangerous reactions.
3. Only nurses can write clinical notes in the patient’s medical record.
→ False
✅ Correction: Both doctors and nurses can write clinical notes.
4. Imaging reports like MRIs and CT scans are part of the medical record.
→ True
5. Anyone in the hospital can read a patient’s medical record.
→ False
✅ Correction: Only authorized healthcare professionals can access a patient’s medical
record.
6. A medical record helps doctors make better treatment decisions.
→ True
7. A patient’s favorite food is part of their medical record.
→ False
✅ Correction: Personal information like name and medical history is included, but not
preferences like favorite food.
8. The medical record should always be up to date.
→ True
9. Radiology images are included without any written explanation.
→ False
✅ Correction: Radiology images usually include a written interpretation from a specialist.
10. Confidentiality means that the record must be shared with the patient’s family.
→ False
✅ Correction: Confidentiality means the record is private and shared only with
authorized medical staff.

IV. Reading Comprehension Questions

1. What happens if a patient’s allergy is not in the medical record?
→ They might receive a medication that causes a dangerous reaction.

2. Why is it important for the record to be accurate and up to date?

→ To ensure the patient receives the correct diagnosis and treatment.

3. How do imaging results help doctors?

→ They help detect internal problems like fractures or tumors.

4. What can you find in a patient’s medical history?

→ Past illnesses, surgeries, and chronic conditions.

5. Who can access a patient’s medical record?

→ Only authorized healthcare professionals.

V. Homework

🎬 Home Video Assignment: Medical Records

Video Title: What is a Medical Record?
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Zbmb5OFAr0

📋 INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS:

1. Watch the video carefully at home.

2. Complete the comprehension activities below before the next class.
3. Bring your answers to class for discussion.

📚 A. Matcing Vocabulary (Write the letter of the correct match)

Match each term with its correct definition:

Term Definition

1. Medical record a. A history of diseases or health problems

2. Allergy b. A document with a patient’s health information

3. Diagnosis c. A health condition caused by something like food or medicine

4. Medical history d. The name of a disease or condition after tests

✅ Answers:
1 → __B__, 2 → __C__, 3 → __D__, 4 → __A__

📝 B. True or False (Circle T or F)

✅ Correct any false statements.

1. T / F – A medical record has the patient’s favorite color.

 2. T / F – Doctors use medical records to make good decisions.
3. T / F – Allergies are not included in the medical record.
4. T / F – Medical records include tests and images.
5. T / F – Only friends and family can read a medical record.

✏️ C. Short Answer Questions

What is a medical record?

→ A medical record is a document that has all the information about a patient’s health.

Name two things that are included in a medical record.

→ Diagnosis and allergies.

Why is it important to include allergies in a medical record?

→ Because allergies can be dangerous, and doctors need to avoid giving medicine or
treatments that could cause a bad reaction.

Who can see a patient’s medical record?

→ Only doctors, nurses, and authorized medical staff.

💬 D. Personal Reflection (Optional – In Spanish or English)

Why do you think medical records are important for your future career in radiology?

→ __Medical records are important in radiology because they allow us to understand the
patient’s medical history, allergies, and previous results. This information helps radiologists
choose the correct procedures and avoid
risks."________________________________________________________________
✅ Answer Key

📚 A. Matching Vocabulary
1 → b (Medical record → A document with a patient’s health information)
2 → c (Allergy → A health condition caused by something like food or medicine)
3 → d (Diagnosis → The name of a disease or condition after tests)
4 → a (Medical history → A history of diseases or health problems)

📝 B. True or False

1. F – A medical record does not include the patient’s favorite color.

✅ Correction: A medical record contains medical information, not personal preferences.
2. T – Doctors use medical records to make good decisions.
3. F – Allergies are included in the medical record.
✅ Correction: Allergies are important information in a medical record.
4. T – Medical records include tests and images.
5. F – Only authorized medical personnel can read a medical record, not friends and
family.
✅ Correction: Medical records are private and protected by law.

✏️ C. Short Answer Questions (Sample answers)

1. What is a medical record?

→ A medical record is a document that has all the information about a patient’s health.
2. Name two things that are included in a medical record.
→ Diagnosis and allergies (also accepted: test results, images, medical history,
treatments, etc.)
3. Why is it important to include allergies in a medical record?
→ Because allergies can be dangerous, and doctors need to avoid giving medicine or
treatments that could cause a bad reaction.
4. Who can see a patient’s medical record?
→ Only doctors, nurses, and authorized medical staff. (Also accepted: only authorized
healthcare professionals)
5. D. Personal Reflection (Optional – In Spanish or English)

💬 D. Personal Reflection (Optional – In Spanish or English)

Why do you think medical records are important for your future career in radiology?

Sample Answer (English):

→ Medical records are important in radiology because they help us understand the
patient’s medical history, allergies, and previous test results. This information helps
radiologists choose the correct procedures and avoid risks.

Sample Answer (Spanish):

→ Los expedientes médicos son importantes en radiología porque nos permiten conocer
el historial médico del paciente, sus alergias y resultados anteriores. Esta información
ayuda a los radiólogos a elegir los procedimientos correctos y evitar riesgos.
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA

DE CHIRIQUÍ

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SCHOOL OF RADIOLOGY

HOMEWORK #1

BELONGS TO:

MARIA SUIRA

ID: 4-808-936

PROFESSOR:

MARISOL BARRAZA

SUBMISSION DATE:

25.03.2025
 Homework #1

My name is María Suira, and I am 24 years old. I was born on May 4, 2000, in David.

I graduated from Beatriz Miranda de Cabal in 2018. I currently live in Los Algarrobos.

My cell phone number is 6313-7102 and my institutional email is

[email protected]. In my free time, I enjoy watching series, hiking, visiting

waterfalls, and exploring new places. My family consists of my mother, father and

two sisters.I decided to study radiology because I needed a second option, and it

seems very similar to medicine. My favorite imaging technique is fetal ultrasounds,

because it is related to babies. One radiology procedure I find interesting is

fluoroscopy because it enables doctors to see real-time movements inside the body.

In the radiology lab, I enjoy the way we can see everything without it having to be

fully invasive to the body. A famous radiologist I admire is Marie Curie because she

was the first woman to do it and made significant contributions to science, even

though she wasn’t technically a radiologist.

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA

DE CHIRIQUÍ

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SCHOOL OF RADIOLOGY

WEEK 2 ACTIVITIES

BELONGS TO:

MARIA SUIRA

ID: 4-808-936

PROFESSOR:

MARISOL BARRAZA

SUBMISSION DATE:

31.03.2025
V. Practice 1: Fix the Mistakes

Instructions: Each sentence has a mistake with the imperative form. Find and correct it.

1.​ You lie down on the table. ​ __Lie down on the table.
2.​ Don’t to move during the scan.​ Don´t move during the scan.
3.​ Please you stand up straight. ​ Please stand up straight.
4.​ Not remove your jewelry. ​ Don´t remove your jewelry.
5.​ Don’t wears shoes inside the room. Don’t wear shoes inside the room.
6.​ Please to lie down on the table. ​ Please lie down on the table.
7.​ Don’t to bring your phone into the room. Don’t bring your phone into the room.
8.​ Remove not your shoes. Don’t remove your shoes.
9.​ You don’t move during the X-ray. ​ Don´t move during the x-ray.
10.​Place your arms on the side, don’t. ​ Place your arms on the side, please.
11.​Please sitting on the chair. ​ Please sit on the chair.
12.​No move during the scan. ​ Don’t move during the scan.
13.​Please you don’t touch the machine. ​ Please don’t touch the machine.
14.​Turn off your mobile phone, do. ​ Turn off your mobile phone, please.
15.​Don’t eats before the exam. ​ Don´t eat before the exam.

Practice 2: Complete the Instructions

Instructions: Use the verbs in parentheses to complete each sentence with the correct

imperative form (affirmative or negative).

1.​ __Turn off___ your phone. (turn off)

2.​ __Listen____ to the technician. (listen)
3.​ __Don´t wear___ any jewelry. (not wear)
4.​ __Sit___ straight. (sit)
5.​ __Don´t move___ during the X-ray. (not move)
6.​ __Turn____ your head. (turn)
7.​ __Don´t breathe____ until I say. (not breathe)
8.​ __Wait____ in the waiting room. (wait)

Practice 3: Choose the Correct Verb

Word Bank:​
remove – lie – turn – breathe – stand – hold – face – wait – relax – place – follow – drink –
don’t move – get dressed – go
 1.​ Please _don´t move__ still. The image will take only a second.
2.​ _Remove__ your necklace and earrings before the scan.
3.​ _Lie____ on the table with your arms at your sides.
4.​ _Face_____ forward and look at the screen.
5.​ _Breathe____ a deep breath and _hold__ it.
6.​ _Turn___ to your right side, please.
7.​ _Place__ your things in the plastic tray.
8.​ _Wait____ here until the technician calls you.
9.​ _Relax__ your shoulders and try to stay calm.
10.​_Follow___ my instructions carefully.
11.​After the scan, you can __get dressed__ now.
12.​_Drink____ plenty of water to help clear the contrast.
13.​_Go_____ ahead. The technician will assist you.
14.​__Stand___ up straight and lift your arms.

Homework Activity 1: Create a Radiology Instruction Script

Task:

You are a radiology technician. Write a short dialogue or script (8–10 lines) giving
instructions to a patient before and during a basic X-ray exam.

Instructions:

1.​ Start with a polite greeting.

2.​ Include at least 5 instructions using the imperative form.​
(e.g., “Please remove your necklace.” / “Don’t move.”)
3.​ Use vocabulary from class (e.g., lie down, stand, hold your breath, turn off your
phone, etc.).
4.​ Finish with a polite closing or next step.
5.​ Try to make it realistic and professional.

Radiology Instruction Script:

❖​ Good morning, I’m your radiology technician. How are you today?
❖​ Please remove your shoes and place them in the tray.
❖​ Lie flat on the table, with your arms relaxed at your sides.
❖​ Don’t move during the X-ray, it will only take a moment.
❖​ Now, take a deep breath, and when I say, hold it.
❖​ Turn your head to the left, please.
❖​ Perfect, now you can sit up.
❖​ You can get dressed now, and the doctor will be with you soon.
❖​ Thank you for your patience and cooperation!
VII. Homework Activity 2: Match the following Radiology Tests with Patient
Instructions

Providing patients with clear instructions before radiology tests ensures accurate
results and their safety. Below, I have provided 8 radiology tests on the left column
and on the right column, I have provided clear patients instructions before the
radiology tests. Research and match the Test on the left to the instruction on the
right.

o Remove all jewelry and metal objects.​

1.​ Positron Emission Tomography o Inform the technologist if you are pregnant or
(PET) Scan suspect you might be.​
__4____

o Avoid eating or drinking for at least four

2.​ Bone Density Scan (DEXA) hours before the exam, especially if contrast
material will be used.​
o Inform your physician if you have allergies to
contrast agents or iodine.​
o Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing
without metal fasteners.​
___8___

o Remove all metallic items, including jewelry,

3.​ Fluoroscopy (e.g., Barium watches, and hairpins.​
Enema) o Inform the technologist if you have any metal
implants, pacemakers, or claustrophobia.​
o Follow specific dietary restrictions if
instructed, especially for abdominal or pelvic
.
___7___

o Abdominal: Refrain from eating or drinking

4. X-ray for six hours before the exam to reduce gas
and ensure clearer images.​

o Pelvic: Drink 32 ounces of water one hour

prior and avoid urinating to ensure a full
bladder, which provides better imaging.​
__6____
5.​ Mammography o Avoid eating or drinking (except water) for
six hours before the scan.​

o Limit sugar and caffeine intake 24 hours

prior.​

o Inform the technologist if you have diabetes,

as special preparations may be necessary.​

__1____

6.​ Ultrasound o Avoid using deodorants, perfumes, powders,

or lotions under the arms or on the breasts
on the day of the exam, as these can
appear on the mammogram.​

o Schedule the exam when breasts are least

tender, typically one week after
menstruation.​

o Bring previous images for comparison if they

were done at a different facility.​

__5____

7.​ Magnetic Resonance Imaging o Avoid taking calcium supplements for at

(MRI) least 24 hours before the exam.​

o Wear loose clothing without metal zippers,

belts, or buttons.​

o Inform your physician if you've recently had

a barium exam or contrast material
injection.​

__2____
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan o Follow a clear liquid diet 24 hours before
the exam.​

o Use prescribed laxatives or enemas to

clear the bowel as instructed.​

o Refrain from eating or drinking after

midnight before the procedure.

__3____
 REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

PROVINCE OF CHIRIQUI

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE CHIRIQUÍ

FACULTAD DE MEDICINA

ESCUELA DE RADIOLOGÍA

ENGLISH 100A

WEEK 3 ACTIVITIES

GIVING BASIC INSTRUCTIONS TO PATIENTS

NAME: MARIA SUIRA

ID: 4-808-936

DATE: 08-04-2025
 UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE CHIRIQUÍ
FACULTAD DE MEDICINA
ESCUELA DE RADIOLOGÍA
WEEK 3 ACTIVITIES
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND ROOM SETUP

Lesson Objective:

Students will be able to:

● Identify and describe basic radiology equipment and room setup.

● Practice skimming and scanning strategies to extract relevant information from a short
text.
● Use vocabulary related to radiology tools and room layout.

Reading: “A Basic Radiology Room Setup”

I. Skimming Activity

Instructions:
Read the text below quickly. You have 3 minutes to skim it. Focus on understanding the main
idea, not every word.

A Basic Radiology Room Setup

A radiology room is designed to ensure safety and efficiency during imaging procedures. The X-
ray machine is the main piece of equipment, positioned near the examination table. Patients lie
on the table during imaging. The control panel, operated by the radiologic technologist, is located
behind a protective barrier. On the walls, lead aprons are stored for patient and staff protection.
Radiation warning signs are clearly posted to alert individuals when an X-ray is being taken. Wall-
mounted equipment and an imaging plate holder are also commonly found in the room. Each item
plays a vital role in ensuring accurate images and patient safety.

Skimming Questions (Main Idea Focus)

1. What is the general topic of the text?

o a) Medical careers
o b) Equipment in a radiology room
 o c) How to take an X-ray
o d) Patient safety rules
2. What is the main purpose of a radiology room?
o a) To clean medical tools
o b) To talk with patients
o c) To perform safe and accurate imaging
o d) To teach new doctors
3. What kinds of things are mentioned in the text?
o a) Doctors’ salaries and training
o b) Radiology software
o c) Equipment and safety items
o d) Hospital cafeteria food

II. Scanning Activity: A Basic Radiology Room Setup

Instructions:
Read the text again, but this time look for specific information. You don’t need to read every
word—just scan the text to find the answers to the questions.

1. What is the main piece of equipment in a radiology room?

- The X-ray machine.
2. Where do patients lie during imaging?
- On the examination table.
3. Who operates the control panel?
- The radiologic technologist.
4. Where is the control panel located?
- Behind a protective barrier.
5. What protective item is stored on the walls?
- Lead aprons.
6. What signs are used to alert people during imaging?
- Radiation warning signs.
7. What two items are also commonly found in the room (besides the main
equipment)?
- Wall-mounted equipment and an imaging plate holder.

Instructions:

Read the text carefully one more time. Then answer the following questions in complete
sentences.

1. Why is a radiology room carefully designed?

A radiology room is carefully designed to keep radiation safely contained.

2. What is the purpose of the examination table?

The purpose of the examination table is to properly position and support the patient during
imaging so that high-quality diagnostic images can be obtained.

3. What role does the radiologic technologist play during imaging?

The radiologic technologist operate the equipment and ensure safety.

4. How does the protective barrier help the technologist?

The protective barrier keeps the technologist safe from radiation exposure.
5. What is the function of the lead aprons?
The lead aprons protect both patients and staff from radiation exposure.

6. Why are radiation warning signs important?

Radiation warning signs are important because they alert individuals when an X-ray is being
taken, ensuring safety.

7. According to the text, how does the equipment in the room help with patient safety?
According to the text, the equipment in the room helps with patient safety by ensuring accurate
imaging and protecting individuals from unnecessary radiation.

8. Do you think all of this equipment is necessary? Why or why not?

Yes, all of this equipment is necessary because each item plays a vital role in protecting
patients and staff while ensuring accurate and efficient imaging.

III. Vocabulary List: Describing a Radiology Room Setup

Instructions:

Complete the following chart. Column 1 contains each piece of radiology equipment
and Safety-Related Terms . In column 2, you must complete with its function and
purpose from Part A. In column 3, you must provide the Spanish equivalent of the
equipment.

RADIOLOGY FUNCTION SPANISH EQUIVALENT

EQUIPMENT/SAFETY-
RELATED TERMS
X-ray Machine The main device used to Máquina de rayos X
capture X-ray images of
the body.
Examination Table Provides a stable surface Mesa de examen
for patients during imaging
procedures.

Control Panel The console used by the Panel de control

technologist to operate and
adjust the X-ray machine
settings.
Imaging Plate The surface or sensor that Placa de imagen
captures the X-ray image.

Wall-Mounted Equipment Devices fixed to the wall Equipos de montaje en la

for easy access and pared
convenience.

Lead Apron Protective gear worn by Delantal de plomo

patients or staff to block
radiation exposure.

Protective Barrier A shield or wall that Barrera de protección

protects the operator from
radiation exposure during
procedures

Radiation Warning Sign A posted sign indicating Señal de advertencia de

that radiation is currently in radiación
use in the area.

Monitor/Screen Used to view and analyze Monitor/ Pantalla

the captured X-ray images.

Lights Often ceiling-mounted, Luces

these provide clear
visibility during
examinations.

Radiation Energy used in imaging; Radiación

requires safety measures.

Exposure Contact with radiation Exposición

(minimized for safety).

Shielding Blindaje
Protective measures or
objects that block radiation
Warning sign Alerts people that a scan is Señal de advertencia
in progress

Safety protocol Steps followed to protect Protocolo de seguridad

people in the room.
Part A: Functions/Purpose

1. Contact with radiation (minimized for safety).

2. Often ceiling-mounted, these provide clear visibility during examinations.
3. A posted sign indicating that radiation is currently in use in the area.
4. Steps followed to protect people in the room.
5. The main device used to capture X-ray images of the body.
6. Devices fixed to the wall for easy access and convenience.
7. Alerts people that a scan is in progress.
8. The console used by the technologist to operate and adjust the X-ray machine settings.
9. A shield or wall that protects the operator from radiation exposure during procedures.
10. Protective measures or objects that block radiation.
11. Protective gear worn by patients or staff to block radiation exposure.
12. Energy used in imaging; requires safety measures.
13. Used to view and analyze the captured X-ray images.
14. Provides a stable surface for patients during imaging procedures.
15. The surface or sensor that captures the X-ray image.

IV. HOMEWORK:

Watch the video: "Radiology Basic Equipment". This video offers an overview of
fundamental equipment used in radiology rooms, which should complement your studies on
medical equipment and room setup.

You can watch the video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-633zoLcHHo

This video will help reinforce the vocabulary and concepts discussed in class.

● After Watching the Video Activity

Instructions: Answer the following questions:

1. List all the equipment discussed in the video and briefly describe their
functions.

1. X-ray Machine: This is the primary device used to generate X-rays for imaging internal
structures of the body. It consists of an X-ray tube that emits radiation and a detector or
film to capture the resulting images.
2. Control Panel: This panel allows the radiologic technologist to adjust settings such as
exposure time, voltage, and current to obtain optimal image quality while minimizing
radiation dose to the patient.
3. Examination Table: A movable table where the patient lies during the imaging
procedure. It can be adjusted in height and position to ensure proper alignment with the
X-ray beam.
4. Protective Lead Shields: These include lead aprons and thyroid shields worn by
patients and staff to protect specific body parts from unnecessary radiation exposure
during procedures.
5. Image Receptor: This device captures the X-rays that pass through the patient's body to
create an image. It can be a traditional film cassette or a digital detector, depending on
the system used.
6. Grid: Placed between the patient and the image receptor, the grid helps to reduce
scattered radiation, thereby improving image contrast and quality.
 7. Protective Barrier: A shielded area, often with a leaded glass window, where the
technologist can stand safely while operating the X-ray machine and observing the
patient during exposure.
8. Radiation Warning Signs: Posted signs that alert individuals to the presence of
radiation in the area, ensuring that proper precautions are taken to avoid unnecessary
exposure.

2. Explain the importance of the protective barrier in a radiology room.

Protective barriers in radiology rooms are essential for safeguarding healthcare personnel from
ionizing radiation exposure. These barriers, often constructed with lead-lined materials,
effectively attenuate radiation, ensuring that scattered and direct radiation do not pose health
risks to staff members. By providing a shielded area, protective barriers allow technologists to
operate imaging equipment safely while maintaining visual contact with patients.

3. How does the control panel contribute to the imaging process?

The control panel serves as the central interface for radiologic technologists to operate X-ray
equipment. It allows for precise adjustment of exposure parameters such as voltage (kVp),
current (mA), and exposure time, which are critical for obtaining high-quality diagnostic images.
Proper manipulation of these settings ensures optimal image contrast and resolution while
minimizing radiation dose to the patient.