PRACTICE 3

PART ONE: PHONOLOGY

Pick out the word whose bold part is pronounced differently from those of the others.
1. A. danger B. eager C. dagger D.lager
2. A. comb B. plumb C. climb D. disturb
3. A. dead B.bead C. thread D. bread
4. A. garlic B. garden C. garage D. garbage
5. A. host B. cost C. post D. most
6. A. seize B. neigh C. beige D. reign
7. A. Honour B. honest C.honey D. heir
8. A. germ B. gesture C. gene D. gear
9. A. shortage B. collage C. carriage D. manage
10. A. soul B. boulder C. foul D. shoulder

PART TWO: VOCABULARY

A.Circle the letter of the answer which best completes each sentence.
1.At the end of the winter the price of winter clothes in the shops usually. A. drop B. lowers C. sinks D. reduces
2.Have you got time to discuss your work now or are you to leave.
A. thinking B. planned C. around D. about
3.Dinner will be ready soon. Can you please the table?
A. lay B. settle C. make D. put
4.There was no in waiting longer than half an hour so we left.
A. good B. point C. worth D. use
5.The question of late payment of bill was again at the board meeting.
A. risen B. raised C. brought D. taken
1.Their washing - machine was out of ,so they couldn’t wash any clothes.
A. activity B. work C. order D. condition
2.His wife’s death was a terrible shock and it took him a long time to it.
A. get round B. come through C. go over D. get over
3.If you want a good flat in London, you have to pay through the for it.
A. month B. car C. nose D. teeth
4.Mr. Jones has painting sine he retired.
A. taken up B. taken of C. taken over D. taken in
5. Modem buildings should with the surrounding area.
A. suit B. fit C. blend D. join
6.He lives a(n) throw from the station.
A. stone’s B. stick’s C. arrow’s D. apple’s
7. She did six hours’ studying a day for her exam.
A. solid B. heavy C. strong D. big
8.Don’t forget to the alarm clock for six o’clock tomorrow morning.
A. put B. ring C. set D. wind
6. There was nothing special about his clothes from his flowery tie.
A. but B. except C. other D. apart
7. She went a bad cold just before Christmas.
A. down with B. in for C. over D. through
10.1n the old days, people believed that the world was flat and ships would fall off the .
A. boundary B. edge C. border D. limit
9.Who was the first person the South pole?
A. reaching B. who reaches C. to reach D. reached
18.He missed the lecture, so I lent him my notes .
A.after B. afterwards C. at last D. finally
19.The exam in January prepared pupils for the real thing in June.
A.false B. unreal C. untrue D. mock
20.His name was on the of my tongue, but I just couldn’t remember it.
A. end B. point C. edge D. tip
II. Supply the correct form of the words in parentheses.
1. Tom spoke because he was so excited. (BREATH)
2. It is to write by hand instead of using a computer. (EFFICIENCY)
3. Scientists about the centre of the earth, but they can’t know for sure. (THEORY)
4. The plane got in an hour ago, but Mr. Smith hasn’t called he wasn’t on it. (APPEAR)
5. Scientists consider it that gods create volcanic eruptions. (BELIEVE)
6. He was a adventurous person. There is no question about it. (DECIDE)
7. There was a of coffee because thousands of coffee trees in Brazil froze. (SHORT)
8. Barbara is very about birds. She knows a lot about them. (KNOW)
9. Two hijacked an airplane and made the pilot fly to Paris. (TERRIFY)
10. Frank told everyone that he worked for a large company, bat the company is . (EXIT)
PART THREE: GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES
I. Complete these sentences so that the meaning is similar to the first sentence.
1.If you want good accommodation in Brighton, you should book in advance.
If you want good accommodation in Brighton, it .
2.We only send you books after receiving the money.
Only after the money .
3.He was annoyed because his secretary came to work late.
He objected .
4.James spoke to his lawyer before signing the contract.
James didn’t .
5.It is your duty to make tea at eleven o’clock.
You .
6.The car was loo expensive for him.
He .
7.The passengers don’t realize how lucky they have been.
Little .
8.She doesn’t pass exams. She fails and this depresses her.
Her .
9.The management didn’t act soon enough to prevent the strike.
Had .
10.They recommended opening new factories in the depressed area.
They recommended that .
II. Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that the meaning isn’t changed, using the words given in
parentheses.
1. Could you look after my suitcase for a moment? (EYE)

2. He’s a taxi driver, so he is thoroughly familiar with the city. (HAND)

3. I don’t like him because he boasts a lot. (MOUTH)

4. If she ever learns about this news, she’ll be furious. (EARS)

5. There’s a very long list of repairs. (ARM)

PART FOUR: READING COMPREHENSION

I. Fill in each numbered blank with one appropriate preposition.
No one knows who invented pencils or when it happened. A Swiss described a pencil in a book in 1565. He said it
was a piece of wood (1) lead (2) it. (Lead is a very heavy metal).
Pencils weren’t popular, and people continued to write (3) pens. They used bird feathers (4)
pens.
Then in 1795 someone started making pencils (5) graphite and they became very popular. Graphite
is a kind of coal. (Coal is black, and we burn it (6) heat and energy). Today people make pencils (7)
the same way. They grind the graphite, make it (8) the shape (9) a stick, and bake it. Then they
put it (10) a piece of wood. One pencil can write 50,000 English words or make a line 55 kilometers long.
People wrote (11) feather pens and then used pens (12) metal points. They had to dip the point
(13) ink (14) every few letters. Next someone invented a fountain pen that could hold ink (15) it. A
fountain pen can write several pages before you have to fill it again.
II. Fill in each numbered space with one suitable word.
(1) a long bitter struggle, women now enjoy the (2) education opportunities as in most
parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior (3) men on almost every field.
The hard - fought battle for recognition has (4) won, but it is by (5) means over. It’s men, not women
who still carry on the sex war because (6) attitude remains basically hostile. (7) in the most progressive
countries, women continue to be regarded as second - rate citizens.
Woman have (8) in any job you care to name. (9) politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory - hands,
university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus - conductors, scientists (10) presidents of countries
they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in
addition to (11) and rearing children. Yet men go (12) maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs
women can’t (13) . They say women are unreliable and irrational. They depend too little on cool reasoning and
too much on intuition and instinct to (14) at decisions. They are not even capable (15) thinking
clearly.
III. Read the texts and answer the questions which follow them.
A.
Modem zoos are different from zoos that were built fifty years ago. At that time, zoos were places where people
could go to see animals from many parts of the world. The animals lived in cages that were made of concrete with iron
bars, cages that were easy to keep clean. Unfortunately for the animals, the cages were small and impossible to hide in.
The zoo environment was anything but natural. Although the zoo keepers took good care of the animals and fed them
well, many of the animals did not thrive; they behaved in strange ways, and they often became ill.
In modem zoos, people can see animals in more natural habitats. The animals arc given more freedom in larger areas
so that they can live more as they would in nature. Even the appearance of zoos has changed. Trees and grass grow in
the cages, and streams of water fiow through the areas that the animals live in. There are few bars; instead, there is often
only a deep ditch, filled with water, which is called a moat. The moat surrounds an area where several species of animals
live together as they would naturally. For example, in the San Diego Zoo, the visitor can walk through a huge special
cage that is filled with trees, some small animals and many birds. This particular kind of cage is called an aviary; it is
large enough that the birds can live naturally. The birds in the aviary fly around, make nests in the trees, and hunt for
food. Al the Zoological Park in New York City, because of special night lights, people can ohserve nocturnal animals
that most people have never seen; these animals are active only at night, when most zoos are closed. In a zoo like the
Arizona- Sonora Desert Museum, people can see animals that live in special environments like the desert. Some other
 zoos have special places for visitors to watch animals that live under water like fish. Still other zoos have special places
for animals that live in cold polar surroundings like the great white bear from the Arctic region.
Modem zoos only display animals for visitors, but they also preserve and save endangered species. Endangered
animals such as the American bald eagle and bison are now living and producing offspring in zoos. For this reason, fifty
years from now the grandchildren of today’s visitors will still be able to enjoy watching these animals.
After you read each of the statements in this exercise, decide whether each one is true or false according to the text.
1. Animals in modem zoos have more freedom than animals did fifty years ago.
2. Fifty years ago, the zoo keepers did not feed the animals well.
3. The American hald eagle is an extinct animal.
4. Animals from polar environments are never kept in zoos.
5. In modern zoos, many of the iron bars have been replaced by moats.
B.
Before history was written, people needed to search for food. Perhaps it was then that family divided up the work.
The males, who can throw and run better than woman, hecame the hunters. The females stayed at home to take care of
the children and to gather food from nature. No one knows how, but slowly human beings became able to control their
food sources.
The first animals were tamed. Perhaps human being chose a friend like the dog first, or maybe the dog chose human
beings. Or perhaps someone thought of domesticating a source of food first. An egg-producing bird like a chicken or
duck might have been the first to be tamed. On the other hand, someone might have thought of domesticating a producer
of milk like a goat.
When was the first land cleared for agriculture? How did it happen? We can only guess. Perhaps as women were
gathering nuts or berries, they cleared away the thorny branches because it would be easier to collect the fruits. They
were really clearing a field. There is another possible explanation of how farming started; it might have been an
accident. Perhaps a container of grass seeds spilled in an open area. The next season that open area flowered as a wheat
field. Someone might have remembered the accident and repeated it on purpose.
Someone else might have noticed another natural crop and copied it. For example, wild rice grows along the edges
of rivers. Il is easy to gather the crop. Someone might have planned another crop so that it would be easy to harvest.
We can never know how farming started. In the days before history was written, there were unlimited ways to
improve. Human beings also had many reasons to look for better ways of getting food. There were many children to
feed, and agriculture was an easier way to stay alive.
Question
1. Which is the main idea of paragraph 1?
A. Women do not run as well as men can.
B. Children had to gather food near their homes.
C. People learned to control food sources before history was written.
D. People had lo search for food before they could learn to write.
2. Which does paragraph 2 focus on?
A. the dog as a useful animal C. taming animals
B. which birds produce eggs D. goal milk
3. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that agriculture probably started because...
A. grass seeds grow into wheat.