Shri Vithal Education & Research Institutes

College of Engineering Pandharpur

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

Unit 1: Introduction
Q. Questions Marks CO BL PI
No.
1.​ Explain the basic block diagram of the 6 ET324.1 2 1.2.1
Optical communication system & compare 1.3.1
it with the general communication system.
2.​ What are the different types of Optical 6 ET324.1 2 1.2.1
Fibers explain and compare. 1.3.1
3.​ What are the advantages and disadvantages 6 ET324.1 2 1.2.1
of Optical communication system 1.3.1
4.​ With ray theory of light ,explain the basic 6 ET324.1 2 1.2.1
working principle of Optical Fiber 1.3.1
5.​ Explain how the dispersion is reduced in 6 ET324.1 2 1.2.1
the graded index Fiber.
6.​ Explain applications of Optical Fiber. 6 ET324.1 2 1.3.1
7.​ Define relative refractive index difference 4 ET324.1 2 1.2.1
for an Optical Fiber and show how it may 1.4.1
be related to the numerical aperture.
8.​ An Optical Fiber has a numerical aperture 6 ET324.1 2 2.1.2
of 0.20 and a cladding refractive index of 2.1.3
1.59.Determine
i) The acceptance angle for the Fiber in
water which has a refractive index of 1.33.
ii) The critical angle at the core-cladding
interface.
9.​ A step index Fiber in air has a numerical 8 ET324.1 2 2.1.2
aperture of 0.16, a core refractive index of 2.1.3
1.45 and a core diameter of 60 µm.
Determine the normalized frequency for
the Fiber when light at a wavelength of 0.9
µm is transmitted. Further, estimate the
number of guided modes propagating in
the Fiber.
10.​ A graded index Fiber with a parabolic 8 ET324.1 2 2.1.2
refractive index profile core has a 2.1.3
refractive index at the core axis of 1.5 and
a relative index difference of 1%. Estimate
the maximum possible core diameter
which allows single-mode operation at a
wavelength of 1.3 micrometer.
11.​ Derive the expression for NA & show how 6 ET324.1 2 2.1.2
it is related to Relative RI difference. 2.1.3
 Shri Vithal Education & Research Institutes
College of Engineering Pandharpur

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

Unit 2: Transmission Characteristics of Optical Fibers and Optical Joints

Q. Questions Marks CO BL PI
No.
1.​ Define Attenuation. What are the different 6 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
reasons for attenuation?
2.​ Compare the dispersion in different types 6 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
of the Optical Fibers. 3.3.1
3.​ What are the different scattering losses in 8 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
Optical Fiber? 2.3.1
4.​ Briefly write about intermodal dispersion 4 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
occurred in the Optical Fiber. 3.3.1
5.​ Explain the dispersion in step index Fiber. 4 ET324.2 3 2.4.3
6.​ What are the different types of losses in 6 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
the Optical Fibers? 3.3.1
2.4.1
7.​ Explain the absorption losses in Optical 6 ET324.2 3 2.4.3
Fiber.
8.​ What is intermodal dispersion? Explain 6 ET324.2 3 2.4.3
briefly. 2.4.1
9.​ A long single-mode Optical Fiber has an 8 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
attenuation of 0.5dBkm-1 when operating at 2.43
a wavelength of 1.3 µm. The Fiber core 2.4.4
diameter is 6µm and the LASER source
bandwidth is 600 MHz. Compare the
threshold Optical powers for stimulated
Brillouin and Raman scattering within the
Fiber at the wavelength specified.
10.​ A 15Km Optical Fiber link uses Fiber with 4 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
a loss of 1.5 db/Km.The Fiber is joined 2.43
every kilometer with connectors which 2.4.4
give an attenuation of 0.8 dB each.
Determine the minimum mean Optical
power which must be launched into the
Fiber in order to maintain a mean Optical
power level of 0.3 µW at the detector.
11.​ Explain optical fiber alignment & joint 4 ET324.2 3 3.1.5
loss. 4.1.3
12.​ Explain optical splices. 8 ET324.2 3 3.1.5
4.1.3
13.​ When the mean Optical power launched 8 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
into an 8 km length of Fiber is 120 µW, 2.43
the mean Optical power at the Fiber output 2.4.4
is 3 µW.
Determine:
 Shri Vithal Education & Research Institutes
College of Engineering Pandharpur

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

(a) the overall signal attenuation or loss in

decibels through the Fiber assuming there
are no connectors or splices;
(b) the signal attenuation per kilometer for
the Fiber.
(c) the overall signal attenuation for a 10
km Optical link using the same Fiber with
splices at 1 km intervals, each giving an
attenuation of 1 dB;
(d) the numerical input/output power ratio
in (c).
14.​ A multimode step index Fiber has a 8 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
relative refractive index difference of 1% 2.43
and a core refractive index of 1.5. The 2.4.4
number of modes propagating at a
wavelength of 1.3 µm is 1100. Estimate
the diameter of the Fiber core.
15.​ A silica multimode step index Fiber has a 6 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
core refractive index of 1.46. Determine 2.43
the Optical loss in decibels due to Fresnel 2.4.4
reflection at a Fiber joint with:
(a) a small air gap;
(b) An index-matching epoxy which has a
refractive index of 1.40.
16.​ What are different types of optical 4 ET324.2 3 3.1.5
couplers, explain. 3.1.3
17.​ The mean Optical power launched into an 4 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
Optical Fiber link is 1.5 mW and the Fiber 2.43
has an attenuation of 0.5 dB km-1. 2.4.4
Determine the maximum possible link
length without repeaters (assuming lossless
connectors) when the minimum mean
Optical power level required at the
detector is 2 µW.
18.​ A 6 km Optical link consists of multimode 8 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
step index Fiber with a core refractive 2.43
index of 1.5 and a relative refractive index 2.4.4
difference of 1%. Estimate:
(a) the maximum bit rate that May be
obtained without substantial errors on the
link assuming only intermodal dispersion;
(b) the bandwidth–length product
corresponding to (a).
19.​ The numerical input/output mean Optical 6 ET324.2 3 2.4.1
power ratio in a 1 km length of Optical 2.43
Fiber is found to be 2.5. Calculate the 2.4.4
received mean Optical power when a mean
Optical power of 1 mW is launched into a
5 km length of the Fiber (assuming no
joints or connectors).
 Shri Vithal Education & Research Institutes
College of Engineering Pandharpur

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

Unit 3: Optical Sources

Q. No. Questions Marks CO BL PI

1.​ Explain the basic working principle of 6 ET324.3 3 1.2.1
the LASER. 2.1.1
2.​ What are the commonly used Optical 8 ET324.3 3 2.1.1
sources in Optical communication? 2.1.2
What are the major requirements for the 3.3.1
Optical Fiber emitter?
3.​ With suitable energy state diagrams 8 ET324.3 3 1.2.1
explain working of the LASER. 2.1.1
4.​ Explain the structure of the 6 ET324.3 3 1.2.1
semiconductor injection LASER. 2.1.1
Explain its characteristics.
5.​ Explain in detail semiconductor 4 ET324.3 3 1.2.1
injection LASER. 2.1.1
6.​ With suitable diagrams explain the 8 ET324.3 3 1.2.1
construction and working of stripe 2.1.1
geometry injection LASER.
7.​ What are the advantages and 4 ET324.3 3 1.2.1
disadvantages of the LED? 2.1.1
2.1.2
8.​ Explain the different characteristics of 8 ET324.3 3 1.2.1
the LED. 2.1.1
2.1.2
9.​ Explain Surface emitting LED with its 6 ET324.3 3 1.2.1
advantages. 2.1.1
2.1.2
10.​ What are the different types of the 6 ET324.3 3 1.2.1
LED’s? Explain any one type. 2.1.1
11.​ Explain the different types of the LEDs 6 ET324.3 3 1.2.1
and compare them. 2.1.1
2.1.2
12.​ What are the different characteristics of 6 ET324.3 3 1.2.1
LEDs? Compare LED and LASER 2.1.1
characteristics. 2.1.2
13.​ Compare the electrical and Optical 6 ET324.3 3 2.1.1
bandwidths for Optical Fiber 2.1.2
communication systems and develop a 2.2.4
relationship between them.
14.​ A DH surface emitter which has an 8 ET324.3 3 1.4.1
emission area diameter of 5µm is butt 2.1.1
jointed to an 80 µm core step index 2.1.3
Fiber with a numerical aperture of
0.15.the device has a radiance of 30
 Shri Vithal Education & Research Institutes
College of Engineering Pandharpur

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

Wsr-1cm-2 at a constant operating device

current. Estimate the Optical power
coupled into Fiber if it is assumed that
the Fresnel reflection coefficient at the
index matched Fiber surface is 0.01.
15.​ The radioactive and nonradioactive 8 ET324.3 3 1.4.1
recombination lifetimes of the minority 2.1.1
carriers in the active region of a 2.1.3
double-heterojunction LED are 60 ns
and 100 ns respectively. Determine the
total carrier recombination lifetime and
the power internally generated within
the device when the peak emission
wavelength is 0.87 µm at a drive
current of 40 ma.
 Shri Vithal Education & Research Institutes
College of Engineering Pandharpur

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

Unit 4: Optical Detectors

Q. No. Questions Marks CO BL PI

1.​ Explain working of PN and PIN 6 ET324.3 3 1.3.1
photodiodes. 2.3.1
2..4.3
2.​ Explain the properties of Photo 6 ET324.3 3 2.3.1
detectors. 2.4.3
3.1.4
3.​ Explain the benefits and the 4 ET324.3 3 2.4.3
drawbacks of the avalanche 1.3.1
photodiode. 2.1.2
4.​ Explain the principle of working 4 ET324.3 3 2.3.1
of optical detectors. 2.4.3
3.1.4
5.​ Explain in detail the concept of a 4 ET324.3 3 2.3.1
phototransistor. 2.4.3
3.1.4
6.​ Explain the following terms- 8 ET324.3 3 2.1.2
a) Quantum efficiency 2.3.1
b) Responsivity 2.4.3
c)Long wavelength cutoff
d)absorption coefficient.
7.​ A PN photodiode has a quantum 8 ET324.3 3 2.1.3
efficiency of 60 % at a 2.3.1
wavelength of 0.9 µm. Calculate 3.1.5
: i) Its responsivity at 0.9 µm
ii) Received Optical power if
mean photocurrent is 10-6 A.
iii) Corresponding number of
received photon at this
wavelength
8.​ What are the requirements of the 4 ET324.3 2.3.1
Optical detectors? 3 2.4.3
3.1.4
1.2.1
9.​ Explain working of PN and PIN 6 ET324.3 3 1.3.1
photodiodes. 2.3.1
2..4.3
10.​ A n-p-n InGaAsP/InP hetero 8 ET324.3 3 2.1.3
junction phototransistor has a 2.3.1
collector current of 154 mA 3.1.5
when the incident Optical power
at a wavelength of 1.26 µm is
125 µW. Estimate:
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OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

(a) the Optical gain of the device

under the above operating
conditions;
(b) The common emitter current
gain if the quantum efficiency of
the base–collector photodiode at
a wavelength of 1.26 µm is 40%.
11.​ A Phototransistor has a collector 8 ET324.3 3 2.1.3
current of 15 mA when the 2.3.1
incident Optical power at a 3.1.5
wavelength of 1.26 µm is 125
µW. Estimate the Optical gain of
the device under the above
conditions.
12.​ GA As has a bandgap energy of 4 ET324.3 3 2.1.3
1.43 eV at 300 K. Determine the 2.3.1
wavelength above which an 3.1.5
intrinsic photodetector fabricated
from this material will cease to
operate.
13.​ A photodiode has a quantum 8 ET324.3 3 2.1.3
efficiency of 65% when photons 2.3.1
of energy 1.5x10-19 J are incident 3.1.5
upon it. (a) At what
wavelength is the photodiode
operating?
(b) Calculate the incident Optical
power required to obtain a
photocurrent of 2.5 µA when the
photodiode is operating as
described above.
 Shri Vithal Education & Research Institutes
College of Engineering Pandharpur

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

Unit 5: Optical Network

Q. Questions Marks CO BL PI
No.
1.​ Explain the concept of FDDI. 4 ET324.4 3 1.4.1
1.3.1
2.1.2
2.​ Explain the ring topologies used in 6 ET324.4 3 1.4.1
SONET. 1.3.1
2.1.2
3.​ Explain the architecture and applications 6 ET324.4 3 1.4.1
of SONET/SDH. 1.3.1
2.1.2
4.​ Explain Optical Network Terminology. 6 ET324.4 3 1.4.1
1.3.1
2.1.2
5.​ Write a short note on optical Ethernet. 6 ET324.4 3 1.4.1
1.3.1
6.​ Define data bus and explain the different 4 ET324.4 3 1.4.1
configurations of data buses. 1.3.1
2.1.2
 Shri Vithal Education & Research Institutes
College of Engineering Pandharpur

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

Unit 6 Fiber Optical Communication Systems

Q. Questions Marks CO BL PI
No.
1.​ Explain the transmitter 4 ET324.5 2 4.2.1
design in detail. 4.1.1
4.1.3
3.4.1
2.​ Explain the concept of 4 ET324.5 2 4.1.1
the Optical time 4.1.2
division multiplexing.
3.​ Explain the concept of 4 ET324.5 2 4.1.1
wavelength division 4.1.2
multiplexing &
DWDM.
4.​ Explain the Optical 4 ET324.5 2 4.2.1
link design. 4.1.1
4.1.3
3.4.1
5.​ Explain the parameters 4 ET324.5 2 3.4.1
introducing noise in 4.1.1
the Optical receiver. 4.1.3
6.​ Draw the noise 6 ET324.5 2 2.1.3
equivalent circuit for 2.4.3
the Optical receiver 3.3.1
and explain the
parameters responsible
for the noise.