LORD JEGANATH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

YEAR –II

KARTHIKA.M

AUT2022104007

TITLE : SMART HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT
Energy management system for efficient load management is presented in this paper. Proposed method consists of
the two main parts. One is the energy management center (EMC) consisting of graphical user interface. EMC shows
the runtime data and also maintains the data log for the user along with control of the appliances. Second part of the
method is load scheduling which is performed using the single knapsack problem. Results of the EMC are shown
using LABVIEW while MATLAB simulations are used to show the results of load scheduling. Hardware model is
implemented using human machine interface (HMI). HMI consists of PIC18f4520 of microchip family and zigbee
transceiver of MC12311 by Freescale. The microcontroller interface with the zigbee transceiver is on standard
RS232 interface.
INDEX TERMS—Smart Grid, Energy Management, Zigbee.

1. INTRODUCTION

Installation of new generating units, especially thermal power plants, to meet ever increasing demand of
electricity has threatened our environmental sustainability along with the increasing cost of electricity. This steep
increase in demand of electricity has posed a serious challenge to electricity distribution systems and most of utility
companies have to follow a trend of load shedding; is the art of managing the load demand by shedding it in critical
situations where demand is increased than total generation to avoid system failure or major breakdown. Common
practice is to trip feeders originating from a substation. Integration of renewable energy resources and application of
efficient load management schemes will avoid the blackout caused by the conventional load shedding. Load
management scheme deals with demand side management operated by utility or energy management system run by
consumer.
Electricity distribution system in Pakistan faces a lot of technical, financial and managerial problems. Aging
infrastructure and inability of utilities to meet the demand have increased the severity of the problems. Recent
developments in information technology may help in overcoming these problems. Concept of smart grid with energy
management system may help to overcome problem of peak demand. Smart grid for power system refers to
electricity networks that incorporate requirements and actions of all stake holders to provide reliable, cheap and safe
electricity supplies [1]. The utilities around the globe are working hard for realization of dream of smart grid a
reality. Smart grid refers to integrating the latest information, communication, control and digital technologies to the
current grid system.
Smart grid enables utility and user to operate their load management schemes. Dynamic pricing is a key
component of load management schemes in which utilities create time varying rate structure [12, 14, 15]. Consumer
has given more responsibility to manage his appliances in accordance to time of use rates. Different techniques have
been introduced for reducing residential cost either reducing power consumption or by shifting load to off peak
times [19]. Proposed method in this paper does not reduce power consumption of user but shifts the load to cheaper
times when it is possible using dynamic programming load scheduling. There are several ways of dynamic pricing
and some of these are listed as following [2].
 Time pricing, a variable is established for peak hour, shoulder and off-peak pricing
 Real-time pricing based on market demand which allows change of pricing on hourly basis
 Hybrid of above two is called variable peak pricing and it forms variable pricing
This paper presents energy management system by providing an optimized solution to monitor and control his
appliances through user friendly software developed in LABVIEW and based upon the appliances network input.
Goal of this research is to optimize the scheduling time of appliances to reduce power consumption and electricity
bill by shifting load to off time [16]. Proposed model contains hardware and GUI (Graphical User Interface) for
users to view their consumption and manage load accordingly.
 2.RELATED WORK

Smart power management system for smart grid system is presented in [3] consisting of five single steps: smart
power system modeling, monitoring, database collection and management, grid condition check & maintenance and
smart grid power system fault analysis. Smart power management system makes use of engineering data and
provides a visualization which is to be effective in smart grid system.
In [4] a system for demand side management with a hardware solution for laboratory demonstration is
proposed. Load of the consumer is divided into three categories: very critical, critical and non-critical. Power to the
loads is fed through the microcontroller which is installed at home. System is proposed to control the load from the
substation containing iPac 9302 single board computer and micro controller in the consumer premises using Zigbee
technology
i.e. IEEE 802.15.4 standard communication protocol. The method proposed does not take priorities from consumer
as the load is controlled from substation on the bases of optimum load management and the critical conditions.
In [5] a system is proposed for scheduling home appliances using mix integer linear programming to shift load
to off peaks for reducing electricity cost. Peak power consumption and operational characteristics of smart
appliances which can be controlled by power signal profile. Optimal profile minimizes the consumption and reduces
the cost.
[6] Presents a model for electricity load management in smart home control. The given control method consists
of three parts for electrical load management: user must define the load type which is load definition, control of
standby loads and usage of informative panel for load management.
Shaalan et al proposed a system of dynamic pricing using multiple knapsack method [7]. Consumer appliances
are scheduled on a day ahead variable peak pricing to reduce electricity cost. Several other algorithms have been
developed on the basis of load scheduling. Vázquez, Felix Iglesias et al in [8] used a co-evolutionary particle swarm
optimization method. The method is defined for households to coordinate with each other to operate for maximum
benefits. [9] Used a linear programming for the scheduling of electricity for industrial consumer for product
manufacturing.
[10] Proposed a system for advanced remote control infrastructure and intelligent home management system,
which is implemented on hardware using PIC18LF4620 and a zigbee transceiver MRF24j40. Firmware, is designed
to control each home appliance and manage a communication network with handheld control and management
device. [11] is about a new smart home control system based on intelligent sensor network to make home network
more intelligent and automatic. The system contains multiple smart sensor network which senses the presence of
consumer, sense the day lighting and humidity. C++ simulation are used to implement a novel real-time, error
control, low energy utilization scheme in [18] using redundant residue number system to enhance the wireless sensor
network's lifetime and reliability. In [19] a heuristic model called imperialist competition algorithm is proposed for
improvement of voltage reliability of distribution networks. The algorithm minimizes the cost of the active losses.
3.PROPOSED METHOD
Aim of this work is to propose a model for EMS (Energy Management System ) and home appliances control.
Fig. 1 shows schematic diagram of the EMS and home appliances control. Energy Management System is the main
part of this model. It provides user visual interface to its consumption. System contains all the information regarding
load consumption and maintains the data in a txt file. GUI is developed in Labview and runs on any system
containing OS (operating system). Scheduler which is also a part of this application schedules the appliances and
home appliances control is used to remotely control the appliances. So the proposed system helps the user to
effectively use the electricity for reduction of electricity bills. The home appliances control and information (current,
voltage) from different loads in home is sent using zigbee. The zigbee makes life easier for appliances to talk each
other and to send their data to EMS. Two appliances controls are provided: one is through remote and second by
using EMS software interface. EMS controls appliances directly by communicating with them using the commands
given in Table 1.
TABLE I
Commands to Control Appliances
EMS Commands for appliances Control
Main Switch On “MainSon”
Main Switch Off “MainSoff”
Light Room 1 on “LightR1on”
Light Room 1 off “LightR1off”
Fan Room 2 on “FanR2on”
Fan Room 2 off “FanR2off”
Washing machine on “WashingMon”
Washing machine off “WashingMoff”
 4.PROPOSED HARDWARE

The proposed hardware for the above system consists of HMI (human machine interface) and appliances
network. Both of these parts are described in the subsequent sub sections.
A. HMI: (human machine interface)
Heart of this hardware part is HMI, because it provides a link of communication between the EMS (energy
management system) software and the appliances network. HMI, shown in Fig. 5, mainly consists of PIC18f4520 of
microchip family and zigbee transceiver of MC12311 by Freescale [17]. Microcontroller interface with the zigbee
transceiver is on standard RS232 interface. This module receives the data from the appliances network and displays
the status of the appliances on a custom LCD of lines 16x2. The software used for HMI interface is MPLAB IDE by
microchip.
Algorithm for HMI is shown in Fig 6. It first initializes all the modules and then checks their status.
Communicates with the modules and receives data from different appliances. It maintains the log of the energy
consumption

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Proposed system consists of two parts: Graphical user interface which is energy management center which
provides the user wireless energy metering and control. Data from different zones of their consumption is processed
to HMI (human machine interface) and then transferred to the energy management center where user can visualize
its power consumption with date and time. The second part of the work consists of Load scheduler with dynamic
programming using single knapsack method. The scheduling is done on day ahead tariff basis and user specifies the
load which needs to be scheduled or which can be run at any time of the day. Results for the appliances given in
Table 3 are shown in Fig. 12 and 13. Difference of the cost may be observed by comparing the scheduled and non
scheduled curves.

6. CONCLUSIONS

Proposed method is encouraging and cost effective. It gives an incentive to consumer. Consumer can easily control
its appliances remotely with click of a button. Graphical user interface is provided to the user where data its consumption is
stored in a file. So a user can view its consumption profile on day by day basis and make its on power profile for more
reliable and effective. Scheduler tells user about the appliances commitment and its cost during the day time of usage.
We can add additional control as the scheduler controls the scheduled appliances apart from user control.