Final Сontrol.

Practical skills

Paper 1
1. Calculate the molarity (C), normality (CN), molality (b) and mole fraction (χ) of the 20%
sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution (d = 1.14 g/mL).
2. Сalculate the thermal effect of the oxidation reaction of the ethanol using standard
enthalpies of formation:
С2H5OH +1/2 O2 = CH3СHO + H2O
3. Maltose is a structural component of a polysaccharide called starch. What is the biological role
of starch? Write a maltose formation scheme (α-D-glucopyranosyl-1,4-α-D-glucopyranose).
4. Draw a scheme for the formation of the tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly). Call it by systematic
nomenclature.
5. Write the hydrolysis reaction in the alkaline medium of trioleoylglycerol and the reaction of
its reduction (2 reactions). Name the products of these transformations.

Paper 2
1. Calculate the molarity (C), normality (CN), molality (b) and mole fraction (χ) of the 10%
phosphoric acid (H3 PO4) solution (d = 1.075g/mL).
2. Сalculate the thermal effect of the following reaction using standard enthalpies of
combustion:
C6H12O6 = 2C2H5OH+2CO2
3. Using the biological code, determine the amino acids designated by the codons UAU
and UCA. Draw a scheme for the formation of dipeptides that can be formed from
these amino acids (4 dipeptides). Name the dipeptides.
4. Draw a fragment of the primary polynucleotide chain in the structure of RNA (from
4 ribonucleotides containing nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine).
5. Write the equation of alkaline hydrolysis of 2-O-linoleoyl-1-O-
stearoylphosphatidylcholine. Name the reaction products.

Paper 3
1. Calculate the thermal effect of the oxidation reaction of the ethanol using standard
enthalpies of formation.
С2H5OH + 3O2 = 2 CO2 + 3H2O
2. Describe the state of red blood cells (normal, shrunk, swollen) in a 2% sucrose solution
(Msucrose=342 g/mol). To do this, calculate the osmotic pressure of these solutions and
compare with the norm for plasma.
3. Chitin is a nitrogen-containing homopolysaccharide. Draw a scheme for the formation
of chitin composed of the monomer N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine. Name and indicate the
glycosidic bonds in the molecule. Note the biological role of chitin.
4. Draw the structure of the nucleotide adenosine-5'-phosphate, show the glycosidic and
ester bonds. Write the scheme of alkaline hydrolysis of this nucleotide, name the
products.
5. Draw a scheme for the formation of 2-O-linoleoyl-1-O-oleoyl-3-O-palmitoylglycerol
(triglyceride).

Paper 4
1. A piece of cake (100 grams) contains 5.5 grams of protein, 24 grams of fat and 54 grams
of carbohydrates. Calculate the calorie content of the dessert with a mass of 80 g (Table
3).
2. Describe the state of red blood cells (normal, shrunk, swollen) in a 5% glucose solution
(Mglucose =342 g/mol) at t = 37 0C. To do this, calculate the osmotic pressure of these
solutions and compare with the norm for plasma.
3. Starch consists of amylose and amylopectin. Draw a scheme for the formation of
amylose homopolysaccharide. Name and indicate the glycosidic bonds in the molecule.
What is the biological role of starch?
4. Using the biological code, determine the amino acids encoded by the AUG and GCA
codons. Draw a scheme for the formation of dipeptides that can be obtained from these
amino acids (4 dipeptides). Name the dipeptides.
5. Write the structure of the nucleotide deoxyguanosine-3'-phosphate, show the
glycosidic and ester bonds. Write the scheme of alkaline hydrolysis of this nucleotide,
name the products.

Paper 5
1. Calculate the change of standard entropy (S) in the following reaction
(Table 1)
NH2 - CH2 - COOH + NH2 - CH2 - COOH → NH2 - CH2 - CO - NH - CH2 - COOH + H2O
Gly (glycine) Gly (glycine) Gly- Gly (glycyl- glycine)
2. Calculate the molar mass of a non-electrolyte, if the solution, which contains 45 g of
this substance in 500 mL of H2O (Tf = 0 oC) has the freezing point of – 0.93oC. Freezing
point depression constant of the water Kf(H2O) = 1.86°C·kg/mol.
3. Starch consists of amylose and amylopectin. Draw a molecule of branched amylopectin
homopolysaccharide. What is the name of the monomer of this polysaccharide? What
is the biological role of starch?
4. Write the formulas of all nitrogenous bases in the composition of DNA (4 bases). What
is the biological role of DNA?
5. Write the alkaline hydrolysis equation for 2-O-linolenoyl-1-O-
palmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine. Name the reaction products.

Paper 6
1. Calculate the Gibbs energy (G) in the following reaction (Table 1)
С6H12О6 (solution)  2 С3H6О3 (solution)
Glucose Lactic acid
In which direction does this reaction occur?
2. Calculate the osmotic pressure of a saline in which mass percentage of NaCl is 0.9% at
370C.The density of the solution is equal to1g/ml, i = 1.9.
3. Write a scheme for the formation of cellulose homopolysaccharide. What is the name
of the monomer in this molecule? Show and name the glycosidic bond. Describe the
structure of cellulose (branched or not). What is the biological role of cellulose.
4. Draw the tripeptide formation scheme Val-Gly-Trp. Show N- and C-ends, peptide
bonds. Name this peptide using a systematic nomenclature.
5. Draw the hydrolysis reaction of 2-O-linolenoyl-1-O-oleoylphosphatidylcholine in the
presence of sodium hydroxide. Arrange the stoichiometric coefficients, name the
products.

Paper 7
1. Calculate the standard entropy (S) of the oxidation reaction of sucrose
(Table 1) С12Н22О11(solid) + 11О2(gas) → 12СО2(gas) + 11Н2О(liquid)
2. Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution that contains 18.4 g of glycerin
C3H5(OH)3 in 1 L. The temperature of the solution is 170С.
3. Maltose is a disaccharide that is a fragment of a starch homopolysaccharide. Write a
scheme for the enzymatic hydrolysis of maltose. Name the disaccharide according to
the systematic nomenclature.
4. Write all the nitrogenous base formulas that make up the RNA. Call them systematic
nomenclature.
5. Draw a scheme for the formation of phospholipid 2-O-eicosapentaenoyl-1-O-
palmitoylphosphatidylserine. Phospholipid molecules have diphilic properties. Show
the polar head and hydrophobic tails in the structure of this lipid.
 Paper 8
1. Why is the protein denaturation process at 50 0С spontaneous (Calculate the Gibbs
energy (G)), if the thermal effect of the process is 2830 J / mol and
S = 288 J / mol × K?
2. A piece of iron dissolves in hydrochloric acid in 20 minutes. γ=2. How long does it take
for the same piece of iron to dissolve at 20 degrees?
3. Using the genetic code, identify the amino acids designated by the codons UAU and
UCA. Write the formulas and scheme for the formation of dipeptides that can be
obtained from these amino acids (4 dipeptides). Name the systematic nomenclature.
4. Draw the hydrogen bonds between the complementary pairs of heterocyclic bases in
the DNA molecule: Adenine-thymine; Guanine - Cytosine. Name the nitrogen bases
according to the systematic nomenclature.
5. Write the hydrolysis reaction equation for 1-O-oleoyl-2-O-
palmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Arrange
the stoichiometric coefficients, name the products.

Paper 9
1. The solution contains 10 grams of glucose and 180 grams of water, calculate the freezing
point and the boiling point of the solution.
2. If the temperature increases by 50 degrees, the rate of chemical reaction increases by 32
times. Determine the temperature coefficient for this reaction.
3. Lactose is a disaccharide. It consists of β-D-galactopyranose and α(β)-D-glucopyranose.
Draw the hydrolysis of lactose, name the glycosidic bond in the lactose molecule. What
foods contain lactose?
4. Draw a scheme for the formation of guanosin-3', 5'-cyclophosphate (c.GMP). Show
glycosidic and ester bonds. Note the biological role.
5. Draw a scheme for the formation of 1,2-O-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylinositol.
Phospholipid molecules have diphilic properties. Indicate in the structure of the lipid
polar head and hydrophobic tails.
 Paper 10
1. The solution of glucose 10%, calculate the freezing point and the boiling point of the
solution.
2. How much NaCl must be added to 150 g of 1 % NaCl solution so that the percentage of
NaCl in the resulting solution is 5 %?
3. What is table sugar? Give the equation of formation if it consists of α-D-glucopyranose
and β-D-fructofuranose and between units 1,2-glycosidic bond.
4. Draw the tripeptide formation scheme Ala-Cys-Phe. Show N- and C-ends, peptide
bonds. Name this peptide using a systematic nomenclature.
5. Draw a scheme for the formation of thymidine and uridine nucleosides. Show the
glycosidic bond.

Paper 11
1. Calculate the freezing point and boiling point for 2 % aqueous solution of sodium
chloride. If degree of dissociation is 95 % (α=0.95).
2. What should be the volume (in mL) of 40 % HCl solution (with density 1.2 g/mL) which
is necessary for preparation 100 mL of 0.15 M hydrochloric acid solution?
3. All monosaccharides with an aldehyde group are oxidized by the action of Tollens
reagent. Write the D-glucose oxidation reaction with Tollens reagent [Ag(NH3)2]OH.
Where is the oxidizer and reducing agent in this reaction?
4. Draw the reaction equation for the formation of 4 peptides formed by tryptophan and
cysteine. Call them.
5. Draw a scheme for hydrolysis of 1-O-oleoyl-2-O-pal-
mitoylphosphatidylethanolamine in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Arrange the
stoichiometric coefficients, name the products.

Paper 12
1. Calculate the molar mass of organic substance, if its solution contains 0,83 g of it in 20
сm3 of water has the freezing point of – 0,7 0C.
2. 200 mL of 35% solution (density = 1.15 g/mL) and 100 mL of 25% solution (density =
1.2 g/mL) were mixed. Calculate the mass percentage of the solute in the prepared
solution.
3. Starch plays an important role in human nutrition. Give the chemistry of the reaction of
enzymatic hydrolysis of amylose, name the enzyme, show and name the glycosidic
bonds in the molecule.
4. Write the chemistry of alkaline hydrolysis of leucylalanine dipeptide and acid
hydrolysis of glycyltreonine dipeptide.
5. Draw a scheme for the formation of adenosine-3 ', 5'-cyclophosphate (c.AMP), show
the glycosidic and ester bonds. Note the biological role.
 Paper 13
1. Calculate the isotonic coefficient і and the degree of electrolytic dissociation for saline
(0,9 % NaCl), if it freezes at t = – 0,55 0C.
2. Calculate the molality of a solution containing 5.5 g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH,
dissolved in 65.5 g of water?
3. What is the normal blood glucose (mmol / L)? Write the formula for D-glucose and
show its cyclic forms: α- D-glucopyranose (36%) and β- D-glucopyranose (64%)
(equilibrium mixture).
4. Write a scheme for the acid hydrolysis of alanylthreonine dipeptide.
5. Name and draw the structure of a fatty acid having the following composition 20: 4
ω-6.
Paper 14
1. Calculate the osmotic pressure exhibited by 10 % glucose solution at 20 oC (M=180
g/mol). What kind of solution will it be regarding blood plasma (hypotonic, hypertonic
or isotonic)?
2. What should be the volume (in ml) of 38 % HCl solution (with density 1,19 g/ml)
necessary for preparation of 400 ml of 0.125 M hydrochloric acid solution?
3. Draw a scheme for the formation of tripeptide Ala-Ser-Tyr. Show where N- and C-ends
of this peptide are, "head", "tail" peptide bonds. Call it by systematic nomenclature.
4. Draw a fragment of the primary polynucleotide chain in the DNA structure (of 4
deoxyribonucleotides containing nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine).
5. Draw a scheme for the formation of phospholipid 2-O-docosahexaenoyl-1-O-
linoleoylphosphatidylcholine. Phospholipid molecules have diphilic properties. Show
the polar head and hydrophobic tails in the structure of this lipid.
Paper 15
1. Calculate the osmotic pressure exhibited by a 0.42 mol L-1 KOH solution at 30oC. If
degree of dissociation is 88 % (α=0.88).
2. Calculate the molarity (C), normality (CN), molality (b) and mole fraction (χ) of the
20% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution (d = 1.14 g/mL).
3. Cellobiose - disaccharide, which is a structural fragment of cellulose
homopolysaccharide. What is the biological role of cellulose? Write a cellobiose
formation scheme (β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,4-β-D-glucopyranose).
4. Using the biological code, determine the amino acids according to the following CAU
and GCA codons. Draw a scheme for the formation of dipeptides that can be formed
from these amino acids (4 dipeptides). Name the dipeptides.
5. Write the structure of the nucleotide cytidine-3'-phosphate, show the glycosidic and
ester bonds. Write the scheme of alkaline nucleotide hydrolysis, name the products.