2

1 Malware can be used to corrupt data stored on a computer.

(a) Tick (3) one box to show which cyber security threat is not a type of malware.

A Phishing

B Ransomware

C Virus

D Worm
[1]

(b) Identify one other example of malware than those given in part 1(a).

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Identify the type of software that is used to find and remove malware from a computer.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

2 A register stores the binary number:

1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

(a) Give the denary number for the binary number stored in the register.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

Working space

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

(b) Give the hexadecimal number for the binary number stored in the register.

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

Working space

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

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(c) A logical left shift of two places is performed on the binary number stored in the register.

Complete the binary register to show its contents after this logical left shift.

[1]

(d) The negative denary number −99 needs to be stored in the register.

Complete the register to show the binary number that would be stored, using two’s
complement. Show all your working.

Working space ..........................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Register:
[2]

(e) The number 01001100 is added to 11100011

Add the two 8-bit binary numbers, using binary addition.

Give your answer in binary. Show all your working.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

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(b) Circle three other examples of an embedded system.

freezer laptop

personal computer (PC) security light system smartphone

vending machine web server

[3]

5 A band is recording their new song. They need to consider the sample rate and sample resolution
of their recording.

(a) Give one benefit of using a higher sample rate to record the song.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Give one drawback of using a higher sample rate to record the song.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Describe what is meant by sample resolution.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) The band wants to compress the sound file, but they do not want any data to be permanently
removed.

Identify the compression method that should be used.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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1 A mobile telephone has built-in input and output devices.

(a) Give two examples of an input device that would be built into a mobile telephone.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Give one example of an output device that would be built into a mobile telephone.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) The data storage in the mobile telephone can be measured using different units of
measurement.

(i) State how many bits are equal to a byte.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State how many kibibytes (KiB) equal a mebibyte (MiB).

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) The mobile telephone has an operating system.

Describe the purpose of the operating system.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

2 Humans use a denary number system and computers use a binary number system.

(a) Explain what is meant by a binary number system.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(b) Convert the denary numbers 14, 59 and 234 to binary.

14 ..............................................................................................................................................

59 ..............................................................................................................................................

234 ............................................................................................................................................
[3]

Working space

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

(c) Convert the denary numbers 9, 26 and 65 to hexadecimal.

9 ................................................................................................................................................

26 ..............................................................................................................................................

65 ..............................................................................................................................................
[3]

Working space

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

(d) Convert the positive denary number 123 to 8-bit binary using two’s complement.

Show all your working.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(e) Add the binary values 00110011 and 01111000 using binary addition.

Give your answer in binary. Show all your working.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

3 A computer has a central processing unit (CPU).

(a) Circle three components that are built into the CPU.

accumulator (ACC) control unit (CU) graphics card

hard disk drive (HDD) motherboard program counter (PC)

random access memory (RAM) read only memory (ROM)

[3]

(b) The CPU has cache.

Explain the purpose of the cache.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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7 A photographer takes an image with a digital camera. The photographer sets the resolution and
colour depth for the image.

(a) State what is meant by the image resolution.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State what is meant by the image colour depth.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Give one benefit of increasing the colour depth of the image.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The photographer compresses the image using a method that permanently reduces the
colour depth and resolution of the image.

Identify which compression method the photographer uses.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) One benefit for compressing the image is to reduce the storage space it uses.

Give two other benefits of compressing the image.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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6 The table contains descriptions about data transmission methods.

Complete the table by identifying which data transmission methods are described.

Data transmission method Description

Data is transmitted down a single wire, one bit at a time,

............................................................ in one direction only.

Data is transmitted down multiple wires, multiple bits at a

............................................................ time, in both directions, but only one direction at a time.

Data is transmitted down a single wire, one bit at a time,

............................................................ in both directions at the same time.

Data is transmitted down multiple wires, multiple bits at

............................................................ a time, in one direction only.

[4]

7 A train station has a ticket inspector who checks each customer’s ticket before they are allowed to
get on the train.

The train station wants a system that will allow the tickets to be automatically checked.

(a) Identify two suitable input devices that can be used to automatically read the tickets.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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5 Errors can occur when data is transmitted.

(a) Give one reason an error may occur when data is transmitted.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Some error detection methods use a calculated value to check for errors.

Tick (3) one box to show which error detection method does not use a calculated value to
check for errors.

A Check digit

B Checksum

C Echo check

D Parity check
[1]

(c) An automatic repeat request (ARQ) can be used to make sure that data is received free of
errors. It can use a positive or negative acknowledgement method to do this.

Explain how an ARQ operates using a positive acknowledgement method.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [5]

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3 A user’s computer has a central processing unit (CPU) that has a clock speed of 2 GHz.

She wants to change it to a CPU that has a clock speed of 3 GHz.

(a) (i) State what is meant by clock speed.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain the effect this change will have on the performance of the CPU.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The CPU contains a memory address register (MAR).

Describe the role of the MAR in the fetch–decode–execute cycle.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) The CPU has a list of all the machine code commands it can process.

State the name of this list of commands.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

4 A washing machine is an example of an embedded system.

(a) Give two characteristics of an embedded system.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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6 The table contains descriptions about data transmission methods.

Complete the table by identifying which data transmission methods are described.

Data transmission method Description

Data is transmitted down a single wire, one bit at a time,

............................................................ in one direction only.

Data is transmitted down multiple wires, multiple bits at a

............................................................ time, in both directions, but only one direction at a time.

Data is transmitted down a single wire, one bit at a time,

............................................................ in both directions at the same time.

Data is transmitted down multiple wires, multiple bits at

............................................................ a time, in one direction only.

[4]

7 A train station has a ticket inspector who checks each customer’s ticket before they are allowed to
get on the train.

The train station wants a system that will allow the tickets to be automatically checked.

(a) Identify two suitable input devices that can be used to automatically read the tickets.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) The train driver pushes a button to close the train door when all passengers have boarded
the train. The train door will only close when there are no passengers in the doorway.

The system to check there are no passengers in the doorway uses a sensor and a
microprocessor.

Explain how the sensor and the microprocessor are used to check whether the train door can
be closed.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]

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13 Storage and memory are important components of a computer system.

(a) Primary storage is one type of storage in a computer system.

(i) Tick (3) one box to show which is an example of primary storage.

A compact disk (CD)

B hard disk drive (HDD)

C random access memory (RAM)

D solid-state drive (SSD)

[1]

(ii) Give one characteristic of primary storage.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Virtual memory can be created in a computer system.

Complete the description about virtual memory.

Use the terms from the list.

Some of the terms in the list will not be used. Some terms may be used more than once.

binary hard disk drive (HDD) hexadecimal operating system

pages random access memory (RAM) read only memory (ROM)

sectors software tracks virtual memory

Virtual memory is used when the ...................................................................... is full. It is

created by partitioning the ...................................................................... . Data is divided into

...................................................................... that can be sent from

...................................................................... to the

...................................................................... to be temporarily stored until they are required.

[5]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 2210/12/O/N/23

 5

(c) The CPU has a component that regulates the number of fetch–decode–execute cycles the
CPU can perform in a second.

State the name of this component.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The CPU has a component that carries out all calculations and logical operations.

State the name of this component.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

4 An employee uses a web browser on their computer.

(a) Describe the main purpose of a web browser.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The employee wants his payment details to be automatically filled in when he buys products
using the internet.

Identify the function of a web browser that could be used for this purpose.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) The employee wants to be able to quickly access websites that he regularly uses.

Identify the function of a web browser that could be used for this purpose.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) The web browser uses the secure socket layer (SSL) protocol to transmit personal data
securely over the internet.

State how the SSL protocol secures the data for transmission.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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6 A company uses cloud storage to store its data.

(a) Tick (3) one box to show which is not a characteristic of cloud storage.

A Data is accessed through a network

B Data is stored locally

C Data is stored remotely

D Physical servers are used to store the data

[1]

(b) Explain two advantages for the owners of the company of storing its data in cloud storage.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

(c) Explain one disadvantage to employees of the company storing data in the cloud.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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8 Draw and annotate a diagram to represent the role of a router.

[4]

9 A computer has secondary storage.

(a) The table contains statements about secondary storage.

Complete the table by writing the type of secondary storage that applies to each statement.
Some types of secondary storage may apply to more than one statement.

Type of secondary storage Statement

data is stored using pits and lands

................................................

data is stored using control gates and floating gates

................................................

data is stored using electromagnets

................................................

data is stored using a laser

................................................
data is stored on a platter that is divided into tracks and
................................................ sectors
[5]

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(b) Explain two differences between primary storage and secondary storage.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

10 A car repair garage uses an expert system.

(a) Complete the description about the operation of the expert system.

Use the terms from the list. Some of the terms in the list will not be used.

inference engine interface knowledge base

machine learning mechanical engine output device

question base rule base

An expert system has a ....................................................... that contains a list of facts.

The ....................................................... applies the .......................................................

to the ....................................................... to reach a diagnosis for the repair of the car.

The user provides data to the system using an ....................................................... .

[5]

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8 (a) Draw and annotate a diagram that demonstrates the cyber security threat of data interception.

[4]

(b) Identify one security solution that will help keep data safe from data interception and state
why it will help keep the data safe.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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9 The table contains terms and descriptions about the internet.

Complete the table with the missing terms and descriptions.

Term Description

.................................................. the collective name for all the web pages available

a small text file, stored by the web browser, that can store
..................................................
a user’s personal data

...........................................................................................

uniform resource locator (URL) ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

web server ...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

the language used to create a website. Example tags are

..................................................
<head> and <body>

.................................................. a protocol that is used to request and send web pages

[6]

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(b) Explain one advantage to employees of using an automated system in manufacturing.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Explain one disadvantage to the company owner of using an automated system in
manufacturing.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

12 Digital currency can be used to pay for products and services.

Digital currencies are often tracked using digital ledgers.

(a) Give two other features of digital currency.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Identify the process that uses a digital ledger to track the use of digital currency.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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 10

10 A business has a system that is described as having artificial intelligence (AI).

(a) State one of the main characteristics of an AI system.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) An AI system is an expert system.

Explain how an expert system operates.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]

11 A manufacturing company uses an automated system in its manufacturing process.

(a) The automated system uses a flow sensor.

Identify what a flow sensor measures.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(b) Explain one advantage to employees of using an automated system in manufacturing.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Explain one disadvantage to the company owner of using an automated system in
manufacturing.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

12 Digital currency can be used to pay for products and services.

Digital currencies are often tracked using digital ledgers.

(a) Give two other features of digital currency.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Identify the process that uses a digital ledger to track the use of digital currency.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(b) The expert system has machine learning capabilities.

Describe what is meant by machine learning capabilities.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

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