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2025 Ethics Module 1

The module on Foundations of Ethics introduces the philosophical study of morality, emphasizing its significance in personal and societal contexts. It covers key concepts, branches of ethics, major ethical theories, and an ethical decision-making framework, providing learners with tools to address moral dilemmas. Through case studies, such as workplace ethics, the module encourages the application of ethical reasoning to real-world situations.

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1 views

2025 Ethics Module 1

The module on Foundations of Ethics introduces the philosophical study of morality, emphasizing its significance in personal and societal contexts. It covers key concepts, branches of ethics, major ethical theories, and an ethical decision-making framework, providing learners with tools to address moral dilemmas. Through case studies, such as workplace ethics, the module encourages the application of ethical reasoning to real-world situations.

Uploaded by

rymeperez95
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module: Foundations of Ethics

Introduction to Ethics

Ethics, derived from the Greek word "ethos" meaning character, refers to the philosophical study
of morality, values, and rules of conduct that govern human behavior. Ethics serves as a guide
for decision-making, helping individuals and societies determine what is right or wrong, good or
bad.

Objectives

By the end of this module, learners will be able to:

1. Define ethics and understand its importance in personal and societal contexts.
2. Identify the key branches of ethics and their applications.
3. Examine major ethical theories and their relevance to modern dilemmas.
4. Apply ethical reasoning to real-world situations.

Key Concepts

1. Definition of Ethics
o Ethics explores principles that define appropriate behavior.
o It deals with questions such as: What is good? What is just? How should one act?
2. Why Ethics Matters
o Ethics fosters accountability and fairness.
o It strengthens relationships by building trust and understanding.
o Ethical standards ensure societal harmony by providing shared norms.
3. Branches of Ethics
o Metaethics: Explores the nature of morality and ethical statements. It asks
questions like, "What does 'good' really mean?"
o Normative Ethics: Focuses on setting standards or rules for right conduct.
Example frameworks include deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics.
o Applied Ethics: Examines specific controversial issues such as bioethics,
environmental ethics, and business ethics.

Major Ethical Theories

1. Deontology (Duty-Based Ethics)


o Founded by Immanuel Kant.
o Emphasizes following rules and duties regardless of consequences.
o Example: Always telling the truth, even if it leads to negative outcomes.
2. Utilitarianism (Consequence-Based Ethics)
o Associated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
o Focuses on maximizing happiness or minimizing harm for the greatest number of
people.
o Example: Sacrificing one to save many.
3. Virtue Ethics
o Rooted in Aristotle's philosophy.
o Stresses character and virtues such as honesty, courage, and compassion.
o Example: Being truthful because it aligns with one’s moral character.
4. Ethical Relativism
o Suggests that morality is subjective and dependent on cultural or individual
perspectives.
o Example: Practices that are acceptable in one culture but not in another.
5. Care Ethics
o Centers on interpersonal relationships and the moral significance of caring for
others.
o Example: Prioritizing the well-being of family members in ethical decisions.

Ethical Decision-Making Framework

1. Identify the Ethical Issue


o What is the dilemma or conflict?
2. Gather Information
o Consider facts, stakeholders, and potential consequences.
3. Evaluate Alternatives
o Apply ethical theories to assess possible actions.
4. Make a Decision
o Choose the course of action that aligns with ethical principles.
5. Reflect and Learn
o Analyze outcomes to improve future ethical reasoning.

Case Study: Workplace Ethics

Scenario: A colleague is falsifying work reports to gain recognition.

 Ethical Issue: Deception in professional conduct.


 Stakeholders: The colleague, the organization, other employees, and clients.
 Application of Theories:
o Deontology: Reporting the misconduct as honesty is a duty.
o Utilitarianism: Addressing the issue to prevent harm to the organization and its
clients.
o Virtue Ethics: Acting with integrity by confronting the colleague respectfully.

Conclusion

Understanding the foundations of ethics equips individuals with tools to navigate complex moral
challenges. By exploring ethical theories and applying them to everyday situations, we develop
critical thinking and moral integrity essential for personal growth and societal progress.

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