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TPL Dataflow by Example
Dataflow and Reactive Programming in .Net

Matt Carkci
This book is for sale at http://leanpub.com/tpldataflowbyexample

This version was published on 2014-05-29

This is a Leanpub book. Leanpub empowers authors and publishers with the Lean Publishing
process. Lean Publishing is the act of publishing an in-progress ebook using lightweight tools and
many iterations to get reader feedback, pivot until you have the right book and build traction once
you do.

©2014 Matt Carkci

Contents

Other Dataflow Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

Code Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 What is TPL Dataflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 What is Dataflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Where is Dataflow Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.4 TPL Dataflow vs. Rx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.5 Installing TPL Dataflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 TPL Dataflow Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.1 Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 Execution Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1.1 ActionBlock<T> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1.2 TransformBlock<T1,T2> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.1.3 Block Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.1.4 Execution Block Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.2 Buffering Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.2.1 BufferBlock<T> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.2.2 BroadcastBlock<T> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.2.3 WriteOnceBlock<T> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.2.4 DataflowBlockOptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.1.3 Grouping Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1.3.1 BatchBlock<T> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1.3.2 JoinBlock<T1,T2> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.1.3.3 BatchedJoinBlock<T1,T2> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.1.3.4 GroupingDataflowBlockOptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.1.4 Block Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.2 Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2.1 DataflowLinkOptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3 Using TPL Dataflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3.1 A Generator Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
CONTENTS

3.2 How Messages are Transmitted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3.3 Runtime Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.4 Maintaining State Inside an Execution Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.5 Converting a Stateful Block to be Stateless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4 Dataflow Program Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

4.1 Block Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.1.1 Design for Reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.1.2 Create Blocks from Scratch only when Necessary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.1.3 Develop Your Own Block Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.1.4 Careful with Retaining State in Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.2 Favor Application Specific Blocks Over Predefined Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.3 Avoid Excess Synchronization and Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.4 Dealing with Loops and Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.5 Prevent Large Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.6 Data Should be Immutable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.7 Use SingleProducerConstrained if Possible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Other Dataflow Books

In depth coverage of Dataflow and Reactive

Programming including:

• Sample code for three styles of reac-

tive programming systems with chap-
ters that explain their operations
• Summaries of Flow Based Program-
ming, the Actor Model and Communi-
cating Sequential Processes (CSP)
• Explanation of all features found in re-
active systems

Visit http://DataflowBook.com for more in-

formation

Dataflow and Reactive Programming Systems

Code Examples
All of the code in this book can be
downloaded from ftp://DataflowBook.com.

Visit http://DataflowBook.com for more information

and blog posts about dataflow and reactive programming.

Contact the author at [email protected]

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