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UCSP Socialization (1)

Socialization is a lifelong process through which individuals develop their personalities and learn about society and culture, shaping self-identity and roles. It is essential for personality development and cultural transmission, with various theories explaining how self-identity emerges through social interaction. Key agents of socialization include family, schools, peer groups, mass media, workplaces, and religious institutions.

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Luke Leander De Jesus
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9 views

UCSP Socialization (1)

Socialization is a lifelong process through which individuals develop their personalities and learn about society and culture, shaping self-identity and roles. It is essential for personality development and cultural transmission, with various theories explaining how self-identity emerges through social interaction. Key agents of socialization include family, schools, peer groups, mass media, workplaces, and religious institutions.

Uploaded by

Luke Leander De Jesus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOCIALIZATION

 Process through which we develop our


personalities and human potential and learn
about our society and culture (Personality – used
to refer to person’s typical patterns of attitudes,
needs, characteristics, and behavior
 A life-long process that occurs through human
interaction
 “ Society makes us human”
 Shapes our self-images/ self-identity
Self-Identity
➢ A conception of who we
are.
➢ As brothers or sisters,
sons or daughters,
students or friends.
➢ Different roles and
certain behavior is
expected from us in each
of these roles.
ROLES OF SOCIALIZATION

1. Teaches impulse
control and helps
individuals develop a
conscience
2. Teaches individuals
how to prepare for
and perform certain
social roles
3. Cultivates shared
sources of meaning
and value
Importance of
Socialization
➢ Socialization is vital to
culture.
➢Each generation acquires
the elements of its society’s
knowledge, symbols, values,
norms and beliefs.
➢ Socialization is vital to
personality.
➢Every child’s training
through socialization
greatly affects his/her
personality.
➢Isolationism affects the
personality development of
an individual
THEORIES OF SOCIALIZATION
➢ Charles Horton Cooley: Looking-Glass Self

- we learn who we are by interacting with others


- our view of ourselves comes not only from direct
contemplation of our personal qualities but also
from our impressions of how others perceive us
- the self is the product of our social interaction
(looking-glass self)
Self – results from an individual’s “imagination” of
how others view him or her and self-identities can
develop on “incorrect” perceptions on how others
view him or her.
The process of self-identity.
1. We imagine how we appear to others. (e.g. The
teacher criticize me)
2. We imagine how others perceive us. (e.g. The
teacher must think that I’m stupid)
3. We develop some sort of feeling about ourselves,
such as respect or shame, as a result of these
impressions. (e.g. I am stupid)
➢ George Herbert Mead: Emerging
Self
- the self represents the sum total of
people’s perceptions, beliefs, and
feelings about themselves.
- the self emerges in stages
Three stages of the emrgence of self

1. The preparatory stage – children merely imitate the people around them, especially
family members with whom they continually interact. Symbols are important in this
stage.

2. “I” The play stage (3-5 yo) – the child becomes able to imitate the actions of others
including adult. Children begin to pretend to be other people. Role taking (the process
of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined
viewpoint) is an important aspect of this stage.

3. “Me”Game stage – about age 8 or 9 the child begins to consider several tasks and
relationship simultaneously. Children grasps not only their own roles and statuses, but
also others around them.
At this time, child develop:
Generalized others -attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole that a
child takes into account in his or her behavior

Significant others – those individuals who are most important in the development of self
➢ Erving Goffman: Presentation of
the Self
- many of our daily activities involve
attempts to impart impressions of
who we are
all applies to politician
Impression Management- people alter the
impression of the self in order to create
IDEA OF SELF distinctive appearances and satisfy
particular audiences

Dramaturgical Approach – a perspective


by Goffman that states that people
resembles performers in action. A view of
social interaction in which people are seen
as theatrical performers.

Face-work – another view of Goffman


about the efforts people make to maintain
the proper image and avoid public
embarrassment.
PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE
SELF
➢ Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
- stressed the role of inborn drives
(among them the drive for sexual
gratification) in channeling human
behavior
- believed that the self is a social
product and that aspects of one’s
personality are influenced by other
people
➢ Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
- newborn babies have no self in the sense of a
looking-glass image
- as children mature they gradually socialized into
social relationships, even within their rather self-
centered world
- children slowly come to think in a more abstract
fashion. Through socialization, they learn to
distinguish between their own identities and those
of others
- identified four stages in the development in the
children thought processes (known as Cognitive
Theory of Development
Stages of Cognitive Theory of Development
1. Sensorimotor – young children use their senses to make discoveries.
E.g. through touching they discover that their hands are actually a
part of themselves.
2. Preoperational – children use words and symbols to distinguish
objects and ideas.
3. Concrete operational – children engage in more logical thinking
4. Formal operational – adolescents become capable of
sophisticated abstract thought and can deal with ideas and values
in logical manner.
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
➢ Family
- cultural influences, gender roles
➢ School
- has an explicit mandate to socialize people into the norms and values of our
culture
➢ Peer Group
- provide anticipatory socialization and assist transition to adult responsibilities
➢ Mass Media
- permits imitation and role playing but does not encourage more complex forms
of learning. Children become passive viewers and can introduce people to
unfamiliar lifestyleand culture
➢ Workplace
- learning to behave properly in an occupation
➢ Religion and the State
- shape the socialization process by regulating the life course and influencing our
views of appropriate behavior at particular ages

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