1

Technology and
Livelihood Education 8
Exploratory Course
Quarter in
Electronic Products Assembly
2

and Servicing (EPAS)

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Technology and Livelihood Education –Grade 8(EPAS)

Quarter 2 – Module 11: Performing Mensuration and Calculation- Electric
Circuits & Ohm’s Law
First Edition, 2020

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do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Xerxes G. Cabrejas
Content Reviewer: Vicente B. Lao
Technical Reviewer:
Illustrator:
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Manuel A. Laguerta
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig

City
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TLE-EPAS 8
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 11
PERFORMING MENSURATION AND
CALCULATION (PMC)
Lesson 11 : Electric Circuits & Ohm’s Law

LO.2. Carry out measurement and calculation

2.2. Obtain accurate measurements for the job
2.3. Perform calculations needed to complete work tasks
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Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 8- Electronic Products

Assembly and Servicing (Exploratory Course) Self-Learning Module on Performing
Mensuration and Calculation: Electronic Circuits & Ohm’s Law!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the Learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 8- Electronic Products

Assembly and Servicing (Exploratory Course) Self-Learning Module on Performing
Mensuration and Calculation: Electronic Circuits & Ohm’s Law!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
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EXPECTATIONS

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. explain ohm’s law, the relationship of voltage, current, and resistance.

2. perform calculations to determine the unknown values in electronic circuits.
3. value the importance of performing correct calculations for the job.

PRETEST

DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it
on the space provided.

______1. Which statement is TRUE about electric/electronic circuit?

A. Current will flow without voltage.
B. Resistance is the rate of flowing electric charges.
C. Voltage is the electromotive force that moves electrons.
D. A complete circuit is an OPEN circuit that allows current to flow.

______2. The relationship of voltage, current, and resistance is expressed in?

A. Lenz Law C. Electrostatics Law
B. Ohm’s law D. Law of Conservation of Energy

______3. What will happen to current when the resistance is increased?

A. current will increase C. current will not change
B. current will decrease D. current will be lost

______4. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of series circuit?

A. The load resistors are connected in end-to-end.
B. The current is constant throughout the circuit.
C. The voltage is constant throughout the circuit.
D. The total resistance is the sum of individual resistances in series.

______5. How much current (I) is drawn from 10Ω resistance (R) across 20V supply
voltage (V)?
A. 0.2 A B. 2A C. 20 A D. 200A
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RECAP

DIRECTIONS: Identify what is being represented by each color stripe of a 4-Band

resistor and determine its value. Choose the letter of the correct answer inside the
box below and write it on the space provided in each numbered item.

A. Tolerance B. Multiplier C. 20Ω±5% D. 200Ω± 5%

E. 1st Significant digit F. 2nd Significant digit G. 3rd Significant digit

COLOR CODING OF RESISTOR

1. ____ 3.___
_____
_____
2. ____ 4. ___
COLOR CODE: RED,BLACK,BROWN,GOLD

Resistor’s Value: 5. ____________

LESSON

Electronic Circuits and Ohm’s Law

Electronic Circuit. An electronic circuit is a conductive path of electron flow. It is
the interconnection of electronic components. An electronic circuit is composed of
the following basic parts: the voltage source, the conductor (pathway of current), the
load (electronic components), and the control means
(switch).

When a circuit is complete, it forms a loop that allows

current to flow, the circuit is called a closed circuit.
If any part of the circuit is disconnected or disrupted
so that a loop is not formed, the current cannot flow.
Figure 1. Closed VS Open Circuit
In that case, the circuit is called an open circuit. (webdarwaza.com)
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Electrical parameters/quantities. Pertains to the measurable values that

characterizes the behavior of electronic circuit. There are three basic electrical
parameters: voltage, current, and resistance.

1. Voltage (V). also known as electromotive force, and potential difference. Voltage is
the electrical pressure that moves the electrons, measured in volt(V).
2. Current(I). Current is the rate of electrons flow in the circuit, measured in
ampere(A).
3. Resistance(R). Resistance is the opposition to current, measured in ohm(Ω).

Remember that:
• A circuit may have voltage without current, but it is NOT possible to have
current without voltage. Electromotive force or voltage is always needed to
produce current.
• Current is produced when electrons carrying energy are made to flow along
the conductor. The intensity of flowing charges is affected by voltage and
resistance.
• Resistance limits the current. High resistance will lessen the current while
Low resistance will increase the current.

Ohm’s Law. also known as “Resistance Law”, was developed by Georg Simon Ohm,
a German physicist who established the relationship of voltage, current, and
resistance in an electrical circuit.

Ohm’s Law states that: “Electric current is

directly proportional to voltage, and inversely
proportional to resistance.”

A one volt of potential difference produces one

ampere of current across one ohm of resistance.
1 volt = 1ampere x 1ohm

To explain further:
• Current is directly proportional to voltage. The
current increases as the voltage is increased, and
vice versa.
• Current is inversely proportional to resistance. If
we double the resistance, the current will decrease
by half, and vice versa.

Basic Ohm’s Law Formula:

Relationship between Voltage, Current, and Resistance

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I. Current & Voltage when Resistance is constant:

Ohm’s Law Equation: V= I x R; I= V/R

Example #1.
Given: I = 2.5A, R = 10Ω
Find: V =?
Sol.
V = I x R = 2.5A x 10 Ω = 25V
Relationship between current & voltage: Directly Proportional
➢ For a constant resistance, if the current increases, the voltage increases at
the same rate.

II. Current & Resistance when Voltage is constant:

Ohm’s Law Equation: I= V/R; R= V/I

Example #2.
Given: V = 10V, R = 2.5 Ω
Find: I =?
Sol.
I = V / R = 10V / 2.5 Ω = 4A

Relationship between Current & Resistance: Inversely Proportional

➢ For a constant voltage, the current decreases as the resistance is increased.

III. Resistance & Voltage when Current is constant.

Ohm’s Law Equation: V= I x R; R = V/I

Example #3.
Given: I = 2A; R = 10 Ω
Find: V =?
Sol.
V = I x R = 2A x 10Ω = 20V

Relationship between Voltage & Resistance: Directly Proportional

➢ For a constant current, the voltage (drop) increases as the resistance is
increased.

Types of Circuit
1. Simple Circuit - A circuit with a single resistor or load.
2. Series Circuit Network of 2 or more resistors or loads.
3. Parallel Circuit
4. Series-Parallel Circuit – Network of 3 or more resistors or loads.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCUITS
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Series Circuit Parallel Circuit

•end-to-end connection (string) •side-by-side connection (shunt)
1. Connection
• has one path of current •has 2 or more pathways or
branches of current.

•Total Current (It) is divided among

2. Current •Current is Constant
branches of current in parallel
It = I1 = I2 = I3 = …In circuit.
•Total current is the sum of branch
currents.

It = I1 + I2 + I3 + …In
3. Voltage The supply voltage or applied • Voltage is constant
voltage (VA) is equal to the sum
•Vt = V1 = V2 = V3=... Vn
of voltage drops of
resistances in series.
Vt = V1 + V2 + V3+... Vn
The total resistance or
4. Resistance The total resistance is the sum
equivalent resistance (Req) is the
of individual resistances in sum of the reciprocal resistances
series. 1
(𝑅𝑛) in parallel.
Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 +…Rn 𝟏
𝑹𝒕 =
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
*Rt is always higher than the + + +⋯
𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑 𝑹𝒏
highest resistance in series.
*The total resistance (Rt) of
resistors connected in parallel
circuit is always less than of the
smallest resistance comprising
the circuit.
Series-Parallel Circuit. A series-parallel circuit has both parallel and series elements
combined. It is a type of circuit with combined resistances either in series or parallel
connection. Voltage (V) divides is series combination; whereas Current (I) divides in parallel
combination.

RESISTANCES IN CIRCUITS

I. Series Resistance
R1=45Ω R2=200Ω R3=25Ω
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Formula: Rt= R1 + R2 + R3 +… Rn

Example #1: Find the total resistance of three resistors connected in series.
if R1= 45Ω, R2= 200Ω, and R3= 25Ω.

Given: R1= 45Ω, R2= 200Ω, and R3= 25Ω

Find: Rt=?
Sol. Rt = R1+R2+R3 = 45+200+25 = 270Ω
II. Parallel Resistance (Shunt resistors)

A. Original Formula C. Resistors with Same Value Formula

(For 2 or more resistances in parallel)
𝟏 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝑹 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆
𝑹𝒕 = Rt = =
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 # 𝒐𝒇 𝑹
+ + +⋯
𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑 𝑹𝒏
Example#3. What is the equivalent
Example #1. Calculate the equivalent resistance of five 500Ω resistors connected in
resistance of a 10Ω resistor in shunt with 20Ω parallel?
resistor.
Given: R value = 500Ω
Step 1. Write the given # of Resistors= 5
Given: R1=10Ω; R2=20Ω 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆
Sol. Rt =
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔
Step 2. Identify the unknown value 𝑹 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝟓𝟎𝟎
Find: Rt = ? = = = 𝟏𝟎𝟎Ω
# 𝒐𝒇 𝑹 𝟓
Step 3. Substitute the given to the formula.
Sol. Checking: Rt = 100Ω is less than 500Ω
𝑹𝒕 =
𝟏
= 𝑹𝒕 =
𝟏 100Ω < 500Ω
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ +
𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎

Step 4. Find the LCD of 10 & 20. LCD = 20

Replace the denominators 10 & 20 and use 20. B. 2-Resistors Formula (Product Over Sum)
𝑹𝟏𝒙𝑹𝟐
Step 5. Perform the operations. 𝑹𝒕 =
𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐
(20÷ 10= 2 x 1 = 2) (20÷20 = 1 x 1 = 1)
Example #2.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟎 What is the combined resistance of 10Ω and
𝑹𝒕 = = = = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟕Ω 20Ω in parallel?
𝟐+𝟏 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
Given: R1=10Ω R2= 20Ω
Find: Rt (parallel)=?
Checking: Rt = 6.67Ω is less than 10Ω
6 6.67Ω <10Ω
𝑹𝟏𝒙𝑹𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎
Sol. 𝑹𝒕 = = = = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟕Ω
𝑹𝟏+𝑹𝟐 𝟏𝟎+𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎

r Checking: Rt= 6.67Ω is less than 10Ω

6.67 Ω < 10Ω

ACTIVITIES
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I. TYPES OF CIRCUIT

DIRECTIONS: Matching Type. Match Column A to Column B. Write your

answers on the space provided.

Column A Column B
_____1. The electrical pressure that moves the electrons. A. Current
_____2. The opposition to current. B. Power
_____3. The rate or intensity of electrons flow. C. Resistance
_____4. Circuit where loads are connected in end-to-end. D. Voltage
_____5. Circuit with two or more pathways of current. E. Open circuit
F. Parallel circuit
G. Series circuit
II. Calculation of Electrical Parameters

A. Ohm’s Law in Simple Circuit (item nos. 6 -15)

DIRECTIONS: Complete the table by writing the correct Ohm’s Law

formula and calculate to the unknown value of electrical parameter or
quantity in each row. The Ohm’s law triangle is provided for you to
determine the correct formula. Write your answer on space provided in
the table.

Formula Voltage (V) Current (I) Resistance (R)

Example:
Ans. R = V / I 25V 0.2A Ans.125 Ω
6) Ans. V = ______ 7)Ans. _____V 2A 110Ω
8) Ans. V = ______ 9)Ans. _____V 5A 24Ω
10) Ans. I = ______ 12V 11)Ans._____A 300Ω
12) Ans. I = ______ 240V 13)Ans._____A 150Ω
14) Ans. R = ______ 5V 0.025A 15)Ans. _____Ω

B. Problem Solving in Series and Parallel Resistors

DIRECTIONS: Calculate the correct value of Total Resistance(Rt) or unknown

resistance in each types of circuits. Express your computed value to its proper unit.
Write your answer on the space provided.

____________16. What is the total resistance of three resistors (500Ω, 1000Ω, and
250Ω) when wired in series?
____________17. If resistors; R1=5Ω, R2= 20Ω, R3 = 100Ω, and R4 =75Ω were
connected in series, how much is the total resistance of the
circuit?
____________18. If the total resistance of series circuit is 2,000Ω, what should be
the value of R2 resistor connected to R1= 1,500Ω?
____________19. What is the equivalent resistance of two (2) 30Ω resistors
connected in parallel?
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____________20. How much is the equivalent resistance of two parallel resistors if

R1=5Ω, and R2= 10Ω?

WRAP-UP

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letter. Write your answer on the space
provided.

In series circuit, (NERCTUR) _________________is constant;

(GELAVOT) _________________is divided; and
(SETRISCENA) _________________is increased.
In parallel circuit, (OTLAGEV) _________________is constant;
(CRUTREN) _________________is divided; and
(NATRESCISE) _________________is decreased.
Series-parallel circuit is a (OMNICOTBINA) _____________________ of series and
parallel resistances.
Ohm’s Law states that electric current is YTRECDIL___________________
proportional to voltage, and (SILNYREVE) _______________________ proportional to
resistance.

VALUING

Picture Analysis

DIRECTIONS: Analyze the pictures below. Establish the analogy relating the water
flow in a dam to Ohm’s Law and its parameters (voltage, current, and resistance).
Answer the guide questions that follows.

Guide Questions:

1. What can you say about the pictures above?

2. How will you relate the Ohm’s law parameters such as voltage (force), current
(flow), and resistance (control/restriction) to the waters gathered and flowing out
from a dam? Explain the importance of resistance to the flow of current.
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3. How does calculation relevant in determining the normal and safe value in an
electrical/electronic system and flood control systems?

POSTTEST

DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it
on the space provided.

______1. Which of the following will allow the flow of current in the circuit?
A. Current will flow if the switch is OFF.
B. Current will flow if the voltage is zero.
C. Current will flow if the circuit is closed.
D. Current will flow if the resistance is very HIGH.

______2. Which of the following Ohm’s law formula is used when calculating the
voltage?
A. V = R/I B. V = I + R C. V = I x R D. V= R -I

______3. What will happen to the current of circuit if 100Ω resistance was reduced to
50Ω across 100V voltage source?
A. the current will be zero.
B. the current will increase twice.
C. the current will decrease by half.
D. the current will remains the same.

______4. What is the total resistance of the circuit if 30Ω and 270Ω are connected in
series?
A. 240 Ω B. 300 Ω C. 2400Ω D. 3000Ω

______5. Suppose you will build a circuit that requires equivalent resistance
of 500Ω but you only have two 1000Ω resistors, which of the following
should you do to these available resistors?
A. Connect the two 1000Ω resistors in series.
B. Connect the two 1000Ω resistors in parallel.
C. Connect the two 1000Ω resistors in series- parallel.
D. Connect the two 1000Ω resistors in simple circuit.
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KEY TO CORRECTION

Solution to ACTIVITIES Nos. 6 to 20.

Please see the solution below

3.33Ω 20. 15.200Ω 10.I=V/R 5.F 5. B 5.D 5.B
15Ω 19. 14.R=V/I 9.120V 4.G 4. B 4.B 4.C
500Ω 18. 13.1.6A 8.V=I x R 3.A 3. B 3.A 3.B
200Ω 17. 12.I=V/R 7.220V 2.C 2. C 2.F 2.B
1,750Ω 16. 11.0.04A 6.V=I x R 1.D 1. C 1.E 1.C
TEST
ACTIVITIES POST RECAP PRE TEST

References

All About Circuits. “Ohm’s Law-How Voltage, Current, and Resistance Relate”. Accessed
September 18, 2020. https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-
current/chpt-2/voltage- current-resistance-relate/
Britannica. “Electric Circuit”. Accessed September 18, 2020.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/electric-circuit.
Electronics Notes. “What is Ohms Law – formula, equation & triangle”. Accessed
September 18, 2020. https://www.electronics-
notes.com/articles/basic_concepts/resistance/what-is-ohms-law-formula-
equation.php

IMAGES
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/images/georg-ohm-2.jpg
https://webdarwaza.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/circuit.jpg
https://i.redd.it/zi3yac7jkxj21.jpg
https://images.gmanews.tv/webpics/2020/11/magatdam1_2020_11_24_12_17_37.jpg