MODULE 1: THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE

OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

At the end of the module, student will be able to:

• explain the relationship of tourism and hospitality;
• discuss the components of the tourism and hospitality industry;
• define tourism and hospitality;
• understand the various elements of travel used as criteria for defining travelers and/or
tourists;
• explain the nature of tour;
• describe the characteristics of a tourist product and a tourist destination;
• compare tourism and hospitality with other industries; and
• appreciate the importance of tourism and hospitality.

INTRODUCTION

Tourism and hospitality is one of the world's largest and fastest-growing industries. It
contributes greatly to global economic development. The components of this large industry may
be independent and competitive businesses; yet, they are interrelated and interdependent. The
components of the tourism and hospitality network are: food and beverage services, lodging
services, recreation and entertainment services, and travel and tourism services.

ACTIVITY

Find a partner and solve the puzzle. The words in the puzzle may be hidden horizontally,
vertically, diagonally, forward or backwards. Find and circle the words below and cross them off
the list when you’ve found them.

• Accessibility
• International
• Travel Agent
• Amenities
• Arrival
• Accommodation
• Attractions
• Recreation
• Domestic
• Travel
• Entertainment
• Destination
• Lodging
• Tourist
• Visitor
• Tour

THC 105: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MS. HEIDI A. TORIBIO
 ANALYSIS

1. What is the difference between tourism and hospitality?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How is tourism and hospitality different from other industries?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Why is the tourism and hospitality industry vital to the development of the country’s
economy?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

ABSTRACTION

Definition of Tourism and Hospitality

• One of the first attempts to define tourism was that of Professors Hunziker and Krapf of
Berne University, Switzerland. They defined tourism as the "sum of the phenomena and
relationships arising from the travel and stay of nonresidents, insofar as they do not lead to
permanent residence and are not connected to any earning activity." This definition
distinguishes tourism from migration, which involves taking up permanent residence.
Since it necessarily includes both travel and stay, it excludes day tours.

• The definition of the Tourism Society in Britain was: "Tourism is the temporary short-term
movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work
and their activities during their stay at these destinations."

• This definition was reformulated by the Tourism Society in Cardiff: "Tourism may be
defined in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home
environment."
• Burkart and Medlik (1997) cited five main characteristics of tourism:

1. Because of its complexity, tourism is a combination of phenomena and relationships;

2. It has two essential elements: the dynamic element or the journey and the static element
or the stay;
3. The journey and stay are to-and-fro destinations outside the place of residence and work;
4. The movement to destinations is temporary and short-term, with the intention to return
within a few days, weeks, or months; and
5. Destinations are visited for purposes not connected with paid work, that is, not to be
employed and not for business or vocational reasons.

• Tourism in the pure sense is essentially a pleasure activity in which money earned in one's
abode is spent in places visited. In this sense, tourism represents a form of leisure and a
particular form of recreation but does not include all uses of leisure and all forms of

THC 105: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MS. HEIDI A. TORIBIO
 recreation. It includes much travel, but not all forms of travel. Tourism, therefore, is
distinguished from the concepts of leisure and recreation on one hand, and from travel and
migration on the other hand.
• In 1937, the League of Nations defined "tourist" as follows: "A tourist is a person who
visits a country other than that in which he or she usually resides for a period of at least
24 hours." This was held to include persons traveling for pleasure, domestic reasons or
health, persons traveling to meetings or on business, and persons visiting a country on a
cruise vessel even if for less than 24 hours.
• In 1963, a United Nations Conference on International Travel and Tourism recommended
a new definition of a "visitor" as "any person visiting a country other than that of earning
money." This definition covers two classes of visitors:

1. Tourists. Temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours, whose purpose could be

classified as:
a. leisure, such as recreation, holiday, health, study, religion, or sport;
b. business;
c. family;
d. mission; and
e. meeting;

2. Excursionists. Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited
and not making an overnight stay, including cruise travelers, but excluding travelers in
transit.

• At present, most countries of the world accept the definitions of visitor, tourist, and
excursionist that evolved out of the UN Conference on International Travel and Tourism
held in Rome in 1963.

• The word "hospitality" is derived from the Latin word hospitare, which means "to receive
as a guest." This phrase implies that a host is prepared to meet a guest's basic
requirements while the guest is away from home. The requirements of a guest in these
circumstances are food, beverages, lodging, or shelter.

• Several related words come from the same Latin root, including hospital, hospice, and
hostel. In each of these words, the principal meaning is a host who receives, welcomes,
and caters to the needs of people who are temporarily away from their homes.
The Relationship of Tourism and Hospitality
• The major components of this large industry include:
1. Food and Beverage Services
2. Lodging Services
3. Recreation Services
4. Travel-Related (Tourism) Services

• “Network” means a complicated interconnection of parts or components. The components

may independent and competitive businesses; yet, they are interrelated and interdependent.

• The interdependence among the components is strong especially in those countries which
rely on tourism and hospitality for their economic development. Although the components
of the tourism and hospitality network are constantly changing in connection with labor,
opportunity, and growth, the network will continue to dominate as a global industry.

THC 105: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MS. HEIDI A. TORIBIO
 • The Food and Beverage Component
- The public looks for food and beverage services everywhere-in hotels, motels, airlines,
airports, cruise ships, trains, and shopping malls. There must be food service available to
them for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. There are commercial restaurants that
provide food and beverage services such as fast service restaurants, ethnic restaurants, and
specialty restaurants. Aside from restaurants, taverns, bars, kiosks, vending machines,
supermarkets, food stalls, food carts, and food trucks now offer food and beverage services.

-Food service establishments are found in theme parks, in schools and colleges, in hospitals
and homes for senior citizens, in prisons and halfway houses, and in shelters for the
homeless.

• The Lodging Component

- involves providing overnight or even long-term services to guests. For many people,
lodging is a place to sleep. For others, lodging facilities not only provide beds but also
entertainment and recreational facilities. Hence, the lodging industry component has began
to accommodate several customer preferences-from budget motels to luxury hotels and
expensive resorts.

- Lodging facilities such as inns, motor hotels, lodges, or motor inns are hotels and motels
that use different names. There are lodging establishments that use different terms such as
bed and breakfast, resort hotel, resort condominium, conference center, and time-sharing.
There are lodging establishments that offer special facilities such as the ski lodges in
Colorado and casino hotels in Las Vegas and Atlantic City.

-Campgrounds, transient trailer parks, school and college dormitories, summer camps, and
health spas also attend to the lodging needs of those who are away from home.

-In other countries, there are lodging establishments such as the parador-an old Spanish
monastery or castle that was converted to a hotel; pension or pensione-a French or Italian
home in which guests are provided with a room and board; chateau-a French castle or
elegant country home used as a hotel; ryokan-a Japanese inn in which traditional customs
are observed, and hostel-a lodging facility in which inexpensive accommodations are
provided to students and guests on a nonprofit basis.

• Recreation and Entertainment Component

- Entertainment originated from the traditional duties of a host to entertain his or her guests,
whether they are neighbors or travelers from other places. The host has always felt an
obligation to attend to the needs of his or her guests not only for food and beverages and
lodging, but also for entertainment.

-Many centuries ago, innkeepers, tavern-keepers, and their descendants have attended to
their guests' needs for entertainment by talking to their guests. Others told stories. Some
provided games such as darts, draughts, backgammon, or chess. Others employed jugglers
and traveling minstrels.

-Nowadays, the concept of entertaining guests is broader. Guests are offered different kinds
of entertainment and recreational activities such as golf, tennis, hiking, boating, swimming,
handball, casino gambling, and concerts.

THC 105: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MS. HEIDI A. TORIBIO
 • Travel and Tourism Component
- Travel and tourism are used together as an umbrella term to refer to those businesses that
provide primary services to travelers. These include not only food and beverage services,
lodging services, recreation and entertainment services, but also transportation services,
and the services of travel agencies and tour operators.

• Transportation
- The main purpose of transportation is to make it possible for people to go from one place
to another. There are many ways to do this, from the primitive and simple to the modern
and complex. The common means of transportation are automobiles, recreational vehicles
(RVs), buses, trains, ships, and airplanes.

• Travel Agencies and Tour Operator

- are modern additions to the travel and tourism world. Both have become important in the
survival of many businesses in the tourism and hospitality industry.

-Travel Agent is one who sells travel services in a travel agency. He or she sells travel
services that are assembled by others into "packages." In the travel business, a package is
a bundle of related travel services offered to a buyer at a single price.

-Tour operators are wholesalers who make the necessary contacts with hotels, airlines, and
other providers of travel services and devise packages which will appeal to retail buyers.
They are volume purchasers who are able to negotiate lower prices because of their high-
volume purchases. They are able to sell tour packages at a cheaper price than the individual
consumer.

Elements of Travel
1. Distance- is the difference between local travel or traveling within a person's home
community and nonlocal travel or traveling away from home. It excludes commuting to
and from work and change in residence.
-A measure that has been used to distinguish travel away from home is the distance
traveled on a trip.
- Trip is defined as "each time a person goes to a place at least 100 miles away from
home and returns."
-Travelers are individuals who travel at least 100 miles in one direction from home. This
definition may be applied in measuring travel by the residents of a country.

2. Length of Stay at the Destination

-The second basic element of travel used as a criteria for defining travelers is the length
of stay at a destination. The definition of tourists and excursionists as proposed by the
WTO is largely based on length of stay.

3. Residence of the Traveler

The residence or origin of the traveler is the third basic element of travel. For business
and research purposes, it is important to know where people live.

4. Purpose of Travel
The fourth basic element is the purpose of travel. It can be divided into seven:
• visiting friends and relatives;
• conventions, seminars, and meetings;

THC 105: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MS. HEIDI A. TORIBIO
 • business;
• outdoor recreation - hunting, fishing, boating, and camping;
• entertainment-sightseeing, theater, and sports;
• personal-family, medical, funeral, wedding; and
• others.

APPLICATION

Identify the following:

_______________1. The temporary, short term movement of people to destinations outside the
places where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at those
destinations.
_______________2. Movement of people across international boundaries.
_______________3. A geographical unit where the tourist visits and stays.
_______________4. Temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours in the destination visited and
not making an overnight stay.
_______________5. It consists of what the tourist buys.
_______________6. A tour in which the tourist travels to his /her detitanation individually.
_______________7. Another term for package tour.
_______________8. An attraction in which the destination itself has appeal.
_______________9. Facilities such as accommodation, food, transportation, communication,
and entertainment at the destination.
_______________10. The manufacturer of the tourist product.
Enumerate the following:
11-14 The Elements of Travel
15-18 The Basic Components of the Tourism and Hospitality industry.
19-20 Kinds of Visitors

THC 105: MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MS. HEIDI A. TORIBIO