96 Con, Exe, Prysics Experiment No. 4 MELDE’S STRING — i| FREQUENCY OF A TUNING FORK |\\\\\\\\ To determine the frequency of an electrically maintained tuning for! Apparatus ‘The electrically maintained tuning fork, pulley, fine thread, metre scale, scaleps, weight box and common balance. The arrangement consists of a electrically maintained tuning fork. One end fine string is attached to one of the prongs of the fork. The other end of the string carries a scale pan which is passed over a small pulley. Theory According to the theory of vibration of strings, the fundamental frequenc vibration of a string of length ‘/’ and mass per unit length m subjected to a tension? is given by The string attached to the prong of the tuning fork can be arranged to vib two wy 1. Transverse mode of vibration, 2. longitudinal mode of vibration prong of the fork le in a direction perpendicular to the length of the string s called ae pre 3 vibration. If the prong of the fork vibrates in a direct aa ngth of a string is called longitudinal mode of vibration. oc penne gd ae : ai gun eon, the frequency of vibration of the string , Frequency of the fork n =afe If M is the mass suspended at the end of the acceleration due to gravity, String, then T = Mg wher: pa [le eM Son=7 - -(E(4) _ Fi Here | is the length loop vibrating in as mode ie. | is the length of one loop of vibration,Ui ©Pan, lof a tring ‘y of onT Bes ot oaginutinatings, Comp, Exe, Pivsics 97 ode il i goals only halt vine” of vibration, when fork makes one vibration the ie. 2 icy of the = Frequenc fork = 2x frequency of the string, i n 22.3 [F-! Mg _ |g(n | Nm 1m Ym\P b + vr t oS . Bint densities of the solid and liquid we use the solid, whose relati found out as the mass suspended to produce tension. We 1 |M: is aN eat squaring an both sides Mg meegetn? j= > See hm Alm -given experimental set up n? and m are constants. Thus we have Mg aF. ie ‘of the suspended body is directly proportional to square of the length of the mode of vibration. If the length corresponding to the weights of the ‘in air is 1, and that corresponding to its weight in water and liquid are /, and / vely. We get Pw, ak andW,al the formula for relative density of solid and liquid ee weiss Loss of weight in water y rar loss of weight in liquid = Toss of weight in water bt w, -W, = W42898 Comp, Exp, Puysics, Observations and tabulations Mass of the scale pan and mass of the string Resting | Correct mass point =m +(R —R | =k. = .. g/ division Ry Ro g/d Mass of the scale Pan, M, M, Mass of 10 metre length of String, M fs Mass per unit length of the string, im Acceleration due to Bravity, g em! . kgm 9.8ms2. figure. Th i athaste - Then the tuning fork is le string is eae horizontally with its h vibrates in a direction perpen- or3 rams is placed in the scale une ae pias mode. A mass M of about 2 gently adjusted so that the tip of the screw j uit is closed. The screw S is slowly and §pT. The fork begins to vibrate a Just touches the platinum tip of the metal have an appreciable vibration of aie pon does not vibrate adjust the rheostat to ipitly so that the length of the ae 'g- Now the fork is moved forward or back- ing can be adjusted tobserve standin; g waves. Coant the number of well defined loops as p. The length of the loops is measured by . For parallel to the Prong of the fork. Thea tothe length of the string. This is th the fork L -ametre scale as L. Therefore the length of one loop is “p> The experiment is re- peated for different values of mass and each time measure the length of one loop /, M then calculate PE each time. Remember that M is the total mass suspended ie. M=mass placed in the pan + mass of the scale pan. ss of the scale pan is determined by using a common balance by sensibil- M < Having found Pr the mean value is found out. Using the formula for (*) can be calculated. mass per unit length m can be found out by usin; method. For this mass m’ of ten metres of the gi g the common balance by iven string is found. From m ee =, id out. unit length m= 10 can be fount100 Con. Exp. Prvsics To find the frequency Length of a one loop inm 1) Transverse mode ‘Total Mass (including mass] Number & of scale pan) (M) in kgs .. hertz 1) Longitudinal mode Length of one loop (/) in metre M kgm Fes of etn (8) can frequency n = cqgitudinal mode, For this the string is ar- dicular to the prong of the fork. Then the length of the string. This is the longitudinal izontally with its length Perpen ina direction parallel to the I e before for different masses > as eriment is repeated exactly s calculated using the cof the fork is Then the frequency is found out.