Comp. Exp. PHysics 127 Experiment No. 4 ATT LOG GATS aim To fabricate OR, AND and NOT gates using diodes and transistors. Apparatus Two diodes, two batteries of SV each, one resistance of about 1k@, a bread board, a transistor (BC 107), 1k® and 2.2k2.(m-4) Dot pect ) Theory Wp wD . OR gate: In this logic gate there are two inputs A and B which operate in such a way that the output is high if one of the two inputs or both inputs is high. The symbol and truth table are given below. B A+B=Y (a) Symbol of OR gate (b) Truth table for OR gate AND gate: In this logic gate there are two inputs A’and B which operate in such a way that the output is high (ie 1) only when both the inputs are high. The symbol and truth table are given below. INPUT | OUTPUT! a , AB Y B A.B=Y Gnd o (a) 1 0 0 1 1 1 (a) Symbol of AND gate (a) Sym (b) Truth table of AND gate128 Cow. Exp. Pivsics iN NOT gate: This gate is also called as an invertor. The output in this gate is high (i.c.1) when the input is low (i.c. 0). Also when the input is high (i.e, 1) the output is low (i.e, 0), The symbol and truth table for NOT gate are given below. INPUT | OUTPUT Y Yi YsA 0 (a) 1 For NOT gate. (a) Symbol of NOT gate (b) Truth table of NOT gate Procedure I. Realisation of OR gate (circuit diagram) po Clee A Lamp X pV i. L Make the connections as shown in figure in a bread board. Logic level whether high or low in the output is indicated by use of LED. Using the above circuit proceed as follows 1. Connect A and B both to 0 such that both the inputs are low (i.e. 0) and observe the output whether it is higher or low. If it is low the LED does not glow, if it is high LED glows, Record it as | if it is high and zero if it is low. 2. Connect A to 0 and B to P such that A is low and B is high. Record the output Y whether it is high or low. If it is high LED glows on the other hand LED does not glow. 3. Connect A to Pand B to such that A is high and B is low and observe the output ¥. Record itas ifitis high (LED glows), zeo if tis low (LED does not glow). 4, Connect A to P and B also to P such that both inputs A and B are high, Record the output Y. Record the observations in the tabular column,= Comp. Exp, Privsics. 129 fl. Realisation of AND gate (circuit diagram) AZ inputs B Make the connections as shown in figure in a bread board. Logic level whether high or low in the output is indicated by use of LED in the output. Using the above circuit proceed as follows 1. Connect A and B both to O such that both the inputs are low and observe the output whether itis high or low. Record itas 1 if it is high (LED glows) and zero (LED doesn’t glow) if it is low. 2. Connect A to 0 and B to P such that A is low an record it. 3. Connect A to P and B to O such that A is high and B is low. Record the out put we 4. Connect A to P and B to P both are high and record the out put Y. IIL. Realisation of NOT gate (circuit diagram) \d B is high. Note the out put and Circuit for NOT gate = Make the connections as shown in figure in a bread board. Logic level whether high or low in the output is indicated by use of LED.130 Cowr, Exp. Priysics Observations and tabular columns Observations for OR gate INPUT OUTPUT A B Y Observations for AND gate INPUT OUTPUT A B Y = Observations for NOT gate INPUT OUTPUT A Y| a ing the above circuit proceed as follows 1, Connect Ato 9 such that the input is low and observe and record the out put Y whether it is high or low. Record high as 1 (LED glows) and low as zero (LED doesn’t glow). 2, Connect A to P such that the input is high (ie. 1) and record the out put Y. Record high as 1 (LED glows) and low as zero (LED doesn’t glow). Record the observations in the tabular column. Comp, Exp. Prysics 131 Result OR, AND and NOT gates are constructed and truth tables are verified. LOGIC GATES abt ota atag 2 (8 ah PO) outs So Viva Voce’ |. What are logic gates What is a gate Name some of the basic gates How do you characterise a logic gate . How is logic gate defined. . What is the difference between OR gate and AND gate. What are the Boolean expression for AND and OR gates. . What is a NOT gate. : . How do we get a NOR and NAND gate 10, Which gate is a universal gate. CRN Aweepe