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DEC 2O24 BECE MOCK
END OF TERM EXAM (2025 BECE)
INTEGRATED SCIENCE
2 HOURS, 10 MINS
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Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so. While you are waiting, read
and observe the following instructions carefully. Write your name and index
number in ink in the spaces provided above.
This booklet consists of two papers; I and II. Answer Paper 2 which comes first in
your answer booklet and Paper 1 on your Objective Test answer sheet. Paper 2 will
last for 1 hour 25 mins, after which the answer book let will be collected. Do not
start Paper until you are told to do so. Paper 1 will last 45 minutes.

VERY IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS TO YOU IF YOU WANT TO PASS THIS PAPER

1. Read through the questions, brainstorm and plan your answers before you
finally answer them. This is one of the good ways to manage your time in an
exam and to do well.
2. Clearly use simple but detailed sentences and provide the best answers possible
at all times.
3. Write answers that provide additional information. If you just list answers or
provide one to three worded answers where explanations are required, your will
score very low marks or nothing at all.
4. Do well to explain your answers to help earn full marks and give one example at
least. Check your units of measurement, spellings, grammar, update answers
and read over your work before submitting your script.
5. Write question numbers boldly, start every new major question (answers) on a
new page.
6. Do not rewrite the full question before answering. Only write the question
number that corresponded to the answer.
7. Show workings in all instances in section B if the question involves calculations.
 PAPER TWO
This paper is in two sections: A and B. Answer Question 1 (compulsory) in Section A and any other three
questions in Section B. Answer all the questions in your answer booklet.
Credit will be given for clarity of expressions and orderly presentation of materials.
SECTION A [40 marks]
[Compulsory]
Answer all the questions in this section.
1. (a) The diagram below is an illustration of a system in humans. Study the diagram and answer the
questions that follow.

(i) State one function each of the parts labelled I, V and VI. [3 marks]
(ii) Explain briefly how air gets into II. [2 marks]
(iii) Name two diseases that can affect the parts labelled II. [2 marks]
(iv) Outline the path taken by atmospheric air before it reaches II. [3 marks]

(b) The diagram below is an illustration of the Nitrogen Cycle in Aquaponic Systems. Study it
carefully and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Identify two types of bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle shown the diagram and
state their functions. [4 marks]
(ii) Why is it important for ammonia to be converted into nitrates in the aquaponic
system? [2
marks]
(iii) State four activities that can interrupt the nitrogen cycle. [4 marks]

(c) The diagram below illustrates how images are formed by pinhole camera. Study it carefully
and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Identify the parts labelled I, II, III, IV and V. [5 marks]

(ii) State the observation that could be made in the image if the:
(𝛼) image distance and object distance are equal; [1 mark]
(𝛽) pinhole is made smaller; [1 mark]
(𝛾) pinhole is enlarged. [1 mark]
 (iii) State two characteristics of the image formed in the pinhole camera. [2 marks]
(d) Below illustrates an experiment in which a learner added some quantities of hydrochloric
acid to some quantity of sodium hydroxide solution of the same concentration.

(i) State one function each of the parts labelled I, II, III and IV. [4
marks]
(ii) Mention one instrument that could be used to transfer the solution into II. [2 marks]
(iii) What is the name of the reaction that occurred between dilute hydrochloric acid and
sodium hydroxide solution?
[2 marks]
(iv) What is the name of the compound that would be left in an evaporating dish if the
liquid mixture III is heated? [2
marks]

SECTION B - [60 MARKS]

Answer three questions only from this section.
2. (a) Describe briefly the structure of the heart of a mammal. [3 marks]
(b) (i) Why was N2 O named laughing gas? [3 marks]
(ii) Explain the following statements:
(α) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is used to clean grease;
(β) Calcium oxide (CaO) is applied to acidic soil. [6 marks]
(c) (i) What is the nitrogen cycle? [2 marks]
(ii) State three uses of nitrogen to plants. [3 marks]
(d) The figure below illustrates two 3.0 voltage cells are connected in parallel to a bulb in a
circuit. Study it and answer the questions that follow .

When the circuit is closed, a current of 2.0 A is produced. Calculate the resistance of the cells. [3 marks]

3. (a) (i) State two differences each between weak acid and strong base. [2 marks]
(ii) Explain briefly why hydrogen (𝐻2 ) is a molecule. [4 marks]
(b) (i) What is meant by the term circulatory system? [2 marks]
(ii) Name three substances that are transported in the body. [3 marks]
(c) Briefly explain how legumes are able to add nitrogen to the soil. [4 marks]
(d) Below is an illustration of a natural phenomenon. Study the diagram and answer the questions
that follow.
 i. Name the natural phenomenon illustrated in the diagram. [2 marks]
ii. What will be experienced by a person standing in the part labelled v in the diagram? [3 marks]

4. (a) (i) Give the names of the form of nitrogen absorbed by plants. [2 marks]
(ii)Which of the forms stated in d(i) is easily leached from the soil? [2 marks]
(b) (i) Copy and complete the table below:
Compound Constituent elements Chemical formula
Ammonia NH3
Water H and O
Table salt
[4 marks]
(ii) Give two differences between solar eclipse and lunar eclipse. [2 marks]
(c) State the function of each of the following parts of mammalian circulatory system;
(𝛼) heart;
(𝛽) capillary. [4 marks]
(d) Explain why each of the following strategies conserve energy:
(𝛼) Exchanging of old refrigerators for new ones;
(𝛽) Creating large windows and doors in the direction of the prevailing winds.[6 marks]

5. (a) (i) What is eutrophication? [2 marks]

(ii) How does nitrogen cycle contribute to eutrophication? [3 marks]
(b) The illustration below is the way a student diluted concentrated sulphuric acid in the
laboratory.
Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Explain briefly why it is important to dilute the concentrated sulphuric acid in this
manner. [1 mark]
(ii) State and explain one precaution that must be taken in the procedure illustrated in the
diagram. [3 marks]
(iii) How can it be confirmed that the diluted solution is acidic? [3 marks]
(c) (i) Explain why the grasshopper is said to undergo incomplete
metamorphosis. [3 marks]
(ii) State the two active stages in the life cycle of a grasshopper. [2 marks]
(d) An electric iron of resistance 8Ω uses 10 A of an electric current in 2 hours. Calculate the
power rating of the electric iron. [3 marks]
 PAPER 1
OBJECTIVE TEST
Each question is followed by four options lettered A to D. Find out the correct option for each question and
shade in pencil on your answer sheet the answer space which bears the same letter as the option you have
chosen. Give only one answer to each question
1. Which of these is a property of salt? 9. Which of these gases is released during
A. Turns red litmus paper blue. respiration?
B. Tastes sour. A. Hydrogen B. Carbon dioxide
C. Formed by the reaction between an acid and a C. Oxygen D. Nitrogen
base. 10. What is the primary function of the
D. Releases hydrogen ions in solution. respiratory system?
2. How can you save energy while using electronic A. Transport nutrients.
devices? B. Maintain body temperature
A. Leaving devices on standby mode. C. Produce energy.
B. Using energy-consuming appliances. D. Obtain oxygen and eliminate carbon
C. Turning off appliances when not in use. dioxide.
D. Running appliances throughout the day. 11. Which activity helps conserve energy in
3. What is the role of the pulmonary circulation? transportation?
A. Transporting blood to the liver. A. Carpooling with friends.
B. Transporting oxygen-rich blood to the body. B. Frequent solo driving.
C. Carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs for C. Regular engine idling.
oxygenation. D. Using larger vehicles for fewer people.
D. Circulating lymph fluid. 12. What is a key characteristic of specialized
4. What does a base do, when added to an acid? cells?
A. Neutralizes it. A. Lack of specific functions.
B. Decreases the pH. B. Perform specific tasks in the body.
C. Turns red litmus paper green. C. High reproduction rate.
D. Increases the pH. D. Randomly distributed in tissues.
5. How can one conserve energy in water usage? 13. What does H2 O2 represent?
A. Taking shorter showers. A. Sodium hydroxide
B. Keeping taps running constantly. B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Running the dishwasher half-full. C. Hydrogen peroxide
D. Letting the water run while brushing teeth. D. Nitric acid
6. How do the respiratory and circulatory systems work 14. . What is the typical diet of grasshoppers?
together? A. Carnivorous B. Herbivorous
A. Regulating body temperature. C..Omnivorous D. Detritivores
B. Digesting food. 15. How does lightning contribute to the nitrogen
C. Transporting oxygen and nutrients. throughout cycle? It
the body. A. decomposes organic matter.
D. Protecting the body from pathogens. B. fixes atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates.
7. What is the name of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria C. releases nitrogen gas into the
commonly found in the soil? atmosphere.
A. Denitrifying bacteria D. converts nitrates back into nitrogen gas.
B. Rhizobia 16. Sodium carbonate is a binary compound used
C. Ammonifying bacteria in
D. Nitrifying bacteria A. fertilizers. B.glass manufacturing.
8. Hydrochloric acid is an example of a binary C..antiseptics. D. batteries.
compound, consisting of which elements? 17. What is the pH of a strong acid?
A. Hydrogen and chlorine A. 1 B. 7 C. 14 D. Less than 3
B. Hydrogen and carbon 18. What is the chemical formula for carbon
C. Hydrogen and oxygen dioxide?
D. Hydrogen and nitrogen A. CO3
 B. CO2 26. What is formed when light is completely
C. CO blocked by an object? A
D. C2 O A. rainbow. B. shadow.
19. Which gas makes up the majority of earth's C..reflection. D. mirage.
atmosphere? 27. Which of the following is a significant use of
A. Nitrogen B. Oxygen ammonia?
C.. Carbon dioxide D. Hydrogen A. Food coloring B. Fertilizer production
20. Calcium oxide is used primarily in C..Bleaching agent D. Teeth whitening
A. cement production. 28. Which part of the heart is responsible for
B. perfume making. pumping oxygenated blood to the body?
C. food coloring. A. Right atrium B. Left atrium
D. batteries. C..Right ventricle D. Left ventricle
21. Which part of the circulatory system is responsible 29. If a device has a power of 100W and is used for
for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart? 10 hours, what is the total energy consumed?
A. Veins B. Capillaries A. 10 Wh B. 100 Wh
C..Red blood cells D. Arteries C..10000 Wh D. 1000 Wh
30. What is a primary impact of grasshoppers on
22. Which of the following is an example of a binary agriculture?
chemical compound? A. Increase crop yield.
A. Water B. Sodium chloride B. Enhance soil fertility.
C..Vinegar D. Hydrogen peroxide C. Crop damage and loss.
23. If a device consumes 500 watts and is used for 5 D. Reduce water consumption.
hours, how much energy is consumed? 31. Which type of light creates clearer shadows?
A. 1000 Wh B. 5000 Wh A. Dim light B.Direct light
C..2500 Wh D. 2000 Wh C..Flickering light D. Scattered light
24. How does the size of a shadow change with a larger 32. What does the kWh unit represent?
light source? A. Kilowatt-hours
A. Shadow becomes smaller. B. Energy consumption over time
B. Shadow becomes larger. C. Kilowatts per hour
C. Shadow becomes fainter. D. Kilowatt resistance
D. Shadow remains the same size. 33. What causes the formation of shadows?
25. What unit is used to measure energy consumption A. Reflection of light.
over time? B. Absorption of light.
A. Watts B. Volts C. Blocking of light by an object.
C..Amps D. Watt-hours D. Dispersion of light

34. Which acid is found in citrus fruits like .C. Five D. Three
lemons and oranges? 38. Which component of the blood is primarily
A. Acetic acid B. Citric acid responsible for clotting?
C..Hydrochloric acid D. Sulfuric acid A. Red blood cells B. White blood cells
35. What process in the nitrogen cycle .C. Plasma D. Platelets
involves bacteria converting nitrogen gas into 39. What is the first step of the nitrogen cycle?
ammonia? A. Denitrification
A. Nitrogen fixation B. Nitrification B. Nitrification
C.Denitrification D.Decomposition C. Nitrogen fixation
36. In what direction does a shadow form D. Ammonification
in relation to a light source? 40. What is the relationship between power,
A. Behind B. Next to energy, and time?
.C. Opposite D. In front of A. Energy = Power × Time
37. During incomplete metamorphosis, B. Power = Energy × Time
how many stages does a grasshopper undergo? C. Time = Energy × Power
A. Two B. Four D. Energy = Power ÷ Time
END OF FIRST TERM EXAMINATION MARKING SCHEME
SCIENCE
BASIC 9
SECTION A (OBECTIVE TEST) [40MARKS]

1. C 6. C 11. A 16. B 21. D 26. B 31. B 36. C

2. C 7. B 12. B 17. D 22. B 27. B 32. A 37. D
3. C 8. A 13. C 18. B 23. C 28. D 33. C 38. D
4. A 9. B 14. B 19. A 24. B 29. D 34. B 39. C
5. A 10. D 15. B 20. A 25. D 30. C 35. A 40. A

PAPER 2
[60 MARKS]
QUESTION 1
(a)
(i) State one function each of the parts labelled I, V and VI.
I(Larynx or voice box)
 it contains vocal cords, which vibrates to produce sound when one is speaking.
 The larynx helps prevent food and liquids from entering the trachea (windpipe) during
swallowing.
 The larynx controls the flow of air into the lungs.
V (Trachea)
 It carries air from the mouth and nose to the lungs, helping you breathe.
 The has mucus and tiny hairs that trap dust and germs, keeping them from reaching the
lungs.
 The trachea has cartilage rings that keep it open, so air can pass through easily when you
breathe.
VI ( Nose)
 The nose allows air to enter the body when you breathe in and helps expel air when you
breathe out.
 The nose has tiny hairs and mucus that trap dust, dirt, and germs from the air, preventing
them from reaching the lungs.
 The nose adds moisture and warms the air before it enters the lungs, making it easier for
the body to use.
[3 marks @ 1 mark each]
(ii) Explain briefly how air gets into II.
 When air from the surrounding enters through the nose, it passes through the nasal cavity,
from the nasal cavity it passes through the larynx, then to the trachea, from the trachea to
the bronchus, from the bronchus to the bronchioles to the alveoli before finally to the
lungs. [2 marks]
(iii) Name two diseases that can affect the parts labelled II.
 Pneumonia
 Asthma
 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
 Tuberculosis (TB)
 Lung Cancer
 Pulmonary Fibrosis
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
(iv) Outline the path taken by atmospheric air before it reaches II.
 Nostril → larynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus
[3 marks @ 0.5 marks each]
SUB TOTAL = 10 MARKS
(b)
(i) Identify two types of bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle shown Fig.1(b) and
state their functions.
 Nitrosomonas: Converts ammonia (NH₄⁺) into nitrites (NO₂⁻).
 Nitrobacter: Converts nitrites (NO₂⁻) into nitrates (NO₃⁻), which plants can
absorb.
[4 marks @ 2 marks each]
Mere stating score 1 mark each
(ii) Why is it important for ammonia to be converted into nitrates in the aquaponic
system?
 Ammonia is toxic to fish if it accumulates in the water. Converting it into nitrates
makes the water safe for fish and provides essential nutrients for plant growth.
[2 marks]
(iii) State four activities that can interrupt the nitrogen cycle.
 Leaching
 Bushing burning
 Destruction of luminous plant
 Soil erosion
 Over application of nitrogen fertilizer
 Intensive livestock farming
[4 marks @ 1 mark each]
SUB TOTAL = 10 MARKS
(c)
(i) Identify the parts labelled I, II, III, IV and V.
 I = object
 II = Pinhole
 III = light proof box
 IV = image
 V = screen
[5 marks @ 1 mark each]
(ii) State the observation that could be made in the image if the:
(𝛼) image distance and object distance are equal;
 The image size and object are equal [1 mark]
(𝛽) pinhole is made smaller;
 The image is sharper but less bright [1 mark]
(𝛾) pinhole is enlarged.
 The image is blurred but brighter [1 mark]
(iii) State two characteristics of the image formed in the pinhole camera.
 Inverted: The image is upside down (inverted) compared to the object.
 Real: The image formed is real, meaning it can be projected onto a screen.
 Diminished (Smaller): The image is smaller than the actual object.
 Sharp: The image is sharp and clear, as the pinhole creates a focused image.
 Distortion-Free: The image is free from distortion because the pinhole
camera uses a simple optical system.
 Reversed (Left to Right): The image appears reversed from left to right
(laterally inverted)
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
SUB TOTAL = 10 MARKS
(d)
(i) State one function each of the parts labelled I, II, III and IV.
I (Burette)
 It is used for delivering precise volumes of liquid during titrations.
 It allows for the controlled release of liquid, drop by drop.
 It helps in determining the volume of a solution used in a chemical reaction, especially
during titration.
 II (round bottom flask)
 The round shape allows for uniform heating of liquids or solids in the flask.
 It is used for carrying out chemical reactions, especially those involving heating.
 It is commonly used in distillation processes to hold liquids to be heated or vaporized.
III (NaoH solution)
 NaOH (sodium hydroxide) is commonly used to neutralize acids in titration.
 It is used as a strong base in laboratory cleaning solutions.
 NaOH is used to prepare various other chemicals, like soap and detergents, through
saponification.
IV (Retort Stand)
 It provides support for various laboratory equipment like burettes, flasks, and condensers.
 It holds equipment in place during experiments to ensure stability.
 The stand allows for adjusting the height of the attached equipment to facilitate experiments.
[4 marks @ 1 mark each]
(ii) Mention one instrument that could be used to transfer the solution into II.
 Funnel
 Pipette
 Syringe
[2 marks]
Correct spelling score
(iii) What is the name of the reaction that occurred between dilute hydrochloric acid and
sodium hydroxide solution?
 Neutralization reaction [2 marks]
(iv) What is the name of the compound that would be left in an evaporating dish if the
liquid mixture III is heated?
 Sodium chloride crystals [2 marks]
SUB TOTAL = 10 MARKS

QUESTION 1 = 40 MARKS
QUESTION 2
(a) Describe briefly the structure of the heart of a mammal.
 The mammalian heart is a muscular organ divided into four chambers [0.5 mark] two
atria and two ventricles. [0.5 mark] It is enclosed within a protective sac called the
pericardium. [0.5 mark] The atria receive blood returning to the heart, while the
ventricles pump blood out of the heart. [0.5 mark] Valves between chambers prevent
backward flow of blood. [0.5 mark] The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated
blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation, while the left side
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body. [0.5
mark] Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood for its own
nourishment and function.

(b) (i) Why was 𝐍𝟐 𝐎 named laughing gas?

 Nitrous oxide (N2O) earned the nickname "laughing gas" due to the characteristic
euphoric effects it produces when inhaled in small quantities.(1 mark )This gas induces
a temporary altered state of mind, leading to feelings of happiness, giddiness, and
sometimes uncontrollable laughter.(1 mark) These effects led to its association with
laughter, hence the name "laughing gas." However, while it might induce a sense of joy.
(1 mark)
(ii) Explain the following statement:
(α) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is used to clean grease;
 KOH is a strong alkali [1 mark] that reacts with grease (fats and oils) in a
process called saponification [1 mark]. This reaction breaks down the
grease into soap and glycerol, making it easier to clean surfaces. [1 mark]
(β) Calcium oxide (CaO) is applied to acidic soil.
  CaO, also known as quicklime, reacts with water in the soil to form calcium
hydroxide, [1 mark] which neutralizes excess acidity. [1 mark] This
increases the soil's pH, improving fertility and creating a better environment
for plant growth. [1 mark]
(c) (i) What is nitrogen cycle
 The nitrogen cycle is a natural process that describes the movement and
transformation of nitrogen in various forms through the environment.
[2 marks]
(ii) State three uses of nitrogen to plants.
 Supports Growth:
 Enhances Leaf Growth:
 Improves Seed and Fruit Development:
 Increases Resistance to Stress:
 Boosts Nutrient Uptake:
 Enhances Crop Yields:
[3 marks@ 1 mark each]
(d)
Calculate the resistance of the cells.
Voltage (V) = 3.0 V current (I) = 2.0 A
Resistance (R) = ?
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 [1 mark]
3𝑉 = 2 × 𝑅 [1 mark]
3
= 𝑅 = 2 = 1.5Ω [1 mark]
TOTAL = 20 MARKS
QUESTION 3
(a) (i) State two differences each between weak acid and strong base.
Weak acid Strong acid
Partially ionizes in water Fully dissociates in water
Produces fewer ions in solution Produces more ions in solution
Has a lower conductivity in solution Exhibits higher conductivity in solution
pH closer to neutral pH typically higher (greater than 7)
[2 marks @ 1 marks each]
(ii) Explain briefly why hydrogen (𝑯𝟐 ) is a molecule.
 Hydrogen (H2) exists as a molecule because it's composed of two hydrogen atoms
that are chemically bonded together through a shared pair of electrons,[1 mark]
forming a stable structure. [1 mark] This covalent bond holds the atoms together,
[1 mark] resulting in the formation of the H2 molecule. [1 mark]

(b) (i) What is meant by the term circulatory system?

 The circulatory system refers to the network of organs and vessels responsible for
circulating blood, nutrients, gases, and hormones throughout the body. OR
 The circulatory system is a collection of tissues and organs which transports
materials or food or water or oxygen throughout the whole body.
[2 marks]
(ii) Name three substances that are transported in the body.
 Oxygen
 Carbon dioxide
 Nutrients
 Hormones
 Waste products:
  Water [3 marks @ 1 mark each]
(c) Briefly explain how legumes are able to add nitrogen to the soil.
 Legumes have a unique ability to host bacteria called rhizobia in nodules on their
roots. [1 mark] Through a symbiotic relationship, these bacteria convert
atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants, [1 mark] providing them with
essential nitrogen for growth. [1 mark] This process, known as nitrogen fixation,
enhances soil fertility as legumes release nitrogen into the soil when they die or
shed leaves, benefiting other nearby plants. [1 mark]
(d)
(i) Name the natural phenomenon illustrated in the diagram.
 Formation of a shadow from an external source of light. [2 marks]
(ii) What would be experienced by a person standing in the part labelled V
in the diagram.
 A person studying in the V (umbra) will not see the source of light or will not
receive light from the source. [3 marks]

TOTAL = 20 MARKS
QUESTION 4
(a) (i) Give the names of the form of nitrogen absorbed by plants.
 Nitrate ions (NO₃⁻)
 Ammonium ions (NH₄⁺)
 Urea (CO(NH₂)₂) in some cases.
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
(ii) Which of the forms stated in d(i) is easily leached from the soil?
 nitrate ions (NO₃⁻) :This is because nitrate ions are highly soluble in water and do
not bind strongly to soil particles, making them prone to being washed away by rain
or irrigation. [2 marks]

(b) (i) Copy and complete the table below:

Compound Constituent elements Chemical formula
Ammonia Nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H). NH3
Water H and O 𝐇𝟐 𝐎
Table salt Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) NaCl.
[4 marks @ 1 mark each]

(ii) Give two differences between solar eclipse and lunar eclipse.
Solar Eclipse Lunar Eclipse
Occurs when the Moon passes between the Occurs when the Earth passes between the
Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun's light. Sun and the Moon, casting its shadow on
the Moon.
Moon obstructs sunlight, causing a Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, causing
temporary darkening of a portion of the it to darken or turn reddish in a total or
Earth's surface. partial eclipse.
Only visible within a narrow path on the Visible from any location on the nighttime
Earth's surface where the Moon's shadow side of the Earth where the Moon is above
falls (totality). the horizon.
Can be total, partial, or annular depending Can be total, partial, or penumbral,
on the alignment and distance between the depending on the extent of the Earth's
Earth, Moon, and Sun. shadow covering the Moon.
Occurs during the New Moon phase. Occurs during the Full Moon phase.
Requires eye protection to view safely due Safe to view with the naked eye; no eye
to the Sun's intense brightness. protection needed to observe the eclipsed
Moon.
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
 (c) State the function of each of the following parts of mammalian circulatory system;
(𝛼) heart;
 Pumps oxygenated blood to the body through arteries.
 Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
 Maintains blood circulation and pressure in the circulatory system.
(𝛽) capillary.
 Facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissues.
 Allows nutrients and waste products to pass between blood and cells.
 Connects arteries and veins, completing the circulatory loop.
[4 marks @ 2 marks each]
(d) Explain why each of the following strategies conserves energy:
(𝛼) Exchanging of old refrigerators for new ones;
 Upgrading to new refrigerators saves energy due to improved technology and
better insulation, reducing electricity needs for cooling.
(𝛽) Creating large windows and doors in the direction of the prevailing winds.
 Upgrading to new refrigerators saves energy due to improved technology and
better insulation, reducing electricity needs for cooling.
[6 marks @ 3 marks each]
TOTAL = 20 MARKS
QUESTION 5
(a) (i) What is eutrophication?

Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water, such as a lake or pond, becomes
overly enriched with nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen.
[2 marks]
(ii) How does nitrogen cycle contribute to eutrophication?
 The nitrogen cycle contributes to eutrophication by facilitating the overgrowth of algae and
aquatic plants due to the excessive presence of nitrogen compounds in water bodies, eading
to imbalances in the ecosystem and potentially harming aquatic life. [3 marks]
(b)
(i) Explain briefly why it is important to dilute the concentrated sulphuric acid in this
manner.
 To generate explosions since the reaction generates large amount of heat.
[1 mark]

(ii) State and explain one precaution that must be taken in the procedure illustrated in the
diagram.
 Concentrated acids are corrosive to the skin therefore when using it one has to handle it with
care so that it does not come into contact with the skin or dress.
[3 marks]
(iii) How could it be confirmed that the diluted solution is acidic?
 To confirm that diluted solution is acidic, dip blue litmus paper in the solution. Litmus paper
turns red, indicating that solution is acidic.
[3 marks]
(c) (i) Explain why the grasshopper is said to undergo incomplete metamorphosis.
 Grasshoppers undergo incomplete metamorphosis because they develop through three
stages [1 mark]: egg, nymph, and adult, without a pupal stage. [1 mark] The nymph
resembles the adult but lacks wings and reproductive organs, developing fully after
several molts. [1 mark]
(ii) State the two active stages in the life cycle of a grasshopper.
 Nymph
 Adult
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
(d) Calculate the power rating of the electric iron.
Resistance (R) = 8Ω current (I) = 10 A
Power = 𝐼 2 𝑅 [1 mark]
Power = 102 × 8 [1 mark]
Power = 800 W [1 mark]
TOTAL = 20 MARKS