Alternative Route for Land Transportation System Bridge: Tingloy – Mabini, Batangas

by

Cabatay, Koella Sharmel C.

Cantos, John Gabriel

Casao, Gwyneth G.

Closa, Mc Jensen B.

Pre – Calculus

STI College Batangas

Abstract

A bridge is a construction built to allow passage across an impediment, an inaccessible

location. This paper proposes a project that will connect Mabini, Batangas with Tingloy, Batangas

to facilitate transit across the location by means of land transportation. It is a popular tourist

destination for its diving, snorkeling sites, white-sand beaches and spectacular sunsets that can be

accessed by boat. The researchers will discuss the mechanisms used in designing and constructing

the bridge that will connect Tingloy and Mabini Municipality, including the type of bridge,

foundation, and materials, as well as the project's impact on tourism and convenience; locals will

benefit as well as their businesses. Lastly, the factors affecting the bridge's strength, such as the

loads, design, materials, and site condition.

INTRODUCTION

Masasa Beach of Tingloy, Batangas is one of the top 10 Batangas Tourist Spot that has

become a favorite weekend destination of city dwellers because it offers a quiet and calming

ambiance with its long stretch of stunning beach and clear waters (Zen Rooms Blog 2021).

According to 2020 Census in Tingloy Batangas it has a total population of 19,215 which is 0.66%

only of the population of Batangas City. The main source of income in the Municipality of Tingloy

was fishing, Tingloy belongs to a 5th Class Municipality which means they have an average annual

income of 1 million pesos. In the midst of pandemic, the life of humans entered the fast evolution

that we are forced to changed our daily lives with the “New Normal”. Batangas City is now under

the Alert No. 2 that most of the citizens are allowed to go out but only if they are fully vaccinated.
 The Municipality of Tingloy, their situation was not that good, ever since the civilization,

the economic status of Tingloy was still needed to be improved. According to the study conducted

by Edgar M. Reyes titled ‘The case of the coastal livelihood of Tingloy Island and the southwestern

portion of Batangas, Philippines’, states that the fishermen of Tingloy was marginalized by the

disproportionate distribution of the income in favor of middlemen and fish dealers. The support

facilities such as ports, processing units, trading post, etc. was limited and need to be upgraded

because they are necessary to enhanced the local economy of the island. There are many areas that

Tingloy lacks and need to improve for the sake of the residents in the island. While Mabini on the

other hand, is a 1st Class municipality unlike Tingloy, they are doing good because of the diverse

location of the city. The beaches and snorkeling sites played a big part in boosting their economy.

The continuous vast progress of the Mabini can influence the Tingloy by connecting the two

municipalities. Through the proposed bridge project, we can help the both municipalities benefit

with each other and help their local businesses. The bridge is commonly used for easy travelling

from a one place to an inaccessible location, so to discover the place we build them and make sure

they are capable of carrying the loads. Since Tingloy, can only be accessed by boat many residents

and travelers find it hard to go to Tingloy because they only have one option and that is to ride a

boat. The project aims to give the travelers/commuters of Tingloy to have one more option in

accessing the island and that is to have a route for the land transportation.

Objectives of the Study:

The study aims to build a bridge that will serve as an alternative route for the land

transportation to access the island of Tingloy. Specifically, seeks to answer the following:

1. What mechanism used in constructing and designing the bridge that will connect Tingloy,

Batangas and Mabini, Batangas?

 2. What are the impacts of the bridge on the tourism and convenience of both Municipalities

of Tingloy and Mabini, Batangas?

3. What factors that can affect the quality of the bridge?

Scope and Limitations

The study focuses on constructing and designing a bridge that will help the travelers and

commuters of Tingloy, Batangas to travel into and out of the island through land transportation.

The researchers used the common materials in each part according to the resources and past studies

done by professionals to build a sustainable bridge that is enough to withstand sudden occurrence

of any circumstances it may encounter like climate change, strong wind and high waves even tides.

The researcher obtained the information in some legitimate websites like some studies

conducted by professionals. The occurrence of disaster was not included in the building of the

bridge which means we focuses on building an alternative route for land commuters and not with

the earthquake or disaster resistance of the bridge. The estimated value of the dead load and live

load capacity of the bridge was not included in the study.

Significance of the Study

The study was conducted in order to build a bridge that will serve as another option for the

commuters that will love to go to Tingloy and experience the beauty of nature in the island.

The improvement of the transportation system of the island will help the residents to have

additional income just like being a driver of a public transportation like jeepneys or even bus to
travel in the bridge will be an opportunity to increase the employment rate of the Municipality of

Tingloy.

It can also entice the tourist that like to travel using their own vehicles and for some people

who had a hard time dealing with sea sickness they can just drive all the way to the island. By the

increasing of the tourists that will be visiting the island will be a great opportunity to boost their

local businesses and open new businesses.

 LITERATURE REVIEW

This section focuses on reviewing some related literature as the basis of the study. The

researchers gathered information from various references which provide insights and information

for a better understanding of the study.

Structure of the Bridge

The project is a 3.53 km tied arc - suspension bridge that will connect the two points which

is Mabini, Batangas and Tingloy Batangas. A suspension bridge can span from 2,000 to 13,000

feet which is farther than any other type of bridges and also durable from winds and storms. The

design and structure of the bridge can also attract people because of the unique arc and visually

appealing designs that is not common in the country (Greengarage Blog) would be perfect for a

place like Tingloy and Mabini which are one of the most visited places in Batangas.

The budget that was needed to build the bridge’s superstructure will not be that expensive

because of the minimal and affordable materials that are going to be used. The bridge will be

consisting materials such as steels, stones, steel cables that according to research and Professional

Engineers are reliable and provides safety on the travelers or tourists. While the concrete deck and

the pier bent substructure will both use reinforced concrete according to the chosen foundation and

type of bridge. The bridge will be built 100 meters or 12.80 ft. above sea level to still provide space

that boats like fishing boats and boats for transport can go through and will not affect on what they

are accustomed.
The Foundation itself

The foundation type will be caisson foundation and based on the construction.org this kind

of foundation is drilled and built onto the bedrock or underlying soil strata so it can withstand any

events that may affect the foundation such as currents and storms. This type of foundation can

reach the depth such as oceans and rivers (CivilToday). Materials such as timber, structural steel,

masonry and reinforced concrete will be needed to build a caisson type of foundation. Caisson

Foundation is an environment friendly type of foundation because it produces less sound pollution

and reduce the vibrations that may affect the organic and inorganic things underwater such as the

fishes and corals that Mabini, Batangas are preserving. This type of foundation can easily adapt to

the varying underwater soil conditions.

Type of Bridge Design

Suspension bridge and arc bridge is a good set of bridges that may provide the expected

strength that is needed to be capable of holding different loads and maintain the strength and

durability of the bridge. Some of the advantages of suspension bridge according to

futureofworking.com is that this kind of bridge is easier to maintain than the other types because

there will only be a few materials needed to maintain its upkeep once it is finished and complete.

This type of bridge is especially made to cover long spans. Meanwhile a tied arc bridge is also a

good choice to also provide much more structural stability on the bridge and based on the research

conducted on civilwale.com this type of bridge is extremely strong because it allows the pressure

to spread along the arcs of the bridge which means there is no part of the bridge that receives high

amount of pressure. Its half circle design also prevents the bridge to change due to bending making

it efficient and reliable. Even though the two types of bridge that was mentioned have many

advantages, it also has its weaknesses like the need of regular maintenance and monitoring, and
the efforts needed to ensure the bridge can withstand different calamities and problems that may

affect the bridge. But these weaknesses can be countered by using effective designs and materials

so that the bridge will not approach any problems anymore.

The Location

The bridge’s starting point will be built connecting to a road called Mabini Circumferential

Road that will be connected to the main road near the Tingloy Port to avoid the intersecting with

the boat’s route. Mabini, Batangas a 1st Class municipality is just 128.5 km far or 2 hours and 50-

minute trip from Manila and it is known for its diving and snorkeling sites while Tingloy, Batangas

belongs to 5th Class Municipality is accessible by riding a boat from Mabini, Batangas and it is

known for its beautiful white sand beach and amazing sunsets according to the reviews and

comments of the tourist that visited the place. So, by building the bridge, it will provide ease on

transportation from Mabini to Tingloy, Batangas aside from riding a boat. The tourism in Batangas

will increase and the business owners such as local vendors and the whole city of Tingloy itself

will benefit from the tourism. The bridge will also provide a landmark and be much more known

because of the creative and brilliant designs that will make the place much more known and visited

by many tourists.
 CONCLUSIONS

This section will discuss the summary of the study as well as the discussion of the

objectives and the recommendations for further researchers.

Summary

The bridge to be built in between Mabini, Batangas and Tingloy, Batangas is a 3.53 km

tied-arch-suspension inspired bridge with the caisson type of foundation along with the concrete

deck and pier bent substructure. The proponents of this bridge sought to construct a bridge that has

stability and strength that is enough to provide a land transport system for the travelers/commuters

of both Tingloy and Mabini, Batangas. According to the Literature Review presented, it was

evident that suspension and arch type of bridge can provide the expected strength. Both have

advantages that will most likely achieve the objectives of the proposed project. Though they have

their own weaknesses, such unwanted circumstances due to this may be avoided by having further

research about the best materials to be used for the construction. To make this project happen, it

needs to have a set of superstructure materials which includes the concrete and different types of

steel such as carbon steel, high strength steel, weathering steel and heat-treated carbon steel. While

the substructure will only need the reinforced concrete and the caisson foundation will be using

timber, structural steel, masonry and also reinforced concrete. The bridge’s starting point will be

built connecting to a road called Mabini Circumferential Road that will be connected to the main

road near the Tingloy Port to avoid the intersecting with the boat’s route. The bridge will be built

100 meters or 12.80 ft. above sea level to make sure that there was enough space for a boat to pass

under the bridge. The enhancing of the transportation system in the island by providing the route

for the land transportation will be a great help to the economy and livelihood of the residents of

Tingloy. The two municipalities were able to benefit with each other and make use of their tourist
spots to improve the lives of their citizens through the bridge that connecting the both of them.

Many doors of an ensured future will be opened through the conduction of the bridge.

Discussion

1. What mechanism used in constructing and designing the bridge that will connect Tingloy,

Batangas and Mabini, Batangas?

The mechanisms that were used in designing and constructing the bridge include the type

of bridge, foundation, and materials. In order to construct a bridge, you must consider the type of

bridge. The types of materials utilized, as well as the types of loads, are only a few of the factors

that influence the selection of the type of bridge.

Aside from the type of bridge, consider also the type of foundation which is the Caisson

Foundation that holds the entire weight of the bridge as well as the live loads that it will carry that

will be built using the timber, structural steel, masonry and also reinforced concrete which

according to the past project conducted by professionals are pretty reliable and proven. This kind

of foundation is drilled and built onto the bedrock or underlying soil strata so it can withstand any

events that may affect the foundation such as currents and storms.

Materials such as concrete, steel and stones are used to carry out bridge construction. Those

materials have numerous advantages beyond their strength, capacity to support compression

stresses and affordability on construction projects. The cost of each part of the bridge such as

superstructure, deck, substructure and the foundation are just the estimated values.

2. What are the impacts of the bridge on the tourism and convenience of both Municipalities of

Tingloy and Mabini, Batangas?

 This study found that greater exposure in Mabini and Tingloy Municipalities is one of the

project's impacts on tourism. As boats are the only way to access the island, the project makes it

more accessible. As a result, tourists appreciate the island's beauty even more. Locals are benefited,

as their businesses and the economy of the island. Many new doors will be opened after the

evolution of the transportation system of the islands. Transporting goods and local products of

both municipalities will also be possible that can help their local businesses. The gross income of

the two places will gradually increase as time pass by and exchanging of necessities are yet to

seen. More professional will come and help Tingloy to be more civilized and diverse through the

evolution of different civil works that are not yet present in the island but can help to enhance the

status of Tingloy.

3. What factors that can affect the quality of the bridge?

Factors affecting the bridge's strength comprises loads, design, materials and site's

condition. Since tension and compression shift day from day, the bridge's weight affects the

strength. Cars and peoples (live loads) have a significant impact on the bridge's strength since the

bridge must carry such loads to execute its purpose. The design of a bridge has a huge impact on

its strength, particularly if the design is prioritized over the bridge's stability. The strength of the

bridge will be influenced also by the materials used. Engineers carefully select materials by

considering the forces that the materials will be subjected to during the life span. Since concrete,

steel, and stones are inexpensive and proved durable in both tension and compression, they are

commonly used in bridge construction. The bridge's strength depends on the state of the site where

it is being constructed. Since the site includes a water crossing, additional considerations should

be taken during the bridge c onstruction. The cost of materials given was only estimated value.

The estimated value was obtained by multiplying the cost and the quantity.
Where:

Cost = Cost of the materials × quantity

Quantity = Area of the bridge (height × length)

Caisson Foundation Costing

• Timber ₱ 8,945,340
• Steel ₱ 1,902,015
• Masonry ₱ 14,488,000
• Reinforced concrete ₱ 14,696,265
Substructure
• Reinforced concrete ₱8,204,265
Deck
• Concrete ₱18,751,200
• Steel ₱1,319,840
Superstructure
• Concrete ₱20,603,872
• Steel ₱1,463,650
Recommendations

Based on the conclusion made, the following are the suggestions and recommendations to

the future researchers for the improvement of the study.

1. For the enhancement of the quality of the Bridge, add some disaster resistance to the

constructing of the bridge to make it sure it can withstand simple tremors and light

earthquakes or other disasters.

2. If there is a budget given for the construction of bridge, make sure to use the most available

materials.

3. The value of dead loads and live loads should be included and take in mind in constructing

the bridge.
References

• https://www.zenrooms.com/blog/post/batangas-tourist-spot/

• https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r04a/batangas/tingloy.html

• https://doaj.org/article/d1a82b67fc9c46ddbb1e595ec27377a6

• https://greengarageblog.org/9-main-pros-and-cons-of-suspension-

bridges?fbclid=IwAR2SRwiHXZXDrhIPviRUswgsoID5wLgvPKvXh_1K4mGR

zWfPCqPCfcgkwGo

• https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/caisson-types-construction-

advantages/503/?amp=1

• https://futureofworking.com/8-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-suspension-

bridges/

• https://civilwale.com/tied-arch-bridge/