ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY

Exercise: Nervous System

NAME:_______________________________

I. Choose the key responses that best correspond to the descriptions provided in the
following statement. Insert the appropriate letter answer blanks.

Key Choices

A. Autonomic nervous system C. peripheral nervous System

B. Central nervous system D. Somatic nervous System

_______1. Nervous system subdivision that is composed of the brain and spinal cord
_______2. Subdivision of the PNS that controls voluntary activities such as the activation of
the skeletal muscles.
_______3. Nervous system subdivision that is composed of the cranial and spinal nerves and
ganglia.
_______4. Subdivision of PNS that regulates the activity of the heart and smooth muscle, and
of glands, it is also called the involuntary nervous system.
_______5. A major subdivision of the nervous system that interprets incoming information
and issues orders
_______6. A major subdivision of the nervous system that serves as communication lines,
linking all parts of the body to the CNS

II. The exercise emphasizes the difference between neurons and neuroglia. Indicate which
cell type is identified by the following descriptions. Insert the appropriate letter on the
space provided.
Key choices:
A. Neurons B. Neroglia

_______1. Support, insulate and protect cells

_______2. Demonstrate irritability and conductivity, and thus transmit electrical messages
from one area of the body to another area
_______3. Release neurotransmitters
_______4. Are amitotic
_______5. Able to divide, therefore are responsible for most brain neoplasms

1|P age
III. Relative to the neuron anatomy, match the anatomical terms given in column B with
the appropriate description of functions provided in column A. Place the correct letter
response in the space provided.

Column A Column B
________1. Release neurotransmitters A. axon
________2. Conducts electrical currents toward the cell body B. Axon terminal
________3. Increases the speed of impulse transmission C. Dendrite
________4. Location of the nucleus D. Myelin Sheath
________5. Generally Conducts impulses away from the E. Cell Body
Cell body

IV. Using the key choices, select the terms identified in the following descriptions by
inserting the appropriate letter in the space provided.

Key Choices:
A. Afferent Neuron F. Neuroglia K. Proprioreceptors
B. Interneuron G. Neurotransmitters L. Schwann Cells
C. Cutaneous sense organs H. Nerve M. Synapse
D. Efferent Neuron I. Nodes of Ranvier N. Stimuli
E. Ganglion J. Nuclei O. Tract

_________1. Sensory receptors found in the skin, which are specialized to detect temperature,
pressure changes and pain
_________2. Specialized cells that myelinate the fibers of neurons found in the PNS
_________3. Junction or point of close contact between neurons
_________4. Bundle of nerve processes inside the CNS
_________5. Neuron, serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor
neurons
_________6. Gaps in a myelin sheath
_________7. Collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS
_________8.neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands
_________10. Changes, occurring within or outside the body, that affect nervous system
functioning
_________11. Neuron that conducts impulses towards the CNS from the body periphery
_________12. Chemicals released by neurons that stimulate other neurons, muscles or glands

2|P age
V. The figure below is a diagram of a neuron. Identify the parts indicated on the
illustration leader lines.

8.

1.

7. 2.

6.
3

5. .

4.

VI. Complete the following statements by inserting your answer in the answer blanks.

The largest part of the human brain is the paired 1.

__________________________. The other major subdivisions of the brain are the 2.
_________________________ and the 3. ____________________________. The cavities
found in the brain are called 4. ________________________. They contain 5.
____________________________.

3|P age
VII. The diagram depicted below is the human brain. Match the letters on the diagram with
the following list of terms and insert the appropriate letters in the answer blank.

______1. Frontal lobe ______7. Medulla oblangata

______2. Parietal lobe ______8. Longitudinal fissure
______3. Temporal lobe ______9.sulci
______4. Occipital lobe ______10. Cerebellum
______5. Central Sulcus ______11.parieto-occipital fissure
______6. Pons

VIII. Identify the meningeal structures describe below.

__________________________1. Outermost covering of the brain, composed of tough fibrous

connective tissue
__________________________2. Innermost covering of the brain, delicate and vascular
__________________________3. Strucutres that return cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood
in the dural sinuses
__________________________4. Middle meningeal layer, like a cobweb in structure
__________________________5. Its outer layer forms periosteum of the skull

4|P age
 IX. The diagram below shows the sagittal section of the human brain. Identify the
structures labeled in the leader lines.

1.

2. 6.

3.

4.
7.
5.

X. The illustration below is the cross section view of the meninges of the brain. Name the
meninges labeled in the leader line.

2. 1.

3.

4.

5|P age
XI. Complete the following statements by inserting your responses.

The spinal cord extends from the 1. __________________________of the skull to the 2.
__________________________region of the vertebral column. The meninges, which cover the
spinal cord, extend more inferiorly to form a sac from which cerebrospinal fluid can be
withdrawn without damage to the spinal cord. The procedure is called a 3.
___________________________. 4.___________pairs of spinal nerves arise from the cord. Of these,
5. _________pairs are cervical nerves, 6. __________ pairs are thoracic nerves, 7.
______________pairs are lumbar nerves and 8. _________pairs are sacral nerves. The tail like
collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord is called the 9.
____________________.

XII. The 12 pairs of cranial nerves are indicated by leader lines below. Label each by name
and Roman Numeral on the figur

12.

11.

10.
1.
9.
2.
8.

7. 3.

4.
5.
6..

e.

6|P age
XIII. Provide the number of the cranial nerves involved in each of the following activities,
sensations or disorders.
_________________1. Shrugging of the shoulders
_________________2. Smelling a flower
_________________3. Raising the eyelids and focusing the lens of the eye for
accommodation, constriction of the eye pupils
_________________4. Slows the heart rate, increases the mobility of the digestive tract
_________________5. Involved in smiling
_________________6. Involved in chewing gum
_________________7. Listening to music, seasickness
_________________8. Secretion of saliva, tasting well seasoned food
_________________9. Involved in moving the eye in any directions
_________________10. Feeling a toothache
_________________11. Reading a anatomy and physiology book
_________________12. Purely sensory nerves

XIV. Identify whether the following activities below are parasympathetic or sympathetic
activities of the body. Write the Letter A if it is Parasympathetic and B if Sympathetic.

____________1. Constricts pupil

____________2. Dilates Bronchioles
____________3. Decreases heart rate
____________4. Relaxes sphincter of the urinary bladder
____________5.decrease urine output
____________6. Result in dry mouth
____________7. Causes ejaculation of semen
____________8. Stimulate fats breakdown
____________9. Dilates pupil
____________10. Increases blood pressure

7|P age
XV. Below is the diagrammatic view of the nerve wrapped in its connective tissue coverings.
Label each sheath s indicated by leader line

1.

2
1.

3..

8|P age