Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-25-0658

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, May 2, 2025

Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2025

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 177,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was
unchanged at 4.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued
to trend up in health care, transportation and warehousing, financial activities, and social assistance.
Federal government employment declined.

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
April 2023 – April 2025 seasonally adjusted, April 2023 – April 2025
Percent Thousands

5.5 500

5.0 400

4.5 300

4.0 200

3.5 100

3.0 0

2.5 -100
Apr-23 Jul-23 Oct-23 Jan-24 Apr-24 Jul-24 Oct-24 Jan-25 Apr-25 Apr-23 Jul-23 Oct-23 Jan-24 Apr-24 Jul-24 Oct-24 Jan-25 Apr-25

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.2 percent in April and has remained in a narrow range
of 4.0 percent to 4.2 percent since May 2024. The number of unemployed people, at 7.2 million,
changed little in April. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.0 percent), adult women
(3.7 percent), teenagers (12.9 percent), Whites (3.8 percent), Blacks (6.3 percent), Asians (3.0
percent), and Hispanics (5.2 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2,
and A-3.)

In April, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) increased by
179,000 to 1.7 million. The long-term unemployed accounted for 23.5 percent of all unemployed
people. (See table A-12.)

Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.6 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at
60.0 percent, changed little in April. These measures have shown little change over the year. (See
table A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.7 million, changed little in
April. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time
because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In April, the number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at
5.7 million. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively
looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See
table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached to
the labor force, at 1.6 million, changed little in April. These individuals wanted and were available
for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the
4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally
attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, also changed little over the month at
414,000. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 177,000 in April, roughly in line with the average
monthly gain of 152,000 over the prior 12 months. In April, employment continued to trend up in health
care, transportation and warehousing, financial activities, and social assistance. Federal government
employment declined. (See table B-1.)

Health care added 51,000 jobs in April, about the same as the average monthly gain of 52,000 over the
prior 12 months. In April, job growth continued in hospitals (+22,000) and ambulatory health care
services (+21,000).

Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 29,000 in April, following little change
in the prior month (+3,000). Job gains occurred in warehousing and storage (+10,000), couriers and
messengers (+8,000), and air transportation (+3,000) in April. Transportation and warehousing had
added an average of 12,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months.

In April, financial activities employment continued to trend up (+14,000). The industry has added
103,000 jobs since its employment trough in April 2024.

-2-
Employment in social assistance continued its upward trend in April (+8,000) but at a slower pace than
the average monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+20,000).

Within government, federal government employment declined by 9,000 in April and is down by
26,000 since January. (Employees on paid leave or receiving ongoing severance pay are counted as
employed in the establishment survey.)

Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; retail trade;
information; professional and business services; leisure and hospitality; and other services.

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents, or 0.2
percent, to $36.06. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 3.8 percent. In
April, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 10
cents, or 0.3 percent, to $31.06. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3 hours in
April. In manufacturing, the average workweek edged down by 0.2 hour to 40.0 hours, and overtime
was unchanged at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours in April. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised down by 15,000, from
+117,000 to +102,000, and the change for March was revised down by 43,000, from +228,000 to
+185,000. With these revisions, employment in February and March combined is 58,000 lower than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and
government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 6, 2025, at 8:30
a.m. (ET).

-3-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Change from:
Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Category Mar. 2025-
2024 2025 2025 2025
Apr. 2025

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268,066 272,847 273,023 273,197 174
Civilian labor force.......................................................... . 167,988 170,359 170,591 171,109 518
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.4 62.5 62.6 0.1
Employed.................................................................. . 161,495 163,307 163,508 163,944 436
Employment-population ratio......................................... . 60.2 59.9 59.9 60.0 0.1
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,492 7,052 7,083 7,165 82
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 0.0
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,078 102,487 102,431 102,088 -343
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 0.0
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 0.2
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.7 0.0
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 12.9 13.7 12.9 -0.8
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 0.1
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.0 6.2 6.3 0.1
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.0 -0.5
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ . 4.8 5.2 5.1 5.2 0.1
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4 0.1
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 6.0 5.8 6.2 0.4
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 -0.1
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.7 0.2
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. . 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.5 -0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs................... . 3,225 3,316 3,313 3,453 140
Job leavers..................................................................... . 785 918 870 855 -15
Reentrants...................................................................... . 1,949 2,208 2,176 2,236 60
New entrants................................................................... . 581 662 739 701 -38
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,273 2,337 2,362 2,185 -177
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. . 1,990 2,152 2,146 2,269 123
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 1,031 1,006 988 -18
27 weeks and over............................................................ . 1,253 1,455 1,495 1,674 179
Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,463 4,937 4,780 4,690 -90
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,054 3,292 3,156 3,150 -6
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,145 1,253 1,255 1,260 5
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... . 22,238 22,435 22,625 22,723 98
People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,560 1,704 1,687 1,616 -71
Discouraged workers....................................................... . 364 464 509 414 -95

NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.

Category 2024 2025 2025p 2025p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 102 185 177
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 107 170 167
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 24 9 11
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7 4 -1 1
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 12 7 11
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 3 -1
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 -2 2
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.4 5.8 -1.1 -4.7
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 5 -3
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 83 161 156
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 7.1 -0.8 5.8
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 -3.8 21.7 -1.8
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6 18.3 2.7 29.0
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 0.8 1.4 -0.6
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7 0 -2 0
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 15 6 14
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 15 3 17
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10.0 -2.2 -2.7 3.6
Private education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 65 74 70
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.5 57.4 77.2 58.2
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 -34 38 24
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 0 17 -1
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11 -5 15 10
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 179 133 155
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 158 119 148
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 49.9 49.8 49.9
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.4 48.4 48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 81.5 81.5 81.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 34.2 34.3 34.3
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $34.75 $35.90 $36.00 $36.06
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,188.45 $1,227.78 $1,234.80 $1,236.86
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 116.4 116.9 117.0
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.6 199.8 201.2 201.7
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 0.6 0.7 0.2
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (250 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 56.2 54.0 54.6
Manufacturing (72 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 59.0 43.8 42.4

1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
136,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly
Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than
sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses
into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance
on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?

No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All people
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?

Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment
estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees
have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any
part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more
information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of people who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a
measure of the number of people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad
weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; labor force as a percent of the population, and
establishment survey). The household survey provides the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
information on the labor force, employment, and percent of the population. Additional information
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked about the household survey can be found at
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
The establishment survey provides information on drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each those who worked or received pay for any part of the
month from the payroll records of a sample of reference pay period, including people on paid leave. People
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data
CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and are produced for the private sector for all employees and for
government agencies, representing approximately 631,000 production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. employees in private service-providing industries.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a Industries are classified on the basis of an
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 2022 version of the North American Industry Classification
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the System. Additional information about the establishment
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on surveys. Among these are:
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample • The household survey includes agricultural
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
the labor force. are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
People are classified as employed if they did any work private household workers among the employed.
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked These groups are excluded from the establishment
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or survey.
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were • The household survey includes people on unpaid
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad leave among the employed. The establishment
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal survey does not.
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of • The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
the following criteria: they had no employment during the of age and older. The establishment survey is not
reference week; they were available for work at that time; limited by age.
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the • The household survey has no duplication of
reference week. People laid off from a job and expecting individuals, because individuals are counted only
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the establishment survey, employees working at more
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for than one job and thus appearing on more than one
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and
unemployed. Those people not classified as employed or
unemployed are not in the labor force. The
Seasonal adjustment Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor Statistics based on the household and establishment
force and the levels of employment and unemployment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such differ from the true population values they represent. The
seasonal variation can be very large. component of this difference that occurs because samples
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
developments, such as declines in employment or increases than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000. Suppose the
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the monthly change would range from -86,000 to +186,000
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-the-
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make month change lies within this interval. Since this range
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
activity. rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
as total payroll employment, employment in most major unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
by aggregating independently adjusted component series. as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be In general, estimates involving many individuals or
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and small number of observations. The precision of estimates
duration are derived from the sum of the independently also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
seasonally adjusted component series and will not as for quarterly and annual averages.
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally The household and establishment surveys are also
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa. population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
For both the household and establishment surveys, a in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current processing of the data.
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated that the estimate is considered final.
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
 Another major source of nonsampling error in the The sample-based estimates from the establishment
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an administrative records of the unemployment insurance
estimation procedure with two components is used to program. The difference between the March sample-based
account for business births. The first component excludes employment estimates and the March universe counts is
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains for total survey error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes
from business births. This is incorporated into the sample- in the classification of industries when necessary. Over the
based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment. Other information
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived relay services.
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268,066 273,023 273,197 268,066 269,638 272,685 272,847 273,023 273,197
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,484 170,653 170,622 167,988 168,547 170,744 170,359 170,591 171,109
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.7 62.5 62.6 62.4 62.5 62.6
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,590 163,412 164,043 161,495 161,661 163,895 163,307 163,508 163,944
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 59.9 60.0 60.2 60.0 60.1 59.9 59.9 60.0
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,894 7,242 6,580 6,492 6,886 6,849 7,052 7,083 7,165
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,582 102,369 102,574 100,078 101,091 101,941 102,487 102,431 102,088
People who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,502 5,600 5,536 5,639 5,505 5,479 5,893 5,915 5,674
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,694 133,175 133,260 130,694 131,455 133,010 133,089 133,175 133,260
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,472 90,318 90,440 88,738 89,295 90,393 89,987 90,244 90,683
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 67.8 67.9 67.9 67.9 68.0 67.6 67.8 68.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,187 86,216 86,678 85,235 85,620 86,733 86,226 86,443 86,724
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 64.7 65.0 65.2 65.1 65.2 64.8 64.9 65.1
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,285 4,102 3,761 3,503 3,675 3,660 3,761 3,800 3,959
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.5 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,222 42,857 42,821 41,956 42,160 42,617 43,102 42,932 42,577
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,763 124,082 124,166 121,763 122,480 123,918 123,996 124,082 124,166
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,347 87,135 87,269 85,406 85,945 87,067 86,594 86,887 87,299
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 70.2 70.3 70.1 70.2 70.3 69.8 70.0 70.3
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,424 83,485 83,930 82,346 82,739 83,803 83,311 83,563 83,849
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 67.3 67.6 67.6 67.6 67.6 67.2 67.3 67.5
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,923 3,650 3,339 3,060 3,206 3,264 3,283 3,324 3,450
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.0
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,416 36,946 36,897 36,357 36,535 36,851 37,402 37,195 36,867
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,372 139,848 139,937 137,372 138,183 139,674 139,758 139,848 139,937
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,011 80,336 80,183 79,250 79,252 80,351 80,372 80,348 80,426
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 57.4 57.3 57.7 57.4 57.5 57.5 57.5 57.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,403 77,195 77,364 76,260 76,041 77,162 77,081 77,065 77,220
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 55.2 55.3 55.5 55.0 55.2 55.2 55.1 55.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,609 3,140 2,819 2,989 3,211 3,189 3,291 3,283 3,206
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.9 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,361 59,512 59,754 58,122 58,931 59,324 59,385 59,500 59,511
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,742 131,080 131,167 128,742 129,518 130,908 130,991 131,080 131,167
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,901 77,153 77,155 75,967 75,994 77,203 77,115 76,997 77,224
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 58.9 58.8 59.0 58.7 59.0 58.9 58.7 58.9
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,579 74,398 74,624 73,316 73,135 74,380 74,205 74,159 74,362
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 56.8 56.9 56.9 56.5 56.8 56.6 56.6 56.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,322 2,754 2,531 2,651 2,859 2,822 2,910 2,838 2,862
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,841 53,927 54,012 52,774 53,524 53,706 53,876 54,082 53,944
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,561 17,862 17,863 17,561 17,640 17,859 17,860 17,862 17,863
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,236 6,366 6,199 6,614 6,607 6,474 6,650 6,707 6,586
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5 35.6 34.7 37.7 37.5 36.3 37.2 37.6 36.9
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,587 5,528 5,488 5,833 5,786 5,712 5,792 5,786 5,733
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 31.0 30.7 33.2 32.8 32.0 32.4 32.4 32.1
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 837 711 781 821 763 858 921 853
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 13.2 11.5 11.8 12.4 11.8 12.9 13.7 12.9
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,326 11,496 11,665 10,947 11,033 11,385 11,210 11,154 11,278

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, race, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204,831 207,221 207,291 204,831 205,598 207,088 207,147 207,221 207,291
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,369 128,796 128,770 127,708 127,827 128,988 128,548 128,769 129,121
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 62.2 62.1 62.3 62.2 62.3 62.1 62.1 62.3
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,298 123,888 124,236 123,221 123,213 124,431 123,726 123,993 124,172
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 59.8 59.9 60.2 59.9 60.1 59.7 59.8 59.9
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,071 4,908 4,534 4,487 4,614 4,557 4,822 4,776 4,948
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,463 78,425 78,521 77,123 77,770 78,100 78,599 78,452 78,171
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,960 66,564 66,684 66,005 66,244 66,794 66,365 66,454 66,743
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 69.6 69.7 69.9 69.8 69.9 69.4 69.5 69.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,887 64,087 64,311 63,818 64,087 64,721 64,049 64,217 64,266
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 67.0 67.2 67.5 67.6 67.7 67.0 67.1 67.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,073 2,477 2,373 2,187 2,156 2,073 2,316 2,237 2,477
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,561 57,333 57,272 56,608 56,502 57,063 57,060 57,193 57,308
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 58.1 58.0 58.0 57.6 57.8 57.8 57.9 58.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,995 55,489 55,599 54,831 54,607 55,195 55,117 55,307 55,422
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 56.2 56.3 56.2 55.7 55.9 55.8 56.0 56.1
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,565 1,844 1,673 1,776 1,895 1,868 1,943 1,887 1,886
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,848 4,900 4,814 5,095 5,082 5,131 5,123 5,122 5,070
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.2 38.2 37.6 40.1 40.0 40.0 39.9 40.0 39.6
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,416 4,312 4,326 4,572 4,519 4,516 4,560 4,470 4,484
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 33.6 33.8 36.0 35.5 35.2 35.6 34.9 35.0
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 588 488 523 563 616 562 653 586
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 12.0 10.1 10.3 11.1 12.0 11.0 12.7 11.6
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,918 35,687 35,719 34,918 35,194 35,621 35,653 35,687 35,719
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,021 22,166 22,173 22,047 21,971 22,260 22,340 22,196 22,189
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 62.1 62.1 63.1 62.4 62.5 62.7 62.2 62.1
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,892 20,787 20,886 20,804 20,640 20,874 21,002 20,826 20,790
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 58.2 58.5 59.6 58.6 58.6 58.9 58.4 58.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,128 1,380 1,287 1,244 1,331 1,386 1,339 1,370 1,399
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 6.2 5.8 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.2 6.3
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,897 13,520 13,546 12,870 13,223 13,361 13,313 13,491 13,531
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,187 10,522 10,506 10,192 10,207 10,451 10,347 10,511 10,504
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 69.3 69.2 68.7 68.2 69.0 68.3 69.3 69.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,670 9,836 9,941 9,657 9,631 9,728 9,773 9,870 9,918
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 64.8 65.5 65.1 64.4 64.2 64.5 65.1 65.3
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 686 565 535 576 723 574 641 586
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 6.5 5.4 5.2 5.6 6.9 5.5 6.1 5.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,012 10,860 10,939 10,993 10,986 11,133 11,174 10,857 10,925
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 60.9 61.3 62.9 62.4 62.5 62.7 60.9 61.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,538 10,325 10,357 10,441 10,388 10,534 10,566 10,300 10,262
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 57.9 58.0 59.8 59.0 59.2 59.3 57.8 57.5
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 535 581 553 598 598 607 557 663
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.9 5.3 5.0 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.1 6.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 785 729 862 778 677 820 828 760
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 29.3 27.2 33.1 29.5 25.3 30.6 30.9 28.3
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 626 588 706 621 612 662 655 610
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 23.4 21.9 27.1 23.5 22.9 24.8 24.5 22.8
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 159 141 156 157 64 157 172 149
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.8 20.3 19.3 18.1 20.2 9.5 19.2 20.8 19.6

See footnotes at end of table.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, race, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,816 19,241 19,270 17,816 18,174 19,111 19,097 19,241 19,270
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,485 12,688 12,652 11,551 11,680 12,359 12,512 12,653 12,714
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 65.9 65.7 64.8 64.3 64.7 65.5 65.8 66.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,182 12,258 12,297 11,221 11,267 11,906 12,113 12,213 12,329
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.7 63.8 63.0 62.0 62.3 63.4 63.5 64.0
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 430 355 329 413 453 399 441 385
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.4 2.8 2.9 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.0
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,331 6,553 6,618 6,265 6,494 6,752 6,585 6,588 6,556

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,667 51,083 51,191 48,667 49,483 50,869 50,977 51,083 51,191
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,757 34,398 34,416 32,767 33,415 33,997 34,083 34,330 34,442
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 67.3 67.2 67.3 67.5 66.8 66.9 67.2 67.3
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,296 32,592 32,738 31,179 31,702 32,373 32,301 32,578 32,649
Employment-population ratio.............. . 64.3 63.8 64.0 64.1 64.1 63.6 63.4 63.8 63.8
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,462 1,806 1,678 1,588 1,713 1,623 1,782 1,752 1,793
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.2 4.9 4.8 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.1 5.2
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,910 16,685 16,775 15,900 16,068 16,873 16,895 16,753 16,749
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,548 18,350 18,438 17,531 17,885 18,249 18,150 18,301 18,409
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.8 79.3 79.5 79.7 79.9 79.2 78.6 79.1 79.4
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,821 17,449 17,537 16,768 17,162 17,518 17,314 17,476 17,487
Employment-population ratio.............. . 76.5 75.4 75.6 76.2 76.7 76.0 75.0 75.5 75.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 900 901 763 723 731 836 825 922
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.6 4.5 5.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,655 14,445 14,506 13,632 13,985 14,204 14,347 14,398 14,508
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 62.3 62.5 61.7 62.2 61.6 62.1 62.1 62.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,078 13,768 13,890 13,010 13,241 13,564 13,621 13,732 13,845
Employment-population ratio.............. . 59.2 59.4 59.8 58.9 58.9 58.8 58.9 59.3 59.6
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 677 617 621 744 640 726 666 663
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.7 4.2 4.6 5.3 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,554 1,604 1,471 1,604 1,545 1,544 1,586 1,631 1,524
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 33.6 30.8 35.1 33.3 32.5 33.3 34.2 31.9
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397 1,375 1,311 1,401 1,298 1,291 1,366 1,370 1,316
Employment-population ratio.............. . 30.5 28.8 27.5 30.6 28.0 27.2 28.7 28.8 27.6
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 229 160 204 247 252 220 261 208
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 14.3 10.9 12.7 16.0 16.3 13.8 16.0 13.6

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,117 8,986 9,009 9,002 9,219 9,346 9,060 9,061 8,897
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 47.7 47.1 46.9 47.6 47.4 48.3 48.1 46.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,578 8,392 8,463 8,458 8,700 8,858 8,519 8,538 8,349
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 44.5 44.2 44.0 44.9 44.9 45.4 45.3 43.6
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 594 546 544 519 487 541 523 548
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 6.6 6.1 6.0 5.6 5.2 6.0 5.8 6.2
High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,273 36,176 36,619 36,203 35,931 36,582 36,215 36,023 36,514
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 56.7 56.9 56.7 56.9 57.1 56.2 56.4 56.7
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,890 34,576 35,234 34,754 34,376 34,954 34,676 34,538 35,056
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 54.2 54.7 54.4 54.5 54.5 53.8 54.1 54.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,383 1,600 1,385 1,449 1,555 1,628 1,539 1,485 1,457
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.4 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.0
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,251 36,350 36,654 36,147 35,652 36,049 36,423 36,196 36,473
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 62.8 63.1 62.8 62.7 62.8 63.3 62.5 62.7
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,114 35,044 35,390 34,942 34,409 34,774 35,155 34,930 35,140
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 60.5 60.9 60.7 60.5 60.5 61.1 60.3 60.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,137 1,306 1,264 1,204 1,242 1,275 1,268 1,266 1,333
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7
Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,406 67,120 66,599 64,482 65,687 66,334 66,292 66,752 66,662
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.8 72.4 72.6 72.8 72.1 72.4 71.8 72.0 72.6
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,127 65,404 65,068 63,074 64,079 64,831 64,655 65,014 65,003
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3 70.5 70.9 71.3 70.3 70.7 70.1 70.1 70.8
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,279 1,716 1,531 1,408 1,609 1,504 1,637 1,738 1,658
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.5

1
Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2
Includes people with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total Men Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr.
2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,631 17,319 15,584 15,244 2,047 2,075
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,516 8,363 7,341 7,138 1,175 1,225
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.3 47.1 46.8 57.4 59.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,254 8,069 7,087 6,917 1,167 1,153
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 46.6 45.5 45.4 57.0 55.6
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 294 254 222 8 72
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.1 0.7 5.9
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,115 8,956 8,243 8,106 872 850
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,350 5,630 4,409 4,630 940 1,000
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,290 4,475 3,584 3,700 706 775
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.2 79.5 81.3 79.9 75.1 77.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,140 4,345 3,440 3,626 700 719
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.4 77.2 78.0 78.3 74.4 71.9
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 130 143 74 6 56
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.9 4.0 2.0 0.9 7.2
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,060 1,155 826 930 234 225
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,761 3,215 2,309 2,718 453 497
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,906 2,123 1,622 1,815 284 308
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 66.0 70.3 66.8 62.6 62.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,860 2,020 1,577 1,718 284 302
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 62.8 68.3 63.2 62.6 60.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 103 45 97 0 6
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 4.8 2.8 5.3 0.0 2.1
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856 1,092 686 903 169 189
Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,704 4,936 5,463 4,748 241 188
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 544 692 531 23 14
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 11.0 12.7 11.2 9.7 7.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 519 670 505 22 14
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 10.5 12.3 10.6 9.2 7.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 26 22 26 1 0
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 4.7 3.2 4.9 – –
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,988 4,392 4,771 4,217 218 174
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,816 3,538 3,403 3,148 413 390
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,605 1,221 1,443 1,093 162 128
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.0 34.5 42.4 34.7 39.2 32.9
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,561 1,186 1,400 1,068 161 118
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 33.5 41.1 33.9 39.1 30.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 35 43 25 0 10
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.3 0.3 7.6
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,211 2,317 1,960 2,055 251 262
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241,318 246,496 110,563 113,202 130,755 133,294
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,752 160,117 80,055 82,177 76,697 77,940
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 65.0 72.4 72.6 58.7 58.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,386 154,127 77,159 78,781 74,228 75,346
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.5 69.8 69.6 56.8 56.5
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,366 5,990 2,896 3,396 2,470 2,595
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.7 3.6 4.1 3.2 3.3
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,566 86,378 30,508 31,025 54,058 55,353

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
People with a disability People with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr.
2024 2025 2024 2025

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... . 34,003 34,785 234,062 238,411
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,341 8,422 159,143 162,201
Participation rate.................................................................... . 24.5 24.2 68.0 68.0
Employed............................................................................ . 7,814 7,732 153,776 156,311
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 22.2 65.7 65.6
Unemployed......................................................................... . 526 690 5,368 5,890
Unemployment rate.............................................................. . 6.3 8.2 3.4 3.6
Not in labor force...................................................................... . 25,663 26,364 74,919 76,211
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,420 3,393 78,835 80,614
Participation rate.................................................................... . 40.6 41.8 82.8 83.0
Employed............................................................................ . 3,198 3,090 75,965 77,395
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 38.1 79.7 79.7
Unemployed......................................................................... . 222 303 2,870 3,219
Unemployment rate.............................................................. . 6.5 8.9 3.6 4.0
Not in labor force...................................................................... . 5,007 4,722 16,426 16,499
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,407 3,505 70,386 71,376
Participation rate.................................................................... . 40.6 40.2 72.9 72.9
Employed............................................................................ . 3,172 3,198 68,138 68,991
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.8 36.7 70.5 70.5
Unemployed......................................................................... . 235 307 2,247 2,385
Unemployment rate.............................................................. . 6.9 8.8 3.2 3.3
Not in labor force...................................................................... . 4,985 5,214 26,227 26,497
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,513 1,523 9,922 10,211
Participation rate.................................................................... . 8.8 8.5 23.5 23.5
Employed............................................................................ . 1,445 1,443 9,672 9,925
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 8.0 22.9 22.9
Unemployed......................................................................... . 69 80 250 286
Unemployment rate.............................................................. . 4.6 5.3 2.5 2.8
Not in labor force...................................................................... . 15,670 16,429 32,266 33,215

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total Men Women
Employment status and nativity Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr.
2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . 48,089 49,669 23,675 24,374 24,414 25,295
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,726 33,019 18,132 18,725 13,594 14,294
Participation rate................................................. . 66.0 66.5 76.6 76.8 55.7 56.5
Employed......................................................... . 30,482 31,815 17,468 18,031 13,014 13,784
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 64.1 73.8 74.0 53.3 54.5
Unemployed...................................................... . 1,244 1,204 664 695 580 509
Unemployment rate........................................... . 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.7 4.3 3.6
Not in labor force................................................... . 16,363 16,650 5,544 5,648 10,819 11,002
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . 219,976 223,528 107,019 108,887 112,958 114,641
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,758 137,603 70,341 71,714 65,417 65,889
Participation rate................................................. . 61.7 61.6 65.7 65.9 57.9 57.5
Employed......................................................... . 131,108 132,228 67,720 68,648 63,388 63,580
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 59.2 63.3 63.0 56.1 55.5
Unemployed...................................................... . 4,650 5,376 2,621 3,066 2,028 2,309
Unemployment rate........................................... . 3.4 3.9 3.7 4.3 3.1 3.5
Not in labor force................................................... . 84,219 85,925 36,678 37,173 47,541 48,752

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,187 2,251 2,176 2,253 2,258 2,319 2,259 2,371 2,249
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,496 1,509 1,495 1,563 1,521 1,573 1,489 1,595 1,559
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 657 717 662 657 723 723 753 740 665
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 25 19 – – – – – –
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,403 161,160 161,866 159,105 159,469 161,357 160,930 160,920 161,565
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,119 152,079 152,556 149,749 150,253 152,363 152,034 151,946 152,236
Government.................................... . 21,883 22,134 22,111 21,628 22,109 21,764 21,653 21,748 21,859
Private industries.............................. . 128,236 129,945 130,446 128,099 128,209 130,742 130,414 130,227 130,376
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 555 594 – – – – – –
Other industries............................. . 127,616 129,390 129,852 127,430 127,713 130,025 129,816 129,585 129,702
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 9,241 9,034 9,255 9,285 9,241 9,103 8,946 9,055 9,283
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 47 55 – – – – – –
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,267 4,900 4,496 4,463 4,358 4,477 4,937 4,780 4,690
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,910 3,245 3,009 3,054 2,867 2,893 3,292 3,156 3,150
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,146 1,307 1,272 1,145 1,195 1,195 1,253 1,255 1,260
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,913 23,198 23,426 22,238 22,514 22,299 22,435 22,625 22,723
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,200 4,813 4,431 4,394 4,299 4,416 4,899 4,717 4,623
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,856 3,194 2,964 3,000 2,833 2,857 3,273 3,125 3,105
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,146 1,305 1,267 1,142 1,196 1,193 1,253 1,255 1,253
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,575 22,781 23,103 21,890 22,150 21,935 22,039 22,196 22,381

1
Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
2
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the
entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,
retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours
during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,590 163,412 164,043 161,495 161,661 163,895 163,307 163,508 163,944
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,587 5,528 5,488 5,833 5,786 5,712 5,792 5,786 5,733
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,949 1,904 1,846 2,120 2,019 1,989 1,994 2,095 2,002
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,637 3,624 3,642 3,719 3,762 3,719 3,801 3,708 3,718
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,003 157,883 158,555 155,662 155,875 158,183 157,516 157,722 158,211
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,295 14,468 14,399 14,397 14,277 14,606 14,332 14,609 14,498
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,709 143,416 144,156 141,310 141,547 143,606 143,219 143,207 143,709
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,119 105,417 105,934 103,801 103,766 105,538 105,386 105,279 105,594
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,732 36,370 36,469 35,634 35,563 36,406 36,283 36,333 36,364
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,319 36,962 37,138 36,167 36,306 36,841 36,779 36,844 36,975
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,069 32,085 32,326 32,000 31,897 32,291 32,323 32,101 32,256
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,589 37,999 38,222 37,509 37,781 38,068 37,833 37,928 38,115
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,187 86,216 86,678 85,235 85,620 86,733 86,226 86,443 86,724
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,763 2,731 2,748 2,889 2,881 2,930 2,915 2,880 2,875
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942 944 980 1,005 980 973 980 1,041 1,039
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,822 1,787 1,768 1,889 1,899 1,954 1,946 1,855 1,837
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,424 83,485 83,930 82,346 82,739 83,803 83,311 83,563 83,849
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,315 7,285 7,295 7,368 7,329 7,381 7,218 7,377 7,342
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,109 76,200 76,635 74,991 75,401 76,517 76,172 76,290 76,517
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,093 55,880 56,305 55,001 55,091 56,140 55,955 55,952 56,205
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,914 19,315 19,480 18,896 18,806 19,228 19,188 19,317 19,445
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,271 19,799 19,875 19,210 19,423 19,820 19,740 19,789 19,816
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,908 16,765 16,950 16,895 16,862 17,092 17,026 16,846 16,944
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,016 20,320 20,331 19,990 20,310 20,377 20,217 20,338 20,312
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,403 77,195 77,364 76,260 76,041 77,162 77,081 77,065 77,220
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,823 2,797 2,740 2,944 2,906 2,782 2,877 2,906 2,858
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,008 960 866 1,115 1,038 1,016 1,013 1,053 963
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,815 1,837 1,874 1,830 1,863 1,765 1,855 1,853 1,881
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,579 74,398 74,624 73,316 73,135 74,380 74,205 74,159 74,362
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,980 7,182 7,104 7,029 6,948 7,225 7,114 7,231 7,156
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,599 67,216 67,520 66,318 66,146 67,089 67,047 66,917 67,192
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,026 49,537 49,629 48,800 48,675 49,398 49,431 49,327 49,389
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,818 17,055 16,990 16,738 16,757 17,177 17,095 17,016 16,918
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,048 17,162 17,264 16,957 16,883 17,022 17,039 17,055 17,158
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,161 15,320 15,376 15,105 15,036 15,199 15,297 15,255 15,312
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,573 17,679 17,891 17,518 17,471 17,691 17,616 17,590 17,803
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,700 45,812 46,091 45,590 45,974 46,093 45,752 45,698 45,976
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,117 36,886 37,316 36,925 37,011 37,109 37,318 36,650 37,120
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,935 10,265 9,914 – – – – – –
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,351 134,163 134,969 133,817 133,510 135,896 134,676 135,135 135,440
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,239 29,248 29,074 27,728 27,918 27,901 28,511 28,467 28,523
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,349 9,132 8,825 8,385 8,478 8,764 8,860 8,936 8,860
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.4
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,686 6,860 6,977 – – – – – –
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,897 9,752 9,917 9,943 9,964 9,827 9,700 9,794 9,948

1
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed people Unemployment rates
Characteristic (in thousands)
Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,492 7,083 7,165 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2
16 to 19 years.................................... . 781 921 853 11.8 12.4 11.8 12.9 13.7 12.9
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 379 337 12.7 13.5 13.4 16.0 15.3 14.4
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 543 506 11.4 11.8 10.9 11.1 12.8 12.0
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,711 6,162 6,312 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,039 1,187 1,297 6.7 7.5 7.9 8.3 7.5 8.2
25 years and over............................. . 4,640 4,951 5,026 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,478 3,802 3,811 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5
25 to 34 years............................ . 1,435 1,516 1,599 3.9 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.2
35 to 44 years............................ . 1,113 1,230 1,209 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2
45 to 54 years............................ . 930 1,056 1,003 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.2 3.0
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161 1,150 1,210 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,503 3,800 3,959 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4
16 to 19 years.................................... . 443 477 509 13.3 14.0 11.9 14.1 14.2 15.0
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 172 166 13.7 13.9 12.1 17.8 14.2 13.8
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 302 328 12.9 13.9 11.9 12.2 14.0 15.1
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,060 3,324 3,450 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.0
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 676 778 6.7 8.2 9.2 9.8 8.4 9.6
25 years and over............................. . 2,526 2,637 2,709 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,892 2,022 2,034 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5
25 to 34 years............................ . 788 880 878 4.0 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.3
35 to 44 years............................ . 606 606 638 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1
45 to 54 years............................ . 498 536 518 2.9 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.0
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634 615 675 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.2
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,989 3,283 3,206 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0
16 to 19 years.................................... . 338 444 344 10.3 10.8 11.6 11.7 13.3 10.7
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 207 171 11.7 13.0 14.7 14.2 16.4 15.1
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 240 178 9.7 9.6 9.8 9.9 11.5 8.7
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,651 2,838 2,862 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 511 519 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.8
25 years and over............................. . 2,114 2,315 2,317 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.3
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585 1,780 1,777 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5
25 to 34 years............................ . 647 636 721 3.7 4.4 4.1 4.6 3.6 4.1
35 to 44 years............................ . 507 625 571 2.9 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.2
45 to 54 years............................ . 432 520 485 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.6 3.3 3.1
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 529 533 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978 968 1,091 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 934 882 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.3
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 627 547 4.8 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.2
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,274 5,758 5,963 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,225 1,331 1,233 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.1

1
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
people in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,973 3,552 3,216 3,225 3,251 3,235 3,316 3,313 3,453
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688 960 702 860 862 835 817 811 865
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,286 2,593 2,514 2,365 2,389 2,400 2,499 2,502 2,587
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,728 1,870 1,900 1,750 1,707 1,708 1,748 1,810 1,915
People who completed temporary jobs. . . . . 558 723 614 615 682 693 751 692 672
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 858 810 785 947 912 918 870 855
Reentrants........................................... . 1,723 2,155 1,986 1,949 2,031 2,124 2,208 2,176 2,236
New entrants........................................ . 453 677 567 581 655 659 662 739 701
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.5 49.1 48.9 49.3 47.2 46.7 46.7 46.7 47.7
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 13.3 10.7 13.1 12.5 12.0 11.5 11.4 11.9
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.8 35.8 38.2 36.2 34.7 34.6 35.2 35.3 35.7
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 11.8 12.3 12.0 13.8 13.2 12.9 12.3 11.8
Reentrants........................................... . 29.2 29.8 30.2 29.8 29.5 30.7 31.1 30.7 30.9
New entrants........................................ . 7.7 9.3 8.6 8.9 9.5 9.5 9.3 10.4 9.7
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Reentrants........................................... . 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3
New entrants........................................ . 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888 2,085 1,791 2,273 2,156 2,290 2,337 2,362 2,185
5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 1,670 2,338 1,923 1,990 1,997 1,935 2,152 2,146 2,269
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,336 2,819 2,866 2,131 2,758 2,604 2,486 2,501 2,663
15 to 26 weeks................................... . 1,064 1,220 1,172 879 1,207 1,161 1,031 1,006 988
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,271 1,599 1,694 1,253 1,551 1,443 1,455 1,495 1,674
Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 23.6 24.9 20.0 23.7 22.0 21.3 22.8 23.2
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 10.9 12.0 8.9 10.4 10.4 10.0 9.8 10.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0 28.8 27.2 35.6 31.2 33.5 33.5 33.7 30.7
5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 28.3 32.3 29.2 31.1 28.9 28.3 30.9 30.6 31.9
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.6 38.9 43.6 33.3 39.9 38.1 35.6 35.7 37.4
15 to 26 weeks................................... . 18.1 16.9 17.8 13.7 17.5 17.0 14.8 14.4 13.9
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 22.1 25.7 19.6 22.4 21.1 20.9 21.3 23.5

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed
rates
Occupation
Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr.
2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ . 161,590 164,043 5,894 6,580 3.5 3.9
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 70,548 72,168 1,399 1,596 1.9 2.2
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... . 30,172 31,664 743 707 2.4 2.2
Professional and related occupations......................... . 40,376 40,504 656 889 1.6 2.1
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,430 27,286 1,162 1,308 4.2 4.6
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,037 30,015 1,061 1,216 3.4 3.9
Sales and related occupations................................. . 14,410 13,976 543 617 3.6 4.2
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,627 16,039 518 600 3.2 3.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... . 14,501 14,434 749 749 4.9 4.9
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 1,000 59 78 6.7 7.2
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,662 8,467 545 536 5.9 6.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 5,009 4,967 144 136 2.8 2.7
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... . 20,074 20,140 1,057 1,133 5.0 5.3
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,069 8,077 419 347 4.9 4.1
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,005 12,062 638 786 5.0 6.1

1
People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
people rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr.
2024 2025 2024 2025

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... . 5,894 6,580 3.5 3.9

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,795 5,105 3.6 3.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... . 8 23 1.3 4.0
Construction......................................................................... . 555 593 5.2 5.6
Manufacturing....................................................................... . 416 551 2.7 3.6
Durable goods.................................................................... . 281 319 2.9 3.2
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 233 2.4 4.3
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 865 3.8 4.3
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 281 4.4 3.3
Information........................................................................... . 128 119 5.0 4.6
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 307 2.7 2.9
Professional and business services.............................................. . 746 699 4.0 3.6
Education and health services.................................................... . 559 678 2.1 2.5
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 732 5.7 5.3
Other services....................................................................... . 235 257 3.5 3.8
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 107 5.4 7.0
Government workers.................................................................. . 267 413 1.2 1.8
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 296 387 2.9 3.7

1
People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No
historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Measure Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 2025

U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6
U-2 Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other people marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all people
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.1 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.1
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all people marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... . 6.9 7.9 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.5 8.0 7.9 7.8

NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total Men Women
Category Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr.
2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,582 102,574 42,222 42,821 58,361 59,754
People who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,502 5,536 2,717 2,629 2,786 2,907
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,519 1,570 771 822 748 747
Discouraged workers2........................................ . 380 421 210 242 170 180
Other people marginally attached to the labor force3. . . . . 1,139 1,148 561 581 578 568
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ . 8,349 8,825 3,986 4,302 4,363 4,523
Percent of total employed......................................... . 5.2 5.4 4.7 5.0 5.7 5.8
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,844 4,919 2,560 2,624 2,284 2,295
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,091 2,390 713 840 1,378 1,551
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... . 376 425 215 273 161 151
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984 1,041 473 545 511 496

1
Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. from:
2024 2025 2025p 2025p 2024 2025 2025p 2025p Mar.2025 -
Apr.2025p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,438 157,944 158,411 159,316 157,635 159,155 159,340 159,517 177
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,804 134,104 134,502 135,377 134,345 135,568 135,738 135,905 167
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,514 21,318 21,404 21,562 21,650 21,686 21,695 21,706 11
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 620 619 620 630 625 624 625 1
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.5 39.7 38.4 37.0 42.0 39.2 38.9 39.3 0.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 584.9 580.0 580.5 583.1 588.2 585.8 585.5 585.6 0.1
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.8 121.5 121.8 121.4 121.8 122.4 122.4 122.4 0.0
Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.3 187.5 188.7 191.7 192.5 192.4 192.2 192.6 0.4
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.2 41.2 41.1 40.9 43.3 41.3 41.2 40.9 -0.3
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 45.0 45.0 44.6 44.5 45.1 45.1 44.7 -0.4
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.7 101.3 102.6 106.2 104.7 106.0 105.9 107.0 1.1
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.8 271.0 270.0 270.0 273.9 271.0 270.9 270.6 -0.3
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,089 7,987 8,071 8,226 8,173 8,298 8,305 8,316 11
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,826.5 1,829.5 1,843.1 1,856.9 1,845.7 1,871.7 1,875.6 1,878.5 2.9
Residential building construction. . . . . . . . . . . . 931.0 933.1 940.6 945.9 940.8 954.3 957.0 956.3 -0.7
Nonresidential building construction. . . . . . . . . 895.5 896.4 902.5 911.0 904.9 917.4 918.6 922.2 3.6
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,136.5 1,087.4 1,120.3 1,167.2 1,147.3 1,175.8 1,179.2 1,178.7 -0.5
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,126.1 5,069.7 5,107.8 5,201.9 5,180.3 5,250.6 5,250.0 5,259.0 9.0
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,378.0 2,320.0 2,322.5 2,363.1 2,403.6 2,402.1 2,389.0 2,393.1 4.1
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,748.1 2,749.7 2,785.3 2,838.8 2,776.7 2,848.5 2,861.0 2,865.9 4.9
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,801 12,711 12,714 12,716 12,847 12,763 12,766 12,765 -1
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,977 7,884 7,881 7,886 7,997 7,909 7,907 7,909 2
Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416.6 414.6 412.7 414.4 418.0 416.0 414.4 415.5 1.1
Nonmetallic mineral product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.3 420.1 423.4 426.8 419.8 430.9 429.6 429.7 0.1
Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.4 374.4 375.9 375.5 375.2 375.4 376.1 376.0 -0.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing. . . . 1,443.9 1,437.4 1,433.6 1,436.7 1,446.4 1,438.4 1,435.9 1,439.0 3.1
Machinery manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,120.4 1,113.3 1,114.1 1,116.5 1,123.0 1,115.6 1,116.9 1,118.9 2.0
Computer and electronic product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025.6 1,007.6 1,007.9 1,002.8 1,029.5 1,010.1 1,011.2 1,007.2 -4.0
Computer and peripheral equipment
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.2 110.2 109.4 109.5 109.9 110.5 110.2 110.2 0.0
Communications equipment
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.5 81.3 82.2 81.6 82.7 81.6 82.3 81.8 -0.5
Semiconductor and other electronic
component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.4 379.0 379.2 377.4 394.2 380.0 380.3 379.2 -1.1
Navigational, measuring, electromedical,
and control instruments
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.1 409.1 409.3 407.2 413.0 409.6 410.1 408.4 -1.7
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic
and optical media and audio and video
equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 28.0 27.8 27.1 29.7 28.4 28.2 27.6 -0.6
Electrical equipment, appliance, and
component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.0 406.7 405.0 407.0 419.2 406.6 405.9 407.6 1.7
Transportation equipment manufacturing1. . . 1,797.9 1,766.2 1,760.7 1,756.6 1,800.6 1,769.0 1,766.9 1,763.8 -3.1
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,020.6 1,001.6 1,000.5 997.1 1,018.1 1,003.1 1,002.0 997.3 -4.7
Furniture and related product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.1 335.3 337.2 338.8 345.9 337.1 336.9 338.4 1.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617.8 608.1 610.5 610.9 619.7 610.2 612.8 612.4 -0.4
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,824 4,827 4,833 4,830 4,850 4,854 4,859 4,856 -3
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,749.1 1,759.9 1,758.5 1,759.1 1,763.7 1,769.8 1,771.4 1,774.5 3.1
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.5 85.1 85.7 85.8 86.4 85.6 85.9 85.6 -0.3
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.9 99.4 100.0 98.1 100.6 99.2 99.7 98.0 -1.7
Apparel manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.2 83.7 83.2 83.7 84.1 84.0 84.0 83.7 -0.3
Paper manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.6 355.4 354.9 353.9 354.6 355.6 354.6 354.8 0.2
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 359.6 351.9 352.0 352.1 360.1 353.9 352.8 352.3 -0.5
Petroleum and coal products
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.0 106.0 107.0 106.5 109.9 108.2 108.5 106.8 -1.7
Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.7 900.5 902.5 900.6 896.3 901.1 901.9 902.0 0.1
Plastics and rubber products
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727.6 719.3 721.0 718.2 728.5 719.5 721.7 719.1 -2.6

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. from:
2024 2025 2025p 2025p 2024 2025 2025p 2025p Mar.2025 -
Apr.2025p
Nondurable goods - Continued
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied
product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358.2 366.0 368.5 372.1 365.8 377.1 378.5 379.2 0.7
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,290 112,786 113,098 113,815 112,695 113,882 114,043 114,199 156
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,656 28,887 28,861 28,915 28,916 29,109 29,134 29,166 32
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,122.7 6,149.2 6,155.2 6,170.7 6,137.5 6,181.5 6,180.7 6,186.5 5.8
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . . 3,419.8 3,451.9 3,459.8 3,468.2 3,428.3 3,465.1 3,471.1 3,476.9 5.8
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . . 2,210.3 2,208.1 2,210.0 2,217.2 2,214.6 2,224.6 2,221.3 2,222.0 0.7
Wholesale trade agents and brokers. . . . . . . . 492.6 489.2 485.4 485.3 494.6 491.8 488.3 487.6 -0.7
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,406.9 15,404.0 15,428.5 15,465.8 15,545.7 15,569.4 15,591.1 15,589.3 -1.8
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,050.6 2,045.5 2,056.4 2,056.1 2,052.2 2,060.6 2,063.2 2,058.6 -4.6
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,284.2 1,292.5 1,297.3 1,295.4 1,285.0 1,295.8 1,299.1 1,297.0 -2.1
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.6 158.5 163.3 164.2 171.5 166.0 166.3 164.3 -2.0
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire
retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.8 594.5 595.8 596.5 595.6 598.7 597.9 597.3 -0.6
Building material and garden equipment
and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,425.5 1,345.1 1,384.5 1,423.7 1,398.2 1,389.9 1,391.6 1,394.3 2.7
Food and beverage retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,197.0 3,220.1 3,220.6 3,228.8 3,220.8 3,220.9 3,241.6 3,251.1 9.5
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics,
and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796.5 794.3 790.4 782.6 806.8 796.8 795.3 792.9 -2.4
Furniture and home furnishings retailers.. . 406.0 408.1 408.3 402.4 410.8 409.2 408.5 406.5 -2.0
Electronics and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . 390.5 386.2 382.1 380.2 396.0 387.6 386.7 386.5 -0.2
General merchandise retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,215.4 3,262.9 3,255.7 3,258.7 3,266.2 3,307.9 3,304.6 3,305.0 0.4
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988.3 1,000.0 993.8 994.4 1,015.3 1,020.1 1,019.8 1,020.2 0.4
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and
other general merchandise retailers. . . . 2,227.1 2,262.9 2,261.9 2,264.3 2,250.9 2,287.8 2,284.7 2,284.8 0.1
Health and personal care retailers. . . . . . . . . . . 1,083.7 1,089.0 1,087.6 1,081.0 1,093.1 1,088.5 1,091.6 1,090.0 -1.6
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers. . . . . . . . . . 1,046.6 1,048.8 1,049.8 1,051.4 1,053.9 1,061.8 1,060.1 1,058.9 -1.2
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and
jewelry retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,106.2 1,106.9 1,099.5 1,089.1 1,143.8 1,128.4 1,127.4 1,124.1 -3.3
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument,
book, and miscellaneous retailers. . . . . . . . . 1,485.4 1,491.4 1,484.0 1,494.4 1,510.7 1,514.6 1,515.7 1,514.4 -1.3
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,538.5 6,740.5 6,681.3 6,684.2 6,643.7 6,762.8 6,765.5 6,794.5 29.0
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562.1 571.8 574.3 577.5 563.5 574.6 575.2 578.1 2.9
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.3 153.8 153.8 153.8 157.9 154.4 153.7 153.8 0.1
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 67.4 68.0 68.7 70.4 69.8 69.9 69.6 -0.3
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,511.8 1,493.8 1,499.9 1,509.3 1,528.5 1,516.1 1,523.1 1,524.5 1.4
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.0 499.7 500.6 503.4 468.0 486.3 487.8 489.9 2.1
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 59.4 59.2 60.2 54.7 59.0 59.0 59.8 0.8
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 26.4 23.2 24.6 28.2 31.3 30.2 31.4 32.7 1.3
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 827.6 842.2 843.2 842.9 832.7 843.3 846.1 848.6 2.5
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,014.4 1,194.3 1,131.6 1,111.1 1,087.5 1,185.7 1,175.7 1,184.1 8.4
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,831.5 1,834.9 1,826.1 1,829.1 1,849.2 1,843.4 1,843.6 1,853.4 9.8
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587.5 593.1 595.7 594.2 588.8 595.3 596.7 596.1 -0.6
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,934 2,921 2,920 2,922 2,952 2,940 2,938 2,938 0
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391.1 398.4 398.2 404.9 397.7 410.2 409.1 411.1 2.0
Publishing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.9 912.8 915.5 916.8 917.4 919.7 921.1 921.8 0.7
Broadcasting and content providers. . . . . . . . . . . 342.3 335.0 331.6 334.6 342.7 332.9 332.2 334.7 2.5
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622.5 606.1 604.8 599.2 625.3 607.4 604.1 602.3 -1.8
Computing infrastructure providers, data
processing, web hosting, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.3 486.4 487.1 483.2 485.6 486.8 488.4 485.2 -3.2
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and
other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.4 182.1 183.0 182.9 183.2 183.1 182.8 183.0 0.2
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,097 9,183 9,182 9,202 9,152 9,235 9,241 9,255 14
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,667.1 6,724.3 6,725.2 6,725.6 6,690.8 6,739.2 6,745.1 6,749.1 4.0
Monetary authorities-central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 21.3 21.3 21.3 20.5 21.3 21.4 21.4 0.0
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,565.6 2,554.2 2,553.4 2,551.6 2,570.1 2,556.1 2,555.0 2,556.0 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. from:
2024 2025 2025p 2025p 2024 2025 2025p 2025p Mar.2025 -
Apr.2025p
Credit intermediation and related -
Continued
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,783.6 1,773.8 1,773.6 1,770.9 1,786.1 1,773.7 1,773.2 1,773.7 0.5
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,378.2 1,363.3 1,363.1 1,358.8 1,379.6 1,361.9 1,361.8 1,360.6 -1.2
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 503.4 504.7 504.6 506.2 505.2 506.0 506.9 507.9 1.0
Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 278.6 275.7 275.2 274.5 278.9 276.4 275.0 274.4 -0.6
Securities, commodity contracts, funds,
trusts, and other financial vehicles,
investments, and related activities. . . . . . . . 1,101.8 1,123.9 1,126.9 1,131.9 1,110.2 1,131.8 1,136.8 1,139.9 3.1
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,979.3 3,024.9 3,023.6 3,020.8 2,990.0 3,030.0 3,031.9 3,031.8 -0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,429.9 2,459.1 2,456.7 2,476.5 2,460.7 2,495.7 2,496.3 2,505.4 9.1
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,842.4 1,861.1 1,858.2 1,868.1 1,860.6 1,882.1 1,881.7 1,885.3 3.6
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565.2 575.1 575.7 585.5 577.6 590.4 591.5 597.0 5.5
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
(except copyrighted works). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 22.9 22.8 22.9 22.5 23.2 23.1 23.1 0.0
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,593 22,328 22,355 22,577 22,645 22,594 22,597 22,614 17
Professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,827.3 10,856.2 10,848.0 10,885.4 10,804.2 10,855.2 10,861.8 10,865.3 3.5
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,188.5 1,185.2 1,187.0 1,190.9 1,194.9 1,191.7 1,195.5 1,196.9 1.4
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping,
and payroll services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,225.2 1,212.6 1,223.6 1,214.4 1,153.3 1,144.5 1,145.2 1,144.3 -0.9
Architectural, engineering, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,674.4 1,717.4 1,716.0 1,729.6 1,691.7 1,739.1 1,741.4 1,746.5 5.1
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.6 147.5 147.9 147.7 151.3 149.3 149.9 148.7 -1.2
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,441.5 2,431.0 2,406.3 2,430.4 2,442.7 2,438.4 2,430.8 2,432.1 1.3
Management, scientific, and technical
consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,846.1 1,864.5 1,864.9 1,868.8 1,856.7 1,874.8 1,880.2 1,879.6 -0.6
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930.5 933.4 937.0 935.1 936.2 941.2 942.5 940.7 -1.8
Advertising, public relations, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498.8 492.0 490.1 490.0 499.6 493.1 492.2 491.3 -0.9
Other professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871.7 872.6 875.2 878.5 877.9 883.0 884.2 885.1 0.9
Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,604.0 2,607.7 2,617.4 2,615.2 2,614.3 2,619.0 2,624.9 2,625.7 0.8
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services. . . . . 9,161.9 8,864.3 8,889.4 9,076.3 9,226.6 9,119.8 9,110.7 9,122.5 11.8
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,656.4 8,350.6 8,376.7 8,555.4 8,718.4 8,598.8 8,591.4 8,599.1 7.7
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.7 622.2 618.8 620.2 617.7 623.8 622.4 621.6 -0.8
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.6 184.5 183.7 181.9 180.5 185.4 184.7 183.4 -1.3
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,331.0 3,190.6 3,185.5 3,216.6 3,385.0 3,257.7 3,250.3 3,254.1 3.8
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,618.3 2,488.0 2,488.0 2,516.7 2,665.7 2,541.6 2,538.9 2,542.5 3.6
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694.3 663.8 657.6 654.9 698.1 664.0 661.3 658.8 -2.5
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.6 192.6 193.5 195.6 187.9 195.4 195.6 197.0 1.4
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 1,017.5 1,021.8 1,020.3 1,025.8 1,019.7 1,025.5 1,026.0 1,028.5 2.5
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,293.6 2,153.0 2,186.2 2,323.0 2,292.8 2,316.3 2,316.7 2,320.2 3.5
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337.1 322.1 331.1 337.4 336.8 330.7 334.5 335.6 1.1
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.5 513.7 512.7 520.9 508.2 521.0 519.3 523.4 4.1
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 26,427 27,162 27,228 27,321 26,308 27,058 27,132 27,202 70
Private educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,110.5 4,130.5 4,127.7 4,165.2 3,953.0 3,998.9 3,996.5 4,008.0 11.5
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,316.9 23,031.3 23,100.1 23,156.0 22,355.4 23,058.6 23,135.8 23,194.0 58.2
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,488.6 18,008.6 18,054.6 18,101.0 17,531.5 18,035.7 18,093.4 18,144.0 50.6
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 8,695.8 8,965.7 8,971.3 8,993.7 8,712.2 8,972.9 8,991.2 9,012.6 21.4
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,946.9 3,028.5 3,025.6 3,035.5 2,955.5 3,030.4 3,035.6 3,043.6 8.0
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,034.3 1,051.6 1,047.4 1,052.8 1,038.9 1,054.4 1,053.7 1,057.1 3.4
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,218.8 1,262.2 1,268.1 1,275.1 1,219.7 1,264.0 1,272.3 1,277.0 4.7
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,110.2 1,118.9 1,115.0 1,117.7 1,112.0 1,117.9 1,115.2 1,120.6 5.4
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 313.0 308.3 308.4 308.1 311.2 306.4 307.4 306.6 -0.8
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,715.3 1,838.0 1,845.2 1,842.8 1,717.7 1,841.1 1,845.7 1,845.8 0.1
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.3 358.2 361.6 361.7 357.2 358.7 361.4 361.9 0.5
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,505.9 5,661.2 5,685.6 5,702.2 5,520.9 5,669.1 5,693.9 5,716.0 22.1

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. from:
2024 2025 2025p 2025p 2024 2025 2025p 2025p Mar.2025 -
Apr.2025p
Health care - Continued
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,286.9 3,381.7 3,397.7 3,405.1 3,298.4 3,393.7 3,408.3 3,415.4 7.1
Skilled nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,481.2 1,518.4 1,528.6 1,531.0 1,488.9 1,525.7 1,534.7 1,537.6 2.9
Residential intellectual and
developmental disability, mental
health, and substance abuse
facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663.3 685.6 691.9 692.9 665.5 687.5 694.2 695.0 0.8
Continuing care retirement
communities and assisted living
facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979.5 1,007.0 1,006.5 1,008.5 980.3 1,009.9 1,008.6 1,009.9 1.3
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 162.9 170.7 170.7 172.7 163.7 170.6 170.8 173.0 2.2
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,828.3 5,022.7 5,045.5 5,055.0 4,823.9 5,022.9 5,042.4 5,050.0 7.6
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,212.6 3,396.2 3,410.4 3,411.9 3,216.3 3,398.2 3,414.4 3,416.8 2.4
Community food and housing, and
emergency and other relief services. . . . 231.7 238.9 240.0 241.8 231.8 239.3 239.9 241.6 1.7
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 283.9 283.3 283.7 283.3 285.0 284.7 284.8 284.5 -0.3
Child care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100.1 1,104.3 1,111.4 1,118.0 1,090.7 1,100.7 1,103.3 1,107.1 3.8
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,640 16,346 16,559 16,857 16,768 16,931 16,969 16,993 24
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,547.7 2,460.7 2,525.3 2,633.2 2,605.2 2,683.3 2,690.5 2,693.6 3.1
Performing arts, spectator sports, and
related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.1 576.7 595.4 634.8 576.3 619.1 623.4 621.1 -2.3
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.5 171.6 174.7 178.7 178.9 183.9 183.0 182.7 -0.3
Amusement, gambling, and recreation
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,780.1 1,712.4 1,755.2 1,819.7 1,850.0 1,880.3 1,884.1 1,889.8 5.7
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,092.2 13,885.2 14,033.4 14,223.5 14,162.8 14,247.8 14,278.3 14,298.9 20.6
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,887.1 1,861.5 1,881.8 1,909.0 1,929.6 1,948.7 1,948.5 1,952.5 4.0
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,205.1 12,023.7 12,151.6 12,314.5 12,233.2 12,299.1 12,329.8 12,346.4 16.6
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,943 5,959 5,993 6,021 5,954 6,015 6,032 6,031 -1
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,469.9 1,467.1 1,479.2 1,486.0 1,468.2 1,476.8 1,483.9 1,483.8 -0.1
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,579.3 1,596.4 1,601.5 1,615.8 1,579.2 1,613.3 1,616.2 1,617.4 1.2
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional,
and similar organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,894.1 2,895.6 2,911.9 2,918.7 2,906.3 2,924.7 2,931.9 2,929.9 -2.0
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,634 23,840 23,909 23,939 23,290 23,587 23,602 23,612 10
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,991 2,992 2,991 2,982 2,995 3,002 2,998 2,989 -9
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,379.8 2,391.5 2,391.5 2,378.0 2,388.0 2,401.7 2,397.9 2,389.4 -8.5
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.1 600.3 599.5 604.2 607.1 600.5 599.8 600.0 0.2
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,576 5,645 5,661 5,675 5,418 5,514 5,516 5,522 6
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,766.3 2,767.7 2,779.0 2,785.3 2,603.2 2,624.0 2,623.4 2,624.8 1.4
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,809.3 2,877.2 2,882.1 2,889.7 2,814.8 2,890.4 2,892.6 2,896.9 4.3
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,067 15,203 15,257 15,282 14,877 15,071 15,088 15,101 13
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,384.2 8,462.8 8,493.2 8,483.7 8,119.9 8,206.0 8,216.5 8,223.2 6.7
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,682.3 6,740.4 6,763.9 6,797.8 6,756.9 6,864.8 6,871.3 6,877.7 6.4

1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2
Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Industry 2024 2025 2025p 2025p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................ . 34.2 34.2 34.3 34.3
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 39.7 40.0 39.8
Mining and logging............................................................... . 44.4 43.8 44.2 45.0
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.7 38.7 39.3 39.0
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.1 40.1 40.2 40.0
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 40.5 40.7 40.4
Nondurable goods............................................................. . 39.3 39.4 39.4 39.4
Private service-providing........................................................... . 33.2 33.2 33.2 33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 33.9 34.0 34.3
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 39.2 39.1 39.4
Retail trade..................................................................... . 29.6 29.7 29.7 30.0
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.9 38.2 38.5 38.7
Utilities.......................................................................... . 42.2 41.9 42.3 42.1
Information........................................................................ . 36.4 37.1 37.2 37.2
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 37.7 37.7 37.6
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 36.3 36.4 36.3
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 32.8 32.7 32.8
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5
Other services.................................................................... . 32.2 31.9 32.0 32.0
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... . 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9
Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.9

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025p 2025p 2024 2025 2025p 2025p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $34.75 $35.90 $36.00 $36.06 $1,188.45 $1,227.78 $1,234.80 $1,236.86
Goods-producing...................................... . 35.42 36.63 36.85 36.83 1,406.17 1,454.21 1,474.00 1,465.83
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.69 40.18 40.23 40.23 1,762.24 1,759.88 1,778.17 1,810.35
Construction......................................... . 37.97 39.12 39.21 39.33 1,469.44 1,513.94 1,540.95 1,533.87
Manufacturing....................................... . 33.62 34.88 35.17 35.06 1,348.16 1,398.69 1,413.83 1,402.40
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.52 36.97 37.40 37.26 1,438.56 1,497.29 1,522.18 1,505.30
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.38 31.37 31.42 31.38 1,193.93 1,235.98 1,237.95 1,236.37
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.60 35.73 35.81 35.88 1,148.72 1,186.24 1,188.89 1,191.22
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . 29.83 30.52 30.71 30.84 1,008.25 1,034.63 1,044.14 1,057.81
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.55 38.13 38.32 38.50 1,468.21 1,494.70 1,498.31 1,516.90
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.32 25.04 25.27 25.41 719.87 743.69 750.52 762.30
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.48 31.12 31.25 31.39 1,155.19 1,188.78 1,203.13 1,214.79
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.92 52.09 52.17 51.93 2,148.82 2,182.57 2,206.79 2,186.25
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.34 51.46 51.39 51.89 1,795.98 1,909.17 1,911.71 1,930.31
Financial activities.................................. . 45.24 46.73 46.98 47.20 1,696.50 1,761.72 1,771.15 1,774.72
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.79 43.54 43.61 43.64 1,521.16 1,580.50 1,587.40 1,584.13
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . 34.06 35.17 35.10 35.18 1,127.39 1,153.58 1,147.77 1,153.90
Leisure and hospitality............................. . 21.87 22.57 22.70 22.70 557.69 575.54 578.85 578.85
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.50 32.55 32.36 32.40 1,014.30 1,038.35 1,035.52 1,036.80

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2
Percent Percent
change change
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. from: from:
Apr. Mar. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Mar.
2024 2025 2025p 2025p 2025 - 2024 2025 2025p 2025p 2025 -
Apr. Apr.
2025p 2025p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 116.4 116.9 117.0 0.1 191.6 199.8 201.2 201.7 0.2
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.0 98.1 98.9 98.5 -0.4 156.8 162.4 164.7 163.9 -0.5
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.9 86.0 86.7 88.4 2.0 140.1 138.8 140.0 142.7 1.9
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.0 110.7 112.5 111.8 -0.6 179.9 188.2 191.7 191.1 -0.3
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.7 92.1 92.4 91.9 -0.5 145.0 149.4 151.1 149.9 -0.8
Durable goods.......................... . 91.2 90.2 90.6 90.0 -0.7 143.9 148.2 150.6 149.0 -1.1
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.1 95.5 95.6 95.5 -0.1 146.7 151.9 152.3 152.1 -0.1
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.4 121.7 121.9 122.1 0.2 202.5 211.4 212.1 212.8 0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 106.8 107.8 108.2 109.3 1.0 171.8 177.5 179.2 181.8 1.5
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.9 106.9 106.6 107.5 0.8 166.3 170.5 170.9 173.2 1.3
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.7 94.1 94.2 95.2 1.1 150.6 155.8 157.5 159.9 1.5
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 144.7 148.4 149.7 151.1 0.9 224.3 235.0 237.9 241.3 1.4
Utilities................................... . 107.5 108.0 109.2 108.6 -0.5 180.9 185.8 188.3 186.3 -1.1
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.2 99.6 99.8 99.8 0.0 172.4 182.5 182.7 184.4 0.9
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.4 114.1 114.1 114.0 -0.1 198.4 207.9 209.1 209.9 0.4
Professional and business services. . . . . 128.9 128.3 128.6 128.4 -0.2 218.2 226.2 227.2 226.9 -0.1
Private education and health services.. . 142.2 145.0 144.9 145.7 0.6 233.0 245.3 244.7 246.6 0.8
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.0 123.2 123.5 123.6 0.1 215.3 224.3 226.1 226.4 0.1
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.5 110.6 111.3 111.3 0.0 190.8 197.4 197.4 197.6 0.1

1
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025p 2025p 2024 2025 2025p 2025p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,667 79,354 79,428 79,526 49.9 49.9 49.8 49.9
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,064 65,560 65,632 65,713 48.4 48.4 48.4 48.4
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,978 4,964 4,968 4,955 23.0 22.9 22.9 22.8
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 87 87 87 13.7 13.9 13.9 13.9
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,165 1,192 1,200 1,198 14.3 14.4 14.4 14.4
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,727 3,685 3,681 3,670 29.0 28.9 28.8 28.8
Durable goods................................. . 1,976 1,929 1,928 1,924 24.7 24.4 24.4 24.3
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,751 1,756 1,753 1,746 36.1 36.2 36.1 36.0
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,086 60,596 60,664 60,758 53.3 53.2 53.2 53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,238 11,273 11,274 11,288 38.9 38.7 38.7 38.7
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,861.6 1,885.0 1,887.3 1,891.3 30.3 30.5 30.5 30.6
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,464.0 7,456.3 7,456.7 7,459.7 48.0 47.9 47.8 47.9
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,758.2 1,776.8 1,775.3 1,782.3 26.5 26.3 26.2 26.2
Utilities.......................................... . 154.5 154.9 154.4 154.4 26.2 26.0 25.9 25.9
Information........................................ . 1,188 1,168 1,172 1,175 40.2 39.7 39.9 40.0
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,090 5,094 5,090 5,089 55.6 55.2 55.1 55.0
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,392 10,252 10,235 10,227 45.9 45.4 45.3 45.2
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . 20,193 20,728 20,774 20,838 76.8 76.6 76.6 76.6
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,791 8,843 8,867 8,884 52.4 52.2 52.3 52.3
Other services.................................... . 3,194 3,238 3,252 3,257 53.6 53.8 53.9 54.0
Government............................................ . 13,603 13,794 13,796 13,813 58.4 58.5 58.5 58.5

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Industry 2025p
2024 2025 2025p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,361 110,486 110,598 110,732

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,412 15,390 15,394 15,400
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 470 466 465
Construction......................................................................... . 5,973 6,018 6,023 6,035
Manufacturing....................................................................... . 8,948 8,902 8,905 8,900
Durable goods.................................................................... . 5,448 5,369 5,367 5,368
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,500 3,533 3,538 3,532
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,949 95,096 95,204 95,332
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... . 24,420 24,672 24,682 24,707
Wholesale trade.................................................................. . 4,840.1 4,890.7 4,885.6 4,881.7
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,302.2 13,365.6 13,392.4 13,403.0
Transportation and warehousing............................................... . 5,808.9 5,944.1 5,930.6 5,950.3
Utilities............................................................................. . 469.1 472.0 473.1 472.2
Information........................................................................... . 2,363 2,355 2,346 2,347
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,901 6,985 6,988 6,989
Professional and business services.............................................. . 17,838 17,749 17,752 17,772
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,934 23,698 23,759 23,828
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,654 14,757 14,781 14,796
Other services....................................................................... . 4,839 4,880 4,896 4,893

1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Industry 2024 2025 2025p 2025p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................ . 33.7 33.6 33.8 33.8
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3 40.6 40.8 40.7
Mining and logging............................................................... . 46.8 44.9 44.9 46.4
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.4 39.6 39.9 40.0
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 41.0 41.1 40.9
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 41.2 41.4 41.1
Nondurable goods............................................................. . 40.2 40.6 40.7 40.5
Private service-providing........................................................... . 32.6 32.5 32.7 32.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 34.1 34.2 34.4
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 39.1 39.2 39.3
Retail trade..................................................................... . 30.1 30.3 30.4 30.6
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 37.9 38.1 38.5
Utilities.......................................................................... . 42.3 42.3 42.4 42.2
Information........................................................................ . 35.8 35.7 35.7 35.4
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.0 37.3 37.3 37.4
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.4 36.2 36.4 36.4
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 31.9 31.9 31.9
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 23.9 24.8 24.1
Other services.................................................................... . 31.3 30.9 31.0 31.1
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... . 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5
Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7

1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.
2024 2025 2025p 2025p 2024 2025 2025p 2025p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $29.85 $30.91 $30.96 $31.06 $1,005.95 $1,038.58 $1,046.45 $1,049.83
Goods-producing...................................... . 30.82 31.98 32.18 32.23 1,242.05 1,298.39 1,312.94 1,311.76
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.32 37.11 37.22 37.09 1,699.78 1,666.24 1,671.18 1,720.98
Construction......................................... . 35.40 36.66 36.78 36.96 1,394.76 1,451.74 1,467.52 1,478.40
Manufacturing....................................... . 27.51 28.64 28.87 28.80 1,116.91 1,174.24 1,186.56 1,177.92
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.99 30.22 30.56 30.38 1,185.69 1,245.06 1,265.18 1,248.62
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.17 26.20 26.27 26.37 1,011.83 1,063.72 1,069.19 1,067.99
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.66 30.69 30.71 30.83 966.92 997.43 1,004.22 1,005.06
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . 25.93 26.49 26.62 26.72 879.03 903.31 910.40 919.17
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.20 31.75 31.76 32.04 1,219.92 1,241.43 1,244.99 1,259.17
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.82 21.31 21.47 21.44 626.68 645.69 652.69 656.06
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.00 29.61 29.83 30.05 1,084.60 1,122.22 1,136.52 1,156.93
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.20 46.03 46.07 45.89 1,911.96 1,947.07 1,953.37 1,936.56
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.59 42.35 42.84 42.86 1,453.12 1,511.90 1,529.39 1,517.24
Financial activities.................................. . 35.48 36.67 36.83 36.98 1,312.76 1,367.79 1,373.76 1,383.05
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.12 36.65 36.70 36.81 1,278.37 1,326.73 1,335.88 1,339.88
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . 31.14 32.38 32.37 32.47 1,005.82 1,032.92 1,032.60 1,035.79
Leisure and hospitality............................. . 19.40 20.00 20.03 20.02 467.54 478.00 496.74 482.48
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.29 28.41 28.23 28.36 854.18 877.87 875.13 882.00

1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3
Percent Percent
change change
Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. from: from:
Apr. Mar. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Mar.
2024 2025 2025p 2025p 2025 - 2024 2025 2025p 2025p 2025 -
Apr. Apr.
2025p 2025p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.8 123.7 124.6 124.7 0.1 245.0 255.6 257.8 258.9 0.4
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.9 95.5 96.0 95.8 -0.2 179.1 187.0 189.1 189.0 -0.1
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.1 112.1 111.2 114.7 3.1 257.9 242.0 240.7 247.3 2.7
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.8 119.3 120.3 120.9 0.5 225.2 236.2 239.0 241.2 0.9
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.4 83.8 84.0 83.6 -0.5 150.0 156.9 158.6 157.4 -0.8
Durable goods.......................... . 83.7 83.1 83.5 82.9 -0.7 151.5 156.8 159.3 157.2 -1.3
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.9 84.5 84.8 84.3 -0.6 147.4 156.5 157.5 157.1 -0.3
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.5 131.7 132.6 132.4 -0.2 265.5 277.2 279.4 280.0 0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 115.9 117.8 118.2 119.0 0.7 214.7 223.0 224.8 227.2 1.1
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.3 113.5 113.7 113.9 0.2 206.8 212.7 213.1 215.3 1.0
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.5 102.7 103.2 104.0 0.8 181.2 187.6 190.0 191.2 0.6
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 164.4 170.5 171.0 173.4 1.4 303.5 321.3 324.7 331.6 2.1
Utilities................................... . 101.5 102.1 102.6 101.9 -0.7 191.4 196.1 197.2 195.1 -1.1
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.6 96.0 95.6 94.8 -0.8 194.0 201.2 202.7 201.2 -0.7
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.2 122.6 122.7 123.0 0.2 262.3 276.6 278.0 279.9 0.7
Professional and business services. . . . . 144.9 143.4 144.2 144.4 0.1 302.8 312.7 314.9 316.2 0.4
Private education and health services.. . 157.9 161.2 161.6 162.1 0.3 324.6 344.5 345.3 347.3 0.6
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.4 129.2 134.3 130.6 -2.8 285.0 293.4 305.4 297.0 -2.8
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.2 105.8 106.4 106.7 0.3 211.2 218.9 218.9 220.5 0.7

1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.