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Class 8th Notes Full

Class 8th Physics Notes cover essential concepts including force, pressure, friction, sound, chemical effects of electric current, natural phenomena, light, the solar system, and cell structure. Each chapter explains fundamental principles and definitions, such as the nature of forces, the behavior of sound waves, and the structure of cells. The notes aim to provide a solid foundation in physics for students to prepare for advanced studies.

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uddeshgautam46
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2 views3 pages

Class 8th Notes Full

Class 8th Physics Notes cover essential concepts including force, pressure, friction, sound, chemical effects of electric current, natural phenomena, light, the solar system, and cell structure. Each chapter explains fundamental principles and definitions, such as the nature of forces, the behavior of sound waves, and the structure of cells. The notes aim to provide a solid foundation in physics for students to prepare for advanced studies.

Uploaded by

uddeshgautam46
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 8th Physics Notes

Class 8th Physics Notes by Udesh

Chapter 1: Force and Pressure


Force is a push or pull that changes or tends to change the state of an object. There are two types
of forces: contact forces (like muscular force and friction) and non-contact forces (like gravitational,
magnetic, and electrostatic force). Pressure is defined as force per unit area. Liquids and gases
exert pressure in all directions. Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the air around us.

Chapter 2: Friction
Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. It depends on the nature of
the surfaces and the force pressing them together. Friction can be increased by making surfaces
rough or decreased by lubrication. Types of friction include static, sliding, and rolling friction. Though
friction opposes motion, it is also useful in many applications like walking, writing, and driving.

Chapter 3: Sound
Sound is produced by vibrating objects. It travels as a wave through a medium like air. The
characteristics of sound include amplitude, frequency, and wavelength. The pitch of a sound
depends on its frequency, and loudness depends on amplitude. Humans can hear sounds in the
range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. Sound cannot travel in vacuum. Echo is a reflected sound heard after
a short delay.

Chapter 4: Chemical Effects of Electric Current


When electric current is passed through a conducting liquid, chemical reactions may occur. This
process is called electrolysis. Substances that allow current to pass through them are called
conductors, and those that do not are insulators. The process of electroplating involves coating an
object with a thin layer of metal using electricity. Common examples include chrome plating and gold
plating.

Chapter 5: Some Natural Phenomena


This chapter deals with lightning and earthquakes. Lightning is caused due to the build-up and
discharge of static electricity during storms. Lightning conductors are used to protect buildings from
lightning damage. Earthquakes are vibrations of the Earth caused by movements in the Earth's
crust. The Richter scale measures the magnitude of earthquakes. It is important to stay safe during
an earthquake by staying under a sturdy table or against a wall.

Chapter 6: Light
Light travels in a straight line. It enables us to see objects. Reflection of light occurs when it bounces
off a surface. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Periscopes use plane mirrors
to see over obstacles. Lenses are transparent materials that refract light. Convex lenses converge
light rays, while concave lenses diverge them. The human eye is a natural optical instrument.

Chapter 7: Stars and the Solar System


The solar system consists of the Sun and the celestial bodies that revolve around it, including eight
planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. Stars are huge balls of burning gases. The Sun is the
nearest star to Earth. The phases of the Moon occur due to the changing positions of the Moon,
Earth, and Sun. Planets revolve around the Sun in fixed orbits. Artificial satellites are man-made
objects placed in orbit to gather information.

Chapter 8: Cell - Structure and Functions


The cell is the basic unit of life. There are two types: plant cells and animal cells. Cells have different
parts like the nucleus (controls the cell), cytoplasm (contains cell parts), and the cell membrane
(controls what enters and exits). Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts. Cells combine to form
tissues, which form organs and organ systems.

Important Definitions:
- Force: A push or pull on an object.
- Pressure: Force applied per unit area.
- Friction: A force that resists motion.
- Sound: Vibration that travels through a medium and can be heard.
- Electrolysis: Chemical decomposition using electricity.
- Reflection: Bouncing back of light from a surface.
- Star: A luminous body of gas that emits light.
- Cell: The basic structural and functional unit of life.
Conclusion:
This note provides a concise overview of the main physics concepts covered in Class 8.
Understanding these basics will help students build a strong foundation in science and prepare for
higher studies.

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