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The document discusses the importance of data compression for efficient storage, management, and transfer of various data types. It outlines two main types of compression techniques: lossy and lossless, detailing their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it lists common models used for both types of compression and highlights the benefits and challenges associated with data compression techniques.

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Raj Kumar
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4 views

22bce7256_assignment_2 (2)

The document discusses the importance of data compression for efficient storage, management, and transfer of various data types. It outlines two main types of compression techniques: lossy and lossless, detailing their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it lists common models used for both types of compression and highlights the benefits and challenges associated with data compression techniques.

Uploaded by

Raj Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT 2

NAME:HARSHITHA
REG:22BCE7256
SLOT:B2+TB2

Why compress data?


Storing, managing, and transferring data becomes essential in data
communication and other data-driven solutions. This is because no
matter the degree of advancement in computer hardware (RAM,
ROM, GPU) and forms of communication (internet), these
resources are scarce.Varied kinds of data can be compressed. This
includes numbers, text, video, images, audio, or even programs
and software. These data types can be reduced in different ratios,
such as 2:1, which means a data file with a 100 MB size can take up
only 50MB of disk space after compression. This compression, also
known as compaction, is performed through various
compression techniques.

What is data compression technique?


data compression techniques in digital communication refer to the
use of specific formulas and carefully designed algorithms used by
a compression software or program to reduce the size of various
kinds of data. There are particular types of such techniques that we
will get into, but to have an overall understanding, we can focus on
the principles.The use of data compression techniques in digital
communication greatly helps in reducing the time for a file transfer,
the cost of storage, and traffic in the network.
Types of data compression techniques
The two common types that always stand out are:

1. Lossy
2. Lossless

Lossy compression

Lossy data compression is used to compress larger files into


smaller files. In this compression technique, some specific amount
of data and quality are removed (loss) from the original file. It
takes less memory space from the original file due to the loss of
original data and quality. This technique is generally useful for us
when the quality of data is not our first priority.
Advantages and disadvantages of Lossy Compression

 Advantage:
The advantage of lossy compression is that it’s relatively quick, can
reduce the file size dramatically, and the user can select the
compression level. It is beneficial for compressing data like images,
video, and even audio by taking advantage of the limitation of the
human sense. This is because of the limit of our eyes and ears as
they cannot perceive a difference in the quality of an image and
audio before a certain point.

 Disadvantage:
The disadvantage of lossy is that decompression of data
compressed through lossy will not return the same data (in terms
of quality, size, etc.). Still, it will hold similar information (this, in
fact, is useful in some instances, such as streaming or downloading
content on the internet). However, on the flip side, constant
downloading and uploading of a file can compress and
consequently distort it beyond the point of recognition, causing
permanent information loss. Similarly, if a severe level of
compression is used by the user, then the output file might not be
anywhere close to the original input file.

Lossless Compression
Lossless compression, unlike lossy compression, doesn’t remove
any data; instead, it transforms it to reduce its size.Lossless data
compression is used to compress the files without losing an
original file's quality and data. Simply, we can say that in lossless
data compression, file size is reduced, but the quality of data
remains the same.

The main advantage of lossless data compression is that we can


restore the original data in its original form after the
decompression.

 Methodology: While lossy compression removes redundant


or unnoticeable pieces of data to reduce the size, lossless
compression transforms it through encoding it by using some
formula or logic. Here’s how lossless compression works.

Advantages and disadvantages of Lossless Compression


 Advantage:
There are types of data where lossy compression is not feasible. For
example, in a spreadsheet, software, program, or any data
comprised of factual text or numbers, lossy cannot work as every
number might be essential and can’t be considered redundant as
any reduction will immediately cause loss of information. Here
lossless compression becomes crucial as, upon decompression, the
file can be restored to its original state without losing any data.

 Disadvantage:
There is a limit to data compression. If data is already compressed,
then compressing it again will result in little to no reduction in its
size. Also, it is less effective against larger file sizes.

Data Compression Techniques: Advantages and


Disadvantages
There are several advantages of using the different data
compression techniques discussed above, such as-

1. Reduces the disk space occupied by the file.


2. Reading and Writing of files can be done quickly.

disadvantages such as-

1. The processing time taken by complex data compression


algorithms can be very high, especially if the data in question is
large.
2. Certain compression algorithms are resource-intensive and
may cause the machine to go out of memory.
3. There is a dependency on software that decompresses
compressed files.
4. The associated cost of compression can be monetary also,
with certain software requiring you to pay licensing fee.
5. Incompatibility issues can occur during decompression
processes.
6. Any error occurred during the transmission of compressed
data can cause significant information loss.

3. Increases the speed of transferring files through the internet


and other networks.

Lossless compression technique models

The most common models based on lossless technique are-

1. RLE (Run Length Encoding)


2. Dictionary Coder (LZ77, LZ78, LZR, LZW, LZSS, LZMA,
LZMA2)
3. Prediction by Partial Matching (PPM)
4. Deflate
5. Content Mixing
6. Huffman Encoding
7. Adaptive Huffman Coding
8. Shannon Fano Encoding
9. Arithmetic Encoding
10. Lempel Ziv Welch Encoding
11. ZStandard
12. Bzip2 (Burrows and Wheeler)

Lossy compression technique models-

The most common models based on the lossy technique are-

1. Transform coding
2. Discrete Cosine Transform
3. Discrete Wavelet Transform
4. Fractal Compression

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