CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA

DEFINITION: MULTIMEDIA WHERE TO USE MULTIMEDIA

Multimedia is any combination of text, art, sound,
animation and delivered to you by computer or other BUSINESS
electronic or digitally manipulated means. - Business applications for multimedia include
presentations training, marketing, advertising,
TYPE OF MULTIMEDIA product demos, databases, and networked
communication.
LINEAR MULTIMEDIA (→)
- Linear Multimedia is a type of a multimedia that is SCHOOL
designed to be presented in a sequential manner. - Educational software can be developed to
- It has a distinct beginning and end. enrich the learning process
- It goes on a logical flow from a starting point to a
conclusion. ENTERTAINMENT
- Main goals include: to entertain, to transmit - Games (Leisure/Educational), Movies, Video on
knowledge, and to make people familiar on a Demand, Music on Demand, etc.
certain topic WITHOUT any form of diversion.
HOME
ADVANTAGES: - Most multimedia projects reach the homes via
○ Audience gets to focus and concentrate on television sets or monitors with built-in user
a specific topic. inputs.
○ There is logical order in the presentation. - Gardening, cooking, home design etc.
○ Presenter controls the flow of the
presentation. PUBLIC PLACES
○ Effective when we need our audience to - Information Kiosk, Smart Cards, Security
absorb the information well. - Such installation reduce demand on traditional
DISADVANTAGES: information booths and personnel, add value,
○ Minimal interactivity, or none at all and they can work around the clock, even in the
○ Audience has no say on the topic they want middle of the night, when live help is off duty.
to dwell into
EXAMPLES:
Animation, Product Demo Video, Short Video DELIEVERING MULTIMEDIA
- Multimedia requires large amounts of digital
NON-LINEAR MULTIMEDIA (↔) memory when stored in an end user’s library,
- Non-linear multimedia is a nonsequential type of or large amounts of bandwidth when
multimedia where the person’s participation is distributed over wires, glass fiber, or airwaves
crucial. on a network. The greater the bandwidth, the
- The users control the delivery of elements – to bigger the pipeline, so more content can be
control the what and when the elements are delivered to end users quickly.
delivered.
- Users have the ability to move around or follow EXAMPLES:
different path through the information - CD ROM, DVD, Flash Drive
presentation. - Internet: Website and Mobile Apps
○ Clicking, Sliding, Zooming, Hovering,
Dragging, and Flipping

ADVANTAGES:
○ The person is in control and may use the
multimedia according to his preferences
and needs.
DISADVANTAGES:
○ Requires a level of computer literacy from
the user
○ May be unorganized if not used well.
EXAMPLES:
Website, Games

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CHAPTER 2: TEXT
DEFINITION: TEXT FONT SIZES
Words and symbols in any form, spoken or written, are the - Measured in points. (pt)
most common means of communication. ○ 1 point = 1/72 inch or 3.5 mm
- Character metrics are the general
UNDERSTANDING TEXT measurements applied to individual
- Text delivers information that can have potent meaning. characters.
- Text and ability to read it are doorways to power and
knowledge.
- It is important to cultivate accuracy and conciseness in
the specific words you choose.
- Text is a vital element of multimedia menus, navigation
systems, and content.
- It is important to design labels for title screens, menus,
buttons or tabs using words that have the most precise
and powerful meanings to express what you need to say

UNDERSTANDING FONTS & TYPEFACES KERNING VS LENDING

FONT VS TYPEFACES
- FONT: is a collection of characters of a single size
and style belonging to a particular typeface family.
EXP: Times New Roman, Arial, Verdana
- TYPEFACE: is a family of graphic characters that usually
includes many type sizes and styles.

EXAMPLE:
LEADING: Adjusts how text is
FONT TYPEFACE VERTICALLY spaced.

KERNING: Adjusts space, but of the

distance between TWO LETTERS

TRACKING: Adjust the spacing

throughout the ENTIRE WORD

DEFINITION: FONT STYLE

The attributes of characters

- BOLD: Using bold text will display your text in a thicker

font making one or more words really stand out from the CASES
rest and will tend to draw the reader's attention to these
words. UPPERCASE: A CAPITALIZED LETTER
- ITALIC : The italics font style slants the text to the right lowercase: a small letter
and thus can also be used to draw special attention to InterCap: Placing An Uppercase Letter In The
one or more words Middle Of A Word
- Underline: To place special emphasis on one or more
words CASE SENSITIVE: The text’s upper- and
- Strike-Through: Formally this is used to indicate text that lowercase letters must match exactly to be
has been edited or changed recognized.

EXAMPLE:
MULTImedia2018

CHP 2 Page 2
CHAPTER 2: TEXT
CASES (CONTINUE) USING TEXT IN MULTIMEDIA
- Ideas and concepts can be highlighted by making the text
CASE INSENSITIVE: Both the upper- and bold or by emphasizing text.
lowercase forms of a character are recognized to - A pleasant look can be created by experimenting with
be the same. different font faces, sizes, leadings, and kerning.
- Use text:
EXAMPLE: ○ For titles and headlines (what it’s all about)
multimedia = MULTImedia = MultiMEDIA ○ For menus (where to go)
○ For navigation ( how to get there)
SERIF VS SAN SERIF ○ For content( what you see when you get there)

SERIF CHOOSING TEXT FONTS

- The little decoration at the end of letter - Consider legibility when choosing fonts
stroke ○ Example: Website (seeking information), CD
- The small decorative pieces on the ends of GAMES etc.
each character are called Serifs - For small type, use the most readable font available.
- Traditionally used for body text because Decorative fonts that cannot be read are useless.
the serifs said to help guide the readers'
eye along the line of text. (Printed page)
- Easier to read in printed works
○ This is because the serif make the
individual letters more distinctive
and easier for our brains to recognise
- In text blocks, adjust the leading for the most pleasing
quickly. Without the serif, the brain
line spacing. Lines too tightly packed are difficult to read.
has to spend longer identifying the
- In large-size headlines, adjust the spacing between letters
letter because the shape is less
(kerning) so that the spacing feel right.
distinctive
- Avoid too many different typefaces in one piece of
communication / information.
- To make your type stand out or more legible, explore the
effects of different colours and of placing the text on
various backgrounds.
- If you are using centred type in a text block, keep the
number of lines and their width to a minimum.
EXAMPLE: - For attention grabbing results with single words or short
Times New Romans, Bookman Old
phrases:
Style, Old English Text, Century
○ Try graphically altering and distorting your text and
delivering the result as an image.
SAN SERIF
○ EXAMPLE:
- Sans is French for "WITHOUT"
Sphere, bend it into wave, etc.
- Do not have a serif at the end of a letter
- Surround headlines with white space
stroke
- Use meaningful words or phrases for links and menu
- Used for headlines and bold statements.
items
(Printed Page)
- Better in web
ANIMATING TEXT
○ An important exception must be
- To retain a viewer’s attention, you can animate bulleted
made for the web. Printed works
text and have it “fly” onto the screen.
generally have a resolution of at
least 1,000 dots per inch; whereas,
EXAMPLE:
computer monitors are typically
Animate bulleted text and have it “fly” onto the
around 100 dots per inch.
screen.

CHP 2 (2) Page 3

CHAPTER 3: IMAGES CROSS-PLATFORM FORMATS
The image file formats that are compatible
COLOUR across platforms are:
- Vital component of multimedia
- 2 most common colour model: RGB and CMYK DXF: (Drawing Interchange Format) - Used by
CAD applications.
DEFINITION: RGB
RGB (Red, Green and Blue) colour is used for digital PNG (Portable Network Graphics), JPEG (Joint
communications, like television or websites. Photographic Experts Group) and GIF
- The RGB model is known as an additive model, where colours (Graphics Interchange Format) most
are added together to make up what we see on the screen. commonly used formats on the Web.
- In the additive colour method, a colour is created by
combining coloured light sources in three primary colours GIF: The Graphic Interchange Format
(Red, Green and Blue) - The GIF format is a type of bitmap, but
- Light is projected through them, blending the colours on the unlike JPEG or PNG, GIF files are limited
eye’s retina to create the desired colours. to a maximum palette of 256 colours
(that help keep file sizes small which is
DEFINITION: CMYK ideal for even the slowest of internet
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black) is used for material made speeds)
for print, like brochures. Use GIF for:
- CMYK is a subtractive model. ○ Simple animations
- In the subtractive colour method, colour is created by ○ Small icons
combining coloured media such as paints or ink that absorb ○ Graphics with low pixel-to-pixel
(subtract) some parts of the colour spectrum of light and variation (i.e. lots of flat colour
reflect the others back to the eye. like logos and flags)
- These pigments, then, are printed onto paper in tiny little
cyan, magenta, yellow, and black dots. JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group.
- Unlike GIF, JPEG is a 16-bit format,
which means that it can blend red, blue
and green light to display millions of
colour.
- This makes JPG very ‘photo-friendly’.
This is partly why it is a standard format
when it comes to most digital cameras
on the market.
- Unlike the GIF and PNG, JPEG cannot
preserve transparency.
- If you are working in Photoshop: make sure you set the Use JPEG for:
appropriate colour mode for the media you expect to present ○ Still Images
your work in: ○ Photography
○ A website - RGB ○ Images with complex colours and
○ Printed (brochures etc)- CMYK. dynamic

IMAGE FILE FORMATS JPEG: Portable Network Graphics

- 3 TYPE - A newer file format than GIF and JPEG,
○ MACINTOSH FORMATS the PNG is like a combination between
○ WINDOWS FORMATS both the GIF and JPEG format.
○ CROSS-PLATFORM FORMATS - PNG allows you to render images with
millions of colours – much like JPEG –
MACINTOSH FORMATS & WINDOWS FORMATS but also offers the ability to preserve
- Most applications on any operating system can manage JPEG, transparency.
GIF, PNG and TIFF image formats. Use PNG for:
- An older format on the Macintosh , PICT, is complicated and ○ Web graphics that require
versatile format developed by Apple. transparency
- In a PICT file, both vector-drawn objects and bitmaps can ○ Colour heavy and complex
reside side-by-side. photographs and graphics
- The Device-independent bitmap (DIB), also known as a BMP, ○ Images that require re-editing
is a common image file format on Window. and re-exporting

CHP 3 Page 4
CHAPTER 4: SOUND
DEFINITION: SOUND - Amplitude is measured in decibel units (dB)
Sound is a natural phenomenon that involves
pressure and vibration.

WHAT IS SOUND?
- What we perceive as sound traveling across
time and distance is actually the invisible
moving presence of a sound pressure wave.
- Sound waves are a special type of energy and
require a molecular medium for propagation.
- They can travel though solids, gases, or liquids,
but air molecules are the best transmission
medium.
- Sound is the best way to attract attention.
- Often audio provides the only effective way to
convey an idea, elicit an emotion, or dramatize
point.
- Sounds also can be combined in a multimedia
presentation to provide information and
enhance the other media being presented. DEFINITION: FREQUENCY
The number of waves that pass a fixed place given
DEFINITION: AMPLITUDE amount of time
The distance from the crest of the wave to the trough

- The louder the sound, the greater the - Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), cycles
amplitude, and the taller its waveform will be. per second.
- The amplitude of a sound is greatest near the - 1 kHz = 1,000 Hz.
source and diminishes over distance and time. - Kilohertz (kHz) units for high frequencies.

- Frequency describes a sound's relative low or

high pitch

CHP 4 Page 5
CHAPTER 4: SOUND
DIGITAL AUDIO MIDI VS DIGITAL AUDIO
- Data is the actual representation of sound, stored MIDI DIGITAL AUDIO
in the form of samples. Analogous to structured Analogous to bitmapped
- Samples represent the amplitude (or loudness) of or vector graphics images
sound at a discrete point in time.
- Digital audio is the actual representation of Device dependent Device independent
sound, stored in the form of samples. Files size is smaller Files size is bigger
- Quality of digital recording depends on the
Sounds better when Sounds good
sampling rate (or frequency), that is, the number
played on a high quality
of samples taken per second. It is measured in
MIDI devices
kilohertz means thousands of samples per
second. Difficult to playback Can playback spoken
EXAMPLE: 22kHz spoken dialogue dialogue with ease
- The three sampling frequencies most often used Does not have Provides consistent
in multimedia are CD-quality 44.1 kHz, 22.05 kHz consistent playback playback quality
and 11.025 kHz. quality
- Digital audio is device independent (sound quality
based on the quality of your recording and not One requires knowledge One does not need to
the device on which your end user will play the of music theory in order have this requirement to
audio). to run MIDI run digital audio
- Crucial aspects of preparing digital audio files are:
○ Balancing the need for sound quality SIMPLIFIED VERS. (Kalau malas baca
against available RAM and hard disk panjang2 di atas haha)
resource.
○ Setting appropriate recording levels to get a DIMENSION DIGITAL AUDIO MIDI
high-quality and clean recording.
○ Once a recording had been completed, it Device Independent Dependent
almost always needs to be edited. File Size Big Small
Website Load Slow Load and play
MIDI quickly
- MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital
Interface. Sound Quality - Better (high-
- MIDI is a shorthand representation of music quality)
stored in numeric form. Playback Spoken Can do so with Difficult
- It is not digitized sound. Dialog ease
- A sequencer software and sound synthesizer is
Playback Quality Consistent Not consistent
required in order to create MIDI scores.
- A sequencer software and sound synthesizer is Knowledge in No Yes
required in order to create MIDI scores. Music Theory
- MIDI is device dependent
EXAMPLE: We prefer use:
The quality of the playback depends upon
MIDI when : Digital Audio when:
the end user’s MIDI device rather than the
recording Digital audio won’t You don’t have control
- Since they are small, MIDI files embedded in web work because you over the playback
pages load and play promptly. don’t have enough hardware.
- Length of a MIDI file can be changed without RAM, hard disk space,
affecting the pitch of the music or degrading CPU processing power
audio quality. or bandwidth.
- Working with MIDI requires knowledge of music You have a high-quality You have the computing
theory. MIDI sound source. resources and bandwidth
to handle digital files.
You don’t need spoken You need spoken dialog.
dialog.

CHP 4 (2) Page 6

CHAPTER 4: SOUND
ADDING SOUND TO MULTIMEDIA PROJECT
- File formats compatible with multimedia authoring
software being used along with delivery mediums,
must be determined.
- Sound playback capabilities offered by end user’s
system must be studied.
- The type of sound, whether background music,
special sound effects, or spoken dialog, must be
decided.
- Digital audio or MIDI data should be selected on the
basis of the location and time of use.

CHP 4 (3) Page 7

CHAPTER 5: ANIMATION
DEFINITION: ANIMATION DEFINITION: PERSISTENCE OF VISION
- Animation can be defined as act of making something Persistence of vision is the eye’s ability to keep
come alive. seeing an image of an object for a fraction of a
- Animation is the creation of simulated movement by second after the object has disappeared from
using a series of image. view. The image of an object stays on your
- It is visual change over time and can add great power to retina even after you’ve stopped looking at it.
your multimedia projects and web pages. Your eye and brain actually retain a visual
impression for about 1/20th of a second.
THE POWER OF NOTION
- A simple form of animation is a transition effects. DEFINITION: PHI PHENOMENON
○ Wipe, Fade, Zoom, Dissolve Phi phenomenon is an illusion where one
- But animation is more than wipes, fades & zooms perceives a continuous motion in separate
- Animation is an object moving across or into or out of the objects displayed rapidly in succession.
screen.
○ A spinning globe of our earth, a bug crawling, etc DEFINITION: CEL ANIMATION
- Animation grabs attention Cel animation is a technique in which a series
○ You can animate your entire project or just its key of progressively different graphics are used on
parts each frame of movie film.
- Animated infographics become increasingly popular - Cel animation begins with keyframes.
because it's appealing the eyes of the audience rather - The term "Cel" is derived from the clear
than words alone. celluloid sheets that were used for
- Animated infographics are able to convey much more drawing each frame.
information with successive images compared with still - 1 minute – 1440 separate frames
images. - Each frame may be composed of many
- Just like static infographics, the animated versions convey layers of cel.
information, data and statistics through a blend of words
and images.
- The advantage is that infographic videos have the added
dimensions of motion and an audio track, allowing for
music, voiceovers and sound effects.

THE PRINCIPLE OF ANIMATION

HOW DOES ANIMATION WORK?

- A biological phenomenon known as persistence of vision
○ An object seen by human eye remains chemically
mapped on the eye’s retina for a brief time after
viewing. - Cel animation artwork begin with
- A psychological phenomenon called phi. keyframes.
○ Human mind need to conceptually complete a ○ Keyframes show the start and end
perceive action. of some action.
○ EXAMPLE ○ The series of frames in between
Translating the action the keyframes are drawn in a
- In animation, a series of images are rapidly changed to process called tweening.
create an illusion of movement.
- Still images are flashed in a sequence to produce an
illusion of movement
- Animation are all comprised of a sequence of still images.
However, when we view them – we don't see the
separate images; we see motion.

BENCHMARK
- 8 frames per second = poor quality animation
- 12 frames per second = standard animation
- 24 frames per second for short bursts of smooth, realistic
motion.

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CHAPTER 5: ANIMATION
COMPUTER ANIMATION ANIMATION FILE FORMATS
- Computer animation is very similar to cel animation – use - Windows Media files can be .avi, .asf,
terms such as layer, keyframe and tweening. or .wmv.
- The primary difference is in how much must be drawn by - Apple QuickTime files can be .qt or .mov.
the animator and how much is automatically generated - Motion video files can be .mpeg or .mpg.
by the software. - Flash files will be (.fla and .swf.)
- In computer animation, inks refer to special methods for - Shockwave files will be .dcr.
computing colour values, providing edge detection and 3D Studio Max (.max)
layering. - GIF (.gif) files also support animation.
- KINEMATICS: is the study of the movement and motion
of structures that have joints, such as walking man.
MAKING ANIMATIONS THAT WORK
- Toon Boom Animation
- Adobe Animate
- AutoDesk’s Maya
- 3D Studio Max
- NewTek’s Lightwave

- INVERSE KINEMATICS: is the process of linking objects,

and defining their relationship and limits.
○ EXAMPLE
Elbows cannot be bend backward

MORPHING
- Is a popular effect in which one image transforms into
another.
- Morphing applications and other modelling tools that offer
this effect can transition not only between moving images as
well

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