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2009sol9 (1)

This document is an assignment for MECH 240 Thermodynamics at the University of Victoria, detailing problems related to adiabatic processes, steam cycles, and geothermal power plants. It includes tasks such as calculating temperatures, pressures, enthalpies, and efficiencies in various thermodynamic scenarios. The assignment is due on November 30, 2009, and requires the drawing of p-v and T-s diagrams for all problems.

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7 views

2009sol9 (1)

This document is an assignment for MECH 240 Thermodynamics at the University of Victoria, detailing problems related to adiabatic processes, steam cycles, and geothermal power plants. It includes tasks such as calculating temperatures, pressures, enthalpies, and efficiencies in various thermodynamic scenarios. The assignment is due on November 30, 2009, and requires the drawing of p-v and T-s diagrams for all problems.

Uploaded by

claramarufu532
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Victoria Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr.

Henning Struchtrup

MECH 240 Thermodynamics Assignment 9


posted: 23.11.2009
due: 30.11.2009, 16:00pm
drop box besides ELW A144
As always: Draw p-v- and T-s-diagrams for all problems!

9.1 Adiabatic throttle


To relieve a duct, superheated water vapor at 10Mpa, 600ºC is throttled into the environment where the
pressure is 1bar. Determine the temperature of the vapor entering the environment, and the entropy
generation per unit mass. Estimate work loss.

9.2 Adiabatic Nozzle


Superheated water vapor at 10Mpa, 600ºC is expanded into the environment, where the pressure is 1bar.
The isentropic efficieny of the nozzle is 95%. Determine the velocity and temperature at the nozzle exit.

9.3 Diffuser
The inlet ducting to a jet engine forms a diffuser that steadily decelerates the entering air to negligible
velocity relative to the engine. Consider an airplane flying at 1000km/h in a height where the pressure is 0.6
bar, and the temperature is -3ºC. Assume ideal gas behaviour with variable specific heats, adiabatic
reversible flow conditions, and neglect potential energy effects.
Compute the temperature and the pressure at the exit of the diffuser.

9.4 Steam cycle


Consider a simple steam power plant that develops a power of 100MW. The condenser pressure is 10 kPa,
the pressure in the steam generator is 8MPa, and the temperature at the turbine inlet is 500°C. The
isentropic efficiency of the pump is 75%. At the turbine exit the quality is measured as x = 0.91.
i.) Draw a schematic, a T-s-diagram, and a p-v-diagram (both with respect to saturation lines) of the plant.
ii.) Determine the enthalpies at the corner points, and the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
iii.) Determine the isentropic efficiency of the turbine.
iv.) Determine the mass flow of water through the cycle.
v.) In the condenser the heat is transferred to a stream of cooling water which changes its temperature by
10°C. Compute the mass flow of cooling water (incompr. liquid with specific heat cw = 4.2 kJ/kgK)

9.5 Geothermal steam power plant


In the Larderello (Italy) steam power plant, steam at 5 bar, 220°C is produced by geothermal heating.
Assume that the processes in the plant follow the basic Rankine cycle with irreversible turbine (ηT = 0.85)
and reversible pump. The condenser temperature is 40°C.
i.) Compute the enthalpies at the corner points.
ii.) Compute the thermal efficiency, and discuss its value as compared to standard steam power plants
(which operate at higher p, T).

9.6 Adiabatic polytropic process


Consider an irreversible adiabatic compression p1 -> p2 of an ideal gas with constant specific heats. The
process can be described as polytropic with exponent n.
i.) Which of the following restrictions apply to the coefficient n? Give your arguments!
a) 1 ≤ n ≤ k , b) 0 ≤ n ≤ ∞ , c) 0 ≤ n ≤ 1 , d) k ≤ n ≤ ∞ , e) 0 ≤ n ≤ k .
ii.) What is the equivalent condition for an adiabatic polytropic expansion?

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