INTRODUCTION OF

INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
COMPUTER : DEFINITION

1. The computer is an electronic device for performing arithmetic and logical

operations.

2. logical operations - these are the type of operations in which decisions are
involved.

3. The computer is a device or flexible machine to process data and convert it

into information.

4. Data is simply raw facts or figures collected whereas information is what one
gets after processing the data. Information is always useful and meaningful for
the user
MEANING OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

5. When computer and communication technologies are combined, the result is Information
Technology

Data
Processing INFORMATION

Summaries Report
MEANING OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Actually tangible parts. Those
tangible parts of a computer that you
can touch and see.
6. COMPUTER HARDWARE
Examples: keyboard, screen, printer
box in the computer or the
processing devices it self (system
unit)

SOFTWARE Software are sets of instruction that

tell a computer what to do
MEANING OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

7. There are four basic operations which a computer performs, irrespective of the program which is
running on it. They are classified as:

a. Input – this involves inserting or feeding data into the computer by means of an input device, like a
keyboard

b. Processing – some kind of processing is done in the computer to take out or transform data in
some way

c. Output – the computer produces an output on a devices, such as printer or a monitor, that shows
the result of the processing operations.

d. Storage – the computer stores the result of processing operations for future use in some storage
device, such as a hard disk or a floppy disk
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

1. (ABACUS – CHINA) 1450 B.C

HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

2. NAPIER “BONES” - 1600

The “bones” were strips of ivory with

number written on them. When the bones
were arranged properly, the user could
read the numbers adjacent columns to
get the answer of multiplication
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

3. ADDING MACHINE (1642) - BLAISE PASCAL

HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

4. MULTIPLYING MACHINE (1642) – GOTTFRIED LEIBNITZ

HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

5. JAQUARD LOOM (1804) – JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD

Joseph Marie Jaquard developed a

programmable loom, which used large
cards and holes punched in them to
control the pattern automatically. The
output was a thick rich cloth with
repetitive floral or geometric patterns
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

6. DIFFERENCE ENGINE (1822) – CHARLES BABBAGE

Charles Babbage developed of a

machine which could perform complex
calculations. He invented the “difference
engine” which could perform complex
calculation and print them out as well. He
had to solve many complex formulae and
found it difficult to cope up with them in
the given time period.
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

7. “ARITHROMETER” – CHARLES XAVIER THOMAS

The machine performed addition,

subtraction, multiplication, division, and
square foot function accurately
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
8. ANALYTIC ENGINE (1863) – CHARLES BABBAGE

Charles Babbage is recognized a

“The father of computers”. he had
conceived of a mechanism, which
could carry out long sequence of
complex calculation under
automatic control. He used a form
of the punched card for inputting the
data. That would have a complete
modern computer. However,
technology at that time was not
advanced enough to provide him
hardware he required. However, he
was the first person to conceived
the “Stored Program” concept
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

9. PUNCH CARD MACHINE (1896) – DR. HERMAN HOLLERITH

EARLY ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS

1. Turing Machine (1930)

2. John Atanasoff’s ABC (1939)
3. Mark –I (1940)
4. ENIAC (1943)
5. Mark – II (Dr. Howard Aiken)
6. EDSAC (1947)
7. Univac-I
1 2 3

4 5 6

7
COMPUTER GENERATIONS

1. 1ST generation
2. 2nd generation
3. 3rd generation
4. 4th generation
5. 5th generation

Task to do!!!!
CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPUTER

1. Speed
2. Storage
3. Accuracy
4. Versatility
5. Automation
6. Diligence
CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPUTER

SPEED

1. The computer was initially invented as a very high-speed calculator.

2. It helped in completing many scientific projects that were previously impossible.

3. The ability to get the answers fast enough so that one has time to take an action

4. When talking about the speed of computers, we don’t talk in seconds or

microseconds but in nanoseconds (10–9 seconds) or even Pico seconds (10-17
seconds). You can very well imagine the speed of computer by the fact that a
computer can add two 18-digit numbers in 300 to 400 nanoseconds: that means
that it can do about 3 million such calculations per second
CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPUTER

STORAGE

1. The human mind acquires some knowledge and after it has used it, it might keep it
in its subconscious mind or might even forget it after some time. But computers can
store massive amounts of information.

2. This information can be used and reused time and again for years (unless
something goes wrong with the hardware). Today’s computers have disks with a
capacity of storing billions of characters.

3. This is big enough to store the complete Britannica thesaurus, dozens of computer
programs or the applications, thousands of songs, huge databases, all the projects
we have ever done in our life and much more.
CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPUTER

ACCURACY

Computers are very accurate. They do make mistakes, but seldom. This is because of
their physical circuit. They make mistakes because of faulty programs, some mistake
made while feeding in the data or poor designing. Highly efficient error detecting
techniques of computers prevent showing false results.
CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPUTER

VERSATILITY

Computers are capable of performing any type of task, provided the activity can be put
into logical steps. It can be used from cooking (microwave oven) to spending a night on
the moon (through satellites). In today’s world it is difficult to imagine even a single
field which is untouched by computer invasion
CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPUTER

AUTOMATION

A computer is much more than just a calculator in which we need to give the
instructions at every step. It is an intelligent device and, if programmed for an activity,
it keeps doing it till it finishes, without any human intervention
CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPUTER

DILIGENCE

A computer, being a machine, does not show any signs of fatigue, tiredness, lack of
concentration, or loss in interest. The speed, accuracy and the quality would be
absolutely the same in the first and the last calculation, even if the computer does
millions of calculations. It won’t complain even once of boredom. Thus, it is best suited
for monotonous and voluminous work although that may seem like a threat to the
people who are working on the same kind of jobs.
CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPUTER

RELIABILITY

1. All the above qualities of computers make them reliable and also make us too
dependent on them. They can be run for years and years without any loss of data or
facing any other problem.

2. Although computers can potentially solve all the problems when instructed
appropriately, they are not creative. They are designed and run by humans only.
They might make an exact copy of Picaso’s paintings but actually can not give the
world their original creations. They might print out countless copies of
Shakespeare’s Hamlet but can never write anything on their own. They might
replicate the Taj Mahal but will never be able to produce architecture like that on
their own. And we must be happy about that as we humans still are superior to
computers.
TASK ASSOCIATED WITH COMPUTERS

MULTIPURPOSE TOOL
1. Business
2. Medicine and health Care
3. Education
4. Science
5. Engineering
6. Manufacturing
7. Legal Practices
8. Government
9. Law Enforcement
10. Defence
11. Music
12. Theatre, Film and television
13. At home
14. Internet