AE-JE

ENGINEERS WALLAH
PRACTICE SHEET
OCF
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Q1 If the conjugate depth before and after the (A) When the pressure forces and the change
jump are 0.5 m and 2.5 m respectively, the loss of momentum are different from each
of energy in the hydraulic jump will be- other
(A) 0.80 m (B) 3.20 m (B) When the channel slope is equal to the
(C) 6.40 m (D) 1.60 m normal slope
(C) When there is an equilibrium between the
Q2 In an open channel flow :
forces causing the flow and those opposing
(A) Total energy line is below free surface
it.
(B) Hydraulic gradient line is below free
(D) When the force causing the flow is equal to
surface
the resistance force.
(C) Total energy line coincides with free surface
(D) Hydraulic gradient line coincides with free Q7 The flow will be in super critical state in the
surface following profile:
(A) M3, S3& M1
Q3 The sequent depth ratio of a hydraulic jump in
(B) M2, S1& M3
a rectangular horizontal channel is 10.30. The
(C) S2, S3& M3
Froude number at the beginning of the jump
(D) S1, S2& S3
is
(A) 5.64 (B) 7.63 Q8 The discharge in open channel is generally
(C) 8.05 (D) 13.61 measured by
(A) Venturimeter
Q4 A steady discharge of 1 cumec flows uniformly
(B) Orificemeter
in a rectangular channel 1 m wide at a depth
(C) Manometer
of 250 mm. The slope of the channel bed is
(D) Venturiflume
(A) adverse (B) steep
(C) critical (D) mild Q9 If in a hydraulic jump, supercritical depth and
subcritical depth are 1.0 m and 2.5 m
Q5 The Reynolds number for a flow in a channel is
respectively, the loss of energy in hydraulic
1000. What type of flow is it?
jump in a rectangular channel is
(A) Laminar
(A) 0.15 m (B) 0.3375 m
(B) Turbulent
(C) 0.225 m (D) 0.880 m
(C) Transition
(D) Steady Q10 A 2.0m wide rectangular channel has normal
depth of 1.45 m when the discharge is (9.81
Q6 In open channels, gradually varied flow is
m3 / s) / m The slope of the channel is
caused
classified as

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(A) Steep (B) Critical (B) a subcritical flow meets a subcritical flow
(C) Horizontal (D) Mild (C) a supercritical flow meets a supercritical
flow
Q11 The characteristics of critical state of flow
(D) a supercritical flow meets a subcritical flow
through a channel section are as follows
(A) The specific energy is minimum for a given Q17 If a rectangular channel carrying uniform flow
discharge with a specific energy 'E' and depth of flow ' yn
(B) The discharge is a maximum for given
, then the ratio is equal to
specific energy
(A) (B)
(C) The Froude's number is equal to unity
(D) All of these
(C) (D)
Q12 If the depth of water in an open channel is
greater than the critical depth, the flow is
called: Q18 The depth of flow for maximum velocity in a 12
(A) critical flow circular channel section with diameter equal to
(B) turbulent flow 1.5 m is
(C) tranquil flow (A) 0.75 m (B) 1.065 m
(D) torrential flow (C) 1.215 m (D) 1.425 m

Q13 The discharge per metre width in the foot of a Q19 If the specific energy at the upstream section
spillway is 10m3/s at a velocity of 20 m/s. A of a rectangular channel is 3 m and minimum
perfect free hydraulic jump will occur at the specific energy is 2.5m, the maximum height
foot of the spillway when the tail water depth of jump without causing afflux will be
is approximately equal to: (A) 0.50 m (B) 1.20 m
(A) 4.50 m (B) 5.00 m (C) 2.50 m (D) 5.50 m
(C) 6.20 m (D) 1.30 m
Q20 If the Froude number of a hydraulic jump is
Q14 In a rectangular channel, the depth of flow is 5.50, it can be classified as
1.6m and the specific energy at that section is (A) an oscillating jump
2.7m, flow is: (B) a weak jump
(A) Sub critical (C) a strong jump
(B) Super critical (D) a steady jump
(C) Critical
Q21 Development of surges in open channel is-
(D) Not possible
(A) gradually varied flow
Q15 The length of hydraulic jump is: (B) rapidly varied flow
(A) 5 to 7 times the height of the jump (C) steady flow
(B) 3 times the height of the jump (D) normal flow
(C) More than 10 times of the height of the
Q22 At a hydraulic jump, depth at the two sides are
jump
0.4 m and 1.4 m. The head loss in the jump is
(D) 12 times are the height of the jump
nearly
Q16 A hydraulic jump is formed when: (A) 1 (B) 0.9
(A) a subcritical flow meets a supercritical flow (C) 0.7 (D) 0.45

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Q23 In deriving the equation for the hydraulic jump (D) Depth of flow is equal to half the hydraulic
in the rectangular channel in terms of the radius
conjugate depths and the initial Froude
Q29 In horizontal rectangular channel, the
Number.
conjugate depth of flow before and after the
(A) Continuity equation and energy equation
hydraulic jump are observed as 0.25 m and
are used
1.25 m, the energy loss to jump will be-
(B) Continuity equation and momentum
(A) 0.8 (B) 1.0
equation are used
(C) 1.25 (D) 1.50
(C) Equations of continuity, momentum and
energy are used Q30 Which of the following Froude number ranges
(D) Gradually varied flow equation is used indicates a weak jump?
(A) 1.0 to 1.7
Q24 The strength of a jump is indicated by :
(B) 1.7 to 2.5
(A) the upstream velocity of the liquid
(C) 2.5 to 4.5
(B) the downstream velocity of the liquid
(D) 4.5 to 9.0
(C) the upstream froude number
(D) the upstream depth of flow

Q25 Manning's formula is used for the analysis of

the problems of
(A) flow through channels
(B) flow through pipes
(C) head loss due to friction in channel
(D) head loss due to friction in pipe

Q26 For economical rectangular section of canal

depth of flow should be equal to:
(A) Half of width of canal.
(B) One third of the width of canal.
(C) One fourth of the width of canal.
(D) One fifth of the width of canal.

Q27 In a steady flow in a channel with a discharge

per unit width (q) the critical depth is equal to
(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Q28 A rectangular channel section will be most

efficient when
(A) Hydraulic radius is equal to half the depth
of flow
(B) Hydraulic radius is equal to the depth of
flow
(C) Depth of flow is equal to the bottom width

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Answer Key
Q1 D Q16 D

Q2 D Q17 D

Q3 B Q18 C
Q4 B Q19 A

Q5 C Q20 D
Q6 D Q21 B

Q7 C Q22 D

Q8 D Q23 B
Q9 B Q24 C

Q10 A Q25 A

Q11 D Q26 A
Q12 C Q27 A

Q13 C Q28 A
Q14 B Q29 A

Q15 A Q30 B

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Hints & Solutions

Note: scan the QR code to watch video solution

Q1 Text Solution: The force causing the flow, if equal to

Given, y1 = 0.5m; y2 = 2.5 m resistance force flow will rapidly varied.
Energy loss in hydraulic jump Q7 Text Solution:
For super critical states profiles are following-
S2 = yc > y > y0
S3 = yc > y0 > y
Q2 Text Solution: M3 = y0 > yc > y
HGL is coincident with the free surface flow
Where,
area is determined by the geometry of the
yc = critical depth Where,
channel plus the level of free surface which is
y = Normal depth
likely to change along the flow direction and as
y0 = initial depth
well as time.

Q3 Text Solution: Q8 Text Solution:

Venturimeter and orifice meter are used to
measure discharge in pipe flows. whereas
Given, manometer is a device used to measure fluid
pressure. Generally Venturiflume are used to
measure discharge in open channel.

Q9 Text Solution:
loss in energy
F1 = 7.628 ≈ 7.63

Q4 Text Solution: Given data,

Given, Q = 1 m3 / s width B = 1 m; depth yn = y1 = 1.0 m

250 mm = 0.25 m y2 = 2.5 m

Critical depth
Q10 Text Solution:
q = (9.81 m3 / s) / m
yc > y n Normal depth, Y0 = 1.45 m

Therefore steep slope and flow is super-

critical.

Q5 Text Solution:
Reynolds number – 500 to 600 – Laminar flow
Reynolds number – 500 to 2000 – Transition
Reynolds number – > 2000 – Turbulent flow.

Q6 Text Solution:
since y0 = y0 < yc i.e, yc > 1.45 m (y0)

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∴ slope of channel is classified as steep.

Q11 Text Solution:

At critical state of flow:
1. Specific energy of flow is minimum.
2. Froude's number (f) = 1
3. At this stage discharge is maximum. y = Nominal depth (yn)

Q12 Text Solution:

Streaming flow or tranquil flow is the flow
when depth of flow in an open channel is
greater than the critical depth.

Q13 Text Solution: Q18 Text Solution:

Depth of flow for maximum velocity,
q = 10 m3/s
y = 0.81 D
V1 = 20 m/s
y = 0.81 × 1.5 m
y = 1.215 m

Q19 Text Solution:

F1 = 9.03
E1 = 3 m at upstream section
Ec = 2.5m Maximum loss of energy
using,
E1 = EC + ΔZ
ΔZ = 0.5 m

Q20 Text Solution:

Froude Energy loss
Type of jump
y2 = 6.14 m Number (EL)
Undular jump 1.0 < f1 ≤ 1.7 0
Q14 Text Solution:
Depth of flow (y) = 1.6m Specific energy (E) = Weak jump 1.7 < f1 ≤ 2.5 5%
2.7m Oscillating 2.5 < f1 ≤ 4.5 45%
In a rectangular channel Steady 4.5 < f1 ≤ 9.0 45 to 70%
greater than
Strong jump f1 < 9
70%
∵ y < yc
∴ (super critical flow) Q21 Text Solution:
A surge in an open channel is a sudden change
Q15 Text Solution:
of flow depth (i.e. abrupt increase or decrease
Experimentally is found that length of jump is
in depth). An abrupt increase in flow depth is
between 5 to 7 times the height of jump.
called a positive surge while a sudden
Q16 Text Solution: decrease in depth is termed as negative
A hydraulic jump is formed when a surge.
supercritical flow meets a subcritical flow. So, if the rapidly varied flow is in unsteady
Q17 Text Solution: condition and rapidly changes from
supercritical to subcritical then, such
We know that
phenomenon is called hydraulic surges.

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Q22 Text Solution: through a channel of rectangular section is

maximum when its breadth is twice the depth.
Head loss HL =
Q27 Text Solution:
In steady flow in channel with discharge per
unit width (q) the critical depth yc is given as

= 0.446

Q23 Text Solution: Q28 Text Solution:

In deriving the equation for the hydraulic jump Let width and depth of channel bed b and h
in the rectangular channel in terms of the respectively.
conjugate depths and the initial Froude
number, continuity equation and momentum
equation are used.

Q24 Text Solution:

In hydraulic jump, flow changes from super
critical to subcritical. The strength of jump is
decided by Froude number corresponding to
(i) b = 2h (for most efficient channel)
supercritical flow i.e. upstream flow (F1)
(ii) Hydraulic radius
Q25 Text Solution:
Manning's formula is used for the analysis of
the problems of the flow in an open channel
flow. Q29 Text Solution:
y1 = 0.25 m y2 = 1.25 m
where n = Manning's coefficient (depends
Energy loss due to jump,
upon roughness of channel)

S = Slpe of bed
Q30 Text Solution:
Q26 Text Solution: Classification of jump on basis of Froude's
For economical Rectangular Section: number -
Undular jump 1.0 < fr ≤ 1.7
The most economical section of a rectangular Weak jump 1.7 < fr ≤ 2.5
channel is one which has hydraulic radius Oscillating jump 2.5 < fr ≤ 4.5
equal to half the depth of flow. The discharge
Steady Jump 4.5 < fr ≤ 9.0
Strong jump fr > 9

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