1. Phospholipids are ____________________________________________.

a. hydrophobic molecules with a polar head group and non-polar tails.

b. amphipathic molecules with a polar head group and hydrophobic tails.
c. amphipathic molecules with a hydrophobic head group and hydrophilic tails
d. hydrophilic molecules with a polar head group and non-polar tails.

2. Which of the following BEST describes how a bacterium would respond as temperature is lowered?

It would…..

a. reduce the fluidity of the membrane by removing cholesterol from the membrane.
b. reduce the fluidity of the membrane by removing phospholipid translocator proteins.
c. maintain the fluidity of the membrane by producing phospholipids with shorter tails and introducing cis-
double bonds in these tails.
d. It increase the fluidity of the membrane by removing cis-double bonds from phospholipid tails and
shortening these tails.

3. Which of the following is an exoplasmic face?

a. The leaflet of the inner mitochondrial membrane that faces the matrix.
b. The leaflet of a vesicle membrane that faces the lumen.
c. The leaflet of the inner nuclear membrane that faces the inside of the nucleus
d. All of the above.

4. Which of the following BEST describes the FRAP data shown below?

a. The transmembrane proteins in II are more mobile than in III and IV, but less mobile than in I.
b. The least mobile transmembrane proteins are in I.
c. It is likely that cytosolic proteins were photobleached in III and IV, but not in I and II.
d. The transmembrane proteins in I are more mobile than in III and IV, but less mobile than in II.

5. You have been studying protein X which you observe to be sorted through the endomembrane system to
the plasma membrane. This protein is most likely _____________________________.

a. a GPI anchored protein on the exoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.

b. a prenyl anchored protein on the exoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
c. a prenyl anchored protein on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane.
d. a GPI anchored protein on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane.

EXAM FORM CODE - A Page 1 of 10

6. Multipass integral membrane proteins are ____________________.

a. hydrophobic.
b. hydrophilic.
c. amphipathic.
d. channel proteins but not transporters.

7. Which of the following most directly stops net transport by the Na+/glucose symporter?

a. Decreasing ATP.
b. Reversing the glucose concentration.
c. Equalizing the Na+ electrochemical gradient on both sides of the membrane.
d. Increasing Na+/K+ pump activity.

8. A toxicologist is trying to determine how a particular poison works. She decides to culture epithelial cells
and then adds the poison. The membrane potential immediately changes from approximately -100 mV
(without the poison) to approximately -10 mV (with the poison). Which of the following hypotheses is the
most logical?

a. The poison stops the activity of K+ leak channels.

b. The poison increases the activity of lysosomal V-type ATPases.
c. The poison stops the activity of ABC transporters.
d. The poison stops the activity of Na+/H+ exchangers.

9. Which of the following is correctly ordered from the molecule which moves the fastest across a lipid bilayer
(with no transport proteins) to the molecule which moves the slowest?

a. Water, Oxygen, Glucose, Sodium ions, DNA.

b. Glucose, Oxygen, Water, DNA, Sodium ions.
c. Oxygen, Water, Glucose, Sodium ions, DNA.
d. Oxygen, Water, Glucose, DNA, Sodium ions.

10. How would the Na+/H+ exchanger respond to a decrease in cytosolic pH?

a. It increases the rate that H+ is pumped out of the cell and Na+ is pumped into the cell.
b. It increases the rate that H+ and Na+ are pumped into the cell.
c. It decreases the rate that H+ is pumped out of the cell and Na+ is pumped into the cell.
d. It decreases the rate that H+ and Na+ are pumped into the cell.

11. During the pumping cycle of the Na+/K+ pump, which of the following BEST describes an occluded
conformation?

a. Bound to two K+ ions and releasing three Na+ ions.

b. Bound to either two K+ ions or three Na+ ions.
c. Bound to three K+ ions and releasing two Na+ ions.
d. Bound to either three K+ ions or two Na+ ions.

EXAM FORM CODE - A Page 2 of 10

12. Which of the following is required for transcellular transport of glucose across the epithelial cells that line
the small intestine?

a. K+ from the lumen of the intestine.

b. Na+ from the lumen of the intestine.
c. A higher concentration of glucose in the blood stream than in the cytosol of the epithelial cell.
d. A higher concentration of Na+ in the cytosol of the epithelial cell than in the extracellular fluid on the
basolateral side of the epithelial cell.

13. If a mutation in the signal sequence delivered the ATP synthase complex to the lysosome membrane with
the ATPase domain located in the cytosol, what would you expect to observe?

a. If no ATP was available in the cytosol, the ATP synthase would acidify the lysosome lumen.
b. If ADP was not available, the ATP synthase would acidify the cytosol.
c. As long as a supply of ATP was available in the cytosol, the ATP synthase would function like a V-type
ATPase.
d. The ATP synthase would not allow any protons to move across the membrane.

14. A bioinformatician is searching the genome for genes that encode for secreted proteins. Which of the
following should she look for?

Genes that encode for…

a. introns (splice sites) close to the start codon.

b. proteins that are entirely hydrophilic.
c. proteins with hydrophilic amino acids at both their N-terminus and C-terminus, with hydrophobic amino
acids in the middle.
d. proteins with hydrophobic amino acids at their N-terminus.

15. Which of the following allows for unregulated free diffusion of Ca++?

a. Vesicular membranes.
b. Peroxisomal membranes.
c. The nuclear pore complex.
d. The endoplasmic reticulum translocator.

16. What might you conclude about a protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that does not bind to any membrane
associated sorting receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane?

a. It is a protein that is normally resident in mitochondria but the signal sequence has been mutated.
b. It is a protein that is resident in the Golgi apparatus.
c. It is a protein that is resident in a peroxisome.
d. It is a protein that is resident in the endoplasmic reticulum.

17. Actin proteins are ______________________________.

a. GTPases
b. ATPases
c. a component of intermediate filaments
d. motor proteins

EXAM FORM CODE - A Page 3 of 10

18. Where would you expect to find a single pass transmembrane protein that is normally found in the plasma
membrane if the sorting signal was deleted from the protein?

a. In the RER membrane.

b. In the SER membrane.
c. In the cytosol.
d. In the ER lumen.

19. One of the functions of a vacuole is to maintain turgor pressure by controlling the movement of water. You
have discovered a transport protein involved in maintaining turgor pressure that is located in the vacuole
membrane. These same membranes also contain proton pumps which acidify the vacuole lumen. The
transport protein you have discovered is MOST likely to be _________________________.

a. a single pass transmembrane protein.

b. an H+/water antiporter.
c. a water channel.
d. an H+/water symporter.

20. A mutation in the translocon protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that prevents the lateral gate from
releasing proteins into the lipid bilayer would affect proteins sorted to __________________.

a. the nucleus.
b. mitochondria.
c. the lysosome.
d. the extracellular space.

21. Which of the following statements BEST describes the microtubule GTP cap?
It is only composed of _____________________________________________________________.

a. radioactively-labeled heterodimers bound to GTP, and moves with treadmilling.

b. T form monomers, and conversion to D form will cause destabilization.
c. actin monomers, but with a cap of GTP molecules at the plus end.
d. T form heterodimers, but different molecules as time progresses.

22. Which of the following will increase the concentration of proteins in the Golgi apparatus?

a. An actin depolymerase.
b. A microtubule depolymerase.
c. A dynein inhibitor.
d. A kinesin inhibitor.

23. In a microtubule, which of the following will occur?

a. α-tubulin will bind γ-tubulin, but not β-tubulin.

b. α-tubulin will bind α-tubulin, but not β-tubulin.
c. α-tubulin will bind to both α- and β-tubulins.
d. α-tubulin will bind β-tubulin, but not α-tubulin.

EXAM FORM CODE - A Page 4 of 10

24. What technique would be BEST for discovering the structural details of a centrosome?

a. A pulse-chase experiment.
b. A FRAP experiment.
c. Immunofluorescence.
d. Electron microscopy.

25. Which statement CORRECTLY contrasts the behavior of microtubules in vitro and in vivo?

a. In vitro microtubules do not require GTP; in vivo GTP stabilizes the plus end of the tubule.
b. In vitro microtubule growth requires soluble tubulin; in vivo microtubule growth requires only GTP.
c. In vitro microtubules can grow at both ends; in vivo the microtubule minus end is stabilized by the Golgi
apparatus.
d. Dynamic instability is a property of microtubules in vitro; in vivo microtubules are rarely dynamic.

26. How do glycosaminoglycans function as space-filling molecules?

a. They attach to lipids and accumulate fat-soluble molecules for storage.

b. They form large rods made up of triple-helices that give the extracellular matrix rigidity.
c. They attract cations, which in turn draw a large amount of water into the extracellular matrix.
d. They form covalent cross-links that allow for a large meshwork to form in the extracellular matrix

27. Bone grafts are used to repair bone, and require a strong, rigid, cable-like material that resists pulling
forces. Which of the following is BEST used for this procedure?

a. Epithelial cells.
b. Collagen.
c. Proteoglycans.
d. Elastin.

28. Which of the following directly prevents glucose from diffusing between epithelial cells into the intestinal
lumen?

a. Adherens junctions.
b. Tight junctions.
c. Desmosomes.
d. Gap junctions.

29. Which of the following allows the passage of glucose across membranes only when the Ca2+ concentration
is low?

a. Adherens junctions.
b. Tight junctions.
c. Desmosomes.
d. Gap junctions.

EXAM FORM CODE - A Page 5 of 10

30. Which of the following BEST describes what occurs to an actin filament in a solution containing a high
concentration of ATP and a concentration of monomeric actin that is below the treadmilling concentration?

a. There will be a net addition of actin monomers to each end

b. There will be a net loss of actin monomers from both ends.
c. An ATP-bound actin monomer that is added at the plus end will eventually move towards the minus end
and then be lost as ADP-bound actin at the minus end.
d. There will be no change in the overall size of the filament.

31. In the sarcomere, the contractile apparatus of a muscle cell, _____________________________.

a. myosin heads organised in anti-parallel bundles move towards actin filament plus ends during
contraction.
b. myosin heads organised in anti-parallel bundles move towards actin filament minus ends during
contraction.
c. all myosin heads remain dissociated from actin during contraction.
d. GTP hydrolysis is required for contraction.

32. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. Hyaluronan is a proteoglycan.
b. All proteoglycans are glycoproteins.
c. Fibronectin dimers are held together by non-covalent bonds.
d. Elastin is glycosylated in the cytosol.

33. The basement membrane is organised by the interaction of __________________________________.

a. cytosolic claudin and transmembrane integrin.

b. transmembrane claudin with extracellular laminin.
c. transmembrane integrin with extracellular laminin.
d. extracellular integrin and collagen.

34. Which of the following structures assist cells in recognizing other cells of the same type?

a. Adherens junctions.
b. Tight junctions.
c. Desmosomes.
d. Hemidesmosomes.

35. Which of the following structures are involved in organizing the basal lamina?

a. Adherens junctions.
b. Tight junctions.
c. Desmosomes.
d. Hemidesmosomes.

EXAM FORM CODE - A Page 6 of 10

36. Which of the following will be more abundant on DNA during prophase than in G2?

a. Centrosomes.
b. Cohesin.
c. Condensin.
d. Centrioles.

37. Which of the following is directly required for animal cell cytokinesis?

a. Actin-myosin contraction.
b. Dynein-microtubule movement.
c. Kinesin-microtubule movement.
d. Depolymerization at the centrosome.

38. Nuclear envelope breakdown and reassembly requires _______________________________.

a. myosin ATPase activity.

b. lamin phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
c. centrosomes.
d. cohesin association at the centromere.

39. After the metaphase to anaphase transition in human cells _____________________________.

a. there will be 92 kinetochore-microtubule attachment points.

b. kinetochore microtubules stabilize.
c. nuclear envelope breakdown occurs and nuclear pore complexes disassemble.
d. centrosome duplication starts.

40. Cell division in plant cells _____________________________.

a. does not require nuclear envelope breakdown.

b. does not require microtubules.
c. does not require ATP.
d. does not require a cleavage furrow.

EXAM FORM CODE - A Page 7 of 10