Scribd
Upload
2 views

Knowing Computers1

The document provides an overview of computers, including their definition, types (micro, mini, mainframe, super), and components such as input/output devices, CPU, and memory. It explains the difference between data and information, the concept of computing, and the roles of hardware and software. Additionally, it highlights the importance of memory in computers and its types: primary and secondary memory.

Uploaded by

tsangchomal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Knowing Computers1

The document provides an overview of computers, including their definition, types (micro, mini, mainframe, super), and components such as input/output devices, CPU, and memory. It explains the difference between data and information, the concept of computing, and the roles of hardware and software. Additionally, it highlights the importance of memory in computers and its types: primary and secondary memory.

Uploaded by

tsangchomal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

COMPUTERS

IN SPORTS
Introduction
Components of Computer

Input/ Output Devices of Computers

Types of Computer
Contents Concept of Computing, Data and Information

Computer Memory

Concepts of Hardware and Software

Applications of Computers
Technology in Sports
What is a
computer??
• Computer is an
electronic device that
receives input, stores or
processes the input as
per user instructions and
provides output in
desired format.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Computers are of 4 types:
• Micro (Personal) Computers – these are based on single-chip
microprocessors. These include Desktops, Laptops, Notebooks,
Tablets, etc.
• Mini Computers – these are multi-user computers found in small
to medium –sized businesses, laboratories and embedded in
hospital scanners.
• Main frame Computers - these computers serve multiple users
as they are capable of handling and processing large amounts of
data quickly. They are used in large corporations, banks, etc.
• Super Computers – these computers perform intense numerical
calculations handling real time data such as weather forecasting
Data, Information and
computing
Computer input is called data. Data is a collection of
unorganized/ raw facts & figures and does not provide any
further information regarding patterns, context, etc. Hence
data means "unstructured facts and figures". It can be in the
form of text, number, image, audio, video, animation, etc.

The output obtained after processing (using arithmetic and


logical operations) it, based on user’s instructions is
called information. Information is a structured data i.e.
organized meaningful and processed data. To process the data
and convert into information, a computer is used.
Program
A set of instructions that
achieve a single outcome
are called program or
procedure.
Computing

• Computing is any goal-oriented activity


requiring, benefiting from, or
creating computers. It includes study
of algorithmic processes and
development of
both hardware and software. As a
discipline, computing integrates
scientific, engineering, mathematical
and social aspects and has become a
critical, integral component of
modern industrial technology.
• It involves describing and transforming
information.
Components
of Computer
Input devices
• They are used to input data and
instructions to the computer for
processing. Common Devices are
Other input devices

• Scanner
• Magnetic Ink Character Recognition(MICR)
• Optical Mark Reader(OMR)
• Joy Stick
• Touch Screen
• Light Pen
• Voice Input Device- Microphone
Central Processing Unit or
CPU
• Control unit, arithmetic logic unit and memory are
together called the central processing unit or CPU.
• Control Unit − this unit controls all the functions of the
computer. All devices or parts of computer interact
through the control unit. It extracts instructions, performs
execution, maintains and directs operations/ flow of data
of entire system.
• Arithmetic Logic Unit − This is the brain of the computer
where all arithmetic operations and logical operations/
processing take place.
• Memory − All input data, instructions and data interim to
the processes are stored in the memory.
Output
devices
• It is used to provide information
to the user in desired format.
Common Devices are:
• VDU – Visual Display Unit is a
computing device that allows for
input by a user and output to a
display, like a computer monitor.
• Printer: computing device that
gives output in hard copy i.e.
paper. The output can be stored
permanently for later use.
Concepts of
Hardware and
Software
• Computer devices like keyboard, mouse,
printer, etc that we can see and touch are
the hardware components of a computer.
• The hardware devices need user
instructions to function.
• The set of instructions or programs that
make the computer function using these
hardware parts are called software.
• Many programs functioning together to
perform a task make a software
• Memory is required in computers to
store data and instructions. The speed
with which these memory addresses can
be accessed determines the cost of the
Computer memory. Faster the memory speed,
memory higher the price.
• 1 Byte = 8 bits
• 1 word = 16 bits/ 2 bytes
• 1 KB (1kilobyte)= 1000 bytes
• 1 MB (1 megabyte )= 1000 KB
• 1 GB(1 gigabyte ) = 1000 MB
• 1 TB(1 terabyte) = 1000 GB
Memory is of two types:
Primary memory Secondary Memory
• fastest memory • Cheaper
• accessed directly by the processor as it • External to CPU
resides within the CPU • Non-volatile
• volatile, i.e. its contents are lost once • Permanent
power is switched off
• Temporary
Where is
computer
used ?

You might also like