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Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. Which of the following is of interest to those who study social cognition?

A. how people select social information
B. how people interpret social information
C. how people remember social information
D. All of these.
2. Professor Jenkins is interested in whether or not people respond differently to interview questions posed
by a single person versus a group of interviewers. His area of expertise lies in ________ psychology.
A. neurological
B. cognitive
C. social
D. behavioral
3. You have been asked to assist a defense attorney in planning a defendant's case. You insist that all of the
defense character witnesses be above average in looks. What is the most likely reason for your request?

A. Those who are below average in looks are considered to be easily manipulated.
B. Those who are below average in looks are considered unbelievable.
C. Those who are above average in looks are considered more likable.
D. Those who are above average in looks are considered to be well versed in the law.
4. Which of the following faces would be rated as most attractive?
A. a face in which the distinctive features of the face have been digitally enhanced
B. a face with an unusually small forehead and unusually large lips
C. a round face with unusually large eyes
D. a composite of multiple faces that have been digitally blended to produce an "average" face
5. Chuck just met Elle, a new Harvard law school student. Although Elle is very intelligent, she looks more
like a blonde beauty queen than a law school student. Chuck thinks that someone as beautiful as Elle is
much less likely to do well in school. Chuck's views about beautiful blondes are an example of a(n)
A. attribution.
B. stereotype.
C. negative illusion.
D. false consensus.
6. The fifth-grade teacher was surprised when her Japanese-American student, Hiroko, performed poorly in
math. The teacher's reaction was due to
A. polarization.
B. stereotyping.
C. self-serving bias.
D. deindividuation.
7. Mr. and Mrs. Lee warn their new babysitter, Alison, that their son, Dennis, is very aggressive and
mischievous. As a result, Alison starts calling the child "Dennis the Menace" and she behaves in ways
that elicit aggressive and mischievous behaviors from Dennis. This example best demonstrates the
phenomenon called
A. the self-fulfilling prophecy.
B. the self-serving bias.
C. the fundamental attribution error.
D. social conditioning.
8. It appears that many attractive people possess a number of positive characteristics. This is possibly due
to
A. the fundamental attribution error.
B. social conditioning.
C. the self-serving bias.
D. the self-fulfilling prophecy.
9. Billy's third grade teacher read in his file that he has a history of being a trouble maker. When Billy
accidently drops his pencil on the first day of school, his teacher immediately takes five minutes off his
recess time, which in turn causes Billy to talk back to her. She smiles at him and says, "I knew you were
going to be trouble!" What concept is being depicted in this scenario?
A. stereotype
B. social cognition
C. self-fulfilling prophecy
D. social bias
10. A study by Rosenthal and Jacobson found that children who were labeled as "late bloomers" at the start
of the school year showed larger IQ gains than other, non-labeled students, even though these particular
children were chosen randomly. The children's teachers were informed about these labels but the students
themselves were not. The results from this study are most relevant to which of the following?
A. dissonance theory
B. the mere exposure effect
C. self-fulfilling prophecy
D. self-serving bias
11. You believe that your roommate did not clean up the dirty dishes in the kitchen last night because he was
exhausted after an unusually busy day at work. You are making a(n) ________ attribution.
A. fundamental
B. external
C. stable
D. biased
12. Felicia tells her roommate that she failed the biology test because her professor made the test too difficult.
Felicia is depicting which dimension of attribution theory?
A. internal/external
B. stable/unstable
C. controllable/uncontrollable
D. positive/negative
13. Tommy just hit the game winning homerun for his team. He is most likely to attribute his success to
A. the coach.
B. the fans.
C. poor pitching by the other team.
D. himself.
14. Sheila is late for class. She is LEAST likely to attribute her tardiness to
A. a faulty alarm clock.
B. her lack of organizational skills.
C. the teacher starting class early.
D. her parents letting her sleep late.
15. Within the context of a person trying to explain why she did well on a psychology exam, an internal
attribution is to an external attribution as ________ is to ________.
A. hard work; intelligence
B. an easy test; luck
C. luck; hard work
D. intelligence; an easy test
16. Eric is normally very calm, but today he yelled at his roommate for not doing his laundry. We might
attribute Eric's yelling to ________ causes.
A. internal
B. stable
C. unstable
D. controllable
17. Greg is confident that although he did poorly on his first psychology exam, he will do much better on the
next one. Greg is depicting which dimension of attribution theory?
A. internal/external
B. stable/unstable
C. controllable/uncontrollable
D. positive/negative
18. Which of the following would be considered a stable cause of behavior?
A. A company lays off 10 employees because of economic downturn.
B. A woman, who loves children, breaks up with her boyfriend when she finds out he hates kids.
C. A college student is lonely during the first semester on campus.
D. A family is homeless after a tornado destroys their home.
19. Samantha studied all night for her history exam and was feeling very confident. However, during
the exam, the power went out in the classroom and the exam was rescheduled for a later date. Which
dimension of attribution theory came into play?
A. internal/external
B. stable/unstable
C. controllable/uncontrollable
D. positive/negative
20. You are watching golf and see Tiger Woods frown. You would be making the fundamental attribution
error if you assumed that he
A. just missed a putt.
B. has a volatile personality.
C. was thrown off by the flash of a camera.
D. thought it looked like it was going to rain.
21. Your new roommate leaves dirty laundry all over her room and you assume she must be a slob. You
ignore the fact that she is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week. You are
A. using social comparison.
B. making a fundamental attribution error.
C. using confirmation bias.
D. relying on an availability heuristic.
22. The light turns green and Kaylee is about to go. A man driving a red truck goes speeding through the red
light. Mentally, Kaylee calls him a jerk and thinks to herself that his license should be revoked. Kaylee
may be committing the ________ error.
A. risky shift
B. fundamental attribution
C. false consensus
D. conformity
23. You see a student stumble and drop her books in the hall. According to the fundamental attribution error,
how would you explain this student's behavior?
A. She must have tripped over something.
B. She is a clumsy person.
C. She had too many books to carry.
D. She was trying to get out of someone's way.
24. When Joey says something that is rude about another classmate and no one else around him says
anything, Joey believes that they all feel the same way. This would be an example of the ________
effect.
A. false consensus
B. bystander
C. group polarization
D. mere exposure
25. A very attractive female walks by Henry and his friends. His friends begin to whistle at her, but Henry
feels that the whistling is demeaning so he does nothing. Based on the false consensus effect, what will
Henry's friends think about his attitude toward the female?
A. Henry is not interested in the girl.
B. Henry did not find the girl attractive.
C. Henry was too shy to whistle.
D. Henry feels the same way they do.
26. Lucy has a very high opinion of herself. It is likely that she possesses
A. consensual validation.
B. positive illusions.
C. cognitive dissonance.
D. egoism.
27. Despite evidence to the contrary, Denise thinks she is smarter than most of the people in her class.
Denise's unfounded attitude about herself is an example of a
A. positive illusion.
B. altruism.
C. cognitive dissonance.
D. egoism.
28. When you do poorly on a test, you remind yourself of all the distractions you had at school that week.
You are displaying
A. the self-objectification effect.
B. self-serving bias.
C. confirmation bias.
D. the availability error.
29. In a recent softball game, Cindy misplayed a ground ball for an error. Later in the same game, she made
a great catch on a very difficult play. According to the self-serving bias, she would attribute her error to
________ and her good catch to ________.
A. bad fielding skills; luck
B. bad fielding skills; good fielding skills
C. a bad bounce; luck
D. a bad bounce; good fielding skills
30. If Cathy blames her poor performance on her history teacher because he made the test too hard, she is
engaging in
A. self-serving bias.
B. self-objectification.
C. positive illusions.
D. false consensus.
31. Mary and her roommate are at the mall shopping for bathing suits for their upcoming spring break trip to
the beach. Mary has an afternoon math test but feels she has plenty of time to find a bathing suit. By the
time she leaves the mall for her exam, Mary has tried on a dozen different swim suits. Based on principles
of social psychology, what can you predict about Mary's math test performance?
A. Mary's math test performance will be a function of how well she has studied.
B. Mary's math test performance will suffer because she spent too much time at the mall.
C. Mary's math test performance will suffer because of self-objectification.
D. Mary's math test performance will be enhanced because she was distracted for several hours.
32. Sally is very intelligent and has a great personality. However, she sees herself as unattractive and as a
result she is often depressed. Sally engages in
A. self-serving bias.
B. positive illusions.
C. self-defeating bias.
D. self-objectification.
33. Which of the following practices best reduces the effects of self-objectification?
A. not allowing students to wear certain name brand clothing
B. requiring students to wear school uniforms
C. allowing students to wear any clothing they like
D. not allowing students to wear make-up at school
34. According to research on stereotype threat, we should be especially concerned about standardized tests if
they
A. ask for race/ethnic information before the test starts.
B. include instructions that are long and complex.
C. are administered by men and women from different racial/ethnic backgrounds.
D. are claiming to be culturally/racially sensitive.
35. You are African American and your son, DeShawn, is in high school. DeShawn has been selected to
take a national math test that could result in a college scholarship. Knowing Steele's research findings on
stereotype threat, you hope that DeShawn is not asked to fill in any information regarding his race before
he takes the exam. Why?
A. It could affect how test administrators score the exam.
B. It could trigger stereotype threat in DeShawn.
C. It may affect which version of the test that DeShawn is given.
D. It could lead test administrators to change the testing conditions.
36. "Am I as popular as Cathy?" This question is an example of gaining self-knowledge through the process
of
A. peer-review.
B. effort justification.
C. reciprocity.
D. social comparison.
37. Enrique earned a C on his science quiz, but says to his mom, "At least I didn't make an F like Scotty did."
Enrique is making a(n) ________ social comparison.
A. upward
B. positive
C. downward
D. negative
38. Cecil has a positive attitude towards the Salvation Army. What will he do at holiday time when he walks
by one of their donation collectors?
A. He will hand the person all the change in his pocket.
B. He will walk past without donating.
C. He will tell the person that he already gave at another location.
D. It is not possible to predict his behavior based on his attitude alone.
39. Cognitive dissonance theory states that individuals
A. change attitudes in order to be more popular.
B. change behavior in order to be more popular.
C. do not perceive a discrepancy between attitudes and behavior.
D. try to make attitudes conform to behavior.
40. "Drinking may be harmful to my health, but I'll die having a good time." This statement illustrates an
attempt to reduce
A. the exposure effect.
B. cognitive dissonance.
C. self-objectification.
D. social contagion.
41. Hugh bought a new calculator at Staples for $125. One week later, he saw an ad from Wal-Mart showing
the same calculator on sale for $65. Hugh said to himself, "I'm glad I got my calculator at Staples; the
ones at Wal-Mart are probably defective. I don't mind having paid more for mine." Hugh's statement
reflects
A. cognitive dissonance reduction.
B. self-perception bias.
C. informational influence.
D. peripheral-route processing.
42. ________ theory contends that behaviors can influence attitudes.
A. Self-perception
B. Cognitive dissonance
C. Self-serving
D. Social comparison
43. Juanita has returned home after being away for several years. When she sees her father, whom she
thought she disliked, she hugs him and cries. Based on her reaction, she determines that she must like him
more than she thought. This is most consistent with the ________ theory of attitudes.
A. normal social influence
B. social learning
C. self-perception
D. social facilitation
44. According to the self-perception theory, if you are not sure how you feel about something, what should
you do?
A. compare yourself to others
B. look to your emotions
C. ask a friend
D. consider your behavior
45. Professor Green has to make a big presentation to the board members. He is struggling between choosing
a power point presentation or making a short video to get his point across. Which element of persuasion is
the professor struggling with?
A. communicator
B. audience
C. medium
D. message
46. Allison is at a workshop where a presenter is attempting to persuade people to make a rather risky but
potentially profitable financial investment. Alison finds this person's idea compelling and decides to
invest. This example best demonstrates the
A. peripheral route to persuasion.
B. cognitive dissonance theory.
C. central route to persuasion.
D. foot-in-the-door technique.
47. Ryan's dad is washing his car. Ryan wants to persuade his dad to let him go to the movies. Which route of
persuasion should Ryan attempt?
A. central
B. peripheral
C. adjacent
D. tangent
48. The advertising committee for a politician is going door to door and asking people to put a big ugly
election sign on their lawn. If people refuse, they ask them if they would consider putting a smaller sign
on the lawn. The committee is using
A. the foot-in-the-door strategy.
B. the door-in-the-face strategy.
C. the elaboration likelihood model.
D. the negative appeal approach.
49. A person on campus walks up to you and asks if you would be willing to wear a ribbon to show support
for her cause. Though the ribbon is a bit unattractive, it is small so you agree to wear it. After agreeing to
this request, the solicitor then asks you if you would be willing to make a donation of $15. This example
best demonstrates the persuasion technique called
A. targeting.
B. positive illusion.
C. social facilitation.
D. the foot-in-the-door.
50. ________ helps individuals to resist persuasion.
A. Conformity
B. Inoculation
C. Proximity
D. Groupthink
51. If you were to donate one of your kidneys to whoever might need it, you would be demonstrating a(n)
________ view of human nature.
A. economic
B. empathetic
C. altruistic
D. egoistic
52. The idea of "do onto others as you would have them do onto you" best describes
A. attribution.
B. reciprocity.
C. ethnocentrism.
D. conformity.
53. Caroline has volunteered to work with the underprivileged children who are participants in her professor's
literacy project. She is hoping that her professor will take this into consideration when calculating her
grade. Caroline is expecting
A. altruism.
B. reciprocity.
C. a social exchange.
D. inoculation.
54. If you were to send Christmas cards to everyone in your address book and you received Christmas cards
back from most of the recipients, your results would be consistent with the theory of
A. reciprocity.
B. egoism.
C. altruism.
D. ethnocentrism.
55. ________ is an important element of altruism.
A. Sympathy
B. Empathy
C. Selfishness
D. All of these.
56. Paula has just stumbled down the steps and twisted her ankle. Who is most likely to empathize with her?

A. Pete who is walking by and saw the whole event unfold

B. Leslie who once tripped on the same steps
C. Bailey who heard about the event from a friend
D. Erik who is a personal injury lawyer
57. Which of the following is an accurate description of egoism?
A. Egoism involves helping others so that they may help us one day.
B. Egoism involves helping another with no interest of gain.
C. Egoism involves helping another in order to appear powerful.
D. Both A and C are accurate.
58. Altruism is to ________ as egoism is to ________.
A. pro-social; social
B. reciprocity; antisocial
C. pro-social; reciprocity
D. antisocial; reciprocity
59. Which of the following statements best reflects Dale Miller's position on altruism?
A. People may be socialized to be altruistic but do not always follow through.
B. People are socialized to be altruistic and usually do help others.
C. People may be socialized to believe humans are selfish, but they really may not be.
D. People are socialized to believe humans are selfish, and they are.
60. The bystander effect occurs because
A. we tend to look to the behavior of others for cues about what to do.
B. if no one else is helping, we assume help is not needed.
C. responsibility is diffused among witnesses.
D. All of these.
61. Which of the following behaviors is an example of aggression?
A. Billy kicks Shana in the shin.
B. Sally accidently hits Franco when she raises her hand.
C. Hillary calls Minnie a bad name.
D. Both A and C are examples of aggression.
62. If someone is very aggressive, their ________ levels may be low.
A. dopamine
B. serotonin
C. norepinephrine
D. testosterone
63. Research findings indicate that frustration
A. always leads to some form of aggression.
B. can lead to aggression or passivity.
C. usually leads to obedience.
D. usually leads to egoism.
64. When compared with adolescents who do not play violent video games, adolescents who do play these
games are
A. more likely to engage in delinquent acts.
B. more sensitive to real-life violence.
C. less likely to engage in aggressive behaviors.
D. more likely to be sensitive to the feelings of others.
65. While they are sitting eating their lunch, several of Sheldon's friends suggest that the new girl in class is
very pretty. Sheldon does not think that she is pretty. He will probably
A. tell his friends that he did not get a good look at her.
B. disagree with his friends and say she is not very attractive.
C. agree with his friends and say she is very attractive.
D. ignore his friends' comments.
66. In Solomon Asch's study on conformity, approximately what percentage of participants conformed to the
group's pressure?
A. all of the participants
B. none of the participants
C. about 35% of the participants
D. about 90% of the participants
67. Joyce has the potential to be an honor student. However, she frustrates her teachers because of her
actions. Rather than work to succeed, she tends to "dummy down" to act more like the students that she
hangs out with. She sometimes answers questions incorrectly just to be more like her friends. Which of
the following perspectives would explain this?
A. informational social influence
B. cognitive social influence
C. defense mechanisms
D. normative social influence
68. Conformity is to obedience as
A. Milgram is to Sherif.
B. Asch is to Milgram.
C. Zajonc is to Milgram.
D. Milgram is Zajonc.
69. June is usually a very quiet individual, but she recently discovered a different side of herself. She was at
the Mardi Gras and found herself swept up in the festivities, doing the things that the other party revelers
were doing. These were not behaviors that she would have ever considered doing on her own. Social
psychologists would most likely attribute June's behavior to
A. group polarization.
B. social loafing.
C. deindividuation.
D. bystander effect.
70. Several members of the women's softball team have developed bulimia. This may be the result of
A. groupthink.
B. social contagion.
C. deindividuation.
D. social loafing.
71. Pierre is an expert marksman while Juri is a novice marksman. How will having to perform in front of
hundreds of spectators affect their shooting accuracy?
A. Pierre's performance will be enhanced while Juri's performance will suffer.
B. Juri's performance will be enhanced because he has nothing to lose.
C. The performance of both men will probably suffer.
D. The performance of both men will likely be unaffected by the spectators.
72. Norman Triplett accurately predicted that bicycle-racing times would be faster when individuals raced in
groups. This effect is currently explained by the modern construct of
A. the primacy effect.
B. cognitive dissonance.
C. group polarization.
D. social facilitation.
73. Six people are competing in a tug-of-war competition. First they compete as individuals and then they
compete as a team. When competing as a team, their combined effort level is likely to be
A. significantly more than the sum of their individual efforts.
B. slightly more than the sum of their individual efforts.
C. equal to the sum of their individual efforts.
D. less than the sum of their individual efforts.
74. Dr. McCall found that class projects were of poorer quality when students worked in groups compared to
when each student did an individual project. This difference can be explained by the phenomenon of
A. inoculation.
B. social loafing.
C. mere exposure effect.
D. polarization.
75. The term "risky shift" is used to describe the tendency to
A. make big decisions quickly.
B. make riskier decisions when you are younger.
C. endorse more conservative decisions when they are related to your work environment.
D. endorse riskier decisions when it is a group rather than a personal decision.
76. Katie, who is moderately liberal, attends a very liberal college. After four years at this college, Katie is
likely to
A. become more politically conservative as a result of the boomerang effect.
B. hold moderately liberal values as a result of social learning.
C. become more liberal as a result of group polarization.
D. become indifferent to social causes as a result of diffusion of responsibility.
77. A group of public officials is meeting to decide what to do about a budget shortage. According to the
principle of group polarization, this group is most likely to reach a highly conservative decision because
the group
A. is composed of no more than five individuals.
B. believes that their individual performance is being monitored.
C. members are generally conservative to begin with.
D. has a conservative authority figure who is perceived to be legitimate.
78. Michael is the new department head. He expects everyone to "get on board" with his restructuring of the
department, and he publicly reprimands anyone who disagrees with his new policies. On the other hand,
Michael praises department members for unanimity, cohesiveness, and harmony. Michael is creating an
atmosphere most conducive to
A. collectivism.
B. groupthink.
C. social altruism.
D. stereotype threat.
79. After a rather lengthy trial, jurors deliberate about the defendant's guilt or innocence. The first several
people talk vehemently about his guilt. Although several people have doubts, they do not express them
because they do not want to get in the way of the group process. The defendant is quickly found guilty.
What has just happened?
A. social facilitation
B. groupthink
C. obedience
D. risky shift
80. Studies of group interactions and decision making support which of the following statements?
A. Pressuring groups to reach unanimous decisions is simply a waste of time and causes animosity among
the group members.
B. Pressuring groups to reach unanimous decisions does not usually produce changes in opinion.
C. Groups would more carefully consider the evidence if they did not need to come to a unanimous
decision.
D. Minority opinions cannot exert normative pressure, but often can change people's minds via
informational pressure.
81. Which of the following theories explains why we like to think of our group as the in-group?
A. cognitive dissonance theory
B. social identity theory
C. social exchange theory
D. self-perception theory
82. Rod and Deandra are intense supporters of their favorite football team, the Dallas Cowboys. Their self-
esteem is strongly affected by the performance of the Cowboys. Which theory would best explain this
effect?
A. social identity theory
B. realistic conflict theory
C. social exchange theory
D. self-perception theory
83. In a study based on Tajfel's theory of social identity, Cathy is randomly assigned as a member of Group
A and Sara is randomly assigned as a member of Group B. When asked to award money to other study
participants, both Cathy and Tracey awarded money only to members of their own respective group. This
behavior is predicted by Tajfel's theory and is an example of
A. in-group favoritism.
B. ethnocentrism.
C. cultural bias.
D. groupthink.
84. Thinking that ethnic out-groups are not only different but are worse than your group is called
A. the social identity hypothesis.
B. ethnocentrism.
C. deindividuation.
D. normative social influence.
85. Ethnocentrism involves
A. asserting your group's dominance.
B. accepting all ethnicities.
C. believing your group is superior.
D. Both A and C are correct.
86. While participating in a research study on racism, Kareem had to complete the IAT. What was he asked
to do during this test?
A. share his opinions verbally with other test takers
B. write an essay on his experiences with explicit prejudice
C. associate a Black or White person with good or bad things
D. describe what he would do in different cultural scenarios
87. Jia, a Chinese American, was mugged by a White American. All of the suspects in the police line-up are
White so she finds it very difficult to identify the man who attacked her. According to research,
A. people of different racial groups tend to view members of other groups as looking all the same.
B. it is usually White people who have difficulty distinguishing between people of different races.
C. females typically experience this problem more than males, regardless of their racial group
membership.
D. Both A and C are correct.
88. Prejudice is to ________ as attitude is to behavior.
A. race
B. discrimination
C. culture
D. egoism
89. In a recent study, researchers sent 5,000 fictitious resumes to companies advertising in Chicago and
Boston. Applicants with "black-sounding" names were 50% less likely to be called for an interview than
those with "white-sounding" names. This unfair treatment based on the group to which someone belongs
(or seems to belong) is called
A. prejudice.
B. egoism.
C. inoculation.
D. discrimination.
90. Which of the following is NOT a reason why people develop prejudice?
A. competition between groups
B. cultural learning
C. limits on our information-processing abilities
D. in-born tendencies
91. According to Allport, which of the following is NOT conducive to reducing prejudice during intergroup
contact?
A. equal status of all members
B. tasks that encourage competition
C. the feeling that an authority figure sanctions their positive relationships
D. the belief that friendships might emerge from the interaction
92. The Sherif's Robbers Cave Study provided an excellent example of the power of
A. the mere exposure effect.
B. effort justification.
C. the investment model.
D. task-oriented cooperation.
93. In order to improve interactions among students from different ethnic backgrounds, a teacher would be
best advised to use
A. a reward structure based on race.
B. competition among students.
C. group polarization.
D. the jigsaw classroom.
94. Susan drives by a particularly unusual apartment building each day on her way to and from work.
Initially, she does not think much of the structure and actually has a mild dislike for it. However, after
several months of commuting, she starts to like the apartment building and is even considering trying to
rent an apartment there. This change in Susan's feelings about the building best demonstrates
A. the social comparison effect.
B. social exchange theory.
C. the mere exposure effect.
D. informational social influence.
95. ________ explains why people are attracted to others who are similar to them.
A. Affectionate love
B. Consensual validation
C. Social comparison
D. Social exchange theory
96. Ulanda finds herself attracted to Tim who is in the chess club with her. This is an example of
A. affectionate love.
B. social loafing.
C. consensual validation.
D. social exchange theory.
97. Affectionate love is also called ________ love.
A. passionate
B. lasting
C. companionate
D. romantic
98. According to the ________, the success of a relationship is a function of how you feel about the equity in
the relationship.
A. social identity theory
B. social exchange theory
C. investment model
D. evolutionary approach
99. Which of the following proposes that relationships are likely to continue as long as there are not tempting
alternative options?
A. social identity theory
B. social exchange theory
C. investment model
D. evolutionary approach
100.Which of the following statements is TRUE in regards to health?
A. Smoking is the most important variable in predicting health.
B. Loneliness can lead to early death.
C. Widows live longer than married women.
D. Less diverse social networks are advantageous in later life.
101.Briefly describe a situation you have been in where the fundamental attribution error has been evident.
What did this mean for you? What did this mean for others?

102.Define and give an example of Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. What can be done to resolve the
state of dissonance?
103.Define and provide an example of persuasion using the central and the peripheral route.

104.Discuss the relationship between gender and altruism.

105.Discuss conformity in terms of informational social influence and normative social influence.

106.Describe why Sean will benefit from having friends around while he is giving a class presentation, but
not while he is doing his calculus homework.

107.Your girlfriend, who had somewhat mixed feelings concerning abortion, just attended a rally supported
by an anti-abortion group. Since the rally, she now says that under no circumstances would she even
consider having an abortion. Describe what has occurred.

108.Certain behavior patterns are unique to group behavior. Describe at least two social psychological effects
that can be observed in groups.
109.In American society, it is socially unacceptable to admit to racial prejudice. Identify and describe a test
that might allow social scientists to find out if this trend is due to a real change in social consciousness or
is merely a form of expected social correctness?

110.Describe the main difference between prejudice and discrimination.

111.An internal, unstable cause of behavior, such as effort, is usually thought of as controllable.
True False
112.Effort justification is one type of dissonance reduction.
True False
113.Egoism refers to helping another person because it directly or indirectly benefits the helper.
True False
114.Sympathy is a person's feelings of oneness with the emotional state of another.
True False
115.The bystander effect refers to the inability of witnesses to recall the circumstances of an accident or
crime.
True False
116.Children who play violent video games are no more likely to engage in delinquent acts than their non-
playing peers.
True False
117.Feeling a reduction of one's personal identity amidst a group is referred to as social contagion.
True False
118.Social contagion occurs when someone coughs in a crowded room and then several other people cough as
well.
True False
119.Social loafing is more likely to occur in larger groups rather than smaller groups.
True False
120.When two groups of people who hold widely different views engage in dialogues with each other, it
results in more moderate perspectives by both groups.
True False
121.Groupthink tends to lead to better decisions because of pooled resources and more information.
True False
122.The tendency to favor one's own group over other groups is called prejudice.
True False
123.In a jigsaw classroom, educators overlook the ethnic/racial composition of their classes.
True False
124.In general, we are more attracted to people who are the opposite of us.
True False
125.Widows have a tendency to live longer than married women.
True False
 ch13 Key
1. D

2. C

3. C

4. D

5. B

6. B

7. A

8. D

9. C

10. C

11. B

12. A

13. D

14. B

15. D

16. C

17. B

18. B

19. C

20. B

21. A

22. B

23. B

24. A

25. D

26. B

27. A

28. B

29. D

30. A

31. C

32. D

33. B

34. A

35. A

36. D
37. C

38. D

39. D

40. B

41. A

42. A

43. C

44. D

45. C

46. C

47. B

48. B

49. D

50. B

51. C

52. B

53. B

54. A

55. B

56. B

57. D

58. C

59. C

60. D

61. D

62. B

63. B

64. A

65. C

66. C

67. D

68. B

69. C

70. B

71. A

72. D

73. D

74. B
75. D

76. C

77. C

78. B

79. B

80. D

81. B

82. A

83. A

84. B

85. D

86. C

87. A

88. B

89. B

90. D

91. B

92. D

93. D

94. C

95. B

96. C

97. C

98. B

99. C

100. B

101. The fundamental attribution error means that people overestimate the importance of traits and underestimate the importance of situations
when they explain the behavior of others.

102. Cognitive dissonance occurs when there is an inconsistency between one's attitudes and one's behavior. In order to resolve the dissonance, the
inconsistency has to be resolved. This can be done by changing either one's attitudes or one's behavior.

103. The central route to persuasion works by engaging someone thoughtfully with a sound, logical argument. The peripheral route involves non-
message factors such as the source's credibility and attractiveness or emotional appeals. The peripheral route is effective when people are not
paying close attention or do not have the time or energy to think about what the communicator is saying (e.g., television advertisers).

104. Researchers have found that women are more likely than men to help when the context involves nurturing. Men are more likely to help in
situations in which a perceived danger is present.

105. Informational social influence refers to the influences other people have on us because we want to be right. We are more likely to conform if
we have confidence in our own judgment and we perceive the group to be well informed. Normative social influence refers to the influence others
have on us because we want them to like us. We might conform to be accepted into a desirable group.

106. The concept of social facilitation suggests that for simple or over-learned tasks the presence of others is beneficial, but for more cognitively
challenging tasks, working alone is better.

107. After listening and hearing supporters and detractors discuss abortion, your girlfriend fell victim to group polarization, causing her attitude to
shift strongly in one direction.
108. Possible options include - social loafing occurs when people in a group work less hard than they would individually; risky shift involves
group decisions being riskier than individual decisions; groupthink occurs when group members, or group leaders, emphasize unanimity and
harmony over critical thinking.

109. The Implicit Associations Test is used to detect racism at the covert rather than explicit level. The test is designed to detect biases that make it
easier to associate some social stimuli with positive rather than negative items. The test measures implicit forms of prejudice related to nonverbal
aspects of interracial interactions.

110. Prejudice is having negative attitudes and feelings towards a person or group of people, while discrimination is taking those negative attitudes
and behaving badly toward someone or a group.

111. TRUE

112. TRUE

113. TRUE

114. FALSE

115. FALSE

116. FALSE

117. FALSE

118. TRUE

119. TRUE

120. FALSE

121. FALSE

122. FALSE

123. FALSE

124. FALSE

125. FALSE
 ch13 Summary
Category # of Questions
APA Learning Outcome: 1.2 125
Blooms Level: Analysis 3
Blooms Level: Application 57
Blooms Level: Comprehension 16
Blooms Level: Knowledge 46
Blooms Level: Knowledge and Application 1
Blooms Level: Synthesis 2
Difficulty: Application 1
Difficulty: High 39
Difficulty: Low 20
Difficulty: Medium 65
King - Chapter 13 125
Topic: Aggression 3
Topic: Aggression (Critical Controversy) 2
Topic: Altruism 14
Topic: Attitudes 16
Topic: Attraction 4
Topic: Attribution 17
Topic: Conformity and Obedience 5
Topic: Group Identity: Us Versus Them 5
Topic: Group Influence 20
Topic: Love 1
Topic: Models of Close Relationships 2
Topic: Person Perception 8
Topic: Prejudice 8
Topic: Social Cognition 2
Topic: Social Psychology and Health and Wellness 2
Topic: The Self as a Social Object 12
Topic: Ways to Improve Intergroup Relations 4