ch16

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. Bonnie was just diagnosed with depression. Her doctor prescribes the drug ________ which is the most
effective drug on the market today.
A. Prozac
B. Flavil
C. Remeron
D. Paxil
2. The group of drugs known as SSRIs work primarily by interfering with the reabsorption of ________ in
the brain.
A. monoamine
B. dopamine
C. norepinephrine
D. serotonin
3. The widespread increase in the number of individuals taking SSRIs to combat their depression is
primarily due to the
A. reduction in side effects as compared to other antidepressants.
B. lack of withdrawal symptoms when coming off these drugs.
C. over diagnosis of depression among young people.
D. reduced costs of these drugs.
4. Elizabeth visited a psychiatrist who, after interviewing her, recommended either Paxil or Prozac. These
are generally used to treat
A. anxiety.
B. depression.
C. bipolar disorder.
D. psychosis.
5. Lithium is considered an effective ________ drug.
A. antipsychotic
B. antianxiety
C. antidepressant
D. mood-stabilizing
6. Mike takes lithium to regulate his mood. This drug is used to treat
A. panic attack disorder.
B. bipolar disorder.
C. schizophrenia.
D. major depression.
7. Lithium is to ________ as clozapine is to ________.
A. alcoholism; Alzheimer's disease
B. anxiety disorder; mania
C. mood swings; sexual dysfunction
D. bipolar disorder; schizophrenia
8. Chaz has been on antipsychotic medication for several weeks now. When he returns home, he will likely
have difficulty
A. coping with the demands of society.
B. dealing with side effects from the medication.
C. staying on his medication.
D. All of these.
9. Psychotherapeutic drugs are primarily used to treat
A. anxiety disorders.
B. mood disorders.
C. schizophrenia.
D. All of these.
10. Ivan is very depressed and the danger of suicide is imminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally
employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in rapidly
reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior?
A. psychoanalysis
B. electroconvulsive therapy
C. cognitive-behavioral therapy
D. rational-emotive therapy
11. Sharon is seeing a new doctor after many different medications have failed to help with her condition.
This doctor tells her that many well-designed studies suggest that electroconvulsive therapy is effective in
the treatment of
A. epilepsy.
B. panic attack disorder.
C. schizophrenia.
D. depression.
12. Who may benefit the most from electroconvulsive therapy?
A. Alan who has OCD
B. Frederic who has generalized anxiety disorder
C. Brad who is contemplating suicide
D. Byron who suffers from panic attacks
13. Which of the following is the LEAST used biomedical intervention?
A. transcranial magnetic stimulation
B. deep brain stimulation
C. psychosurgery
D. drug therapy
14. Which of the following is the BEST example of psychotherapy?
A. You are given a prescription of Prozac to address your depression.
B. You receive electroconvulsive therapy to lift your depression.
C. You share all your concerns and worries with a trusted friend.
D. You say aloud to a therapist everything that comes to mind.
15. Which of the following is a mental health professional?
A. social worker
B. school psychologist
C. occupational therapist
D. All of these.
16. From Freud's psychodynamic perspective, what is the best way to gain insight into a person's core
problems?
A. reinforce the client for ignoring neurotic thoughts
B. bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
C. have the client transfer fears and anxieties to the therapist
D. help the client to repress unpleasant memories more effectively
17. Psychodynamic therapies stress all of the following EXCEPT
A. the unconscious mind.
B. rational-emotive behavior.
C. early childhood experiences.
D. interpretation by a therapist.
18. "My client must confront the conflicts which are left over from childhood and gain release from this
burdening anxiety." This statement would likely be made by a psychologist who practices ________
therapy.
A. psychodynamic
B. cognitive
C. behavioral
D. humanistic
19. "Abnormal behavior is the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts." This statement would likely be
made by a psychologist who practices ________ therapy.
A. psychodynamic
B. humanistic
C. social learning
D. biological
20. The main goal of psychoanalysis is to
A. persuade clients to abandon their irrational, anxiety-inducing beliefs.
B. provide clients with insight into their unconscious conflicts.
C. train clients to avoid maladaptive patterns of behavior.
D. demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward the client.
21. According to the psychoanalytic approach to psychotherapy, which of the following is an essential part of
the job of a psychotherapist?
A. point out inconsistencies in the client's thoughts and behaviors
B. encourage the client to transfer negative feelings to the therapist
C. free the client from conscious influences
D. interpret the disguised revelations of the unconscious mind
22. Psychoanalysts attempt to eliminate self-defeating behaviors by
A. convincing the client of the inappropriateness of the behaviors.
B. paraphrasing the client's statements and asking for clarification.
C. training the client in social skills.
D. bringing unconscious material to consciousness.
23. According to Freud, getting people to talk freely
A. exhausts them.
B. causes them to lose focus.
C. allows their deepest thoughts to emerge.
D. masks their unconscious conflicts.
24. Your psychotherapist asks you to use free association. You are being asked to
A. concentrate on relaxing as your therapist presents you with anxiety-provoking stimuli.
B. completely empty your mind of all thoughts.
C. just talk in an undirected manner without reflecting on what you are about to say.
D. recall everything you can about traumatic childhood events.
25. Catharsis is a term used to describe
A. a client's resistance to the therapist's suggestions.
B. a client's transfer of parental conflicts onto the therapist.
C. a release of emotional tension.
D. the process of redirecting unacceptable motives into a socially acceptable form.
26. After several months in psychoanalysis, Ryan had an emotional outburst during which he cried and
sobbed as he talked about a childhood experience. Freud termed this emotional release
A. transference.
B. catharsis.
C. regression.
D. reflection.
27. The therapist is constantly looking for the hidden meanings behind Holly's statements. In terms of
psychoanalysis, what is the therapist trying to do?
A. use free association
B. provide transference
C. provide an interpretation
D. reduce Holly's resistance
28. Freud argued that the true meaning of dream symbols was
A. sexual in nature.
B. culturally dependant.
C. universal.
D. dependent on the individual dreamer.
29. James dreamed that he went to his neighbor's house at midnight and made himself a sandwich. His
psychoanalyst interpreted the dream to mean that James really wanted to go to bed with his neighbor's
wife. Making the sandwich was the ________ content of the dream.
A. symbolic
B. manifest
C. latent
D. explicit
30. According to Freudian dream interpretation, the obvious content of a person's dream hides the ________
content.
A. hidden
B. subliminal
C. latent
D. manifest
31. In psychoanalytic theory, transference is used to describe
A. the gradual shifting of erogenous desires from the mouth to the genitals.
B. how the client comes to relate to the therapist in ways that resemble his or her other relationships.
C. efforts to redirect anxiety-provoking desires into socially acceptable actions.
D. the cathartic release of painful memories from unconscious awareness.
32. Transference is useful in the therapeutic situation because it
A. provides an opportunity to re-create difficult relationships.
B. redirects anxiety.
C. stimulates the release of powerful emotion.
D. stimulates resistance.
33. Sherice started seeing a psychotherapist because of marital problems. She is unhappy because she feels
her husband does not give her enough attention. After several sessions, she is quite taken with her male
therapist because he gives her undivided attention. This growing affection for her therapist is called
A. resistance.
B. latency.
C. reflection.
D. transference.
34. Since his father left, Joel has been treating his older brother more like a father. In terms of
psychoanalysis, what may be occurring?
A. free association
B. transference
C. resistance
D. interpretation
35. When resistance occurs in therapy, what event is taking place?
A. The client refuses to acknowledge therapeutic progress.
B. The therapist is actively resisting the client's need to control the direction of the therapy.
C. The client is using unconscious defense strategies that prevent progress.
D. The client refuses to end therapy even though his or her problems have been resolved.
36. Which of the following BEST describes the psychoanalytic notion of resistance?
A. avoidance
B. catharsis
C. lack of motivation
D. emotional strength
37. Dr. Judd is a psychodynamic therapist who is working with Tyler. Tyler suffers from extreme mood
instability and anxiety. When asked to talk about his problems, Tyler refuses and quickly changes the
subject. Dr. Judd would probably say that Tyler's behavior is an example of
A. resistance.
B. transference.
C. blocked associations.
D. catharsis.
38. During her last session with her psychoanalyst, Fran was asked about an uncle who visited one summer.
Subsequently, Fran has missed her last two sessions. Fran is exhibiting
A. free association.
B. interpretation.
C. transference.
D. resistance.
39. Dr. Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis. She focuses on
A. prescribing medication that will reduce clients' anxiety.
B. teaching clients to replace their fears systematically with more relaxed responses.
C. giving the client the opportunity to experience emotions to their fullest in the "here and now".
D. using free association and dream interpretation.
40. Which of the following is NOT one of the methods used in traditional psychoanalysis?
A. analysis of transference
B. free association
C. dream analysis
D. reflective listening
41. When compared to psychoanalysts from the past, contemporary psychoanalysts place less emphasis
on
A. conscious thoughts.
B. current relationships.
C. sex.
D. early childhood experiences.
42. If you wanted to mimic the humanistic approach to therapy, you would talk to
A. a parent.
B. a friend.
C. a sibling.
D. yourself.
43. Mary has been working with a therapist because she has felt very confused and unsure about herself
for the past few years. Mary's therapist tends to be very non-directive and devotes a great deal of the
session to allowing Mary to explore her identity, wants, and dreams for the future. The therapist rarely
gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Mary clarify her own ideas and feelings.
Mary's therapist is most likely associated with the ________ perspective of psychotherapy.
A. cognitive
B. behavioral
C. humanistic
D. psychoanalytic
44. You are a humanistic therapist. A potential client is unfamiliar with your school of therapy and asks you
to sum it up for him. You tell him the primary tenet of humanistic therapy is that
A. individuals possess self-healing capacities.
B. irrational thought results in negative consequences.
C. the unconscious mind can affect conscious behavior.
D. individuals can unlearn abnormal behavior in the course of therapy.
45. Dr. Patterson engages in reflective listening with her depressed client. She waits for him to express
his feelings and for him to decide what he wants to do about his problems. Dr. Patterson is practicing
________ psychotherapy.
A. client-centered
B. cognitive-behavioral
C. interpersonal
D. gestalt
46. Josie went to a psychoanalyst but found his style too cold and uninvolved. She wanted a therapist with
whom she could have more of a relationship. She switched to a Rogerian therapist. The therapeutic
setting is now one of
A. arousal and challenge.
B. structure and desensitization.
C. warmth and acceptance.
D. analysis and interpretation.
47. "I have never been a good problem solver. I am not direct enough to be successful," the client
complains. "You do not see yourself as a direct problem solver?" responds the therapist. This
conversation is typical of ________ therapy.
A. dialectical
B. rational-emotive
C. biological
D. client-centered
48. Which of the following is NOT an element recognized by Rogers as one that is essential for human
growth?
A. unconditional positive regard
B. intelligence
C. empathy
D. genuineness
49. Which of the following persons is engaging in reflective speech?
A. Mary - after listening to Joel describe his anxiety, she tells him not to worry
B Tabitha - after listening to Gus talk about his frustration with his boss, she tells him that it sounds like
. he is facing obstacles at work.
C. Horace - after listening to his mother complain about a rude customer at work, he tells her to quit her
job.
D. All of these.
50. Alice is trying to decide on a type of therapy. Her counselor recommends that she choose between
Kohut's contemporary psychodynamic therapy and humanistic psychotherapy. Which of the following
statements best describes how these two types of therapies are most similar?
A. A healthy relationship with the therapist replaces the patient's unhealthy childhood relationships.
B. Therapeutic sessions focus on the past rather than the present.
C. Empathy and understanding play a key role in therapeutic interactions.
D. Repressed sexual motives are uncovered in order to determine the extent of emotional disturbance.
51. Which of the following is considered an insight therapy?
A. classical conditioning
B. client-centered approach
C. applied behavioral analysis
D. Both B and C.
52. Two key assumptions of the ________ approach to therapy are that psychological disorders are learned
in exactly the same way as normal behaviors are and that they can be treated by applying the basic
principles of learning.
A. biological
B. interpersonal
C. humanistic
D. behavioral
53. Which of the following questions is a behavioral therapist more likely to ask than a psychoanalyst?
A. How is your relationship with your mother?
B. Why won't you talk about your father?
C. What did you dream about last night?
D. How much did your anxiety subside after you washed your hands?
54. "First, I would like you to get in a comfortable position and begin the breathing techniques which we
have been practicing. When you sense that you have arrived at complete relaxation, we will proceed."
This therapist is initiating
A. operant conditioning.
B. systematic desensitization.
C. aversion therapy.
D. contingency training.
55. Which of the following is part of the process of systematic desensitization?
A. hypnosis
B. rational arguing
C. relaxation exercises
D. flooding
56. The first step in systematic desensitization is
A. presenting the CS.
B. finding the right dosage of medication.
C. the analysis of behavior.
D. discussing aspects of the feared situation that are most frightening.
57. The second step in systematic desensitization is
A. putting the list of fears in order of severity.
B. hypnosis.
C. extinction.
D. muscle relaxation.
58. Frank has been seeing a therapist about his spider phobia. The therapist first asked Frank to describe
what it is about spiders that frightens him and these fears were then put in order from least to most
frightening. The therapist then taught Frank muscle relaxation, and finally Frank was exposed to a series
of increasingly fearful stimuli. Frank has been seeing a therapist who uses
A. exposure therapy.
B. systematic desensitization.
C. aversion therapy.
D. social skills training.
59. Jan is afraid of crowds. If her therapist uses the flooding technique, which of the following will Jan most
likely be asked to do?
A. imagine being in a crowded elevator
B. expose her fear during group therapy
C. attend a sold-out rock concert with no way home until after the concert
D. learn how to relax
60. Ann has a spider phobia. During her first therapy session, her therapist plans to expose Ann to live
spiders for the whole 50-minute session. Her therapist is going to use the technique called
A. extinction.
B. transference.
C. flooding.
D. systematic desensitization.
61. Who is being treated with the flooding technique?
A. Barbara is being asked about her past.
B. Chris is being shown increasingly scary pictures of sharks.
C. Dan is being forced to touch a live snake.
D. Sam is being asked if spiders are scary.
62. If a therapist gives Henry, who is suffering from alcoholism, a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so
that he will become ill after drinking the alcohol, the therapist is using
A. systematic desensitization.
B. aversive conditioning.
C. flooding.
D. implosion therapy.
63. As part of a smoking cessation program, Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then
is asked to smoke a cigarette. Even though he knows he is receiving the drug, it is hoped that Paul will
associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less. This example best demonstrates
the procedures typically used in
A. aversion therapy.
B. behavior modification.
C. exposure therapy.
D. systematic desensitization.
64. All of the following are examples of therapy procedures derived directly from the principles of classical
conditioning EXCEPT
A. exposure therapies.
B. token economies.
C. systematic desensitization.
D. aversion therapy.
65. The therapy that is based on the assumption that abnormal behavior is due to self-defeating and irrational
beliefs is
A. humanistic psychotherapy.
B. cognitive therapy.
C. operant conditioning.
D. psychoanalysis.
66. A cognitive therapist helps a client who suffers from a major depressive disorder by
A. using systematic desensitization to replace the depression with relaxation.
B. getting the client to recognize and identify irrational and self-defeating beliefs.
C. analyzing unconscious conflicts from the client's past.
D. engaging the client in a dialogue about negative childhood experiences.
67. Pete's therapist says, "Don't say you will never fall in love again, say it will be difficult to learn to trust
someone again." The therapist is utilizing ________ in his efforts to help Pete.
A. flooding
B. cognitive restructuring
C. systematic desensitization
D. introspection
68. Someone who uses cognitive restructuring believes that ________ are the causes of abnormal
behavior.
A. unpleasant events
B. irrational beliefs
C. chemical imbalances
D. childhood experiences
69. Which of these individuals would be a candidate for cognitive restructuring?
A. Abby says she cannot participate in cheerleading unless she gets her grades up.
B. Nelson says he will never fall in love again after his girlfriend broke up with him.
C. Cliff says if he fails one more test in Algebra he will fail the class.
D. Jennifer says she is not going to eat fast food anymore after getting food poisoning.
70. ________ is an example of a cognitive therapy.
A. Client-centered therapy
B. Flooding
C. Psychoanalysis
D. Rational-emotive therapy
71. Judy thinks she is depressed because of her teacher's criticism of her term paper. Judy's therapist explains
to her that Judy's own irrational belief--that the criticism means she is stupid--is really why she is
depressed. Judy is likely to be seeing a therapist who is providing ________ therapy.
A. behavioral
B. rational-emotive
C. client-centered
D. psychoanalytic
72. A therapist challenges her client during a therapy session by saying, "So what if your fiancée left you and
married your roommate instead? Why does that mean that you are not a good person?" The therapist is
working from which perspective?
A. behavioral
B. psychodynamic
C. rational-emotive
D. biological
73. Dr. Tetris is a rational-emotive therapist speaking to a group of introductory psychology students. Which
of the following would likely be his summary statement?
A. "Children must be reared with appropriate high quality role models."
B. "Behavior that is normal in one society may be deviant in others."
C. "You must get in touch with your own feelings!"
D. "Our unrealistic beliefs cause many emotional problems."
74. According to Ellis, which of the following is NOT an element of "musterbating"?
A. must perform well to win the approval of others
B. must earn enough money to feel self-sufficient
C. other people must treat one fairly and kindly
D. life must not be frustrating
75. Beck's cognitive therapy focuses on
A. eliminating illogical and self-defeating thoughts.
B. transference and resistance.
C. positive and negative reinforcement.
D. the relationship between therapist and client.
76. Luanne is being treated for depression after a breakup with her boyfriend. Her therapist points out that
her thoughts, and not the situation itself, is causing her to be depressed. This information suggests that
Luanne's therapist practices ________ therapy.
A. Freud's psychodynamic
B. Skinner's behavioral
C. Rogers' client-centered
D. Beck's cognitive
77. One difference between the therapeutic approaches of Ellis and Beck is
A. how they view self-defeating beliefs.
B. how they communicate with the client.
C. the extent to which they strive to change the client's cognitions.
D. the extent to which they emphasize overt symptoms.
78. Which of the following is a cognitive therapy technique where the client rates her emotions in order to
help gain perspective of her situation?
A. thought stopping
B. questioning the evidence
C. labeling of distortions
D. scaling
79. Kendall's therapist has asked her to imagine a large "X" when she begins to think about things that make
her anxious. This is an example of the ________ technique.
A. scaling
B. decatastrophizing
C. thought stopping
D. questioning the evidence
80. Brian's therapist has asked him to count backwards from 100 when he starts to feel anxious. This is an
example of the ________ technique.
A. reattribution
B. distraction
C. guided association
D. decatastrophizing
81. Cindy's therapist uses both the distraction and scaling techniques to help her deal with anxiety. The
therapist is utilizing ________ therapy.
A. psychodynamic
B. humanistic
C. behavioral
D. cognitive
82. Cognitive-behavior therapy attempts to produce change by
A. bringing the unconscious to consciousness.
B. helping clients to eliminate self-defeating thoughts.
C. helping clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.
D. having clients re-experience unhealthy relationships.
83. Carlos is being asked to perform a series of problem solving activities that involve working memory,
planning, and flexibility. Carlos is engaging in
A. rational-emotive behavior therapy.
B. free association.
C. self-instructional methods.
D. cognitive-remediation therapy.
84. A remarkable finding from research on cognitive-remediation therapy is that this therapy produces
changes in the
A. person's appearance.
B. therapist's perceptions.
C. person's brain functioning.
D. person's hormone levels.
85. Your therapist, Dr. Schmitt, tells you that he practices integrative therapy. This means that he
A. treats the whole person not just the behavioral symptoms.
B. uses techniques from a variety of therapeutic models.
C. uses guided association to help the client see connections between different thoughts and ideas.
D. believes in the individual's self-healing capacities.
86. Dr. Houltin is a therapist who believes that it is important for clients to share information and provide
feedback to each other. Dr. Houltin is practicing ________ therapy.
A. psychodynamic
B. group
C. integrative
D. cultural
87. A major advantage to group therapy is that clients
A. have more opportunity to develop social skills.
B. are able to meet without the therapist.
C. learn about other psychological disorders that individuals must deal with.
D. become dependent on other clients rather than the therapist.
88. Which of the following is a feature of group therapy that makes it an attractive treatment format?
A. flooding
B. altruism
C. self-efficacy
D. applied behavior analysis
89. In family therapy, it is assumed that the
A. person who has the worst symptoms does not have the problem.
B. person who has the worst symptoms is the cause of the problem.
C. problem originates in the interactions among the family members.
D. healthy family members cause the disturbed family member's behavior.
90. Dr. Mitchell is your family therapist. She believes that to adequately understand psychological problems,
she must understand the role that you play in the family system. Which of these statements supports that
underlying belief?
A. Older siblings are usually relied upon to provide therapeutic solutions.
B. The individual must be cured before the remainder of the family is infected.
C. Problems of the individual are often caused by problems in the family.
D. Mothers and fathers are the cause of most psychological problems.
91. In family therapy, getting the family to acknowledge that the problem is a family problem and not just the
problem of one individual is called
A. validation.
B. reframing.
C. structural change.
D. detriangulation.
92. One aspect of family therapy is the idea that a family member's symptoms are a function of the family
relationships. If, for example, a teenage son is the parent's scapegoat, which family therapy technique
would be the most appropriate to use?
A. validation
B. reframing
C. structural change
D. detriangulation
93. Which of the following is NOT one of the four most widely used family therapy techniques?
A. validation
B. flooding
C. structural change
D. detriangulation
94. Deinstitutionalization involves
A. releasing individuals with mental disorders from prison.
B. releasing individuals with mental disorders into the custody of law officials.
C. transferring individuals with mental disorders from mental institutions to community-based facilities.
D. transferring individuals with mental disorders from regular hospitals to mental hospitals.
95. Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy has found that
A. no one form of psychotherapy works better than any other.
B. psychotherapy is significantly more effective than a placebo control intervention.
C. the likelihood of clinical improvement increases as the number of therapy sessions increases.
D. All of these.
96. Based on a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of psychotherapy, what percentage of clients report
improvement?
A. 50 percent
B. 70 percent
C. 30 percent
D. less than 10 percent
97. Max is a psychotherapist who has been asked to comment on which form of psychotherapy is the most
effective. He responds by alluding to the Dodo bird hypothesis. What does this tell you about his opinion
on the different forms of psychotherapy?
A. He thinks psychoanalysis is most effective.
B. He thinks that biological therapies are more effective than other types of therapy.
C. He is a proponent of cognitive therapies.
D. He thinks all therapies have merit.
98. Which of the following is the most important determinant of whether or not therapy is successful?
A. therapist's approach
B. quality of the client's participation
C. therapy techniques used
D. number of therapy sessions
99. Which statement best reflects the impact that psychotherapy for depression may have on heart disease?

A Psychological disorders are not related to physical disorders, thus psychotherapy would have no impact
. on the development or progression of heart disease.
B. Depression causes heart disease, so if psychotherapy cures the depression, then the heart disease will
be cured as well.
C. Depression and heart disease are correlated and the risk of heart disease can be reduced by treating
depression.
D. Heart disease can cause depression and in such cases psychotherapy for depression is ineffective.
100.Which of the following statements accurately describes well-being therapy?
A. WBT has adopted many of the techniques evident in psychodynamic therapies.
B. WBT is about learning to notice and savor positive experiences.
C. WBT is a long-term therapy that monitors behavior over years rather than months.
D. WBT requires clients to monitor their own depression levels.
101.Your friend's ten-year-old son was just diagnosed with depression. Your friend is concerned about the
risk of suicide associated with some anti-depressant medications. Based on recent research, what would
you tell your friend?

102.Describe the benefits and drawbacks associated with electroconvulsive therapy.

103.Describe the philosophy of psychoanalytic therapy.

104.Describe the technique of free association.

105.Describe the philosophy of humanistic therapists.

106.Imagine that you are a therapist and someone has come to your office because he is terrified of dogs.
Briefly describe how you could use systematic desensitization to treat this person's phobia.

107.Janice is a 26-year-old woman who is depressed because she feels that her life has become worthless.
When she was young, her parents wanted her to become a physician, but instead she became a
pharmacist's assistant and is now earning a good salary. Her boyfriend has broken up with her because
he claims that she is no longer any fun to be around. Janice feels as though she will never find anyone
to marry. Her parents continue to be critical of her career path. How might a rational-emotive therapist
approach the treatment of Janice's depression?

108.Define and provide an example of integrative therapy.

109.Your friend is feeling depressed and you think he should probably see a therapist. However, your friend
insists that psychotherapy is not effective and is nothing more than a waste of time. Describe the evidence
regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

110.Describe what is meant by the therapeutic alliance and discuss how it affects the success of
psychotherapy.

111.Electroconvulsive therapy was originally developed to treat schizophrenia.

True False
112.Electroconvulsive therapy has replaced deep brain stimulation as the choice of treatment for severe
depression.
True False
113.The effects of psychosurgery are irreversible.
True False
114.Catharsis is the process of letting out emotions based on unconscious conflicts.
True False
115.Interpretation is a process where the therapist encourages the client to talk freely about everything no
matter how embarrassing or trivial.
True False
116.Freud believed that the meaning of dream symbols was universal.
True False
117.Humanistic therapists believe that people should make their own choices about how to live their
lives.
True False
118.Systematic desensitization is an operant conditioning technique.
True False
119.Maury is afraid of cats. The first thing his therapist does is place Maury in a room where cats roam freely.
The therapist is using systematic desensitization.
True False
120.Cognitive-behavioral therapists place an emphasis on reducing self-defeating thoughts.
True False
121.Structural change is a technique used in family therapy.
True False
122.Paraprofessionals provide comprehensive mental health services.
True False
123.Psychotherapy is effective in treating many psychological disorders.
True False
124.Therapeutic alliance refers to the relationship between the professional and the paraprofessional.
True False
125.Well-being therapy is a long-term therapy that encourages clients to rid themselves of their negative life
experiences.
True False
 ch16 Key
1. C

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. D

6. B

7. D

8. D

9. D

10. B

11. D

12. C

13. C

14. D

15. D

16. B

17. B

18. A

19. A

20. B

21. D

22. D

23. C

24. C

25. C

26. B

27. C

28. D

29. B

30. C

31. B

32. A

33. D

34. B

35. C

36. A
37. A

38. D

39. D

40. D

41. C

42. D

43. C

44. A

45. A

46. C

47. D

48. B

49. B

50. C

51. B

52. D

53. D

54. B

55. C

56. D

57. A

58. B

59. C

60. C

61. C

62. B

63. A

64. B

65. B

66. B

67. B

68. B

69. B

70. D

71. B

72. C

73. D

74. B
75. A

76. D

77. B

78. D

79. C

80. B

81. D

82. B

83. D

84. C

85. B

86. B

87. A

88. B

89. C

90. C

91. B

92. D

93. B

94. C

95. D

96. B

97. D

98. B

99. C

100. B

101. Current research has found virtually no link between anti-depressants and an increase in suicidal thoughts. In fact in one study, there was a
significant drop in the number of suicidal thoughts experienced by patients.

102. The advantages of electroconvulsive therapy are benefits that match both cognitive and drug therapies. Also, the benefits appear much more
rapidly. ECT is also associated with fewer side effects than medication. Drawbacks include both short-term and sometimes long-term amnesia, as
well as a fairly high relapse rate.

103. Psychoanalytic therapy is based on Sigmund Freud's belief that the roots of all psychological problems are unconscious conflicts among the
id, ego, and superego. If conflicts among these three forces get out of hand, they can cause problems. For psychoanalysts, unconscious conflicts
must be made conscious in order to develop awareness. Awareness of the motives releases some of their power, and we are no longer as conflicted
as before. Psychoanalysts believe that it is difficult to access these unconscious elements. As such, their techniques are all designed to access
unconscious processes by relaxing the censorship of the ego and interpreting their symbolized form. These techniques include free association,
catharsis, interpretation, dream analysis, analysis of transference, and analysis of resistance.

104. Free association is a technique used by psychoanalysts in which the patient is encouraged to say aloud whatever comes to mind. The goal is to
uncover or gain access to troubling thoughts buried deep in the unconscious.

105. In humanistic therapy, the focus is to allow the individual to become fully aware of his or her genuine feelings via non-directive techniques,
such as self-reflection by the client and active listening and reflective speech by the therapist. Carl Rogers, a chief proponent of humanism,
believed that in order to move forward into full knowledge of the self and to grow as a human being, people require unconditional positive regard,
empathy, and authenticity.
106. Systematic desensitization is a style of treatment that is based on classical conditioning principles. It would be very effective in helping
this client treat his phobia. The first step would be to have the client describe his fears. Second, would be to rank order those fears from least
frightening to most frightening. Then the client would be taught relaxation techniques, and finally presented with increasingly frightening stimuli.

107. Rational-emotive therapists believe that self-defeating beliefs are at the heart of most psychological disorders. Unhappiness and disorders
arise when people hold onto irrational and self-defeating ideas about themselves and the world around them. The rational-emotive therapist targets
such self-defeating beliefs and works to change a client's belief system. In this case, the therapist may point out to Janice that she believes she has
been a failure in her career even though she is earning a good salary. She has accepted her parents' irrational views that she is a disappointment.
Regarding the breakup with her boyfriend, Janice thinks that because he left, she will never find another partner. The therapist will inform Janice
that she should not regard her life as "horrible" just because it has not turned out the way she had hoped. Instead, she should look at her positive
accomplishments and build from there. By changing these irrational beliefs about herself and abandoning the idea that she must be perfect and
loved by everyone, Janice can expect her depression to decline.

108. Integrative therapy - being open to using various ways of applying diverse therapies. Therapists who use this type of therapy combine
techniques from different therapies based on their judgment of which particular methods will provide the greatest benefit for the client. For
example, a therapist might use a cognitive approach for a person suffering from depression and a behavioral approach for a person suffering from a
phobia. Integrative therapy also includes using multiple approaches with one client.

109. In studies using a treatment group, placebo-wait list group, and a no treatment control, the treatment group has the best outcomes, followed by
the placebo, followed by the no treatment control. The fact that the placebo condition improves compared to the no treatment control suggests that
simply the expectation of seeing a therapist and of actually doing something to get better can help. But, by far, the best outcomes are associated
with seeking and receiving treatment. Therapy benefits most people through the first six months of treatment, with diminishing returns after that
time period.

110. The therapeutic alliance is the relationship between the therapist and the client. It is an important element of successful psychotherapy. The
key aspect is a relationship where the client has confidence and trust in the therapist.

111. TRUE

112. FALSE

113. TRUE

114. TRUE

115. FALSE

116. FALSE

117. TRUE

118. FALSE

119. FALSE

120. TRUE

121. TRUE

122. FALSE

123. TRUE

124. FALSE

125. FALSE
 ch16 Summary
Category # of Questions
APA Learning Outcome: 1.2 123
APA Learning Outcome: 4.2 2
Blooms Level: Application 43
Blooms Level: Comprehension 21
Blooms Level: Evaluation 1
Blooms Level: Knowledge 59
Blooms Level: Synthesis 1
Difficulty: High 21
Difficulty: Low 37
Difficulty: Medium 67
King - Chapter 16 125
Topic: Behavior Therapies 16
Topic: Cognitive Therapies 20
Topic: Cognitive Therapies (Intersection) 2
Topic: Common Themes in Effective Psychotherapy 3
Topic: Community Mental Health 1
Topic: Drug Therapy 9
Topic: Drug Therapy (Critical Controversy) 1
Topic: Electroconvulsive Therapy 6
Topic: Family and Couples Therapy 6
Topic: Group Therapy 3
Topic: Humanistic Therapies 10
Topic: Psychodynamic Therapies 31
Topic: Psychodynamic Therapies, Behavior Therapies 1
Topic: Psychodynamic Therapies, Humanistic Therapies 1
Topic: Psychosurgery 2
Topic: Psychotherapy 2
Topic: Research on the Effectiveness of Psychotherapy 4
Topic: Self-Help Support Groups 1
Topic: The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy 1
Topic: Therapies and Health and Wellness 3
Topic: Therapy Integrations 2