Unit – I

Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT)

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 Introduction
 Java AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is an API to develop GUI or
window-based applications in java.
 Java AWT components are platform-dependent i.e. components
are displayed according to the view of operating system.
 AWT is heavyweight i.e. its components are using the resources of
OS.
 The AWT is part of the Java Foundation Classes (JFC) — the
standard API for providing a graphical user interface (GUI) for a
Java program.

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 AWT Components
 The java.awt package provides classes for AWT API such as
TextField, Label, TextArea, RadioButton, CheckBox, Choice,
List etc.

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 Java AWT Hierarchy
 The hierarchy of Java AWT classes are given below.

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 Container
 The Container is a component in AWT that can contain
another components like buttons, textfields, labels etc. The
classes that extends Container class are known as container
such as Frame, Dialog and Panel.

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 Window
 The window is the container that have no borders and menu
bars. You must use frame, dialog or another window for
creating a window.

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 Panel

 The Panel is the container that doesn't contain title bar and
menu bars. It can have other components like button,
textfield etc.

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 Frame

 The Frame is the container that contain title bar and can have
menu bars. It can have other components like button,
textfield etc.

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 Useful Methods of Component class
Method Description

public void add(Component c) inserts a component on this

component.

public void setSize(int width,int height) sets the size (width and height) of
the component.

public void setLayout(LayoutManager m) defines the layout manager for the

component.

public void setVisible(boolean status) changes the visibility of the

component, by default false.

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 Working with Frame Windows

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 Constructors :
 Frame( )
 Frame(String title)
Setting the Window’s Dimensions:

The setSize( ) method is used to set the dimensions of the window.

void setSize(int newWidth, int newHeight)
The getSize( ) method is used to obtain the current size of a
window.
Dimension getSize( )

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 Hiding and Showing a Window
void setVisible(boolean visibleFlag)

Setting a Window’s Title

void setTitle(String newTitle)

Closing a Frame Window

When using a frame window, your program must remove that
window from the screen when it is closed, by calling setVisible(false).
To intercept a window-close event, you must implement
the windowClosing( ) method of the WindowListener interface.
Inside windowClosing( ), you must remove the window from the
screen.
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 Example:
import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame extends Frame {

public TestFrame(String title){
super(title);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
Frame f = new TestFrame("TestFrame");
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLocation(100,100);
f.show();
}
}

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 AWT Component Classes

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 java.awt.Label

Constructors
 public Label(String strLabel, int alignment);
 public Label(String strLabel);
 public Label()

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 Alignment Constants (final static fields)
 public static final LEFT; // Label.LEFT
 public static final RIGHT; // Label.RIGHT
 public static final CENTER; // Label.CENTER

Public Methods
 public String getText();
 public void setText(String strLabel);
 public int getAlignment();
 public void setAlignment(int alignment);

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MyFrame extends Frame
{
Label myLabel;
MyFrame()
{
setSize(400, 200);
setTitle("My Application");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
setVisible(true);
myLabel = new Label("This is a label!");
add(myLabel);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we){
System.exit(0);
}} );
}
public static void main(String[] args){
MyFrame mf = new MyFrame();
}
}
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 java.awt.Button
Constructors
 public Button(String btnLabel);
 public Button();

Public Methods
 public String getLabel();
 public void setLabel(String btnLabel);
 public void setEnable(boolean enable)

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 import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MyFrame extends Frame
{ Button r,g,b;
MyFrame()
{
setSize(400, 200);
setTitle("My Application");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
setVisible(true);
r = new Button("Red");
g = new Button("Green");
b = new Button("Blue");
add(r); add(g); add(b);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we)
{ System.exit(0); }
});
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{ MyFrame mf = new MyFrame();
}
} Department of Computer
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 java.awt.TextField

Constructors
• public TextField(String initialText, int columns);
• public TextField(String initialText);
• public TextField(int columns);

Public Methods
• public String getText();
• public void setText(String strText);
• public void setEditable(boolean editable);
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 Methods available in TextField class
 String getText()
Retrieves the text in the text field.

 void setText(String str)

Assigns or sets text in the text field.

 String getSelectedText()
Retrieves the selected text in the text field.

 void select(int startindex, int endindex)

To select the text in text field from startindex to endindex -1.

 boolean isEditable()
To check whether the text field is editable or not.
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 Methods available in TextField class
 void setEditable(boolean canEdit)
To make a text field editable or non-editable.

 void setEchoChar(char ch)

To set the echo character of a text field. This is generally used
for password fields.

 boolean echoCharIsSet()
To check whether the echo character for the text field is set
or not.

 char getEchoChar()
To retrieve the current echo character.
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 import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MyFrame extends Frame{
Label myLabel;
TextField tf;
MyFrame(){
setSize(400, 200);
setTitle("My Application");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
myLabel = new Label("Enter name: ");
tf = new TextField(20);
add(myLabel);
add(tf);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we)
{ System.exit(0); }
} );
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
MyFrame mf = new MyFrame();
}
} AJP Unit-I Mrs. Chavan P.P. Department of Computer
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 java.awt.TextArea
Constructors
 TextArea()
 TextArea(int numLines, int numChars)
 TextArea(String str)
 TextArea(String str, int numLines, int numChars)
 TextArea(String str, int numLines, int numChars, int sBars)

Valid values of sBars

 SCROLLBARS_BOTH
 SCROLLBARS_NONE
 SCROLLBARS_HORIZONTAL_ONLY
 SCROLLBARS_VERTICAL_ONLY
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 Methods available in TextArea class
 String getText()
To retrieve the text in the text area.

 void setText(String str)

To assign or set the text in a text area.

 String getSelectedText()
To retrieve the selected text in a text area.

 void select(int startindex, int endindex)

To select the text in text field from startindex to endindex – 1.

 boolean isEditable()
To check whether the text field is editable or not.
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 Methods available in TextArea class
 void setEditable(boolean canEdit)
To make a text field editable or non-editable.

 void append(String str)

To append the given string to the text in the text area.

 void insert(String str, int index)

To insert the given string at the specified index.

 void replaceRange(String str, int stastartIndex, int endIndex)

To replace the text from startIndex to endIndex -1 with the given
string.

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MyFrame extends Frame{
TextArea ta;
MyFrame()
{
setSize(400, 200);
setTitle("My Application");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
ta = new TextArea(3, 20);
add(ta);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we)
{ System.exit(0); }
} );
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
MyFrame mf = new MyFrame();
}
}
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 java.awt.List

Constructors
 List()
 List(int numRows)
 List(int numRows, boolean multipleSelect)

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 Methods available in the List class
 void add(String name)
To add an item to the list box.

 void add(String name, int index)

To add an item at the specified index in the list box.

 String getSelectedItem()
To get the item name which is selected by the user.

 int getSelectedIndex()
To get the item index which is selected by the user.

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 Methods available in the List class
 String[] getSelectedItems()
To retrieve the selected item names by the user.

 int[] getSelectedIndexes()
To retrieve the selected item indexes by the user.

 int getItemCount()
To retrieve the number of items in the list box.

 void select(int index)

To select an item based on the given index.

 String getItem(int index)

To retrieve the item at the given index.
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 import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MyFrame extends Frame{
List myList;
MyFrame(){
setSize(400, 200);
setTitle("My Application");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
myList = new List();
myList.add("CSE");
myList.add("ECE");
myList.add("EEE");
myList.add("IT");
add(myList);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we)
{ System.exit(0); }
} );
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
MyFrame mf = new MyFrame();
}
}
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 java.awt.Choice (Dropdown Boxes)
Constructor
 Choice()

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 Methods available in Choice class
 void add(String name)
To add an item to the drop down list.
 String getSelectedItem()
To retrieve the item selected by the user.
 int getSelectedIndex()
To retrieve the index of the item selected by the user.
 int getItemCount()
To retrieve the number of items in the drop down list.
 void select(int index)
To select an item based on the given index.
 void select(String name)
To select an item based on the given item name.
 void getItem(int index)
To retrieve an item at the given index.
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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MyFrame extends Frame {
Choice myList;
MyFrame()
{ setSize(400, 200);
setTitle("My Application");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
setVisible(true);
myList = new Choice();
myList.add("CSE");
myList.add("ECE");
myList.add("EEE");
myList.add("IT");
add(myList);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we)
{ System.exit(0); }
} );
}
public static void main(String[] args){
MyFrame mf = new MyFrame();
}
}
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 java.awt.Checkbox
Constructors
 Checkbox()
 Checkbox(String str)
 Checkbox(String str, boolean on)
 Checkbox(String str, boolean on, CheckboxGroup cbGroup)
 Checkbox(String str, CheckboxGroup cbGroup, boolean on)

Methods available in the Checkbox class:

 boolean getState() – To retrieve the state of a checkbox.
 void setState(boolean on) – To set the state of a checkbox.
 String getLabel() – To retrieve the text of a checkbox.
 void setLabel(String str) – To set the text of a checkbox
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 import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MyFrame extends Frame
{ Checkbox c1, c2;
MyFrame()
{ setSize(400, 200);
setTitle("My Application");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
setVisible(true);
c1 = new Checkbox("Male");
c2 = new Checkbox("Female");
add(c1);
add(c2);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we)
{ System.exit(0); }
} );
}
public static void main(String[] args){
MyFrame mf = new MyFrame();
}
}
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 CheckBox Group

Radio buttons can be create by using Checkbox class and

CheckboxGroup class

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 import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MyFrame extends Frame {
Checkbox c1, c2;
CheckboxGroup cbg;
MyFrame()
{ setSize(400, 200);
setTitle("My Application");
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
setVisible(true);
cbg = new CheckboxGroup();
c1 = new Checkbox("Male", cbg, false);
c2 = new Checkbox("Female", cbg, false);
add(c1);
add(c2);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we)
{ System.exit(0); }
} );
}
public static void main(String[] args){
MyFrame mf = new MyFrame();
}
} Department of Computer
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 Scroll Bar
Constructors
 Scrollbar( )
 Scrollbar(int style)
 Scrollbar(int style, int iValue, int tSize, int min, int max)

Methods
 int getValue( )
 void setValue(int newValue)
 int getMinimum( )
 int getMaximum( )
 void setUnitIncrement(int newIncr)
 void setBlockIncrement(int newIncr)
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 import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*<applet code="SBDemo" width=300 height=200></applet> */
public class SBDemo extends Applet {
String msg = "";
Scrollbar vertSB, horzSB;
public void init() {
int width = Integer.parseInt(getParameter("width"));
int height = Integer.parseInt(getParameter("height"));
vertSB = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.VERTICAL, 0, 1, 0, height);
horzSB = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL, 0, 1, 0, width);
add(vertSB); add(horzSB);
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
msg = "Vertical: " + vertSB.getValue();
msg += ", Horizontal: " + horzSB.getValue();
g.drawString(msg, 6, 160);
}
}
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 LayoutManagers
 The LayoutManagers are used to arrange components in a particular
manner. LayoutManager is an interface that is implemented by all the classes
of layout managers. There are following classes that represents the layout
managers:
java.awt.BorderLayout
java.awt.FlowLayout
java.awt.GridLayout Defined in the AWT

java.awt.CardLayout
java.awt.GridBagLayout
javax.swing.BoxLayout
javax.swing.GroupLayout Defined in Swing
javax.swing.ScrollPaneLayout
javax.swing.SpringLayout etc.
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 Use Layout Managers
• setLayout(new BorderLayout());
• setLayout(new CardLayout(());
• setLayout(new FlowLayout());
• setLayout(new GridLayout(rows,columns,xgap,ygap));

 Default layout managers

 Windows (Frames & Dialogs)
 BorderLayout
 Panels (Applets)
 FlowLayout

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 BorderLayout
The BorderLayout is used to arrange the components in five regions:
north, south, east, west and center. Each region (area) may contain one
component only. It is the default layout of frame or window.

Five constants for each region:

public static final int NORTH
public static final int SOUTH
public static final int EAST
public static final int WEST
public static final int CENTER

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 Constructors of BorderLayout class
BorderLayout()
creates a border layout but with no gaps between the components.

JBorderLayout(int hgap, int vgap)

creates a border layout with the given horizontal and vertical gaps
between the components.
n

w e
c

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 Example of BorderLayout class
import java.awt.*; f.add(b1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
import javax.swing.*; f.add(b2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
f.add(b3,BorderLayout.EAST);
f.add(b4,BorderLayout.WEST);
public class Border { f.add(b5,BorderLayout.CENTER);
JFrame f;
Border(){ f.setSize(300,300);
f.setVisible(true);
f=new JFrame();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
JButton b1=new JButton("NORTH");
JButton b2=new JButton("SOUTH"); new Border();
}
JButton b3=new JButton("EAST");
}
JButton b4=new JButton("WEST");
JButton b5=new JButton("CENTER");

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 Output of the Program

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 GridLayout

The GridLayout is used to arrange the components in rectangular

grid. One component is displayed in each rectangle.

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 Constructors of GridLayout class
GridLayout()
creates a grid layout with one column per component in a row.

GridLayout(int rows, int columns)

creates a grid layout with the given rows and columns but no gaps
between the components.

GridLayout(int rows, int columns, int hgap, int vgap)

creates a grid layout with the given rows and columns along with given
horizontal and vertical gaps.

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 Example of GridLayout class
import java.awt.*; f.add(b1);
import javax.swing.*; f.add(b2);
public class MyGridLayout{ f.add(b3);
f.add(b4);
JFrame f;
f.add(b5);
MyGridLayout(){ f.add(b6);
f=new JFrame(); f.add(b7);
JButton b1=new JButton("1"); f.add(b8);
f.add(b9);
JButton b2=new JButton("2");
JButton b3=new JButton("3"); f.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,3));
JButton b4=new JButton("4"); f.setSize(300,300);
JButton b5=new JButton("5"); f.setVisible(true);
}
JButton b6=new JButton("6"); public static void main(String[] args) {
JButton b7=new JButton("7"); new MyGridLayout();
JButton b8=new JButton("8"); }
}
JButton b9=new JButton("9");

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 Output of the Program

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 FlowLayout
The FlowLayout is used to arrange the components in a line, one after
another (in a flow). It is the default layout of applet or panel.
Fields of FlowLayout class:

public static final int LEFT

public static final int RIGHT
public static final int CENTER
public static final int LEADING
public static final int TRAILING

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 Constructors of FlowLayout class
FlowLayout()
creates a flow layout with centered alignment and a default 5 unit
horizontal and vertical gap.

FlowLayout(int align)
creates a flow layout with the given alignment and a default 5 unit
horizontal and vertical gap.

FlowLayout(int align, int hgap, int vgap)

creates a flow layout with the given alignment and the given
horizontal and vertical gap.
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 Example of FlowLayout class
import java.awt.*; f.add(b3);
import javax.swing.*; f.add(b4);
f.add(b5);

public class MyFlowLayout{ f.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

JFrame f; //setting flow layout of right alignment
MyFlowLayout(){
f.setSize(300,300);
f=new JFrame(); f.setVisible(true);
JButton b1=new JButton("1"); }
JButton b2=new JButton("2"); public static void main(String[] args)
{
JButton b3=new JButton("3");
new MyFlowLayout();
JButton b4=new JButton("4"); }
JButton b5=new JButton("5"); }

f.add(b1);
f .add(b2);

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 Output of the Program

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 CardLayout class
The CardLayout class manages the components in such a manner that
only one component is visible at a time. It treats each component as a
card that is why it is known as CardLayout.

Constructors of CardLayout class

CardLayout()
creates a card layout with zero horizontal and vertical gap.

CardLayout(int hgap, int vgap)

creates a card layout with the given horizontal and vertical gap.

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Commonly used methods CardLayout
public void next(Container parent)
It is used to flip to the next card of the given container.

public void previous(Container parent)

It is used to flip to the previous card of the given container.

public void first(Container parent)

It is used to flip to the first card of the given container.

public void last(Container parent)

It is used to flip to the last card of the given container.

public void show(Container parent, String name)

It is used to flip to the specified card with the given name.

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 Example of CardLayout class
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*; c.add("a",b1);
c.add("b",b2);
public class CardLayoutExample extends
c.add("c",b3);
JFrame implements ActionListener{ }
CardLayout card; public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
JButton b1,b2,b3; {
Container c; card.next(c);
}
CardLayoutExample(){
c=getContentPane(); public static void main(String[] args)
card=new CardLayout(40,30); {
c.setLayout(card); CardLayoutExample cl=new CardLayoutExample();
cl.setSize(400,400);
b1=new JButton("Apple");
cl.setVisible(true);
b2=new JButton("Boy"); cl.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
b3=new JButton("Cat"); }
b1.addActionListener(this); }
b2.addActionListener(this);
b3.addActionListener(this); Department of Computer
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 Output of the Program

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 GridBagLayout class
The GridBagLayout class is a flexible layout manager that aligns
components vertically and horizontally, without requiring that the
components be of the same size. Each GridBagLayout object
maintains a dynamic rectangular grid of cells, with each component
occupying one or more cells, called its display area.

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Constructor of GridBagLayout class

GridBagLayout()
Creates a grid bag layout manager.

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 Some of the information that the GridBagLayout needs to know about an
object are:
 row and column
 number of cells spanned
 placement within its space
 stretch and shrink values

This information is stored in an object of

type GridBagContstraints and is associated with a component using
setContraints(Component, GridBagContraints)

This causes the layout manager to make a copy of the constraints and
associate them with the object. Therefore you only need one of
these GridBagContraints objects.
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 GridBagConstraints
VARIABLE DESCRIPTION
These variables are used to specify the location where the component is to be placed. For
example, the top-left cell location is specified as gridx = 0 and gridy = 0. If no values for
gridx, gridy these variables are specified, the layout manager assumes them to be as
GridBagConstraints.RELATIVE which means the component is to be placed next to the
existing one (it is relative placement: either to the right or below the existing one).
These variables are used to give the size of the component in terms of cells. The default
gridwidth,
value is 1, if no value is specified. Assigning GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER to these
gridheight
variables means, the component getting added is the last one in its row.

This field is used when the component’s display area is larger than the component’s size. It
tells whether to resize the component or not when the frame is resized. The value can be
one of the following.
fill GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL: Component grows horizontally
GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL: Component grows vertically
GridBagConstraints.BOTH: Component grows both ways
GridBagConstraints.NONE: Component does not grow at all
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 VARIABLE DESCRIPTION

This variable specifies the placement (or location) of the component within the cell when
the component does not fill the whole cell. The value can be:
GridBagConstraints.NORTH GridBagConstraints.NORTHEAST
anchor GridBagConstraints.EAST GridBagConstraints.SOUTHEAST
GridBagConstraints.SOUTH GridBagConstraints.SOUTHWEST
GridBagConstraints.WEST GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST
GridBagConstraints.CENTER (the default one)

ipadx pixels are added to the left and right of the minimum size of the component and
ipadx, ipady
ipady pixels are added to the top and bottom.
insets specifies the empty space between the container border and the components.

distribute the space when the container expands. The GridBagLayout distributes the space
between the columns horizontally or vertically as per the weights of weightx and weighty.
weightx,
The columns or cells with more weight get more space. The cells with 0 weight value will
weighty
not get any extra space. The range of values must be 0.0 to 1.0. The default value of these
fields are 0 and when specified it must be a non-negative value.

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 GridBagConstraints
The following is a complete list of all of the constraints:
 anchor determines position in the display area
 fill determines if a component is stretched to fill the area
 gridheight and gridwidth determine the number of rows and columns in
the component's area
 gridx and gridy determine the position of the component's area.
 insets determine a border around a component's area.
 ipadx and ipady allows the minimum or preferred size of a component to
be adjusted.
 weightx and weighty determine the sizes of the rows and columns of the
grids.

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 Example of GridBagLayout class
import java.awt.*; c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.SOUTHWEST;
import java.awt.event.*; gridbag.setConstraints(B1,c);
import java.applet.*; add(B1);
c.weightx = 0;
public class GB01 extends Applet
c.gridx = 1;
implements ActionListener { c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.NORTH;
Button B1 = new Button("Button 1"); c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
Button B2 = new Button("Button 2"); gridbag.setConstraints(B2,c);
GridBagLayout gridbag; add(B2);
public void init() { B1.addActionListener(this);
setBackground(Color.yellow); B2.addActionListener(this);
}
gridbag = new GridBagLayout();
GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints(); public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
setLayout(gridbag); repaint();
c.weightx = 1; }
c.weighty = 1; }
c.gridx = 0; /*<applet code=GB01.class width=200
c.gridy = 0; height=200> </applet>*/

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 Output of the Program

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 Layout Manager Summary
null FlowLayout GridLayout

none,
Left to right,
programmer
Top to bottom
sets x,y,w,h

BorderLayout CardLayout GridBagLayout

n

e JButton
c One at a time

w s

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67 Engineering
 Menu Bars and Menus
A top-level window can have a menu bar associated with it.
This is implemented by the following classes: MenuBar, Menu, and
MenuItem.
 A menu bar contains one or more Menu objects.
 Each Menu object contains a list of MenuItem objects.
 Each MenuItem object represents something that can be selected by
the user.
 Since Menu is a subclass of MenuItem, a hierarchy of nested
submenus can be created.
 It is also possible to include checkable menu items. These are menu
options of type CheckboxMenuItem and will have a check mark
next to them when they are selected.
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 Creating a menu on Frame / Applet

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 Constructors for Menu
Menu( )
-Creates an empty menu.

Menu(String label)
-Constructs a new menu with the specified label.

Menu(String label, boolean removable)

-Constructs a new menu with the specified label. If
removable is true, the pop-up menu can be removed and allowed
to float free. Otherwise, it will remain attached to the menu bar.

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 Constructors for MenuItem
MenuItem( )
-Constructs a new MenuItem with an empty label and no keyboard
shortcut.

MenuItem(String label)
-Constructs a new MenuItem with the specified label and no
keyboard shortcut.

MenuItem(String label, MenuShortcut s)

-Create a menu item with an associated keyboard shortcut.

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 Methods of MenuItem
void setEnabled(boolean enabledFlag)
-enables or disables a menu item. If the argument enabledFlag is true,
the menu item is enabled. If false, the menu item is disabled.

boolean isEnabled( )
-determines an item’s status. Returns true if the menu item on which
it is called is enabled. Otherwise, it returns false.

void setLabel(String newName)

- changes the name of a menu item.

String getLabel( )
-retrieve the current name of menu item. Department of Computer
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Engineering
 Checkable MenuItem

 The CheckboxMenuItem class represents a check box which

can be included in a menu. Selecting the check box in the
menu changes control's state from on to off or
from off to on.

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Constructors for Checkable MenuItem
CheckboxMenuItem()
-Create a check box menu item with an empty label.

CheckboxMenuItem(String label)
-Create a check box menu item with the specified label.

CheckboxMenuItem(String label, boolean state)

-Create a check box menu item with the specified label and state.

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class exp31 extends Frame
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ exp31 e=new exp31();
e.setVisible(true);
e.setSize(300,200);
MenuBar mbr=new MenuBar();
e.setMenuBar(mbr);
Menu mnuHome=new Menu("Home");
Menu mnuInsert=new Menu("Insert");
mbr.add(mnuHome);
mbr.add(mnuInsert);
CheckboxMenuItem Picture1=new CheckboxMenuItem("Picture");
MenuItem Paste1=new MenuItem("Paste");
mnuHome.add(Paste1);
mnuInsert.add(Picture1);
e.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
{ System.exit(0); } Department of Computer
75 AJP Unit-I Mrs. Chavan P.P.
}); } } Engineering
 Dialog Boxes
 Dialog control represents a top-level window with a title and a
border used to take some form of input from the user.

 Dialog boxes may be modal or modeless.

 When a modal dialog box is active, all input is directed to it until it is

closed. i.e. you cannot access other parts of program until you have
closed the dialog box.

 When a modeless dialog box is active, input focus can be directed to

another window in your program.

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 Constructors for Dialog Box
Dialog(Frame parentWindow)
Constructs an initially invisible, modeless Dialog with the specified
parentWindow Frame and an empty title.

Dialog(Frame parentWindow, boolean modal)

Constructs an initially invisible Dialog with the specified
parentWindow Frame and modality and an empty title.

Dialog(Frame parentWindow, String title)

Constructs an initially invisible, modeless Dialog with the specified
parentWindow Frame and title.

Dialog(Frame parentWindow, String title, boolean modal)

Constructs an initially invisible Dialog with the specified
parentWindow Frame, title and modality.
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 Methods for Dialog Box
String getTitle()
-Gets the title of the dialog.
void setTitle(String title)
-Sets the title of the Dialog.
boolean isModal()
-Indicates whether the dialog is modal.
void setModal(boolean modal)
-Specifies whether this dialog should be modal.
boolean isResizable()
-Indicates whether this dialog is resizable by the user.
void setResizable(boolean resizable)
-Sets whether this dialog is resizable by the user.
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 FileDialog

FileDialog control represents a dialog window from which the user

can select a file. To display a file dialog, you must instantiate an object
of type FileDialog.

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 Constructors for FileDialog
FileDialog(Frame parent)
Creates a file dialog for loading a file.

FileDialog(Frame parent, String title)

Creates a file dialog window with the specified title for loading a file.

FileDialog(Frame parent, String title, int mode)

Creates a file dialog window with the specified title for loading or
saving a file. If mode is FileDialog.LOAD then selecting a file for reading.
If mode is FileDialog.SAVE, then selecting a file for writing.

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 Methods for FileDialog
String getDirectory()
Gets the directory of this file dialog.

String getFile()
Gets the selected file of this file dialog.

int getMode()
Indicates whether this file dialog box is for loading from a file or for
saving to a file.

void setMode(int mode)

Sets the mode of the file dialog.
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