Bridge ttoo Success

English
English LLanguage
anguage

Coursebook
Gr
Grade
ade 68

VVolume
olume 33

1441- 1442 A.H. /2020- 2021 A.D.

Certified
The materials in this
book are certified by the
Ministry of Education

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 University Printing House, Cambridge cb2 8bs, United Kingdom

Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.

It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of
education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

© Cambridge University Press and the United Arab Emirates Ministry of Education 2018
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions
of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2018
Printed in the United Arab Emirates
Grade 8 Coursebook
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of
URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication,
and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate
or appropriate.

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 ??
Welcome to Bridge to Success

Bridge to Success is a twelve-grade course for • English for educational success. To meet
learners of English as a second language (ESL). the challenges of the future, children need
The twelve grades range from the beginning of to develop facility with both conversational
cycle 1 to the end of cycle 3. and academic English. From the earliest
stage, Bridge to Success addresses both these
Bridge to Success Grade 8 consists of twelve competencies. Bridge to Success presents
thematic units of study, which include a range authentic listening and reading texts, writing
of activities, text types and objectives, split over tasks, and end-of-unit projects similar to those
three terms. learners might encounter in English-medium
and international schools.
The materials reflect the following principles:
• An Emirati focus, with an international In addition to this Coursebook, the
perspective. Specifically developed for accompanying Workbook provides additional
young learners throughout the United support, reinforcement and practice.
Arab Emirates, the themes, situations and Comprehensive support for teachers is provided
literature covered by Bridge to Success strive in the Teacher’s Guide.
to reflect the Emirati context and encourage
learners’ curiosity about the wider world. This The following icons are used in this Coursebook:
fosters respect and interest in other cultures 1 pre-recorded listening activity
and leads to awareness of global citizenship.
links to 21st Century Themes and/or Skills
• An enquiry-based, language-rich approach
to learning. Bridge to Success engages
children as active, creative learners. As We hope that you and your learners will enjoy
learners participate in a wide variety using these materials as much as we enjoyed
of curriculum-based activities, they developing them for you.
simultaneously acquire content knowledge, The Bridge to Success team
develop critical thinking skills and practise
English language and literacy. The materials
incorporate a ‘learning to learn’ approach,
helping children acquire skills and strategies
that will help them approach new learning
situations with confidence.

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 Contents
Reading/Topic Listening/Speaking Use of English Vocabulary Writing
Unit 1 Education and learning Listening: Prepositions Ways of learning A paragraph
styles; international Online education followed by the Learning styles about how you
In and out of penpals -ing form (get into learn best
school Listening to dialogues After-school
Reading: trouble for talking) An argument
Speaking: activities
A website forum about Verbs followed on different
Learning in class
talking in class by the infinitive methods of
School interests with to learning
Learning styles
After-school activities and interests Use of so, however A letter to a pen
Online education
Discussing online learning pal
After-school activities
Going on a school exchange trip
School exchange trips
Discussing a website
International penpals
A letter from a penpal
Review Review of Unit 1
Project A school website
Unit 2 Shops and services; Listening: to have something Shops and services Design your own
town and country; you Description of a souq done Town and city shopping mall
Local community and your community How children help their community The second differences Preferences over
Reading: conditional: if Community town and city
Speaking:
Souqs in Dubai clauses to describe responsibilities A blog about a
Describing local shops and services imaginary city
Town or country? Differences between a mall and a souq situations
Istanbul A paragraph
Miming different shops about social
Quiz: How responsible Hypothetical situations responsibilities
are you?
Poem: In Daylight
Strange
Travel tips
Helping your
community
Review Review of Unit 2
Project How to improve your local area
Unit 3 Traditional life in the Listening: Abstract nouns Cultural heritage Facts about the
UAE; life in the desert; A visit to a museum Expressing the Life in the desert history of the
The culture and traditional poetry UAE
A conversation about camels past (revision of Pearl diving
traditions of the Reading: present perfect, A description of
UAE A poem by HH Sheik Mohammed Traditions
Traditional life in the past simple and an important
Speaking: Vocabulary from
UAE past continuous) historical place
Discussing family heritage the poem,
Pearling Qualifiers Sentences with
Happiest Nation
Pearl diving in the UAE abstract nouns
Life in the desert
Camel facts and adjectives
Traditional and modern
Life in the desert An email
values in the UAE
Values in society describing a trip
Literature and poetry in to the desert
the UAE Poets and poetry in the UAE
Review Review Unit 3
Project Literacy project: A tourist brochure and literary text

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 Reading/Topic Listening/Speaking Use of English Vocabulary Writing
Unit 4 The Arabian Gulf; the Listening: Participles used Geographical Five statements
Incense Trade Route The Incense Trade Route as adjectives; so features of the about
The Arabian Gulf and such to add world frankincense
Reading: The ending of a folktale
emphasis Trade and myrrh
The Arabian Peninsula Speaking:
Past simple, past Health issues Imagining
World Geography The Incense Trade Route continuous, traveling along
The Incense Trade Route Positive and
Herbs and spices present simple the Incense
negative
Frankincense and Myrrh Choosing an ending to a folktale passive, past Trade Route
adjectives
Geography quiz Geographical facts simple passive A diary of a
Popular Arab Folktales Folktale morals Idioms journey
Arabic Coffee Talking about different folktales Participles used as
Aesop’s Tales adjectives
Discussing participles used as adjectives
Using idioms
Review Review Unit 4
Project Creative writing: A story about an adventure
Unit 5 Festivals Listening: Prepositional Islamic terms An account of
Reading: New Year celebrations phrases Different types of how the Islamic
Festivals around New Year is
New Year celebrations UAE classic car festival Compound festivals
the world adjectives celebrated
The Gregorian calendar The Hajj
Synonyms Sentences with
UAE festivals Festivals compound
An Islamic pilgrimage Speaking: nouns
An account of three The Islamic Year A letter about Eid
festivals: (Diwali, Eid Islamic and Gregorian calendars Al-Fitr
Al-Fitr, Maslenitsa) Different festivals A newspaper
UAE National Festival report about
Describing a pilgrimage
Children’s festivals a festival or
UAE National Day
pilgrimage
A conversation persuading a friend to
visit a festival
Discussing a speech students would give
on TV
Review Review Unit 5
Project A poster about a festival
Unit 6 The theatre Performing Listening: like and as to say Words about the Writing sentences
a play Listening to a description of a theatre that things are theatre and using like
Using English similar drama
Reading: visit Write and
The story of Aladdin The story of Aladdin Reported speech – The story of perform a play
commands (ask Aladdin based on the
Drama in the UAE Listen to a discussion about a play
and tell) story of Aladdin
A blog about Speaking:
Reported questions Write a summary
Monodrama Being in a play of a text
Reading a dialogue for Discussing a story Write a blog
information Discuss problems staging a play about how
Read about William Prepare and present a monodrama useful drama is
Shakespeare
Discuss drama as an activity Reporting
sentences
Review Review of Unit 6
Project Literacy project: Write a short play

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 Reading/Topic Listening/Speaking Use of English Vocabulary Writing
Unit 7 Languages you speak Listening: Determiners: neither, Languages you Write sentences
Reading: Benefits of learning languages each/every, all, both speak using although
Globally connected
The world of social Listening for specific information Conjunctions: Phrases to express Join sentences
media although, while, opinions using whereas/
Listen to interviews
whereas Online language while
The advantages of Internet safety
knowing languages Social media Write sentences
Speaking: using neither, each/
Is it good to learn a Languages you speak every, all or both
foreign language?
Discuss opinions about why learning Write a text using
Pros and cons of languages is good Arabish
English as a global
Discuss if the world needs a global Write survey
language
language questions
Reading about Arabish
Using Arabish Correct statements
Use of social media in
Why people use social media about social
the UAE
Conduct a survey media
Staying safe online
Interpreting a graph
Mobile apps
Review Review of Unit 7
Project Make a poster about social media use
Unit 8 Using electronic Listening: to, in order to, so that, Technology Views on gadgets
communication Talking about birthday presents so as to express Regrets Write election
E-communication purpose
Reading: Emailing and texting promises
Opinions about digital will future, passive Writing about
Speaking:
technology form regrets
Discussing technology (VR,
Virtual reality wish (that), if only + Writing emails
smartphones, gadgets)
past perfect
The School of the Air School of the Air
should have/
Email and mobile Expressing regrets shouldn’t have
phone etiquette Discussing text messaging
Schools in the future
Discussing BMI technology
Review Review Unit 8
Project Write a guide to mobile phone etiquette

Unit 9 The Amazon river and Listening: Non-defining and The ancient The benefits of the
rainforest The ancient Egyptians defining relative Egyptians Nile
Rivers and coasts clauses
The Nile and ancient A conversation about Egypt Marine biology Why tropical
Egyptians Present and past Types of holiday rainforests are
Islamic gardens
Reading: tenses accommodation important
Interview with a marine biologist
The lungs of the Earth Zero and first Write a postcard
Holidays conditionals
The Nile Speaking: Second conditional
Robinson Crusoe Past tenses, then, after that, suddenly,
island in the end
Gardens Give a presentation
Sea-related jobs Traditional jobs
Coral reefs Presentation about coral reefs
Holidays Phrases: Sure, why not?, Why don’t we
...?, Shall I ...?, I’m not sure ..., How
about ...?
Holiday activities
Review Review Unit 9
Project Presentation about the natural world

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 Reading/Topic Listening/Speaking Use of English Vocabulary Writing
Unit 10 The sinking of Listening: Revision of past Space exploration Writing about the
the Titanic and Writing about the Titanic tenses Titanic
Great expeditions exploration of the Write a summary Verb and tense Write a summary
Pages 163–175 wreck; great Arabic forms for talking Write predictions
Write predictions about space
explorers and about the future
exploration about space
navigators; space exploration
exploration. A report about space exploration
A report about
Reading: Sentences using future forms
space exploration
The Titanic Write a blog post
Sentences using
A biography of Ibn Speaking: future forms
Majid The Titanic Write a blog post
The travels of Ibn Discuss Ibn Majid
Jubayr The life and travels of Ibn Jubayr
Arab explorers: Ask and answer questions about Arab
Al-Masudi; Al- explorers
Muqaddasi; Al-Idrisi Discussing space exploration
Space exploration - the Talking about future plans
achievements so far
Life in the solar system
Review Review of Unit 10
Project Write a report on one part of the Emirates space programme

Unit 11 Sports and sports Listening: Compound nouns; Sports types, Writing interview
equipment; sporting Listen to commentaries; interview abstract nouns; players and questions; writing
Sports and hobbies ability; hobbies present equipment; a diary entry;
with Nabil Al Busaidi
Pages 176–187 Reading: Speaking: perfect continuous; hobbies; write an after-
sequencing words adjectives and school flyer
A top athlete: Jessica The Olympic Games; Olympic nouns
Ennis-Hill athletes; backgammon
Fact file: the Olympic
Games
An extraordinary
athlete: Alana Nichols
Nabil Al Busaidi - the
Arab Adventurer
Hobbies
Backgammon
Review Review of Unit 11
Project Design your own board game

Wordlists 188–190
Audioscript 191–194

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 Unit

10 Great expeditions
● Topics The sinking of the Titanic and exploration of the wreck;
great Arabic explorers and navigators; space exploration
● Use of English Revision of past tenses; sentence adverbs though
and as well ; revision of the will future

Lessons 1–2 The Titanic

● Are you a traveller or do you prefer to stay near home?
How would you feel about going on a long journey by sea?

Reading and listening 35

1 Read the text and number the paragraphs in

the correct order. Then listen and check.

a However, by the following morning it was clear

that more than 1,500 people had died and that
only about 700 passengers had survived.
b It was making good progress across the Atlantic
when, on the night of Sunday 14th April, five days after
Language tip
setting out, it hit an iceberg. A telegram was sent saying Compound nouns
are made up of two
that the ship needed help.
or more words,
c On Tuesday April 16th, the headlines in the newspapers read:
usually noun +
‘Titanic sunk, no lives lost’ and ‘All Titanic passengers are safe’. noun or adjective +
d The ship went down within three hours of hitting the iceberg. noun. Sometimes
It sank nearly four kilometres, to the bottom of the ocean. Some the two words are
passengers managed to escape, but there weren’t enough separate, (phone call),
lifeboats to save everyone. sometimes they are
e Titanic was the biggest, fastest and most luxurious liner of its joined by a hyphen,
(great-grandmother)
time. In April 1912, the ship set sail on its maiden voyage from
and sometimes they
Southampton in Great Britain to New York.
become one word,
f While the passengers in the lifeboats were desperately trying to (bathroom).
survive the freezing temperatures, the nearest ship, the Carpathia,
had answered Titanic’s call for help and was heading Vocabulary
at full speed to rescue them. It took the Carpathia four telegram: a written message sent over
hours to reach the place where the ship had sunk. a long distance using radio waves that
was used before the Internet and email

Unit 10 Lessons 1–2 163

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 2 Answer these questions. Use of English: Revision of
1 What was the Titanic? past tenses
2 When did it set sail on its maiden voyage? Remember the differences
3 Where was it sailing from and to? between the tenses used to talk
4 Why did the ship sink? about the past.
5 How long did it take for the Titanic to sink?
Which verb tense is used in
6 Why didn’t all the passengers manage to escape?
each sentence below? Use the
7 What was the Carpathia and what part did it play in
descriptions in the box to help you.
the story?
a In April 1912, the ship set sail
8 When did the world learn the truth about the Titanic?
on its maiden voyage.
Speaking b It was making good progress
across the Atlantic.
3 Work in pairs. Use the answers to the questions in c A telegram was sent saying
Activity 2 to tell the story of the Titanic in your own that the ship needed help.
words. Remember to use the correct past tense. d It took the Carpathia four
hours to reach the place
Writing where the ship had sunk.
e ‘We have struck an iceberg.’
4 Imagine you were on the Titanic when it sank, but
you survived. Tell the story of what happened to you. Past simple: for something that
Include in your story: happened at a particular time in
● when you set sail the past and is completed
● what the Titanic was like Present perfect: for something
● what you were doing when the ship hit the iceberg that started in the past and has a
● what happened next present result
● what it was like in the lifeboat
Past continuous: for something
● how long you had waited before you were rescued.
that was happening around a
particular time in the past
Past simple passive: when you
don’t know who did the action,
or when it isn’t important to
know who did it
We set sail from Past perfect simple: for
Southampton in April something that happened before
1912. The Titanic was… another event in the past

164 Unit 10 Lessons 1–2

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 10 Great expeditions

Lessons 3–4 Exploring the seas

Listening 36

1 Listen to this radio discussion. The topic is:

‘Exploring the wreck of the Titanic – is it right or
wrong?’ What do you think you’re going to hear?
Discuss your ideas as a class. Then listen and check.
2 Listen again and answer the
questions.
1 How would you summarise Joe’s
view, Tania’s view and Patrick’s
view about exploring the wreck and
bringing back objects from it?
Joe thinks that it’s all right to explore
the wreck because it brings the story
to life and helps you understand it.
2 What’s Patrick’s view on Adventure
Tourism and people visiting the
wreck?
3 What do Joe and Tania think about
the wedding that took place on the
deck of the Titanic?

Speaking
3 Work in groups. Continue the
radio discussion. One of you is
the presenter. Ask the guests
the question. They give their
own views.

What do you think about exploring

the wreck of the Titanic or any
wreck in which people died?

Unit 10 Lessons 3–4 165

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 Reading
4 Do you know what a navigator is?
The Lion of the Seas
Or a scholar?
1 Look at the dictionary entries to find out.
S hahabuddin Ahmed Ibn Majid was
one of the greatest and most famous of
all Arab navigators and scholars.
Ibn Majid was a man of action and thought.
navigate verb to use maps or other equipment to He was known as the ‘Lion of the Seas’
decide which way to go in a ship, plane or car because of his many expeditions during
navigation noun the movement of a ship or his early life. He was also a
plane along a planned path great writer. He
navigator noun someone whose job is to plan published nearly 40
the direction in which a ship, plane or car books, many of them
should travel poetry.
He was born in
Julfar, which is now
scholar noun someone who studies a subject and Ras al Khaimah, in
knows a lot about it the early 1430s. He
came from a family
of seamen and scholars. As a boy he studied
2 Why do you think navigation was important
Arabic literature along with navigation skills,
for travellers in the past?
geography and astronomy. By the time he
5 Read the first sentence of the text The Lion was 17 years old, Ibn Majid was navigating
of the Seas. What do you know already his own ship and had already memorised
about Ibn Majid? Share your knowledge the Qur’an.
with the class.
Ibn Majid spent many years exploring the
6 Read the text. Look for new information Arabian Sea, the Red Sea and the Indian
about the topic. Ocean, and kept careful notes about what he
learned. From 1460 until his death in 1500
1 In your opinion, what made Ibn Majid a
he recorded his experiences in a series of
famous Arab navigator and scholar?
books. In his book, Hawiya, he wrote 1082
2 Discuss your opinion with a partner.
verses of poetry about navigation. Another
Give examples from the text.
of his books is called Kitab al-Fawa’id and is a
detailed description of the coasts, harbours
and the wind and water movements that
seamen needed when navigating sailing
Reading strategy boats. It is one of the most important books
Before you read a text, always think about what on navigation that anyone has ever written
you already know about the topic. This will and was still used by sailors 350 years after
prepare you and help you understand the text. his death.

166 Unit 10 Lessons 3–4

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 10 Great expeditions

Lessons 5–6 The travels of Ibn Jubayr

Reading Name Ibn Jubayr al-Kinani
Place of birth
1 Read about Ibn Jubayr,
Dates of journey
a medieval traveller and
Places visited
writer. Complete the table.
Reasons why we 1 He started
remember him 2 He made
today 3 Historians

Ibn Jubayr was born in Valencia in Spain when it was part of the great Muslim
Empire of El Andalus. He made his Hajj, his pilgrimage to Mecca, from
February 1183 to April 1185 – travelling from Spain via Egypt, Arabia, Iraq,
Syria, the Kingdom of Jerusalem and Sicily – and wrote about his experiences.
The descriptions of the places he visited and the people he met are so clear and detailed that they are an
important source of information for historians even now. The maps he made of the places he travelled
through were also very good and some of the most accurate of those areas at that time. His way of
writing was copied by many people and it became a new *literary genre called a rihla. Ibn Jubayr’s own
rihla has been translated into many languages including English, French, Russian and German and it is
still an exciting travel adventure story today. *literary genre – type of writing

Listening
2 You are going to hear about Ibn Jubayr’s travels. Before you listen,
match these words with their definitions.

caravan adventurous lighthouse pilgrim volcano

1 a group of people who are travelling together for safety across the desert on camels
2 a mountain with a hole at the top through which fire, gas and hot liquid rock are forced out
3 prepared to try new or difficult things
4 tall building on the land but near the
sea which has a light at the top to warn Ibn Jubayr’s journey
ships of rocks and other dangers
5 a person who is making a journey for
religious reasons
3 37 Listen and follow the route of
Ibn Jubayr’s journey on the map.

4 Listen again and answer the

questions in the Workbook.

Unit 10 Lessons 5–6 167

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 Speaking Writing tip
5 Work with a partner. Discuss and A summary is a short account of something
make notes about the key points in that gives only the most important information.
Ibn Jubayr’s rihla in the table. To write a summary there are two stages:
1 Decide on the most important or ‘key’
● Use the map and the answers to the
information. Make notes: write one or two
activities 1–3 in the Workbook to help you.
words for each point.
2 Use these key words to compose the
sentences of your summary.

Places visited What he noticed / wrote about

Egypt

Arabia

Iraq

Syria

Sicily

Reasons why we remember Ibn Jubyar and still read his writing today

Writing
6 Write a brief summary of Ibn Jubayr’s rihla.
● Divide it into six sections: an introduction, a paragraph about each of the main stages of
his journey and a conclusion. (Stage 1 = from Spain across Egypt to Mecca, stage 2 = from
Mecca across Iraq and Syria to Acre in the Kingdom of Jeruselem, stage 3 = from Acre to
Sicily and the return back to Spain).
● Make a new paragraph for each section. Each paragraph should be no more than two
or three sentences. Don’t say everything about each place. Decide what the important
information is.
7 Work with a partner. Read each other’s summaries. Can you find ways to help
improve them?
168 Unit 10 Lessons 5–6

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 10 Great expeditions

Lesson 7 Space Listening 38

● What do you know about space exploration? 2 Listen to this discussion about
exploring space. Which of the
Speaking following statements is correct?
1 All the students are in favour of
1 Read the opinions. Which one do you agree with? space exploration.
2 The majority of the students are
in favour.
I think we should find out more about the planets in our solar 3 A minority of the students are in
system. I don’t think we’ll ever live on another planet. It’s interesting favour.
to know what they’re like, though.
3 Listen again and correct any
incorrect information in these
summaries of the students’
opinions.
I’m sure very large space stations will be built in the future. They’ll
1 Anna: We should keep on
be big enough for thousands of people to live on, which will be a
exploring space. One day people
good thing because soon there will be too many people for the earth.
will live on the moon.
Space stations could help us to explore other planets, as well, to see
2 Olivia: We should send people
if we could live there.
to all the planets in our solar
system, to find out more about
them.
3 Cristina: Space tourism will be
What’s the point of spending so much money on space exploration? really popular in the future.
It should be spent on solving problems on this planet. 4 Tammy: Criminals will be sent
to another planet or to a space
station instead of prison.
Language tip
5 Nicole: People will need to live
In spoken language: on other planets because the
• you can use though to mean however. Earth will get too hot, so we
It’s interesting to know what they’re like, though. won’t be able to live here.
• you can use as well to mean the same as also or too.
Speaking
Space stations could help us to explore other planets,
as well. 4 Work in groups. Discuss this
question: Should we continue
Both expressions usually go at the end of a clause or
to explore space?
sentence.

Unit 10 Lesson 7 169

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 Lessons 8–9 Space exploration: the past
and the future
Reading
1 The years 1961, 1969 and 1986 were all important in the history of space
exploration. Do you know what happened then? Read the text to check.

Space exploration – the achievements so far

1 4
The space age began in the 1940s when In 1986 the age of the space stations
the first rockets left the earth. However, it began. These allow astronauts to stay and
was 1961 when the first man went into work in space for long periods of time.
space. Scientists were able to start The International Space Station (ISS)
studying what happens to the body when continues to fly above our heads today with
there is no gravity. a team of scientists busy with research.
2 5
In 1966, the first spacecraft landed on the There is no doubt that we have learned a
moon and sent back photographs. This huge amount from our exploration
helped prepare for the first man to land and of space. However, it is
walk on the moon in 1969. Within a few expensive. The ISS cost
years, astronauts were walking in space and $100 billion to build.
driving around the moon in lunar rovers. This It then costs $82
all proved that space technology worked million for each
and allowed for more scientific research. astronaut to get to
the ISS and back.
3
So, the question
Since then there have been unmanned visits
people ask is:
to Mars, our nearest neighbour, and other
Should we continue
planets. All this builds up our knowledge of
to explore space?
the universe and our place in it.

2 Write a short heading for each of the five

paragraphs of the text. Vocabulary
3 The text has two key themes: the key events gravity: the force that makes something
and scientific benefits of space exploration. fall to the ground
unmanned: without any people
1 List the key events in space exploration. Give
planet: a very large object that moves
dates if they are mentioned.
around a sun, for example Earth or Mars
2 In the text, underline all the sentences about the
universe: space and everything in it
scientific benefits of space exploration.
(i.e. the stars, suns, planets)

170 Unit 10 Lessons 8–9

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 10 Great expeditions

Language tip
Use will to give information about the future or
to predict what we think or guess will happen.

Speaking • will is often shortened to ’ll

I don’t think we’ll ever live on another planet.
4 Look at the picture and read the • will not is often shortened to won’t
Language tip box. What do you think There won’t be enough room on Earth.
the picture illustrates?
• The passive of the will future is
will + be + past participle.
Writing I’m sure very large space stations will be built in
5 Complete these sentences to give your the future.
own predictions about space exploration. • Time phrases which indicate the future and
are often used with will include:
1 People will / won’t live ...
next week/month/year
2 Animals will / won’t be sent ...
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow
3 Water will / won’t be found ...
in an hour’s/a year’s/a few days’ time
4 Life will / won’t be discovered ...
later, eventually, one day
shortly, soon, right away

Unit 10 Lessons 8–9 171

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 Lessons 10–11 Is there life out there?
Reading
Vocabulary
1 Read the text about finding life in the solar system. Does the
Jupiter: a planet in our
writer (a) think there is life on other planets, (b) think there
solar system
isn’t life on other planets, or (c) not give an opinion?

Is there life out there?

Man has been to the moon – and may return. But where will we explore next? And can we
find life somewhere out there in the universe?

Life on Mars
Mars is an exciting possibility. No other planet in our solar system is more likely to have life.
And it’s close enough to get there in less than a year using modern technology.
For scientists, the main reason to go to Mars is simple: to look for life. Today, Mars is cold
and dry but we know that there was once water on its surface. That means there could have
been life there. And there might be water underground where life still survives.
The first landing on Mars was in 1976 and
there have been more since then. The Americans,
Europeans, Indians and Chinese are all sending
new expeditions in the next few years. Now the
UAE has joined the major space nations with their
Emirates Mars Mission, which departs in 2020.

Europa
The huge planets furthest away from the sun have
more than 160 moons. Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons, is particularly exciting. Below the ice
on its surface, there is a deep saltwater ocean. On Earth, where there is water there is life.
Future expeditions to Europa will discover if the same is true on this distant moon.

2 Read the text again and answer Speaking

the questions.
3 Discuss these questions in a group. Make notes
1 Which are the major space on your ideas and prepare to report back to the class.
nations according to the text?
● Do you think there is alien life?
2 Why do scientists think there
could be life on Mars and Europa? ● Where do you think we might find it? (In our solar
system or elsewhere in the universe?)
● What will alien life be like? (What will aliens look like?
How will they live?)
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 10 Great expeditions

● What is a report? What types of report are there? What should you put in a written report?

Speaking
4 Read the writing task in the box.
A report
Then, with a partner, discuss what you
think are the correct options for 1–4 in Write a short report on some of the scientific
the ‘How to write a report’ document benefits from space exploration in the past
below. Give reasons to justify your 60 years. Do you think it should continue or not?
choices.

How to write a report

1 A report should:
● use facts, for example Space scientists have
studied the effect of gravity on the human
body.
OR
● use opinions, for example I think floating
in space without gravity must be great fun.
2 A report should have an introduction
which:
● states the purpose, for example
The purpose of this report is … / This report
studies …
OR Scientific research on the
● explains the topic, for example Space International Space Station
exploration is travel to the moon and planets.
3 The main body (of several paragraphs)
should include: Writing
● headings, for example Unmanned
exploration 5 Work with a partner to plan your report.
OR 1 Write a brief introduction.
● speech, for example Scientists say, ‘This 2 Write headings for the main body of the report
research is important.’ (look again at the texts in lessons 9, 10 and 11
4 A report should end with a conclusion and the headings you wrote for Activity 2 on
which can give: page 171).
● a recommendation or suggestion, for
3 Discuss what your recommendations will
example I recommend/suggest that … be. Do you think space exploration should
continue? Or do you think it is too expensive
OR
and we should use the money for other things?
● a personal message to the reader, for
example I hoped you enjoyed this report. 6 Write your report.

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 Lesson 12 Talking about the future
Reading Use of English: Talking about the
future
1 Read the conversation with a partner.
Decide which of the following each speaker is Remember the different ways to talk
talking about. (One speaker mentions two.) about the future. Which verb tense or
structure is used in each sentence a–e?
a an arrangement c a prediction
Match them to the descriptions below.
b a plan d a possibility
a I think people will go into space
Did you know the UAE is sending a spacecraft to Mars in 2021? on holiday.
b There might be men on the moon
Adnan again soon.
Yes, they’re going to launch it in 2020.
c The International Space Station (ISS) is
Butti going to continue working for another
It’ll be really exciting and I’m sure it’ll be a huge success. ten years.
d Two of the scientists on the ISS are
Khalid
I’m sure it will, but it won’t be easy. returning to Earth next week.
e The Emirates Mars Mission departs
Hamad in 2020.
It might find life on Mars!
Present simple: for fixed plans or fixed
Nabeel arrangements (often with times or dates)
It could, but it probably won’t. Present continuous: for arrangements
(they are agreed so shouldn’t change)
Faisal
going to + verb: for plans (they will
Writing happen if all goes well)
2 Write sentences about the next week. will + verb: for prediction (something
What arrangements and plans do you have? we expect will happen)
Who will you see? Where might you go? may/might/could + verb: for
possibility (they possibly will happen)
a fixed plan (something present
you always do) simple
an arrangement you present
Speaking
have made continuous 3 Work with a partner. Ask and
going to + answer questions about next week.
a plan you have made
verb Some questions:
a prediction of what What’s happening next week?
will + verb
you will do/see What are you doing next week?
something you will may/might/ Are you going to see any friends?
possibly do could + verb
Will you do anything exciting?
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 Unit

11 ●
Sports and hobbies
Topics Sports and sports equipment; sporting ability; hobbies
● Use of English Compound nouns; abstract nouns; present
perfect continuous

goggles
skiing
Lessons 1–2 Sport for all
● Why do people do sport? ice-skating
poles
Is international sport important?

skies
Speaking
1 Play this vocabulary game athletics UK,
track and field US
with a partner. Take it in
turns to define and describe skates
javelin
a sports player or an item
of sports equipment in the ice hockey
pictures on this page and running

the next page. Your partner

has to guess the word.
high jump
A: You need these when you’re puck
riding a horse. You hold
them in your hands and camel racing
they help you to control rollerblading
the horse.
elbow pads
B: Reins.
A: Yes, that’s right. Your turn.

Vocabulary horse riding UK

horseback riding US
2 Play Kim’s Game with a snowboarding
roller blades/in-line skates
rider
partner. Look at the pictures
on these pages for 30 saddle
seconds. Then close your skateboarding
books. Can you remember reins
snowboard
all the words associated
with each sport? Make a list. swimming
Horse riding lane kneepads
rider, reins, saddle skateboard

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 Listening 39 football UK golf
soccer US
cup club
3 Listen to the commentaries. referee goalkeeper

Identify the ten different sports caddy

and write the names in your
notebook.
goal
1 cricket
American football UK
Use of English: Compound nouns football US
A compound noun is a noun with rugby
helmet
another noun, an adjective or a verb goal
post
before it, for example, ice hockey.

4 Answer the questions.

1 How many compound nouns can
you find in the pictures?
2 Are there any which have an basketball
adjective as the first word? cricket
3 How do you express these bowler
basket
compound nouns in your language?
batsman stumps

Speaking
5 Work in pairs. Ask and answer
the questions in the quiz below.

A question of sport baseball

volleyball

pitcher
1 What does a football referee do? batter
He makes sure the players follow
the rules. glove/ net
2 What does a goalkeeper do? mitt
3 What does a golf caddy do?
4 In baseball, who throws the ball and who
hits it? cycling helmet
5 In cricket, who throws the ball and who tennis
bicycle racket
hits it?
net
6 In basketball, how do you score points?
7 Why is there a net on a tennis court?
8 Why are there stumps on a cricket pitch?

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 11 Sports and hobbies

Lessons 3–4 At the top of their game

● What do you need to be a top athlete or sportsperson?

Did you know?

Reading
There are seven events in the heptathlon.
1 Who are the sportspeople mentioned in The women’s heptathlon became an
this article? Were they interested in Olympic sport in 1984. It consists of:
sport from an early age? ● 100 metres ● 200 metres
hurdles ● long jump
● high jump ● javelin
● shot put ● 800 metres.
The word heptathlon comes from two Greek
Top qualities words: hepta meaning ‘seven’ and athlon meaning
‘contest’. So it’s a contest of seven events.
What are a triathlon, a pentathlon and a decathlon?
Jessica Ennis-Hill was introduced to athletics
at the age of ten, when her parents took her
to a training event at a local stadium during
the summer holidays. Her coach, whom she
met at that first event, said that she was one
of the most talented young athletes he
had ever seen. She had strength, agility,
coordination and speed but above all,
determination. She’s now an Olympic
athlete who competes in the heptathlon.

Table tennis requires quick reactions, excellent

hand–eye coordination and good powers of
concentration. Together with competitiveness and steely
determination, they have made Li Xiaoxia one of the
best table tennis players in the world and have brought
her success in the Olympics. ‘I’m very excited,’ Li said,
when she won a gold medal. ‘This has been my dream
since being a little girl. I dreamed of being an Olympic
Champion. ’ Li wasn’t the favourite to win the event
because her opponent, Ning Ding, had won the
World Championship. After the final game, Li said
‘I was determined to win and I didn’t back down’.

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 Vocabulary Reading
2 Find the abstract nouns in the article to 5 Look at the article again and write
complete this table. questions for these answers.
1 Q: How old was Jessica Ennis-Hill when she
Adjective Noun
went to her first athletics event?
strong
A: She was ten.
agile 2 Q:
coordinated A: He said that she was one of the most
determined talented young athletes he had ever seen.
competitive 3 Q:
A: Quick reactions, excellent hand–eye
co-ordination and good powers of
Use of English: Abstract nouns concentration.
We usually use abstract nouns without the or 4 Q:
a/an. A: She’s one of the best table tennis players
She had strength, agility, coordination and speed. in the world.
However, when you make an abstract noun
5 Q:
A: She had dreamed of being an Olympic
specific rather than general, you use the or a/an.
champion.
She had the strength of someone twice her size.
Speaking
3 Complete these sentences with the 6 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
abstract nouns from Activity 2.
1 What are the qualities you need to be a top
1 Competitiveness is a quality of people for athlete?
whom winning is very important.
Strength, agility, ...
2 If you can lift a very heavy weight, you have
2 Which do you think is the most important
great .
of these?
3 If you play a racket sport, you need good
3 Are some qualities needed for some sports
hand–eye .
more than others? Give examples.
4 If you try very hard to do something difficult,
4 Think of sportsmen and sportswomen you
you have great .
admire. What are the qualities or other
5 If you can move your whole body easily and
factors that have made them successful?
quickly, you have great .
4 Here are three more abstract nouns Language tip
from the article. Write sentences to To form wh- questions:
show what they mean. • The question word or phrase comes first.
1 speed • The auxiliary verb comes second.
2 concentration • The subject comes third and the main verb is last.
3 success What is she / are they doing?
What has she / have you / had they done?

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 11 Sports and hobbies
Did you know?
Lessons 5–6 Sports of today There is a well-known saying in
English ‘It doesn’t matter if you win
Speaking or lose, it’s how you play the game’.

1 Discuss the statements with a partner and guess if they are true (T) or false (F).
1 There were more than ten sports in the Ancient Greek Olympic Games.
2 There were no winter sports in the Ancient Greek Olympic Games.
3 Everyone agrees that all modern day sports can be called sports.
4 Hawk-eye is a kind of animal.
5 Everyone agrees that using technology in sports is a good thing.
6 Technology means that the correct decisions are made in a game.

Reading
2 Read the text and check your answers to Activity 1.

There are many different sports and sporting events for everyone
nowadays. We have sports played on ice and snow, in and out of the
water, in mountains and in deserts. We even have indoor and outdoor
sports. But not all these sports existed in the past. For example, in the
Ancient Greek Olympics there were only ten sports. In the modern day
Olympics there are many more sports like gymnastics, volleyball and, of Language tip
course, all the winter sports, which didn’t exist in Ancient Greece.
We use the verbs play, do and
Some people say that some of today’s sports aren’t really sports at all, like
go with sports and activities.
golf or bowling. The modern world of sports is continually changing and the
use of technology has changed the way we play and watch our favourite games. Play is used with ball sports
For example, ‘hawk-eye’ is the name of a computer and camera system which or games where we play
follows a ball and is used in international cricket and tennis. Some say that against another person:
technology can slow down the game, but, on the other hand, spectators and I play football with my friends.
players can be sure that decisions are fair.
Would you like to play cards
with me?
3 Which sports are mentioned in the text? Do you think that
Do is used for a non-team
all of them can be called sports?
sport that does not use a ball:
I do yoga after school.
Vocabulary
Go is used with sports that
4 Write the sports from the box in the correct column. end -ing:

tennis badminton snowboarding judo archery Let’s go horse riding on the

volleyball golf gymnastics ice hockey cycling beach!

PLAY DO GO

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 ● What modern day sports do you know?
● Can you name the equipment used in these sports?
● Which of these sports are played in the UAE?

Reading
5 Work in groups of three. Each choose ONE of the three texts to read and cover the other two.
1 Complete the table below with information about your text.
2 Ask and answer questions with your partners to complete the rest of the table with information
from their texts.
3 Can your partners guess which picture your text describes?

Text 1: Flyboarding Text 2: Bossaball Text 3: Sandboarding

This sport has its name because you This is a ball game between two teams This sport is similar to snowboarding,
actually fly through the air. It is also which mixes volleyball, football and except you do this in the desert instead
known as hydroflying (from the Greek gymnastics into one sport. You play on of in the mountains. You ride across
word for ‘water’). A flyboard rider stands a bouncy trampoline court on the beach or down a sand dune while standing
on a board with a long hose. Water is and it has the same rules as volleyball, with both feet on a special board. The
pushed through the hose so the rider except you can use your feet. The most difficult part is probably getting
can fly up to 15 metres in the air or sport was created by a Belgian living to the top of the sand dune, so most
to dive as deep as 2.5 metres. You in Spain in 2002, but it is now played riders take a dune buggy or a quad. No
don’t even need to be able to swim, so in various countries in Europe, Latin one really knows when the sport was
anyone can try this sport! Flyboarding America and the Middle East. This sport invented, but it is becoming more and
was invented in France in 2012 and was first launched in UAE in 2009 and more popular in the UAE because it’s
was brought to the UAE just one year the country has hosted international free, easy and you can do it whenever
later. There are even competitions with tournaments with delegations from you want. Many people do this sport
participants jumping in and out of the around the world since then. just to enjoy the beautiful views of the
water like dolphins! desert while floating on sand. Others
like to compete and race down the
dunes at top speed to be the winners!

Text 1 Text 2 Text 3

What’s the name of the sport?
Where do you do/play the sport?
What equipment do you need?
When was it introduced in the UAE?
Any other information?

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 11 Sports and hobbies

Lesson 7 An extraordinary athlete

● What personal qualities do you need to have to be a top athlete or sportsperson?

Reading
1 Complete Alana’s profile by matching the headings in the box to the
information in the table below.

Sports First Paralympic Games Country Special achievement Gender

Disability Year of birth Place of birth Gold medals Personal motto
Training regime Personal qualities Started these sports Injuries

Alana Nichols
Sports Basketball, skiing, surfing, kayaking
USA
Female
1983
Farmington, New Mexico
Paralaysed from the waist down after breaking her back in a snowboarding
accident aged 17
Speed-loving, hard-working, fearless
Athens Summer Olympics, 2004 (reserve player on basketball team)
Basketball in 2002 at the University of Arizona
Skiing in 2008 after watching the winter Paralympics
Surfing and kayaking in 2014 on holiday in Hawaii
At least four hours per day, usually beginning with two hours’ kayaking at
6.00 am
Gold medal in basketball at the 2008 Paralympic Games in Beijing, two
gold medals in skiing in the Vancouver 2010 Paralympics
Many injuries, including breaking both ankles and dislocating a shoulder
First American woman to win gold medals in both the summer and winter
Olympic Games
‘Do what you can with what you have, where you’re at.’

Speaking Speaking tip

When asking questions, it is very important to remember that
2 Ask and answer questions the word order changes in a question form. You may also need
about Alana Nichols using to use auxiliary (helping) verbs, like am, is, are, have or has, as
the information in the table. well as a main verb, depending on the tense of the sentence.

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 Lessons 8–9 The Arab adventurer
Did you know?
Reading Nabil Al Busaidi has broken
several world records,
1 Read the text and complete the table with details
including becoming the
of Nabil Al Busaidi’s six main expeditions.
first Arab to walk to the

Nabil Al Busaidi – the Arab Adventurer North Pole and the first
Arab to row across the
Nabil ‘Nabs’ Al Busaidi is someone who made his hobby his Atlantic. He is sometimes
career when he decided to swap his career in management to called ‘the Sultan of Snow’
follow his passion and become a full-time adventurer. because many of his
In April 2009, he became the first Arab to walk to the magnetic adventures have been in
North Pole, pulling a sledge weighing up to 50 kg, for 650 km, in the Arctic and Antarctic.
temperatures as low as minus 40 ºC. In August 2009, he pushed
his friend in a wheelchair 1,450 km from the very south to
the very north of the UK to raise money for charity. They
did it in eight and a half days. Later that year, in December,
he climbed Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa with his brother;
then he travelled to the Antarctic to climb Mount Vinson,
the highest mountain there. In April 2010, he broke both
ankles while trying to become the first Omani to climb
Mount Everest. In March 2011, he became the first Arab to
row across an ocean when his team on the Britannia III
crossed 4,600 km across the Atlantic in 43 days.

Expedition When What Where Details

One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six

Speaking
2 Work with a partner. Ask and answer these questions.
● What do you think about Nabil Al Busaidi’s achievements?
● How would you describe his character?
● Do you think he is a good role model?
● Would you like to have similar adventures? Why / Why not?
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 11 Sports and hobbies

Listening 41

3 Listen to the interview

with Nabil Al Busaidi and
complete the questions. Did you know?
1 Where did you get ... Throughout his journey to
2 Why did you decide ... the North Pole, Nabil Al
3 How do you choose ... Busaidi kept a daily diary
4 How much time do you spend ... in which he recorded his
5 What have been ... feelings and experiences.
6 Do you have ... You can read it on his
website:
4 Listen again and write notes on the answers
www.arabadventurer.com
to the questions. Compare your ideas with
a partner and compose a one-sentence
answer for each question. Writing tip
When writing a diary,
Speaking there are several things to
remember:
5 Discuss the following questions in groups. • Start with events that
● Have you ever thought about going on an happened early in the
expedition or trying to break a world record? day and finish with
● What kind of adventure would you choose to events that took place in
do and what record would you try to break? the evening.
● What kind of training and preparation would • Use the pronouns I, me,
you need to do? we and us, to make you
● What do you think might be the best and worst feel part of the story.
experiences on this adventure? • Write details, but
only those that are
interesting to you – it is
your diary!
• Describe your feelings
and explain why you
felt this way.

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 Lessons 1 –1 What are your hobbies?
● What is a hobby? Why do people have hobbies?

Reading
1 Read what these 12-
and 13-year-olds say
about their hobbies.
Do any of them have
the same hobbies
as you?

1 6
My hobbies are photography I kick a stick down the street 10 I love to write. I do it all
and trampolining. whenever I see one. It’s not a
the time. I keep talking to my
hobby, but I just enjoy doing it.
friends and family about my
And I make model planes, as well.
2 stories, and they’re starting
I LOVE karate! to get a bit bored!
7 I collect coins. I have loads of
foreign ones.
3 I love horse riding. I go riding every
11
Saturday morning and it’s the best I collected shells
moment in my week. I also love when I was younger,
8 I don’t do any sports. I love
reading – and not only books but I threw them
juggling. I just can’t stop doing it.
about horses! out a long time ago.
I sometimes juggle in maths,
Now I collect beads,
with pencil sharpeners!
4 jewellery and
I love doing judo at my posters.
local club. I’ve been doing 9 I like to draw. I draw things I see
it for seven years and I’m on TV and in magazines. I collect 12 My hobby is
now a black belt. leaves from trees, too. I like to make acting. I’ve been
5 bookmarks from them. acting since I
I collect sweets – and then eat them! I
was two.
also collect pencil cases. In total, I have
about 50. I just love collecting them.

Vocabulary
2 Work with a partner. Make lists of the hobbies in Activity 1 under the following headings:
● Sports / martial arts ● Performing
● Collecting things ● Art and other creative activities
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 11 Sports and hobbies

3 Make true sentences about the children interviewed in

Activity 1 and their hobbies.
1 All of them a collect things.
2 A third of them b collects stamps.
3 A quarter of them c do sports/martial arts.
4 Two of them d enjoys art.
5 One of them e have at least one hobby.
6 None of them f make things.
4 Write a web forum post about your hobbies.
Use of English: Present
1 What are your hobbies?
perfect continuous
2 How long have you been doing them?
Use the present perfect
continuous to talk about actions
Speaking
continuing up to now, especially
5 Work with a partner. Ask and answer these questions. with for and since to say how long
1 Does anyone in Activity 1 say anything that you they have lasted.
find funny? have + been + verb + -ing

2 Which of the hobbies mentioned in Activity 1 do you

find unusual? I love judo. I’ve been doing it for
3 Which of the hobbies in Activity 1 did you do when you seven years.
were younger? I’ve been acting since I was two.
4 Which of the hobbies in Activity 1 would you like to do?

Writing
6 Your school wants some ideas for after-school clubs where students
can try some new hobbies. With a partner, decide on an activity for
an after-school club.
Design and write a flyer
for the activity.

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 Lesson 1 Backgammon Did you know?
Backgammon is known as tavla
Reading in Turkey and tavli in Greece. In the
Arab world it is sometimes called
1 Match the paragraphs with the headings below. sheesh beesh or tawlet in nard.
● Rules ● History ● Description

Fact File: Backgammon

1
The game of backgammon is
a familiar sight in coffee shops
across the Arab world. You will easily
recognise it from the wooden box laid out with triangles and its thirty black and white
pieces called ‘checkers’. It is one of the oldest board games in the world and it is thought
that it probably started in Iraq around 5,000 years ago.

2
Pictures and documents from ancient times have been found which show that the
Romans, the Ancient Greeks and the Ancient Egyptians played a version of backgammon.
People in Iraq have even discovered a pair of ancient dice made from human bone!
The rules of the game have changed over time and so have the materials that it is made
from. In modern times the pieces are made from wood or plastic, not bone!

3
There are different ways to play backgammon. In the simplest version, each player takes
15 checkers of the same colour: you put half on your side of the board, the other half on
the opposite side. You then take turns to throw the dice and move your checkers across the
board: the aim is to move all your checkers to your side of the board (and stop your partner
doing so). Once your checkers are all in place, you may take them off the board
by throwing certain numbers on the dice. The first player who takes all their checkers off
the board wins the game.

Speaking Reading strategy

2 Ask and answer with your partner. When reading instructions,
● Describe what the board game looks like. remember they are step-by-step.
● What pieces do you need to play? Look for sequencing words like
● What is the aim of the game? (What do you need to do to win?) first, then, next and finally to
help you identify each step in
● Where is this game popular in modern times?
the correct order.
● How do we know about the game’s history?
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 Audioscript
Unit 10
ship went down, so the ship is really his grave, along with all
‘ the other people who lost their lives. It’s not right to disturb
the wreck.
Track 35
Presenter: Thank you, Tania, for calling in. That’s very
Titanic was the biggest, fastest and most luxurious liner of
interesting. We’ve now got someone from Canada on the line,
its time. In April 1912, the ship set sail on its maiden voyage
Patrick. Hello Patrick.
from Southampton in Great Britain to New York.
Patrick: While I understand what Tania said, I’m afraid I
It was making good progress across the Atlantic when, on
don’t agree. The objects that people bring back from the
the night of Sunday the 14th of April, five days after setting
Titanic can be put in museums and kept in good condition.
out, it hit an iceberg. A telegram was sent saying that the ship
Otherwise they would just disappear and be lost forever.
needed help.
Presenter: Thank you, Patrick. And what do you think about
The ship went down within three hours of hitting the iceberg.
Adventure Tourism – people going down in a submersible to
It sank nearly four kilometres to the bottom of the ocean.
see the wreck for themselves?
Some passengers managed to escape, but there weren’t
enough lifeboats to save everyone. Patrick: Well, I don’t think that’s necessary. I’ve heard about
a plan to fit the wreck with lights and digital cameras, so that
While the passengers in the lifeboats were desperately trying
you can do a virtual trip on your computer. I think that’s a
to survive the freezing temperatures, the nearest ship, the
good idea.
Carpathia, had answered Titanic’s call for help and was
heading at full speed to rescue them. It took the Carpathia Presenter: And could I come back to you, Joe and Tania?
four hours to reach the place where the ship had sunk. Two people recently went down in a submersible and had
their wedding on the deck of the Titanic. What do you think
On Tuesday, April 16th, the headlines in the newspaper read:
about that? Joe, first of all.
‘Titanic sunk, no lives lost’ and ‘All Titanic passengers are
safe’. Joe: Well, I suppose that’s OK, so long as it doesn’t do any
damage to the ship.
However, by the following morning, it was clear that
more than 1,500 people had died and that only about 700 Presenter: Tania?
passengers had survived. Tania: I think that’s terrible. Having a wedding on
somebody’s grave!
Presenter: We’ve got several people waiting to give their
Track 36
views, so we’ll come back after this.
Presenter: In 1985, a very exciting discovery was made. The
wreck of the Titanic, which had sunk in April 1912, was
found off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Then, in Track 37
1986, a three-person submersible went down to the wreck, 1
to explore it. Using a robot fitted with a camera, the team Narrator: Ibn Jubayr left Granada in Spain in February 1183.
took pictures of the inside of the ship. But that was all. They He was very happy to at last perform his Hajj to Mecca. He
didn’t take away any objects. However, since then there have travelled first to Africa to the Spanish port-city of Cueta near
been several expeditions which have brought back 6,000 Morocco; from there he took a boat and sailed to Alexandria
objects: china, jewellery, the ship’s bell, a whistle, silver, letters in Egypt. He stayed in Alexandria for several weeks because
and other personal belongings. The simple question is: is it he liked the city so much. He admired the giant lighthouse at
right to explore the wreck of the Titanic? Our first caller is the entrance to the port, the generous sultan who gave 2,000
Joe, from Washington DC. loaves of bread to the poor every day and the many, many
Joe: I think it’s a good idea to explore the wreck. mosques in the city, often four or five in the same street. He
Presenter: What about bringing back objects from the wreck? travelled on to Cairo, where he took a boat down the Nile
Joe: Yes, I think that’s fine. It brings the story to life. You to the town of Qus, and then travelled by camel to the coast
understand more about it by seeing these objects. to the Red Sea port of ‘Aydhab, the modern Egypt–Sudan
border. From ‘Aydhab, he sailed across the Red Sea to the
Presenter: Thanks, Joe. Now we’ve got Tania, from
port of Jeddah in Arabia, from where he continued on by
Southampton, England, which is where the Titanic sailed
camel again to finally arrive in Mecca in August.2
from.
Tania: I don’t agree at all with what Joe said. My great, great-
grandfather was a sailor on the Titanic. He died when the

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Narrator: After spending nine months in Mecca, Ibn Jubayr Teacher: Does anybody think that people will go into space
set out on his journey home. But he didn’t take a direct on holiday? There is already space tourism, people going into
route. He went first to the Arabian city of Medina. He was space just for the fun of it.
an adventurous traveller, who loved the Arab poetry he had Cristina: Yes, I think space tourism will be really popular in
learned as a boy about travelling in the desert. He wanted to the future. I’d love to go up into space in a rocket.
experience it for himself, so he joined a caravan of pilgrims
Teacher: What other possibilities are there for space
which was travelling north across the desert into Iraq and
exploration? Tammy, what do you think?
the city of Baghdad. Crossing the desert was dangerous
because there were groups of thieves who often attacked Tammy: I think one day criminals will be sent to another
travellers on the important trade routes, but Ibn Jubayr’s planet or to a space station, rather than to a prison here.
caravan arrived safely in Baghdad. He wrote that he thought Cristina: What?! That’s a crazy idea.
the city was beautiful but the people proud and cold. He Tammy: Why? Two hundred years ago criminals were sent to
continued to travel through Iraq to the city of Mosul before Australia in prison ships. What’s the difference?
turning west towards Syria. In Syria he visited Aleppo and
Teacher: Well, that’s an interesting idea, Tammy. Nicole,
then Damascus, where he stayed for two months. He thought
what do you think is the most important reason for exploring
the city was ‘like paradise’, very beautiful and full of the
space?
friendliest people he had ever met.
Nicole: Well, I think that we will have to find other places to
3
live in the solar system because there won’t be enough room
Narrator: The last part of Ibn Jubayr’s journey was the on Earth.
most dangerous. From Damascus, he travelled to the
Mediterranean port of Acre. He didn’t stay long and got
on a ship to sail home. However, it was a difficult journey:
first the ship was in danger from pirates and then there
were such terrible storms at sea that the ship sunk and Ibn
Unit 11
Track 39
Jubayr nearly died. Luckily, he managed to get to land in
Narrator: 1
Sicily where he stayed for four months, travelling to Messina
and Palermo. Palermo was another city he found very rich Male commentator: That was an amazing ball from Monty
and beautiful with wonderful gardens. He spent time with Panesar. The batsman missed it altogether and it hit the
the Muslim community and wrote about the problems that stumps. So he’s out first ball. Incredible!
they had, which made him sad, particularly because they
were kind to him and helped him a lot. He also wrote about Narrator: 2
the terrifying live volcanoes, ‘the mountains of fire’ he saw Female commentator: Murray comes into the net with his
in Sicily, such as Stromboli. After his four-month visit, racket held high for a smash … Oh no, it’s out!
Ibn Jubyar left Sicily by boat and finally arrived home in
Cartagena in Spain in April 1185. Umpire: Love fifteen.

Narrator: 3
Track 38 Male commentator: Number 10 has kicked the ball right
Teacher: In our last lesson we learned about the planets in between the posts. That’s an amazing drop kick. That’s 3
our solar system. Today we’re going to talk about space points to the All Blacks.
exploration. What’s your opinion on exploring space, Anna?
Anna: I think we should keep on exploring space. We’ve Narrator: 4
already seen what Mars is like and I’m sure one day, people
will live on Mars. Perhaps there’s life there already! Female commentator: The ball has gone high over the net and
yes, it’s a point for the home team.
Teacher: What do you think, Olivia?
Olivia: I think we should send robots to all the planets in our
solar system, to find out more about them. Narrator: 5
Anna: Why not send people instead of robots? Male commentator: He’s won the Championship for the third
time in a row. He’s holding the cup in one hand and the club
Olivia: Well, because it’s dangerous, so it’s better to send he used for the winning shot. Even the caddy is smiling.
robots.

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Narrator: 6 Man: It’s the UAE rider, Yousif Mirza, out in front – he’s the
Male commentator: The goalkeeper reaches for the ball and it one in the red helmet. He’s riding a specially designed bicycle,
goes into the top corner of the net. Is it a goal? The referee’s very light, and he’s managing a good speed, ahead of the
blown his whistle. It was a dangerous tackle. So that’s a other cyclists.
penalty.
Track 41
Narrator: 7
Interviewer: Where did you get...?
Male commentator: The batter’s hit the ball. It’s gone high …
but the pitcher’s caught it in his glove. So he’s out. Speaker: I was thinking of climbing Mount Everest so I
asked a friend who had done big expeditions for some advice.
He said that Everest had been done by so many people, and
Narrator: 8 many Arabs had done it. Very few people had walked to
Male commentator: The cornerback has stopped the ball a pole, and no Arab had done it. If I was the first Arab, I
from reaching the goalpost and he’s now running up the field would always have that record. If I was fastest, or youngest,
with it. He’s passed the ball to the quarterback and now he’s or oldest, someone could come after me and break my
taking his helmet off. It looks as if he’s got a problem … so record, but if I was the first Arab, no one could break my
there’s going to be a substitution. record.

Interviewer: Why did you decide...?

Narrator: 9
Speaker: I didn’t decide to become a full time adventurer. It
Female commentator: The ball’s hit the backboard and yes, happened by accident. After walking to the magnetic North
it’s another basket for the Spanish team. Pole, I kept being asked to do new adventures, and it seemed
that eventually it became a full-time job!
Narrator: 10
Interviewer: How do you choose...?
Male commentator: It’s the Colombian rider in front at the
Speaker: At first, I had only planned on going to the North
moment, wearing a blue helmet. He’s riding a specially-
Pole, and one of the important reasons for doing that was
designed titanium bicycle and he’s looking really good.
to be the first Arab. Since then, I have been offered or seen
many expeditions, but being the first Arab to do something is
always a big reason.
Track 40
Man: Both players enter on court. It’s Murray’s turn to serve Interviewer: How much time do you spend...?
first. He slams the ball hard with his racket but oh no, it’s Speaker: I have been playing sports since I was at school, so
straight into the net. He takes another ball from his pocket in a way, I have been training all my life. Preparations start as
and serves again. This time it’s in. His opponent is really soon as I have decided to go on an expedition. I start training
having to run across the court to reach it … more specifically for the challenge, and I start getting my
Woman: The competitors are finding their places at the side equipment and clothing ready as soon as possible, and start
of the pool. Mubarak Salem Al Besher, the UAE swimmer, is testing and checking everything is ready to go.
in lane 5. They take their positions and prepare to dive. And
there’s the signal and they’re off! Interviewer: What have been...?
Man: It’s nearly the end of the match, only five minutes to go Speaker: The hardest expedition was definitely rowing across
and the UAE team really need to score at this stage if they the Atlantic, it was several times worse than walking to the
are to secure a place in the final. UAE player kicks the ball magnetic North Pole. That was the worst part. The best
to UAE player – what a great pass – and, oh oh, it’s in! It’s a part was, before I went to the North Pole, I went to talk to
goal! The UAE team have done it! They’ve beaten Qatar and a school. The day I got back to Bahrain, I was asked to visit
they’re through to the cup final! the school again, and when I arrived, they surprised me with
a big reception with all the kids cheering. It was such a great
Woman: And here’s Thuraya al Zaabi, of the UAE, getting
end to my adventure.
herself into position. She has been handed the javelin and
she’s preparing to throw. She will be trying to beat her Interviewer: Do you have...?
personal record of 15.66m today.
Speaker: My best advice, in the smallest sentence, is this:
dream big and work hard!

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 Audioscript

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 Wordlists

Wordlists
Unit 10 Unit 11
alien noun agility noun
astronaut noun archery noun
astronomy noun athletics noun
coast noun backboard noun
explore verb badminton noun
explorer / exploration noun batsman noun
float verb beads noun
gravity noun black belt noun
harbour noun bossaball noun
iceberg noun bowler noun
lifeboat noun bronze noun
navigate verb challenge noun
navigator / navigation noun compete noun
planet noun compete verb
scholar noun competition noun
sink (sank, sunk) verb competitor noun
solar system noun competitiveness noun
strike (struck, struck) verb concentration noun
submersible noun coordination noun
survive verb cycling noun
wreck noun delegation noun
delegation noun
Expressions determination noun
maiden voyage equipment noun
to set sail elbow pads noun
flyboard/flyboarding noun
football/soccer noun
glove/mitt noun
goal noun
goalkeeper noun
goal post noun
goggles noun
gold noun
golf noun

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 Wordlists

gymnastics noun speed noun

helmet noun stamps noun
high jump noun tennis noun
hobby noun trampolining noun
horse riding noun volleyball noun
hurdles noun winner noun
ice hockey noun
ice-skating noun Phrase list
javelin noun to be impaired
jewellery noun to be paralysed
judo noun to be recognised (for something)
juggling noun to feel passionate (about something)
knee pads noun to follow your passion
lane noun to host an event
long jump noun to look up to (someone)
medal noun to never give up
model planes noun to set goals
net noun personal motto
participant noun special achievement
pitcher noun training regime
pole noun word of advice
puck noun
racket noun
referee noun
reins noun
rider noun
rollerblades, rollerblading noun
saddle noun
sandboard/sandboarding noun
shot put noun
skateboard, skateboarding noun
skates noun
skiing, skis noun
stumps noun
snowboard, snowboarding noun

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 Wordlists

190 Wordlists

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 Wordlists

Example texts
Report
Unit 10, page 174

The benefits of space exploration

The purpose of this report is to tell you some of the scientific benefits
from space exploration in the past 60 years.
The history of space exploration
People have been fascinated by the sky for thousands of years. In the
last century technology has developed enough for people to start
exploring and studying space. The first rockets were sent into space
in the 1940s. Scientists started to study the effects of gravity in 1961
when the first man travelled into space. Within a few years, astronauts
were able to visit the moon. They could walk on the moon and drive
in lunar rovers.
Unmanned exploration
Spacecraft that can work without any people have been sent to Mars
and other planets. They have taken photographs and sent them
back to Earth. They can travel to planets that are too far away or too
dangerous for people to travel to. This has helped us to learn a lot
about the universe.
Space stations
In 1986 space stations such as the International Space Station (ISS)
were created. Space stations allow astronauts and scientists to stay in
space for long periods of time. They can do lots of research to help us
learn even more about space.
The cost of space exploration
Some people think that we shouldn’t keep sending astronauts
into space. The problem is that space exploration is very expensive.
The International Space Station cost $100 billion to build. It costs
$82million to send each astronaut into space. However, there is still
a huge amount of space to explore and learn about. Some people
believe that there could be life on Mars.
I recommend that we should keep learning about space. Although
it is expensive, different countries could work together to share the
cost. I suggest that it is important for people to learn more about the
universe we live in. Maybe one day scientists will discover life on
another planet.

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 Example texts

Flyer
Unit 11, page 192

NEW AFTER-SCHOOL CLUB STARTS THIS TUESDAY

SCHOOL MAGAZINE CLUB!

part of a team that produces a termly school magazine?
Do you want to be try?
Why not come along and give it a

When? Where? Why join?

Every Tuesday In the English • You will make new friends
after school department • You will learn journalism skills
• You will be creative
• You will have fun
• You will contribute to school life

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 Wordlists

Use of English

Unit 10, page 164 Unit 10, page 175

Use of English: Revision of past tenses Use of English: Talking about the future
Remember the differences between the tenses Remember the different ways to talk about the
used to talk about the past. future.
Past simple: for something that happened at Present simple: for fixed plans or fixed
a particular time in the past and is completed arrangements (often with times or dates)

Present perfect: for something that started Present continuous: for arrangements (they
in the past and has a present result are agreed so shouldn’t change)

Past continuous: for something that was going to + verb: for plans (they will happen if
happening around a particular time in all goes well)
the past will + verb: for prediction (something we
expect will happen)
Past simple passive: when you don’t
know who did the action, or when it isn’t may/might/could + verb: for possibility
important to know who did it (they possibly will happen)

Past perfect simple: for something that

happened before another event in the past

Unit 11, page 182 Unit 11, page 184

Use of English: Compound nouns Use of English: Abstract nouns

A compound noun is a noun with another We usually use abstract nouns without the or
noun, an adjective or a verb before it, e.g. ice a / an.
hockey. She had strength, agility, co-ordination and speed.
However, when you make an abstract noun
specific rather than general, you use the or a/an.
She had the strength of someone twice her size.

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 Use of English

Unit 11, page 192 Unit 12, page 200

Use of English: Present perfect Use of English: Phrasal verbs

continuous Phrasal verbs are made up of two or more
Use the present perfect continuous to talk words, for example, take up, go out.
about actions continuing up to now, especially They are used a lot in English. Try to learn a few
with for and since to say how long they have at a time in the context of a particular topic.
lasted.

have + been + verb + -ing

I love judo. I’ve been doing it for seven years.

I’ve been acting since I was two.

Unit 12, page 207 Unit 12, page 208

Use of English: Position of adverbs Use of English: Collocations

These adverbs go before main verbs but after Collocations are words that usually go together,
the verb be and auxiliary verbs/modals, for For example, verb + noun: have access to
example, have, will, can, must, should.
noun + noun: film studies
• adverbs of frequency: always, often, usually,
adjective + noun: high marks
normally, sometimes, never
• adverbs of certainty: certainly, definitely,
probably
• other adverbs: already, also, only, just, still, even

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 Wordlists

Language tips
Coursebook
Unit 10, page 163 Unit 10, page 170

Language tip Language tip

Compound nouns In spoken language:
are made up of two
• you can use though to mean however.
or more words,
usually noun + It’s interesting to know what they’re like, though.
noun or noun + • you can use as well to mean the same as also or too.
adjective. Sometimes Space stations could help us to explore other planets,
the two words are as well.
separate, (phone
Both expressions usually go at the end of a clause or
call), sometimes
sentence.
they are joined by a
hyphen, (twenty-two)
and sometimes they
become one word, Unit 10, page 172
(bathroom).
Language tip
Use will to give information about the future or
to predict what we think or guess will happen.
• will is often shortened to ’ll
I don’t think we’ll ever live on another planet.
• will not is often shortened to won’t
There won’t be enough room on Earth.
• The passive of the will future is
will + be + past participle.
I’m sure very large space stations will be built in
the future.
• Time phrases which indicate the future and
are often used with will include:
next week/month/year
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow
in an hour’s/a year’s/a few days’ time
later, eventually, one day
shortly, soon, right away

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 Language tips

Unit 11, page 184

Language tip
To form wh- questions:
• The question word or phrase comes first.
• The auxiliary verb comes second.
• The subject comes third and the main verb is last.
What is she / are they doing?
What has she / have you / had they done?

Unit 12, page 199

Language tip
Verb followed by the
-ing form
Use an -ing form after
these verbs:
enjoy don’t mind
You can also use an -ing
form after these verbs:
like love prefer
fancy hate can’t stop
dislike keep can’t stand

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 Language tips

Workbook
Unit 11, page 163

Language tip
for and since
Remember to use for when you give the length of time:
I’ve been playing table tennis for seven years.
You haven’t been horse riding for very long.
Use since when you give the start of a time:
He’s been playing table tennis since he was 5 years old.
They’ve been playing football since 10 o’clock this morning.

Unit 12, page 175

Language tip
In a sentence, adverbs of time,
frequency and probability go:
• before the main verb in a
sentence (except the verb be,
which they go after)
• between an auxiliary or modal
verb and the main verb.

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 Acknowledgements
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources
of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions
granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always
been possible to identify the sources of all the material used,
or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought
to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate
acknowledgements on reprinting.

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Alamy Stock Photo; p.164 Julia Dávila Lampe/Getty Images;
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