Scribd
Upload
1 views

Probability 01 : Unsolved Notes || Only PDF

The document contains a series of critical thinking questions (CTQs) related to probability, covering various scenarios such as selecting natural numbers, parking cars, and drawing marbles from an urn. Each question presents a unique probability problem along with multiple-choice answers. The document serves as a lecture material for a mathematics class focused on probability concepts.

Uploaded by

exhelldeveloper
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views

Probability 01 : Unsolved Notes || Only PDF

The document contains a series of critical thinking questions (CTQs) related to probability, covering various scenarios such as selecting natural numbers, parking cars, and drawing marbles from an urn. Each question presents a unique probability problem along with multiple-choice answers. The document serves as a lecture material for a mathematics class focused on probability concepts.

Uploaded by

exhelldeveloper
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

MATHEMATICS

PROBABILITY

Lecture - 01 SACHIN JAKHAR


Topics
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
CTQ-1

A natural number ‘𝒙’ chosen at random from the first 1000 natural
numbers. If [] denotes the greatest function, then the probability that
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝟑𝟏𝒙
+ + = is Ans: C
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑𝟎

𝟑𝟏
A
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟒
B
𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟑𝟑
C
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟔𝟕
D
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
CTQ-2

Three distinct numbers are selected from numbers {1, 2, 3, ……, 15}, then
the probability that their sum is a perfect cube of an integer is

𝟓 Ans: A
A
𝟗𝟏
𝟖
B
𝟗𝟏
𝟑𝟗
C
𝟒𝟓𝟓
𝟗
D
𝟗𝟏
CTQ-3

A man parks his car among '𝒏' cars standing in a row. His car not being
parked at an end. On his return he finds that exactly 𝒎 of the '𝒏' cars are
still there. What is the probability that both the cars parked on two sides
of his car have left.
Ans: D
(𝒏 − 𝒎)(𝒏 − 𝒎 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝒎 − 𝟐)
A
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐)
(𝒏 − 𝒎 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝒎 − 𝟐)
B
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)

𝒎(𝒎 − 𝟏)
C
𝒏(𝒏 − 𝟏)
(𝒏 − 𝒎)(𝒏 − 𝒎 − 𝟏)
D
(𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝒏 − 𝟐)
CTQ-4

An urn contains 20 white marbles, 30 blue marbles and 50 red marbles.


Ten marbles are selected, one at a time, with replacement. Then the
probability that at least one colour will be missing from the 10 selected
marbles is
Ans: B

A 𝟖𝟏𝟎 + 𝟕𝟏𝟎 + 𝟓𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝟏𝟎


𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎
𝟖𝟏𝟎 + 𝟕𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝟏𝟎
B
𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎
𝟕𝟏𝟎 + 𝟓𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝟏𝟎
C
𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎

D 𝟖𝟏𝟎 + 𝟕𝟏𝟎 + 𝟓𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏


𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎
C T Q – 5 (A) Paragraph for Qs. No. 5(A) to 5(B)

Let 𝑨 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, … … , 𝟐𝟓} and 𝑩 = {𝒙, 𝒚}, 𝑩 ⊂ 𝑨. Then


The probability that 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 is divisible by 7 is equal to
Ans: D
𝟕
A
𝟑𝟎
𝟕𝟏
B
𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟖
C
𝟕𝟓

D 𝟕𝟑
𝟑𝟎𝟎
C T Q – 5 (B) Paragraph for Qs. No. 5(A) to 5(B)

Let 𝑨 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, … … , 𝟐𝟓} and 𝑩 = {𝒙, 𝒚}, 𝑩 ⊂ 𝑨. Then


The probability that 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 is divisible by 5 is equal to
Ans: A
𝟏
A
𝟑

𝟏
B
𝟒
𝟏
C
𝟐

𝟏
D
𝟓
CTQ-6

𝒛−𝟏 𝛑
A complex number 𝒛 is moving on 𝐚𝐫𝐠 = . If the probability that
𝒛+𝟏 𝟐
𝒛𝟑 −𝟏 𝛑 𝒎
𝐚𝐫𝐠 = is where 𝒎, 𝒏 are relatively prime positive integers, then
𝒛𝟑 +𝟏 𝟐 𝒏
(𝒎 + 𝒏) is equal to
Ans: 05
C T Q – 7 (A) Paragraph for Qs. No. 7(A) to 7(C)

A cube having all of its sides painted is cut by two horizontal two vertical
and other two also vertical in other direction so as to form 27 equal
cubes. Of these cubes, a cube is randomly selected.
The probability that the cube selected has none of its side painted is
𝟐 Ans: D
A
𝟐𝟕
𝟏
B
𝟗

C 𝟎

𝟏
D
𝟐𝟕
C T Q – 7 (B) Paragraph for Qs. No. 7(A) to 7(C)

A cube having all of its sides pointed is cut by two horizontal two vertical
and other two also vertical in other direction so as to form 27 equal
cubes. Of these cubes, a cube is randomly selected.
The probability that the cube selected has two sides pointed is
𝟏 Ans: C
A
𝟐𝟕
𝟐
B
𝟗
𝟒
C
𝟗
𝟖
D
𝟐𝟕
C T Q – 7 (C) Paragraph for Qs. No. 7(A) to 7(C)

A cube having all of its sides pointed is cut by two horizontal two vertical
and other two also vertical in other direction so as to form 27 equal
cubes. Of these cubes, a cube is randomly selected.
The probability that the cube selected has only one side pointed is
𝟐 Ans: A
A
𝟗
𝟖
B
𝟐𝟕
𝟒
C
𝟗
𝟏
D
𝟗
C T Q - 08

Triangle is formed by joining the vertices of a cube.

Column-I Column-II
3
(A) Probability that the triangle is isosceles or equilateral is (P)
14
2
(B) Probability that the triangle is isosceles but not equilateral is (Q)
7
3
(C) Probability that the triangle is scalene is (R)
7
4
(D) Probability that the triangle is right angled is (S)
7
6
(T)
7

Ans: S, R, R, T
C T Q – 9 (A) Paragraph for Qs. No. 8(A) to 8(B)

An insect is initially at origin. In each step it moves to (𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝒚) or (𝒙; 𝒚 + 𝟏) if it


starts the step from (𝒙, 𝒚). Both moves are equally likely. Let 𝑷(𝛂, 𝛃) be the
probability that it reaches (𝛂, 𝛃) after 𝛂 + 𝛃 steps. Further 𝑷[(𝛂, 𝛃) ∣ (𝛄, 𝛅)] is the
probability that it reaches (𝛂, 𝛃) given that it has passed through (𝛄, 𝛅) {Note
𝛄 < 𝛂 and 𝛅 < 𝛃}
𝒄
𝑷(𝟐, 𝟑) = where 𝒄 and 𝒅 are relatively prime then-
𝒅
Ans: A, D
A c=5

B c=1

C d=8

D d = 16
C T Q – 9 (B) Paragraph for Qs. No. 8(A) to 8(B)

An insect is initially at origin. In each step it moves to (𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝒚) or (𝒙; 𝒚 + 𝟏) if it


starts the step from (𝒙, 𝒚). Both moves are equally likely. Let 𝑷(𝛂, 𝛃) be the
probability that it reaches (𝛂, 𝛃) after 𝛂 + 𝛃 steps. Further 𝑷[(𝛂, 𝛃) ∣ (𝛄, 𝛅)] is the
probability that it reaches (𝛂, 𝛃) given that it has passed through (𝛄, 𝛅) {Note
𝛄 < 𝛂 and 𝛅 < 𝛃}
𝒓
𝑷[(𝟔, 𝟔)|(𝟐, 𝟑)] = where 𝒓 and 𝒔 are relatively prime then-
𝒔
Ans: B, C
A r = 28

B r = 35

C s = 128

D s = 256
C T Q – 10 (A) Paragraph for Qs. No. 9(A) to 9(C)

A is a set containing 10 elements. A subset 𝑷𝟏 of 𝑨 is chosen and the set 𝑨


is reconstructed by replacing the elements of 𝑷𝟏 . A subset 𝑷𝟐 of 𝑨 is
chosen and again the set 𝑨 is reconstructed by replacing the elements of
𝑷𝟐 . This process is continued by choosing subsets 𝑷𝟏 , 𝑷𝟐 , … 𝑷𝟏𝟎 .
The number of ways of choosing subsets 𝑷𝟏 , 𝑷𝟐 , … 𝑷𝟏𝟎 is
Ans: B
A 4100

B 2100

C 220

D 420
C T Q – 10 (B) Paragraph for Qs. No. 9(A) to 9(C)

A is a set containing 10 elements. A subset 𝑷𝟏 of 𝑨 is chosen and the set 𝑨


is reconstructed by replacing the elements of 𝑷𝟏 . A subset 𝑷𝟐 of 𝑨 is
chosen and again the set 𝑨 is reconstructed by replacing the elements of
𝑷𝟐 . This process is continued by choosing subsets 𝑷𝟏 , 𝑷𝟐 , … 𝑷𝟏𝟎 .
The probability that 𝑷𝒊 ∩ 𝑷𝒋 = 𝛟 ∀ 𝒊 ≠ 𝒋, 𝒊, 𝒋 = 𝟏, 𝟐, … , 𝟏𝟎 is
Ans: C
A 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎
𝟒𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏
B
𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎
C
𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏
D
𝟒𝟏𝟎𝟎
C T Q – 10 (C) Paragraph for Qs. No. 9(A) to 9(C)

A is a set containing 10 elements. A subset 𝑷𝟏 of 𝑨 is chosen and the set 𝑨


is reconstructed by replacing the elements of 𝑷𝟏 . A subset 𝑷𝟐 of 𝑨 is
chosen and again the set 𝑨 is reconstructed by replacing the elements of
𝑷𝟐 . This process is continued by choosing subsets 𝑷𝟏 , 𝑷𝟐 , … 𝑷𝟏𝟎 .
The probability that 𝑷𝟏 ∩ 𝑷𝟐 ∩ ⋯ 𝑷𝟏𝟎 = 𝛟 is
Ans: A
𝟏𝟎
A (𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑)
𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎
(𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓)𝟏𝟎
B
𝟒𝟏𝟎𝟎
(𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑)𝟏𝟎
C
𝟒𝟏𝟎𝟎
(𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓)𝟏𝟎
D
𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎
C T Q - 11 # Multiple Correct

𝑷𝟏 , 𝑷𝟐 , 𝑷𝟑 , … , 𝑷𝟖 are 8 players participating in a tournament. If 𝒊 < 𝒋, then 𝑷𝒊


will win the match against 𝑷𝒋 . Players are paired up randomly for first
round and winners of this round again paired up for the second and so
on. Then the probability that
Ans: A,B, C, D
𝟒
A 𝑷𝟒 reaches the final is
𝟑𝟓

B 𝑷𝟔 reaches the final is 0

C 𝑷𝟏 wins the tournament is 1

𝟐
D 𝑷𝟔 reaches the semifinal is
𝟕
C T Q - 12

𝑵 fair coins are flipped once. The probability that at most 2 of the coins
𝟏
show up as heads is . Find the value of 𝑵.
𝟐
Ans: 05
C T Q - 13 # Multiple Correct

Consider three vectors 𝒗𝟏 = 𝛂𝒊ƶ + 𝛃𝒋ƶ + 𝛄𝒌,


ƶ 𝒗𝟐 = 𝛃𝒊ƶ + 𝛄𝒋ƶ + 𝛂𝒌ƶ 𝒗𝟑 = 𝛄𝒊ƶ + 𝛂𝒋ƶ + 𝛃𝒌ƶ
where 𝛂, 𝛃, 𝛄 are determined by randomly selecting 3 cards from a pack
of 52 cards, such that a King represents 13 , a Queen represents 12, a Jack
represent 11 while an Ace represent 1 and remaining cards represent
number on them, then Ans: B, C, D
𝟏
A Probability that 𝒗𝟏 , 𝒗𝟐 , 𝒗𝟑 are linearly independent is .
𝟒𝟐𝟓
𝟏
B Probability that 𝒗𝟏 , 𝒗𝟐 , 𝒗𝟑 are linearly dependent is .
𝟒𝟐𝟓

C Probability that volume of tetrahedron formed by 𝒗𝟏 , 𝒗𝟐 , 𝒗𝟑 is


𝟐𝟒
maximum is 𝟓𝟐 .
𝑪𝟑

D Probability that volume of parallel piped formed by 𝒗𝟏 , 𝒗𝟐 , 𝒗𝟑 is


𝟏𝟑⋅ 𝟒 𝑪𝟑
minimum is 𝟓𝟐 .
𝑪𝟑
Homework

You might also like