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Maternal Health Problems

The document outlines various maternal health problems related to pregnancy, including hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, infections, hemorrhage, and malnutrition. It discusses the causes of maternal mortality in Egypt, emphasizing direct and indirect obstetric causes, as well as contributing factors such as poor living conditions and inadequate healthcare services. Recommendations for improving maternal health include enhancing healthcare provider performance, increasing demand for quality care, and improving health facility capacities.

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10 views19 pages

Maternal Health Problems

The document outlines various maternal health problems related to pregnancy, including hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, infections, hemorrhage, and malnutrition. It discusses the causes of maternal mortality in Egypt, emphasizing direct and indirect obstetric causes, as well as contributing factors such as poor living conditions and inadequate healthcare services. Recommendations for improving maternal health include enhancing healthcare provider performance, increasing demand for quality care, and improving health facility capacities.

Uploaded by

Yörük
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maternal health problems

Public Health and Community


Medicine Department
Maternal Health Problems
• Maternal health problem related to/or aggravated by
pregnancy, labour, and puerperium

1- Hypertension with pregnancy:

1. Pregnancy induced hypertension: hypertension alone or pre-


eclampsia (hypertension, proteinuia & edema)
2. Chronic hypertension (before 20 weeks of pregnancy)
3. Chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia

2-Diabetes Mellitus
3-Heart diseases
4- Infections
-Puerperal sepsis: it is infection of the genital tract
during or after delivery
-UTI
- genital infections

5-Hemorrage : antepartum, partum, & post partum


due to abortion or placenta previa

6-Others: urinary incontinence


7-Maternal Malnutrition:
1. Iron deficiency anemia with or without folic
acid deficiency
2. Wasting due to low energy and protein intake
3. Iodine deficiency
4. Osteomalacia: due to calcium dficiency
5. Obesity
Definition:

Death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days


of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the
duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause
related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its
management but not form accidental or incidental
causes.
Causes of Maternal Mortality in Egypt:

1-Direct obstetric causes: hemorrhage (1st cause of


death in Egypt), hypertension (2nd cause in Egypt) ,
puerperal sepsis, thromboembolism, rupture
uterus
2-Indirect causes: resulting from diseases existing
before or occur during pregnancy and aggravated
by physiological changes of pregnancy as:
cardiovascular diseases especially Rheumatic
heart diseases, anemia, DM, hepatitis, cancer
Factors contributing to Maternal Mortality:
1-Factors related to the mother:
• Poor living condition
• Low per capita income
• Illiteracy or low educational level
• High parity (more than 5 children)
• Extremes of age
• Unawarereness about the importance of utilization
of health services
• Unwanted pregnancy & no FP
2-Factors related to the health care services:
• Ineffective communication / health education
programs.
• No or poor quality antenatal care , for early detection
of at risk cases.
• Maternal care providers: unavailability of trained
service providers.
• Shortage in health facilities' resources regarding
accessibility, availability of equipment, drugs, and
supplies.
Maternal Mortality Indicators
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

No. Of deaths of mothers due to causes related to pregnancy, labor


& puerperium in certain year & locality
__________________________________ x 100.000
No. Of females in the child bearing period (15-49) in the same year and
locality
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)

No. Of deaths of mothers due to causes related to pregnancy, labor&


puerperium in a certain year & locality
____________________________________________ x 100.000
No. Of live births in the same year and locality
1- Improve performance of health care providers:
• Setting the standards of practice (SOP) for antenatal,
natal, postnatal care, and ensure that all birth attendants
have the knowledge, skills, equipment and supplies to
perform safe delivery and provide postpartum care to the
mother & the baby

• The SOP should include guidelines for general


practitioners regarding referral mechanism
2- Demand creation to quality antenatal, natal,
&postnatal care.
3- improve the capacity of the health facilities to
provide quality services:

• Improve the role of the primary health care facilities


in providing ANC and postnatal care as well as referral
services

• Facilities for transportation should be available to


respond to emergency cases
• Ensure the availability of quality antenatal care
services
• Adequate supervision at the health facilities is
essential
• Improve quality of the blood banks
• Ensure the availability of essential and emergency
obstetric care services
• Ensure the availability of quality FP program
Thank you

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