SURNAME AND INITIALS : SHONGWE AS

STUDENT NUMBER : 231901795

GROUP :B
EXPERIMENT NUMBER :2
DATE : 22/08/2024
QUALIFICATION : DPEE20
SUBJECT NAME : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING II
EXPERIMENT WORK HEADING : UNBALANCED DELTA-CONNECTED
THREE PHASE LOAD
LECTURE :MR KHUMALO

1
Table of Contents
1. DESCRIPTION......................................................................................................................... 3
2. PURPOSE/ AIM ...................................................................................................................... 3
3. EXPERIMENTAL WORK DESIGN ............................................................................................. 3
3.1 EXPERIMENT EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................ 3
3.2 PART LIST ............................................................................................................................. 3
3.3 SAFETY ................................................................................................................................ 3
3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM .............................................................................................................. 4
3.5 WIRING LIST ........................................................................................................................ 5
4. PROCEDURE .......................................................................................................................... 5
5. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................. 6
6. CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................... 12
7. REFENCES ............................................................................................................................ 12

2
1. DESCRIPTION
In this experiment, we will explore how to connect a three-phase system that is
unbalanced, meaning the voltages or loads are not equal. Specifically, we will be working
with an unbalanced load connection that is connected in a delta configuration.

2. PURPOSE/ AIM
In this last experiment, we learned how to connect an unbalanced three-phase system
using a star connection. Now we will focus on connecting an unbalanced three-phase
system using a delta connection and measure various parameters, including current,
apparent power, active power, reactive power, and power factor.

3. EXPERIMENTAL WORK DESIGN

3.1 EXPERIMENT EQUIPMENT
• 1 x Three-phase ac supply and 1 X DC supply
• 1 x Three-phase power analyser
• 1 x Three-phase induction motor and 1 X DC motor with torque meter (on same
shaft as induction motor 2 X 1 kΩ, 400 V resistors
• 1 x 4 kΩ, 400 V resistors
• 2 x 4 H, 400 V inductors
• 2 x 16 H, 400 V inductors
• 1 x 1 µF, 400 V capacitor
• 1 x 4 µF, 400 V capacitor

3.2 PART LIST

• DC supply
• Three-phase power analyzer
• Three-phase induction motor
• DC motor with torque meter (connected to the same shaft as the induction motor)
• Resistors (1 kΩ, 4 kΩ, each rated at 400 V)
• Inductors (4 H, 16 H, each rated at 400 V)
• Capacitors (1 µF, 4 µF, each rated at 400 V)
3.3 SAFETY
• Safety clothing suitable for laboratory environment should be worn all the time.
• No person is allowed to switch on any power source without the authority of the
lecturer or the student assistant(s).
• Any faulty equipment should be reported to the lecturer.
• Strong action will be taken against persons who misuse equipment, e.g other than
for educational purposes.
• Strong action will be taken against persons who willfully damage equipment
(vandalism).

3
3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4
 3.5 WIRING LIST
• Connect three phase supply to power analyser inputs
• on power ananlyser outputs, connect L1 to parallel capacitor and inductor
then to neutral, connect L2 to parallel resistor and capacitor then to neutral,
connect L3 to inductor then to neutral
• on a motor connect R2 to Y1 , Then connect Y2 to B1 and connect B2 to
R1 for delta connection
• connect R1 of a motor to L1 of output power analyser, then connect Y1 of
a motor to L2 of output power analyser, then connect B1 of a motor to L3
of output power analyser.
4. PROCEDURE
• Before adding loads, connect the motor in a star configuration, which supplies a
50Hz frequency to our circuit.
• Connect the unbalanced load in a star configuration:
- First load (ZR): 4H inductor and 1KΩ resistor in parallel, connected to the first line (L1).
- Second load (ZW): 1μF capacitor and 1KΩ resistor in parallel, connected to the second
line (L2).

- Third load (ZB): 4H inductor, connected to the third line (L3).

Once all loads are connected, configure them in a star formation by connecting:
- The first load to the second load.

- The third load to the second load

5
5. RESULTS
2.1

2.2 Calculate the impedances (ZRW, ZWB, ZBR) for the unbalanced delta-connected
load?
XL = 2ℼ f l = 2ℼ(50)(16) = j 5026.55 Ω
1 1
XC = 2Ω𝑓𝐶 = 2ℼ(50)(4𝑢) = - j 795.775 Ω

ZRW = (4k × j5026.55) / (4k + j5026.55) = 2449.09 + j 1948.93 Ω

= 3129.915∠38.512 ͦ Ω
ZWB = (4k × -j795.775) / (4k + -j795.775) = 152.29 – j765.48 Ω
= 780.48∠-78.75 ͦ Ω
ZBR = j5026.55 Ω
2.3.1 The line-to-neutral supply voltages (VRN, VWN, VBN)
S = 3VI
450 =3(0.69) V
V = 217.4 V
VRN = 217.4 ∠0
VWN = 217.4 ∠-120

6
VBN = 217.4 ∠120
2.3.2 The motor currents (IRM, IWM, IBM) with their angles.
Ø = cos−1 0.19 = 79.05 ͦ lagging
IRM = 0.69 ∠ -79.05 ͦ A
IRM = 0.69 ∠ -199.05 ͦ A
IBM = 0.69 ∠ 40.95 ͦ A

2.3.3 The line currents of the unbalanced delta load (IRd, IWd, IBd)
𝑉𝑅 217.4∠0
IRW = 𝑍𝑅𝑊 = 3129.915∠38.512 = 0.07∠-38.512 ͦ A
𝑉𝑊 217.4∠−120
IWB = 𝑍𝑊𝐵 = 780.48∠−78.75 = 0.28∠41.25 ͦ A
𝑉𝑅 217.4∠120
IBR = 𝑍𝑅𝑊 = = 0.043∠30 ͦ A
𝑗5026.55

IR∆ = IRW – IBR = 0.06∠-74.92 ͦ A

IW∆ = IWB – IRW = 0.21∠-42.162 ͦ A
IB∆ = IBR – IWB = 0.27∠130.053 ͦ A
2.3.4 The total current for each phase (IR, IW, IB).
IR = IRM + IR∆ = 0.76∠-78.68 ͦ A
IW = IWM + IW∆ = 0.504∠170.37 ͦ A
IB = IBM + IB∆ = 0.745∠62.21 ͦ A
2.3.5 The total power (Apparent, Active and Reactive) for each phase (i.e. SR, SW, SB,
PR,)
SR =VRN×IR

= (217.4∠0) (0.76∠-78.68 ͦ)

= (32.431 – j162.01) VA

= 165.224∠-78.68 ͦ VA

PR = 32.431 W

QR = 162.01 VAR
SW =VWN×IW

= (217.4∠-120) (0.504∠170.37 ͦ)

7
 = (69.89 – j84.39) VA

= 109.57∠50.37 ͦ VA

PW = 69.89 W

QW = 84.39 VAR

SB =VBN×IB

= (217.4∠120) (0.745∠62.21 ͦ)

= (-161.84 – j6.246) VA

= 161.96∠-177.79 ͦ VA

PB = -161.84 W

QB = 6.246 VAR

2.3.6 The power factor of each phase.

P.FR = 0.21

P.FW = 0.64

P.FB = 0.99

2.4.1 The line-to-neutral supply voltages (VRN, VWN, VBN)

S = 3VI
638 =3(0.96) V
V = 221.53 V
VRN = 221.53∠0
VWN = 221.53∠-120
VBN = 221.53∠120

2.4.2 The motor currents (IRM, IWM, IBM) with their angles.
Ø = cos−1 0.71 = 44.77 ͦ lagging
IRM = 0.96 ∠ -44.77 ͦ A
IRM = 0.96 ∠ -164.77 ͦ A
IBM = 0.96 ∠ 75.23 ͦ A

8
2.4.3 The line currents of the unbalanced delta load (IRd, IWd, IBd)
𝑉𝑅 221.53∠0
IRW = 𝑍𝑅𝑊 = 3129.915∠38.512 = 0.071∠-38.512 ͦ A
𝑉𝑊 221.53∠−120
IWB = 𝑍𝑊𝐵 = 780.48∠−78.75 = 0.284∠161.25 ͦ A
𝑉𝑅 221.53∠120
IBR = 𝑍𝑅𝑊 = = 0.044∠30 ͦ A
𝑗5026.55

IR∆ = IRW – IBR = 0.68∠-75.23 ͦ A

IW∆ = IWB – IRW = 0.352∠157.335 ͦ A
IB∆ = IBR – IWB = 0.55∠1.376 ͦ A

2.4.4 The total current for each phase (IR, IW, IB).
IR = IRM + IR∆ = 1.58∠-57.34 ͦ A
IW = IWM + IW∆ = 1.257∠-174.68 ͦ A
IB = IBM + IB∆ = 1.23∠49.84 ͦ A

2.4.5 The total power (Apparent, Active and Reactive) for each phase (i.e. SR, SW, SB,
PR).
SR =VRN×IR

= (221.53∠0) (1.58∠-57.34 ͦ)

= (188.88 – j294.675) VA

= 350.017∠-57.34 ͦ VA

PR = 188.88 W

QR = 294.675 VAR
SW =VWN×IW

= (221.53∠-120) (1.257∠-174.68 ͦ)

= (116.27 + j253,03) VA

= 278.46∠65.32 ͦ VA

PW = 116.27 W

QW = 253.023 VAR

9
SB =VBN×IB

= (221∠120) (1.23∠49.84 ͦ)

= (-267.57 + j47.95) VA

= 271.83∠169.84 ͦ VA

PB = -267.57 W

QB = 47.95 VAR

2.4.6 The power factor of each phase.

P.FR = 0.54

P.FW = 0.42

P.FB = 0.98

parameters calculated measured calculated measured

currents
IR 0.76 A 0.818 A 1.58 1.219 A
IY 0.504 A 0.729 A 1.27 1.165 A
IB 0.745 A 0.790 A 1.23 1.212 A

Apparent
power
SR 165.224 VA 179 VA 350.017 VA 256 VA
SW 109.57 VA 160 VA 278.46 VA 244 VA
SB 161.96 VA 173 VA 271.83 VA 251 VA
ACTIVE
POWER
PR 32.431W 61 W 188.88 W 196 W
PW 69.89 W 50 W 116.27 W 187 W
PB -161.84 W 54 W -267.57 W 192 W
REACTIVE
POWER

QR 168.18VAR 171 VAR 294.675 VAR 174 VAR

QW 125 VAR 151 VAR 253.03 VAR 165 VAR

10
QB 161.89 VAR 160 VAR 47.95 VAR 173 VAR
POWER
FACTOR
PFR 0.21 0.32 0.54 0.73
PF W 0.64 0.35 0.42 0.74
PFB -0.99 0.36 0.98 0.73

11
6. CONCLUSION
This experiment explores how unbalanced three-phase systems behave when connected
in a delta configuration, focusing on how load distribution affects performance. We're
taking a practical approach, moving beyond theoretical calculations to test real-world
setups and compare them to textbook knowledge. Through hands-on experimentation,
participants develop problem-solving skills and gain a deeper understanding of electrical
systems' complexities. This experiment sheds light on power distribution and system
stability, essential for tackling real-world engineering challenges. Ultimately, it provides
valuable insights into unbalanced delta-connected loads, enhancing our understanding of
three-phase power systems and preparing participants for practical applications
When there is a discrepancy in phase voltages, it triggers circulating currents in three
phase motor, leading to a significant current imbalance – up to 15 times greater than the
voltage disparity. This excessive current flow causes increased motor heating, which could
become severe if the voltage unbalanced is substantial.

7. REFENCES
• A. John Bird, Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology, fifth edition, Published
2014 by q Routledge

• Unbalanced three-phase circuit theory. Available at:

https://eletricatotal.com/page9/glcirc_deseq.htm

• eeeguide (2019) ‘Unbalanced three phase circuit analysis | types of unbalanced

loads’, EEEGUIDE.COM, 26 December. Available at:
https://www.eeeguide.com/unbalanced-three-phase-circuit-analysis/

12