Lagrange Multipliers Method

To find the maximum and minimum

values f x y Z subject to the
of
constraint g x y Z 0

1 Find all values and b

of x y Z
such that 5g
ftp.yizl xigayiz
andglx y Z
fff
0fFfyjtfzI X 9 it
9yJ 92K
Fx 79
fy 9y
fz 92
91 19,77 0

2 Evaluate f x y z at these
points that arise from step 1
 The largest of these values is the
maximum value of f x y Z and
smallest is the minimum of f X y z

the extreme values of

ex Find
fix y
851
1 91494 5 1 0

Jf Eg
191 0
91
7 O
fxT fyJ O
O X
O O 59
9xi 9y
2 75 14975 442 1 it Ly
2X X 12 1
X 24
2
4y
1 0
92
From either 1 1 or X

if From y 0
2
From if 3 0 1
It
we found 2
 p
1,0 1,0

If X O From 42 1
I
Y
0 1 0 1

So we found
points 4
Next substitute the coordinates
of these 4 points into flx y

LIX g X 2y
7111 1 min
min
9 1 10 1

710 17 2 max

f 1517 2 Max

Z x
2y elliptic paraboloid
Z k
trajectories over y plane
2
k 1 242 1 ellipse
K 2 X 2 ellipse
242
9 A
 Find the extreme values of fixing xy
HW
subject
to the
constraint
1

Jf XÑg
914197
E
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 14 - 129
 NY I
Xtly

2
y

Multiple Integrals
Double Integrals y flx

ifff.fi
iI

FEB
2

P Execs CX exp b

Δ Xi Xi Xi I

FIX Ali Riemann sum

I PII Max of all sub intervals Norm

FIXE AX if this fatton

He
 limit exists it is called the
definite integral of f x

fix dx
life É fix Axi

if fix 70 fix dx gives

the area lies under the curve

Y fix
now extend this to higher diversner
2 fix y YE'd
Green rectangle

d
iidiiiiieaansus
i
iii
ff

fm are defined

c
by p

it xÉ
sub rectangle
Rij Xi Xi Yj 1,9
Xi Xi Xi 1 AY Yj 1
 J

Partition P
taxic Xm b
A XKXzLXzL Xi
C Y 2922432 LYj LYjL yn d
n
Double Riemanian Sum
m
Ʃ Ʃ Fl
1 9 1 it Yj Δ Ai
where Aij Axi Ay area

of Ri sub rectangle

Norm
of the partition P is defined
as the maximum of the diagonal length
longest diagonal of all subrectagles

FIXI.SI AA
11 1
da da dx
Sff IX Y dy
k

f x
dxdy
Sf y

Sf fix y dy dx
 dA

me free

fixigsda V

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 15 - 5

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 15 - 6
 If f x y 70

da the volume
f gives
If
x y

of the solid that lies under the

surface 2 f x y
So the double integral can be
interpreted as volumes
Iterated Integrals

fixy dA
ftp
R
t.r

E EYEd
Rectangular region
b
RMM
d

sfflxiysd Ef.ae dx
fE1x.Ddy

EaAX dX
Imber
 Of me

FIX g dA
0

afix.us 0
d dy
-

dA dxdy
dA dydx Bly dy V
same number

fix g dfdx -
ffflx.gldaddy
in n

Areas can be calculated by

dA double integrals
dxdy

AreT
SSdA
SEMA R

ex Evaluate the iterated

integrals fix g Xy
a
00
Xy dy b fxydxdy
x
tha IA
 t.IE
dx x 52dg dx
dy

1 214 8 dx

4 1 dx

32 x dx

3 0 2

b
dfdy y x dx dy

y dy
 27 07 dy

y dy 15
267 4 1
275
The order of integration does not
matter if integration is carried
over a rectangular region
Fubini's Theorem If f is
continuous on the rectangle
R x y a ex b c d
y dA dyax
then dxdy
FIX Y dA fix dy dx
Sf y

fix y dx dy
g
 by

sfysincxyidaIIpsiii.gs'dy ax

easy anix.gl dy
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 15 - 10
 Evaluate sin ix g dA
ey Sfy 2
R
R 1,2 O T Y x̅

T
I 2
R
y IT
at
you
f

EEN
I f
dx dy
easier

SLYSMIXY
dA sncxyldfdy

I.IE EFxdy
cos Xy 1 dy
 cos y cosly dy

205121 dy cosy dy
1
12 sin cry sing

Sm 27 Sho Sink Smo

0 0 0 0 0

ex Find the volume of the solid

that is bounded by the elliptic
2
paraboloid 242 2 16 the
planes 2 2 and the three
y
coordinate planes 224 f x y 2 16

y Xy plane yz plane Z place

p
2
a
wtf eye
Square
 2
16
42 7
4 16 2 16 X Y
9 0 7 16

1 51 1975 2
247
16 42

x
I y
t.es

Efx
0 Z 16 2y
V dA
Sf fix y

V 1 616 2y dy1 dx

v 9
120 16
07
X 2y dx
dy
116
Ex o
dx
O
y did
V 161 1 I 2y IDdy
V 1612 8 2g
2 dy

v 32
dy
4y
9
v
4y dy
81 4y dy
8
V
dy 4 y dy

81 YF y
V 883 2 8
3
V 48 um7
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 15 - 18
 Fubini's Theorem Stronger Form
Let fix y be continuous on a
region R

R is defined by
1 If
a X b g x y 92 x

with 9 X 92 x continuous on a b

then

fadda ftp.yietyfdx
If
const
First integrate over the variable
limits then int over the constant
ma outer
cure
Y 9241 upper
int
of
iii Hyam

cure of
fx
int
 2 If R is defined by
c
y d hilyl haly
with hily and ha y are continuous
on c d then
y

SLF IX 9 dA f f fix dx dy
y c hily
1 WE
const
4219
c Y d

hiyexeha.ly

Evaluate try dA where

ex
R is the region bounded by the
2
parabolas y 2 and 1tx
y
 2
4
149 if

2 2
2 14 I I

1 29 dA us d dx

FEES
O O Tax 2
14
0
4 2

x 4 2 4
08

2 Jdx
25
14
2
2 5 14 3212
dx
FTI 2
1 2 4 1 4 4 dx
 2 3 4
it 2 3 dx

1 43 2 4 5
I
check this