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MTP_Project_Class12

The project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) covers its definition, historical background, legal aspects in India, and the purpose of MTP, which includes saving the mother's life and addressing severe fetal abnormalities. It discusses methods of MTP, risks, ethical issues, and the importance of awareness and counseling for women. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of safe and legal MTP services in reproductive healthcare and the need for continued education and access.

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sainiipshita542
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15 views

MTP_Project_Class12

The project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) covers its definition, historical background, legal aspects in India, and the purpose of MTP, which includes saving the mother's life and addressing severe fetal abnormalities. It discusses methods of MTP, risks, ethical issues, and the importance of awareness and counseling for women. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of safe and legal MTP services in reproductive healthcare and the need for continued education and access.

Uploaded by

sainiipshita542
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Class 12 Biology

Chapter: Reproductive Health

Submitted by: [Your Name]

Roll Number: [Your Roll No.]

School Name: [Your School]


Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Index

1. Introduction

2. Definition of MTP

3. Historical Background

4. Legal Aspects in India

5. Purpose of MTP

6. Conditions for Permitted MTP

7. Methods of MTP

8. Role of Government and Health Institutions

9. Risks and Complications

10. MTP vs Illegal Abortions

11. Ethical Issues

12. Awareness and Counseling


Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

13. Statistics (India and Global)

14. Preventive Measures

15. Conclusion
Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Introduction

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) refers to the intentional termination of a pregnancy

through medical procedures. It is considered a significant component of reproductive health and

family planning services.


Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Definition of MTP

According to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 (India), MTP refers to the termination

of pregnancy by a registered medical practitioner during the first 24 weeks of pregnancy under

specific conditions.
Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Historical Background

India legalized MTP through the MTP Act of 1971 to reduce maternal mortality due to unsafe

abortions. The Act was amended in 2021 to enhance women's reproductive rights and increase the

gestation period for certain categories.


Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Legal Aspects in India

Up to 20 weeks: One doctor's approval required.

20-24 weeks: Two doctors' approval for special categories (rape survivors, minors, etc.).

Beyond 24 weeks: Only with approval from a medical board under severe conditions (fetal

abnormalities).
Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Purpose of MTP

To save the life of the pregnant woman.

To avoid birth of child with severe physical/mental abnormalities.

In cases of rape or contraceptive failure.

For socio-economic reasons.


Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Conditions for Permitted MTP

Risk to mother's physical or mental health.

Fetal defects detected.

Pregnancy caused by rape or incest.

Failure of contraceptive in married/unmarried women (2021 amendment included unmarried

women).
Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Methods of MTP

1. Medical Methods (up to 9 weeks): Pills like Mifepristone and Misoprostol.

2. Surgical Methods:

- Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA)

- Dilation and Evacuation (D&E)

- Induction abortion (in late pregnancies)


Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Role of Government and Health Institutions

Public awareness programs.

Training of health professionals.

Establishment of registered MTP centers.

Free and confidential services in government hospitals.


Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Risks and Complications

Excessive bleeding

Infections

Injury to uterus

Future fertility issues (rare)

Psychological effects
Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

MTP vs Illegal Abortions

Legal MTP: Safe, hygienic, doctor supervised

Illegal abortion: Unsafe, untrained persons, high risk of maternal death

Government aims to eliminate unsafe abortions by spreading awareness and access to safe MTP

services.
Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Ethical Issues

Moral concerns about fetus rights

Religious beliefs

Gender-based abortions (female foeticide - illegal under PCPNDT Act)

Balancing maternal rights with ethical questions


Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Awareness and Counseling

Educating women on reproductive rights

Pre- and post-abortion counseling

Promoting contraceptive use

Preventing repeat abortions through family planning


Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Statistics (India and Global)

As per WHO, around 45% of all abortions are unsafe globally. In India, over 10 women die daily due

to unsafe abortions. Legal MTP access has reduced maternal deaths significantly in urban areas but

rural areas still need improvement.


Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Preventive Measures

Proper sex education

Use of contraception

Access to safe and legal abortion services

Promoting responsible sexual behavior


Project on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Conclusion

Medical Termination of Pregnancy is a vital part of reproductive healthcare. When done legally and

safely, it can save lives and ensure women's rights. However, awareness, access to services, and

ethical responsibility are essential to prevent misuse and ensure societal well-being.

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