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Lec9_Conservation of Mass and Linear Momentum

The document discusses the principles of fluid mechanics, focusing on the conservation of mass and linear momentum equations. It explains the Reynolds transport theorem and its application in steady-state flow conditions, particularly for incompressible fluids. Additionally, it presents examples involving control volumes, pressure forces, and forces on vanes in fluid flow scenarios.

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3 views4 pages

Lec9_Conservation of Mass and Linear Momentum

The document discusses the principles of fluid mechanics, focusing on the conservation of mass and linear momentum equations. It explains the Reynolds transport theorem and its application in steady-state flow conditions, particularly for incompressible fluids. Additionally, it presents examples involving control volumes, pressure forces, and forces on vanes in fluid flow scenarios.

Uploaded by

drivepulze
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2021-02-01

The control volume is fixed in space, so the elemental volume (dV) does not vary with
time. Therefore, the time derivative vanishes if 𝛽 and 𝜌 do not vary in time.

Vcosθ is the component of V normal to the area element, Vn. Thus, the RHS becomes:

The vector form of the above equation is:

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Conservation of mass, B=m


B is considered as any property of the fluid (e.x.,energy, momentum, enthalpy, etc.) and
𝛽= ⁄ is the intensive value of the amount B per unit mass in any small element of
the fluid.

For conservation of mass, B=m and 𝛽 = ⁄ =1. The Reynolds transport equation
becomes:
Conservation of mass:
(𝑑𝑚/𝑑𝑡)_system = 0

If the control volume only has a number of one-dimensional inlets and outlets, we can
write:

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1
2021-02-01

Note: for steady-state flow : =0

This means, in steady flow, the mass flows entering and leaving the control
volume must balance:

If the fluid is incompressible:

𝐴𝑉 = 𝐴𝑉

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Example 2
A fixed control volume has three one-dimensional boundary sections, as shown in
the figure below. The flow within the control volume is steady. The flow properties at
each section are tabulated below. Find the velocity of Outlet 3.

??? 4.0

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2
2021-02-01

The linear momentum equation


In fluid mechanics Newton’s second law is called the linear momentum relation.
Linear momentum is mV.
Thus B =mV and 𝛽 = ⁄ = 𝑽 . The Reynolds transport theorem becomes:
Note: This is a vector equation
and has three components.

Momentum flux term:

If cross-section is one-dimensional, V and 𝜌


are uniform over the area, momentum flux
simplifies to:

For one-dimensional
inlets and outlets:

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Net pressure force on a closed CV


Recall: The external pressure force on a
surface is normal and inward.
The unit vector n is outward so:

If the pressure has a uniform value pa all around


the surface, the net pressure force is zero.

Since being independent of the shape of the surface, pressure force problems can be
simplified by subtracting any convenient uniform pressure pa and working only with the
pieces of gage pressure that remain:

21

3
2021-02-01

The sluice gate shown below controls flow in an open channel. At


sections 1 & 2 the flow is uniform and the pressure hydrostatic. Neglect
bottom friction and atmospheric pressure. Give an equation for the
force required to hold the gate.

22

A vane turns a water jet, of area 0.05 m2 and velocity 1.5 m/s though
an angle of 30 degrees. The flow of water is steady and friction can be
ignored.
Calculate the horizontal and vertical components of F, the force applied
to keep the vane in place.

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