Design calculation sheet

Project no: Date: 5/28/2025 Computed by:

Subject: Checked by:

Calculations based on : ASHRAE S35 - Chimney, Vent, and Fireplace systems 2016 Approved by:

1 - Basic Input Data

a - Geographical data b - Physical dimensions

𝑝 =101.325 𝑥 (1 −2.25577 𝑥 〖 10 〗 ^(−5)

𝑥 𝑍)^5.2559
Equation : 35.0 m
101325 15.0 m
Altitude 0 m Chimney Height 35.0 m
Barom. Pressure 101.3 kPa
Chimney horizontal Length 15.0 m
Outdoor temp. 15 O
C
288 O
K Total length ( horizontal + vertical) 50.0 m

c -Calorific Data

No. of boilers / generators 2 Fuel % CO2 M

Natural Gas 5.3% 0.66
LPG Delta Tm = Vent gas temp. rise above ambient, oK
Fuel type LPG 6% 0.68
1,000

rate to heat input rate ,

No. 2 Oil ( light) 9% 0.53

Ratio of Vent gas flow

800
I per equipment = 1.40 MW / equip. No. 6 Oil ( heavy) 9% 0.58

m3/sec per MW
600
Bituminous coal (soft 9% 0.70
2.8 400
I total = MW Type 0 waste or wood 9% 0.70
w = IM
M= 0.68 kg / MJ w = mass flow rate, kg/s 200
I = appliance heat input, MJ/s (MW) 50
300
w= 1.912 kg/s M = ratio of mass flow to heat input, kg / MJ of fuel burned 100

Appliance type : 8 Pathological incinerator 0.30

CO2 in Combustion products

No. Appliance Type Mean Temperature, °C D Temp,oC Bituminous coal
(soft)
1 Natural gas-fired heating appliance with draft hood (low-efficienc 180 165

and excess air , %

2 LP gas-fired heating appliance with draft hood (low-efficiency) 180 165 Type 0 waste or
wood
3 Gas-fired heating appliance, no draft hood,Low-efficiency 240 225
No. 6 Oil ( heavy)
4 Gas-fired heating appliance, no draft hood, Mid-efficiency 150 135
5 Oil-fired heating appliance (low-efficiency) 290 275 2
6 Conventional incinerator 760 745
7 Controlled air incinerator 980 965 LPG
LPG
8 Pathological incinerator 980 965 No. 2 Oil ( light)
Natural Gas
9 Turbine exhaust 480 465
0.30 3.00
10 Diesel exhaust 480 465
11 Ceramic kiln 980 965 M = Mass Flow : Input ratio , kg/MJ

Page 1 of 14
 Design calculation sheet
Project no: Date: 5/28/2025 Computed by:

Subject: Checked by:

Calculations based on : ASHRAE S35 - Chimney, Vent, and Fireplace systems 2016 Approved by:

2 - Draft and flow calculations 3 - Initial Chimney gas Velocity & Diameter

a - Calculating gas density ( before lateral length check ) a - System loss coefficient

_𝑚 =0.00348 𝑄 = 𝑤/_𝑚 𝑝 =(𝑘 𝑥 _𝑚 𝑥

𝑥 𝐵/𝑇_𝑚 𝑉^2)/2
Equation : Where : Dt = Theoretical draft, Pa
B = local barometric pressure, Pa
Where : B = local barometric pressure, Pa Where : Q = volume flow rate , m3/s
Tm = mean chimney gas temp., K w = mass flow rate, kg/s Fittings K value No
rm = gas density , kg/m3 Inlet - Gas vent with draft hood 1.5 1.5 1
Tm = 980 O
C 1,253 K
O Q/MJ = 2.43 m3/s - per MJ Inlet - Barometric regulator 0.5 0
Inlet - Direct connection 0 0
rm = 0.28 kg/m3 Q= 6.79 m3/s Round elbow - 90 deg 0.75 0 0
Round elbow - 45 deg 0.3 0
b - Theoretical draft Tee or 90° connector 1.25 2.5 2
Y connector 0.75 0

𝐷_𝑡 =0.03413 𝑥 𝐵 𝑥 𝐻 𝑥
[1/𝑇_𝑜 −1/𝑇_𝑚 ]
Equation : Cap, top - Open straight 0 0
Cap, top - Low resistance 0.5 0.5 1
Where : Cap, top - Other 2 0 0
Dt = Theoretical draft, Pa Spark screen 0.5 0.5 1
B = local barometric pressure, Pa Converging exit cone : 0 1
H = height of chimney above grade or inlet. M d Large 0
Tm = mean chimney gas temperature at average system conditions, K d small 0

𝑘_𝑝= 0.033 𝑥 𝐿/𝑑

To = ambient temp, K Total system fittings K value 5.0

Dt = 323.5 Pa 9 Pipe K value = safety 1 1.5

Note :A factor of 1.5 shall be used to cater for part load operation , since this is a combined system

c - System pressure loss caused by flow b - First trial for different diameter
Stack pressure diagram

Where : 𝑝 = 𝐷_𝑡 + 𝐷_𝑏

Equation : trial Diam. Velocity K pipe K fit K total Dp Deviat.
100
Boiler out- Vertical end
let 11 1 600 mm 24.0 m/s 2.8 5.0 7.8 629 Pa -95%
50 Outlet vent 12 2 650 mm 20.5 m/s 2.5 5.0 7.5 445 Pa -37%
0
Dt = Theor. draft 323.5 Pa 1 2 3 4 5 6 At-
7 8 13 3 700 mm 17.7 m/s 2.4 5.0 7.4 323 Pa 0%
-50 mo-
sphere
Db = Boost 0 Pa -100 Initial Chimney size 700 mm Friction 323 Pa
(increase in static by fan) -150 Velocity 17.7 m/s
-200 Since D< 500 mm, no correction to mean temp. is needed
Dp = flow losses, Pa 323.5 Pa -250 Horizontal
end
Page 2 of 14
 Stack pressure diagram
100
Boiler out- Vertical end
let
50 Outlet vent
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 At-
7 8
Design calculation sheet -50 mo-
-100 sphere
Project no: Date: 5/28/2025 Computed by:
-150
Subject: Checked by:
-200
Calculations based on : ASHRAE S35 - Chimney,
-250 Horizontal
Vent, and Fireplace systems 2016 Approved by:
end

4- Correction to mean chimney temperature 5 - Calculating final diameter

a -Finding Temperature correction factor

trial Diam. Velocity K pipe K fit K total Dp Deviat.
11 1 600 mm 24.0 m/s 2.8 5.0 7.8 629 Pa -95%
Temperature Multiplier Cu for Compensation 12 2 650 mm 20.5 m/s 2.5 5.0 7.5 445 Pa -37%
of Heat Losses in Connector
1 13 3 700 mm 17.7 m/s 2.4 5.0 7.4 323 Pa 0%
For D = 500 mm and larger : No correction required
diam 700
0.9
Temperature Multiplier Cu

D 400 mm Velocity 17.7 m/s

0.8
D 300 mm
Friction 323 Pa
0.7

0.6 D 200 mm

0.5 D 175 mm Chimney Height , m

D 100 mm D 125 mm D 150 mm 10.00
0.4 50
0.5 3 5.5 8 10.5 13 15.5 100
Length of lateral or connector before entering base of vertical, m 150
2.80

Input , MJ/s
Correction factor - Cu 1.00
35.0
D Temp corrected,oK 965 K
O
20
1.00 8
6
Corrected Mean chimney gas temperature, K 1,253 K
O Db = 0 Pa
K= 2.4 + 5.0
b - Recalculating parameters with same methodology M= 0.68 in Vent
DT = 965 OK
rm = 0.28 kg/m3 Dt = 323.5 Pa Amb. Temp. = 15 OC
Site elev.= 0m
Q= 6.79 m3/s Dp = 323.5 Pa 0.10
1
200 mm 400 mm 800 mm
Diameter

Chimney size 700 mm

Page 3 of 14
 Design calculation sheet
Project no: Date: 5/28/2025 Computed by:

Subject: Checked by:

Calculations based on : ASHRAE S35 - Chimney, Vent, and Fireplace systems 2016 Approved by:

Page 4 of 14
Dat

Natural gas  10.72 

LPG 0.3030.15
(propane, 9+
butane, or ----------------
mixture) 

No. 2 oil
(light)  % CO2 

No. 6 oil
(heavy)  12.61 

Bituminous
coal (soft) 0.3040.14
Type 0 4+
waste or ----------------
wood 

 % CO2 

 14.4 
0.310.12
+
----------------

 % CO2 

 15.8 
0.310.12
+
----------------

 % CO2 

 18.2 
0.3270.11
+
----------------

 % CO2 

 19.7 
0.300.16
+
----------------
 Flow
Rate/Unit
Mass
Heat
Flow/Input
Temperature Ratio (M), Flue Gas Input,
c

m3/s per
Fuel kg Total
(MJ/s) or
Flue Gasb Density,
c
Appliance % CO2 Rise, K m3/MJ at
per MJ kg/m3
Flue Gas
Fuel Input
Natural gas Draft hood 5.3 165 0.66 0.777 Temperatu
0.851
re
Propane
gas Draft hood 6 165 0.68 0.777 0.878
Natural gas No draft
Low- 8 220 0.45 0.693 0.655
hood
efficiency
High- No draft
efficiency hood 7 135 0.51 0.832 0.615

No. 2 oil Residential 9 280 0.53 0.62 0.86

Forced-
draft, over
Oil 120 kW or 13.5 165 0.37 0.777 0.473
0.120 MJ/s

Waste,
Type 0 Incinerator 9 740 0.71 0.343 2.056
Appliance Type t
Mean Temperature m* in Chimney, °C

Natural gas-fired heating appliance with draft hood

(low-efficiency) 180

LP gas-fired heating appliance with draft hood (low-

efficiency) 180

Gas-fired heating appliance, no draft hood

240
Low-efficiency
Mid-efficiency 150

Oil-fired heating appliance (low-efficiency) 290

Conventional incinerator 760

Controlled air incinerator 980 to 1320

Pathological incinerator 980 to 1540

Turbine exhaust 480 to 760

Diesel exhaust 480 to 760

Ceramic kiln 980 to 1320

Vent Gas Temperature Rise, K Dt per Metre, Pa

60 2

100 3

150 4

200 5
 300 6

400 7

600 8

900 9

1500 10
 Suggested
Component Design Value,
Dimensionless*
Inlet acceleration (k1) Gas vent with draft 1.5
hood
Barometric regulator 0.5
Direct connection 0
Round elbow (k2) 0.75
90°
45° 0.3
Tee or 90° connector (k3) 1.25
Y connector 0.75
Cap, top (k4) Open straight 0
Low-resistance (UL) 0.5
Other —
Spark screen 0.5
Converging exit cone (di1di2)4 – 1
Tapered reducer
1 – (di2di1)4
(di1 to di2)
Increaser —
Piping (kL)
0.033L/df
Estimated Span and Notes

1.0 to 3.0
0.0 to 0.5
Also dependent on blocking damper
position

0.5 to 1.5

—
1.0 to 4.0
0.5 to 1.5
—
0.0 to 1.5
1.5 to 4.5
—
System designed using di1

System designed using di2

See Chapter 2, 2013 ASHRAE Handbook

—Fundamentals.
Numerical coefficient (friction factor F)
from 0.017 to 0.042; see Figure 12,
Chapter 2,
2013 ASHRAE Handbook—
Fundamentals for size, roughness, and
velocity effects.