Scribd
Upload
4 views

Network Fundamentals

The document provides an overview of computer networks, covering fundamental concepts, communication methods, network hardware, topologies, media, protocols, and standards. It explains key terms and examples such as IP addresses, routers, and network models like OSI and TCP/IP. Additionally, it delves into specific hardware components like switches, NICs, and WAPs, highlighting their roles in connecting devices and facilitating data transfer.

Uploaded by

cbkharianrevenue
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Network Fundamentals

The document provides an overview of computer networks, covering fundamental concepts, communication methods, network hardware, topologies, media, protocols, and standards. It explains key terms and examples such as IP addresses, routers, and network models like OSI and TCP/IP. Additionally, it delves into specific hardware components like switches, NICs, and WAPs, highlighting their roles in connecting devices and facilitating data transfer.

Uploaded by

cbkharianrevenue
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Network Fundamentals

Introduction to Computer Networks


1. An Overview of Computer Concepts
Understanding the basic parts and uses of a computer (hardware, software, input/output).
Example: A computer uses a keyboard (input), processor (hardware), and Windows (software) to
complete tasks.
2. Fundamental of Network Communication
How computers talk to each other using signals and data.
Example: Sending an email from one computer to another.
3. Network Terms Explained
Common words used in networking like IP address, LAN, WAN, etc.
Example: An IP address is like a home address for a computer on the internet.
4. Network Models
Ways to design networks, like OSI and TCP/IP models.
Example: The OSI model has 7 layers to help devices communicate step by step.
5. Network Servers
A server is a special computer that gives services (like websites or files) to other computers.
Example: A file server stores and shares files in an office.
6. Specialized Networks
Networks made for specific tasks like hospitals or military use.
Example: A hospital network connects patient records and machines.

Network Hardware Essentials


1. Network Repeaters and Hubs
Devices that extend or share network signals.
Example: A hub connects many computers in a small office.
2. Network Switches
A smart device that connects computers and sends data only to the right one.
Example: A switch in a school network connects all classrooms and directs data.
3. Wireless Access Points (WAPs)
They give Wi-Fi signals so devices can connect without wires.
Example: A WAP in a cafe gives internet to mobile phones.
4. Network Interface Cards (NICs)
A part in a computer that connects it to a network.
Example: A laptop has a NIC to connect to Wi-Fi.
5. Routers
They connect different networks and give internet access.
Example: A router at home connects all devices to the internet.

Network Topologies and Technologies


1. Physical Topologies
The actual shape/layout of wires and devices in a network.
Example: In a Star topology, all computers connect to one central device (like a switch).
2. Logical Topologies
How data moves inside the network, not the physical layout.
Example: In a Bus logical topology, data travels in a line from one device to another.
3. Network Technologies
The method or system used for connecting devices.
Example: Ethernet is a common wired technology used in offices.

Network Media
1. Wired Networking
Uses cables to connect devices in a network.
Example: LAN in schools uses Ethernet cables.
2. Fiber-Optic Cable
Very fast cable using light signals to send data over long distances.
Example: Internet service providers use fiber-optic cables for high-speed connections.
3. Wireless Networking
Connects devices without cables using radio signals.
Example: Wi-Fi at home allows phones and laptops to connect to the internet wirelessly.

Network Protocols
1. TCP/IP’s Layered Architecture
A set of rules that guide how data is sent and received over the internet.
Example: TCP ensures data reaches safely, and IP handles addressing.
2. IP Addressing
A unique number given to each device in a network to identify it.
Example: A computer might have an IP address like 192.168.1.1.
Network Reference Models and Standards
1. Introducing the OSI and IEEE 802 Networking Models
These are frameworks that explain how data moves through a network in steps or layers.
Example: The OSI model has 7 layers like Application, Transport, and Physical. Each layer has a
specific job.
2. IEEE 802 Networking Standards
A set of rules for how devices communicate in a network, created by the IEEE organization.
Example: IEEE 802.11 is the standard used for Wi-Fi communication.

Network Hardware in Depth


1. Network Switches in Depth
A switch connects many devices and sends data only to the right device. It works faster than a hub.
Example: In an office, a switch connects all computers and handles data traffic smartly.
2. Routers in Depth
A router connects different networks (like your home to the internet) and chooses the best path for data.
Example: A router in your house sends internet to your mobile and laptop.
3. Wireless Access Points (WAPs) in Depth
A WAP gives wireless internet access to devices. It connects to a router through a cable.
Example: A WAP in a university lets students connect their phones to Wi-Fi in classrooms.
4. Network Interface Cards (NICs) in Depth
A NIC is a hardware part inside a device that allows it to connect to a network (wired or wireless).
Example: A laptop’s NIC lets it connect to Wi-Fi or use a LAN cable for internet.

You might also like