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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen. It occurs in chloroplasts through two main stages: light-dependent reactions that generate ATP and NADPH, and the Calvin Cycle that synthesizes glucose using CO₂. This process is crucial as it provides oxygen for respiration and forms the base of the food chain.

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3 views

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen. It occurs in chloroplasts through two main stages: light-dependent reactions that generate ATP and NADPH, and the Calvin Cycle that synthesizes glucose using CO₂. This process is crucial as it provides oxygen for respiration and forms the base of the food chain.

Uploaded by

fijos71000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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🌱 Overview

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light
energy into chemical energy (glucose), using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.

🔬 Key Equation

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂


(Carbon dioxide + Water + Light → Glucose + Oxygen)

📍 Where It Happens

 Inside chloroplasts (plant cell organelles)


 Contains chlorophyll: green pigment that absorbs sunlight

⚙️Main Stages

1. Light-Dependent Reactions

 Occur in: Thylakoid membranes


 Requires sunlight 🌞
 Splits water → releases O₂
 Produces ATP & NADPH (energy molecules)

2. Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent Reactions)

 Occurs in: Stroma


 Does not need light
 Uses CO₂, ATP, and NADPH → makes glucose

🧠 Why It Matters

 Produces oxygen for respiration


 Converts solar energy into food energy
 Base of the food chain (producers)
🗂 Vocabulary

Term Definition
Chloroplast Organelle where photosynthesis occurs
Chlorophyll Pigment that captures sunlight
Glucose Sugar produced by photosynthesis
ATP/NADPH Energy carriers used in the Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle Makes glucose without sunlight

🌍 Fun Fact

Plants make over 150 billion tons of oxygen each year through photosynthesis!

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