HTML

1. Html Tag
 Html tag is the root element of the container
 It is a container tag / pair tag

2. Head Tag
 It is a container tag
 The content we want to display should not be written in
head tag
 The meta data of our website we have to write within head
tag
 Inside head tag we have tittle tag

3. Tittle Tag
 It is a container tag
 The tittle of our web page we have to write within tittle tag
 This title should be displayed on browser tab

4. Body Tag
 It is a container tag
 The content we want to display should be written inside
body tag

5. Meta Tag
 Meta tags are unpair tags / Non -container tag
 It is used to store additional information of our website

Website --- Saketbhatnagar.in

 ELEMENTS
Type of Elements
1. Block level Element
2. Inline level Element

Block level Element

 Always take full width of the parent container
 We can set height and width
 Example – <div> , <h1>

Inline level Element

 Occupy space required by Content
 We can not set height and width
 Example – <span> , <img>

Java runtime environment

1 browser (Live)
2 Node Js (Server side)

Java /
JS
C , C+
+
Assem
bly
Binary
 Tokens
24/7/2024

 It is smallest unit of programming language

 Ex – Const a = 10 ;
Const – keyword
A - Identifier
= - Operator
10 - Literal
; - punctuators

Types of Tokens
1. Keyword
2. Identifier
3. Operator
4. Literals
5. Punctuators

Keywords
 Keywords are predefined words that is used to perform some
specific task
 It is always written in lower case letters
 If, Else , while , For , do ,switch , continue , break , function ,
Try – catch , throw ,this
 Var , let , const , function

1.Var (Awara)
 Multiple times declaration
 Multiple time initialization
 Var is global scoped

Var gf = “Naina”;
Var gf = “Sunaina”;
Var gf = “Muskan”;
gf = “Ruchi;
2.Let(Pagal)

 One time declaration

 Multiple time initialization
 let is blocked scoped and local scoped

let gf = “Khushi”
let gf = “Anjali” ---- Error
gf = “Anjali”;

3.Const(Deewana)
 One time declaration
 One time initialization
 Const is blocked scoped and local scoped

Const gf = “Angel Priya”;

Const gf = “Sonam gupta; --- Error
gf = “Monika” -- Error

Var, Let , Const

25/7/2024

var
 Variable declared with var goes to global scope
 Multiple times declaration is possible
 Multiple Times initialization is possible

 We can declare variable without initialization

Ex –

 Variable can be declared with var can be hoisted

 Variable declared with var does not belongs to temporal
dead zone

 Variable declared inside block , will go to global scope

Ex-

Let
 Variable declared with Let is blocked scope
 One time declaration
 Multiple times initialization

 We can declare variable without initilization

 We can declare variable using let without initialization. But

js engine will keep that memory block uninitialized (empty)
untill js engine reads declaration statement in execution
phase.
 Because let variable is uninitialized (empty) in variable
phase , it belongs to Temporal Dead Zone.
 The variable declared using let does not belongs to global
scope , we cannot access them with the help of window
variable.
 The variable declared using let is hoisted and belongs to
temporal deadzone. Therefore it cannot be used before
initialization (because at that moment it is uninitialized -
TDZ) .
 Variable declared inside function will be accessible inside
function only.

Const
 Variable declared with const is block scope.
 One time Declaration
 One time Initialization

 We can not declare const without initialization.

 The variable declared using const is hoisted and belongs to
temporal deadzone. Therefore it cannot be used before
initialization (because at that moment it is uninitialized -
TDZ) .
 6. The variable declared using const inside block ,does not
belongs to global scope we cannot use them with the help
of window.
 7. Variable declared inside function will be accessible inside
function only.
 Operators

1. Arithmetic operators

Additon(+)
Subtraction(-)
/
*
**
%

2. Assignment Operator

Let user = “Amit”;

3. Compound Operator

(Arithmetic Operator+ Assignment Operator)

4. Relational Operator
<
>
<=
>=
== (Loose Equality)
=== type conversion
!= (Loose not Equality)
!== (first check the data type)
5. Logical Operator – Boolean Result

Logical AND (&&)

Logical OR ( | | )

6. Ternary Operator
7. let age = 18;
8.
9. let Result = age >=18 ? "You can drive the car" : "you cannot drive the car";
10.
11. console.log(Result)

Global Execution Context

 Variable phase Execution Phase

Global scope
1 a=1
a : undefined 2 b=2
3 c=3
d : undefined

Block Scope
b: uninitialized
c: uninitialized

Block
VP EP
 b: uninitialized a = 10
b = 20

c: uninitialized c = 30
d = 40

C.log(a)
C.log(a)
C.log(a)
C.log(a)
}

 let store undefined in execution phase

 var store undefined in variable phase

12/8/2024

1. Hoisting
 The ability of js engine to access a variable before its
declaration statement

 var let and const can’t be hoisted

 ex –

console.log(a)
var a = 1;

2. Temporal Dead Zone

 It is the time frame between variable declration and

variable
initialization in this frame we cannot access a variable .

 variable declared with let const belongs to temporal

dead zone

 example

console.log(a)
let a = 1;

Question
console.log("Start")

let a = 10;
{
console.log (a)
let a = 10
}

console.log(a)
console.log(b)
console.log("end")

Variable phase Execution Phase

1. Console.log(“started”)
Global scope 2. a = 10;
3. {
4. }

Block Scope
a : uniatialized -10

Block

VP EP

a : __________ 1. Console.log(a)  Error

2. a = 10

 You will get Error because of Temporal

Deadzone

Call stack

Block
 Global

20/8/2024

ToNumber(a)
Number - Number
Symbol - TypeError
BigInt - TypeError
Null - +0
False - +0
true - 1
string - StringToNumber
Undefined  Nan

 Convert string into number

1. let a = “1”;
2. let b;

Const b = Number(a) //old

Const b = +a //New

Function in Js
 Types of Functions in Js

1. Function Declaration Statement - Function

Statement
2. Function as Expression – Function expression , First
Class Function
3. Immediate Invoke Function Expression (IIFE) –
Anonymous function
4. Arrow Function – Fat Operator
5. Call back function (CBF)
6. Nested Function

Function statement  Function sum( a+b )

Expression statement  Var a = 10+2 + 3 + 2 = 17