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Republic of Somaliland

Somaliland National Examination Board

Form Four

GEOGRAPHY EXAMINATION

June 2016

ANSWERS
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2016

PART ONE: Multiple choice questions. (20 marks)

1. The scientific study of earth as a home of man is called:

a) Geology
b) Geography
c) Geomorphology
d) Geometry

2. The third planet from the sun is:

a) Earth
b) Mercury
c) Venus
d) Neptune

3. What is time in Acra is 00 when the time in Hargeisa 450E is 9:00 am

a) 9:00 pm •
Longitude difference= 45
•
b) 12:00 am Time difference= 3hour
•
c) 6:00 am Time of Acra= 9:00 am−3hour
•
d) 8:00 am Time of Acra= 6:00 am

4. Refer this map and answer the following questions

I. The mountain range that marked XX is called
a) Wagar range
b) Golis range
c) Almis range
d) Saw range

5. The mountain range that marked YY is called

a) Wagar range
b) Sheeder ranage
c) Nugal range
d) Sagal range
1 ©SLNECB, 2016
Mohamed Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2016

6. Which one of the following climate have a characteristic of hot and dry summer and
cool wet winter
a) Warm temperate climate
b) Mediterranean climate
c) Hot desert climate
d) Cool desert climate

7. The ability to conceive or to give birth is called

a) Mortality
b) Fertility
c) Population decline
d) Over population

8. Composition of a given population in terms of age and sex at a particular time is

known as:
a) Population structure
b) Population increase
c) Population decline
d) population diversity

9. which one of the following pollutions is most common in Somaliland:

a) air pollution
b) soil pollution
c) noise pollution
d) smoke pollution

10. extrusive volcanic features includes

a) batholiths
b) lava plain
c) sills
d) dykes

2 ©SLNECB, 2016
Mohamed Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2016

11. the sun is overhead at the equator

a) at the spring and the autumn equinoxes
b) in mid-summer and mid-winter Equinox = 21st March and 23rd September.
c) in mid-summer only
d) when the nights are longest

12. the doldrums are

a) an area of calm near the tropics
b) a storm belt between 400 N and 400 S
c) an area of calm near the equator
d) an area where offshore winds blow from the desert

13. the climate in the winter in the Mediterranean area is :

a) cool and wet
b) Cool and dry
c) Cool and wet disturbed by dry local winds
d) Cool and dry disturbed by wet local winds

14. The word monsoon means that

a) Heavy rain falls throughout the year C and D are correct
b) Heavy rainfall in winter only
c) Three distinct seasons experienced
d) Winds revere in summer and winter

15. If the temperature at the sea level is 70 C, the temperature of the air at height of
2000 meter will be about: 1000 meter
0
6.5 C
a) 150 C
2000 meter X
0
b) 16 C
6.5 × 2000
c) −60 C X=
d) 100 C
1000
therefore= 7 C −130 C
0
X= 130 C

X= −60 C
3 ©SLNECB, 2016
Mohamed Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2016

16. A line on a map which joins places having the same rainfall is called an:
a) Isohyet 1. Isotherm: a line joining points with equal temperature
b) Isobar 2. Isobar: a line joining points equal atmospheric pressure
c) Isotherm 3. Isohyets: a line joining points equal rain fall
4. Isohaline: a line joining points with equal salinity
d) Isohel 5. Isopath: a line joining with equal depth
6. Isohypse: a line joining points with equal height above
sea level.
7. A contour is a line that joins points of equal elevation.

17. Which of the facts can have the greatest influence on the temperature of a place in
equatorial latitudes
a) Aspect
b) Distance from the sea
c) Altitudes
d) Ocean currents

18. Which of the following countries is the largest producer of cocoa bean in Africa
a) Ivory coast
b) Ghana
c) Nigeria
d) Cameron

19. Dairy farming near large urban settlements is located there manly because
a) Of the availability of capital to finance farming
b) Of special food that dairy cattle need that only urban centres can supply
c) There is often surplus labor in urban centres which can be employed on the farms
d) Of the need for a nearby market because dairy produce is perishable

20. The world’s largest producer of a raw cotton is :

a) Chine
b) C.I.S
c) India
d) Mexico

4 ©SLNECB, 2016
Mohamed Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2016

Part two: Structured Questions (60 marks)

1. List three problems facing forest in horn of Africa? (6 marks)

• Forest fire
• Insect attack such as desert locust
• Deforestation caused cutting for firewood or building material

2. Write down three proofs of continental drift theory? (6 marks)

• Biology: Certain identical rare fossils have been found in different continents,
now separated by vast oceans.
• Geology: Rocks of similar type, formation and age have been found in South
Africa and Brazil.
• Climatology: Evidence of glaciation has been found in tropical Brazil and
central India.

3. Differentiate between industry and industrializations? (6 marks)

• Industry refers to any form of economic activity that people engage in for the
production of goods from raw materials, and provision of services for their
consumption or for sale while Industrialization is the process through which
a country establishes manufacturing industries.

4. a) Define the term transport? (3 marks)

• Transport is the activity of moving people and goods from one place to
another.
b) Name the three modes of transport? (3 marks)
• Land transport
• Water transport
• Air transport

5 ©SLNECB, 2016
Mohamed Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2016

5. Explain three ways in which trade is significance in Somaliland? (6 marks)

• foreign exchange
3 qodob oo ka mid ah faaf-faahi
• Transfer of technology
• Employment
• Development of infrastructure
• Sources of revenue
• Development of urban settlement
• Distribution of resources
• Stimulates the exploitation of resources

6. a) What is the difference between weather and climate? (2 marks)

• Weather: is the day-to-day change of atmosphere.
• Climate: is the average of weather for a long period of time.

b) State four factors that influence climate? (4 marks)

• Winds
• Altitude
• Latitude
• Ocean currents

7. Give six characteristics of the tropical continental climate? (6 marks)

• Temperatures are high all the year, varying between 26oC – 32oC with annual
range of about 11oC.
• Rainfall = 700-1000mm and is convectional. It falls during the hot season.
• Rainfall increases towards the equatorial regions and decreases away from
the equator.
• High humidity during hot, wet season
• Low humidity in cooler drier months
• Prevailing winds are trade winds.

6 ©SLNECB, 2016
Mohamed Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2016

8. a) List three characteristics of continental shelf? (3 marks)

1) The continental shelf is the extended margin of each continent occupied by
relatively shallow seas and gulfs.
2) It is the shallowest part of the ocean showing an average gradient of 1° or
even less.
3) The shelf typically ends at a very steep slope, called the shelf break.
4) The width of the continental shelves varies from one ocean to another.
5) The average width of continental shelves is about 80 km.
6) The depth of the shelves also varies. It may be as shallow as 30 m in some
areas while in some areas it is as deep as 600 m.
7) The continental shelves are covered with variable thicknesses of sediments.
8) Massive sedimentary deposits received over a long time by the continental
shelves, become the source of fossil fuels.

b) State three factors that influence temperature? (3 marks)

• Altitude
• Latitude
• Natural vegetation
• Winds
• Aspect

7 ©SLNECB, 2016
Mohamed Taharo
 Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2016

9. Differentiate between intrusive and extrusive vulcanicity? (6 marks)

• Intrusive is when magma cools and solidifies below the surface of the earth
while extrusive is when the lava reaches the surface of the earth.

10. Use the climatic statistic for station X provided below and answer the questions
that follow:

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temp 0C 27 28 28 28 28 26 26 23 26 28 28 28

Rainfall mm 28 46 102 150 269 260 279 64 140 206 67 25

a) Calculate the annual temperature? (2 marks)

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 12 𝑚
• Mean =
12
27+28+28+28+28+26+26+23+26+28+28+28
• Mean =
12
324
• Mean =
12
• Mean = 270 C

b) Calculate the mean annual rainfall of station “X”? (2 marks)

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑓 12 𝑚
Mean =
12
28+46+102+150+269+260+279+64+140+206+67+25
Mean =
12
1636
Mean =
12
Mean = 136.33 mm

c) What is the annual temperature range of the station “X”? (2 marks)

• Annual temperature range = highest temperature− lowest temperature
• Annual temperature range = 280 C − 230 C
• Annual temperature range= 50 C

8 ©SLNECB, 2016
Mohamed Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2016

Part three: Extended questions, answer any two questions only. (20 marks)

1. Mention and explain problems facing maize farming? (10 marks)

• Droughts which destroys crops.
• Lack of fertilizer use
• Lack of capital investment
• Growing a single crop on the same plot of land
• Unreliable rainfall and water scarcity
• Local market competition for foreign crop products imported by ignorant citizens
from Ethiopia, Yemen and Somalia.
• Lack of pesticides for protecting crops from the insects
• Seasonality of produce
• Changes in demand and supply
• Lack of knowledge
• Fluctuation of price due to overproduction.

2. Urbanization has both positive and negative effects. Explain both positive and
negative effects of urbanization? (10 marks)
Positive effects of urbanization Negative effects of urbanization
• Improvement in economy • Overcrowding.
• Growth of commercial activities • Lack of sanitation
• Social & cultural integration • Poverty
• Efficient services • Unemployment
• Resources utilization • Increase of crime rate.
• Global warming
• water scarcity
• Agricultural land depletion

9 ©SLNECB, 2016
Mohamed Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2016

3. a) Define soil? (2 marks)

• Soil: is the top most layer of the earth crust that mostly supports plant life.
b) State the main components of soil? (4 marks)
• Mineral particles
• Organic matter
• Air
• Water Living organism

c) Name four process of soil formation? (4 marks)

• Soil is formed through the following 7 processes.
1. Organic accumulation
2. Eluviation
3. Leaching
4. Illuviation
5. Precipitation
6. Cheluviation
7. Organic sorting

4. You intended to conduct a field study on vegetation in your local district.

i. Give two reasons why you may need the map of the area? (2 marks)
• Easy to find physical features and roads of the area.
• To know area covered by the vegetation that is under study.
ii. State two agents that deplete the natural vegetation you are likely to study
about? (2 marks)
• Natural enemy such as desert locust attack.
• Cutting for wood fire and building material
iii. State any three measures you would advise the government to take to
reduce the depletion of natural vegetation cover in the district? (6 marks)
• Making other source of energy to prevent cutting of trees.
• Controlling pests that destroys plants
• Afforestation of cleared areas

10 ©SLNECB, 2016
Mohamed Taharo