Scribd
Upload
9 views31 pages

PPT OUR ENVIRONMENT

The document covers various aspects of the environment, including ecosystems, food chains, energy flow, and the ozone layer's depletion. It outlines learning objectives for students, such as differentiating between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste and understanding methods of garbage disposal. Additionally, it discusses environmental problems caused by human activities and emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices.

Uploaded by

Harshita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views31 pages

PPT OUR ENVIRONMENT

The document covers various aspects of the environment, including ecosystems, food chains, energy flow, and the ozone layer's depletion. It outlines learning objectives for students, such as differentiating between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste and understanding methods of garbage disposal. Additionally, it discusses environmental problems caused by human activities and emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices.

Uploaded by

Harshita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

OUR

ENVIRONMENT
EXTENT OF TOPIC

 Ecosystem and its components


 Food Chain and Food Web
 Flow of Energy
 Ozone layer and it’s depletion
 Methods of garbage disposal
Previous Knowledge Required

Students should have a previous


knowledge of
What is an Environment?
What is an Ecosystem?
What happens when we add
waste to the environment.
Basic idea about ozone layer.
Learning Objectives

At the end students will be able to


Describe the difference between
biodegradable and Non-
biodegradable waste.
Describe the components of
ecosystem.
Explain about ozone layer and it’s
causes of depletion.
Describe various methods to
dispose off garbage
Introduction

→ Everything that surrounds us is environment.


It includes both living (biotic) and non-living
(abiotic) components.

→ Interaction between these biotic and abiotic


components form an ecosystem.

→ In an ecosystem living components depend on


each other for their food which give rise to food
chains and food webs in nature.

→ Human activities lead to environmental


problems such as depletion of ozone layer and
production of huge amount of garbage
Ecosystem

→ All the interacting organisms in an area together with the non-living constituents
Be Sustainable
of the environment form an ecosystem. E.g., forest, pond etc.

Types of Reduce
ecosystem
waste

It is of two types
Re-use
(i) Natural ecosystem: The ecosystem which exist in nature on its own.
Example: forest, lake, ocean.
Conclusions
(ii) Artifical ecosystem: Man-made ecosystems are called artificial ecosystem
Be Sustainable

Reduce waste

Re-use

Conclusions
Components of Ecosystem

i)Abiotic Components: All the non-living components such as air,


water, land, light, temperature etc. form the abiotic components.

(ii) Biotic Components: All the living components such as plants,


animals, bacteria, fungi etc. form the biotic components.
• On the basis of nutrition biotic components are further divided into:

→ Producers: All green plants and blue-green algae can produce their
own food using abiotic components (photosynthesis), hence called
producers.

→ Consumers: Include all animals which depend on producers directly


or indirectly for their food.
Division of Consumers
(i) Herbivores: Plant eaters. Example: goat, deer.

(ii) Carnivores: Flash eaters. Example: tiger, crocodile.

(iii) Omnivores: Eats both plants and animals. Example: human.

(iv) Parasites: Live on the body of host and take food from it. Example: lice, cascuta.

Decomposers: Include organisms which decompose the dead plants and animals. Example:
bacteria, fungi. These help in the replenishment of natural resources
Food Chain
Definition:
A food chain is a linear sequence of
organisms where nutrients and energy are
transferred from one organism to another
through feeding.
Energy Flow:
Energy, initially captured by producers
(like plants) through photosynthesis,
moves up the food chain as organisms
consume each other.
Trophic Levels:
Organisms in a food chain are categorized into
different trophic levels:Producers: Organisms that
produce their own food (e.g., plants).
Primary Consumers: Herbivores that eat producers
(e.g., grasshoppers).
Secondary Consumers: Carnivores that eat primary
consumers (e.g., frogs).
Tertiary Consumers: Carnivores that eat secondary
consumers (e.g., snakes).
Decomposers: Organisms that break down dead
organic matter (e.g., bacteria, fungi).
Examples of Food Chains:

Grazing Food Chain:


Grass (producer) → Grasshopper (primary consumer) →
Frog (secondary consumer) → Snake (tertiary
consumer).

Detritus Food Chain:


Dead organic matter → Bacteria → Earthworm.
Energy Flow in Trophic Levels
Unidirectional Flow: Energy flows
from producers to consumers, but it
doesn't cycle back.

The 10% Rule: Only about 10% of


the energy at one trophic level is
transferred to the next higher level.
The remaining 90% is lost as heat
during metabolic processes or is
not consumed.
Energy Pyramid: The flow of energy
through trophic levels can be
visualized as an energy pyramid,
where the base represents
producers, and each level above
represents a higher trophic level with
decreasing energy.

Decrease in energy
1 kJ ↣ 10 kJ ↣ 100 kJ ↣ 1000 kJ
Biomagnification

Biomagnification is the process where the concentration of a substance (like


a pollutant) increases as it moves up the food chain.
Why it happens:
Non-degradable substances: Many pollutants are not easily broken down or
excreted by organisms.
Accumulation: These substances accumulate in the tissues and organs of
organisms.
Food chain transfer: When organisms at lower trophic levels are consumed
by those at higher levels, the pollutants are transferred and become more
concentrated.
Examples:
Pesticides: DDT, for example, can become highly concentrated in birds that
eat fish that have eaten contaminated insects.
Heavy metals: Mercury can accumulate in fish, and larger fish that eat
smaller fish can have even higher concentrations
Food Web

A food web is a complex


network of interconnected
food chains that illustrates
the flow of energy and
nutrients through different
organisms in an ecosystem,
showing who eats whom
Environmental problems:

Changes in the environment affect us and our


activities change the environment around us.
Human activities leads to pollution,
deforestation etc.
Ozone layer

→ Ozone layer is a protective blanket


around the earth which absorbs most
of the harmful UV (ultraviolet)
radiations of the sunlight, thus
protecting living beings from many
health hazards such as skin cancer,
cataract, destruction of plants etc.

→ Ozone (O3) layer is present at


higher levels of atmosphere (i.e.
stratosphere). It is a deadly poison at
ground level.
Formation of ozone molecule

(i) The high energy UV radiations break down


the O2 molecules into free oxygen (O) atoms.
O →(UV) O + O (atoms)

(ii) These oxygen atoms then combine with


oxygen (O2) molecule to form the ozone
molecule.
O2 + O → O3 (ozone)
Depletion of ozone layer

→ The decrease in the thickness of ozone layer


over Antarctica was first observed in 1985 and
was termed as ozone hole.

→ This decrease was linked to excessive use of


synthetic chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) which are used in refrigerators, ACs, fire-
extinguishers, aerosols sprays etc.

.
→ United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) succeeded in forging an
agreement to stop CFC production at 1986 levels (KYOTO PROTOCOL) by all
countries.
Garbage disposal

→ Improvements in lifestyle have resulted in


accumulation of large amounts of waste
materials.

Types of Waste

i) Biodegradable waste
ii) Non Biodegradable waste
.
Types of materials in Garbage

(i) Biodegradable: Substances which can be decomposed by the action of micro-


organisms are called biodegradable wastes.

Example: fruit and vegetable peels, cotton, jute, dung, paper, etc.

(ii) Non-biodegradable wastes:Substances which cannot be decomposed by the action


of micro-organisms are called non-biodegradable wastes.

Example: plastic, polythenes, metals, synthetic fibres, radioactive wastes, pesticides


etc.

→ Micro-organisms release enzymes which decompose the materials but these enzymes
are specific in their action that’s why enzymes cannot decompose all the materials.
Methods of waste disposal

(i) Biogas plant: Biodegradable waste can be


used in biogas plant to produce biogas and
manure.

(ii) Incineration- Heating the waste at a


very high temperature. e.g Biomedical waste

(iii) Land fillings: The wastes are buried in


low lying areas and are compacted by rolling
with bulldozers.
Methods of waste disposal

(iv) Composting: Organic wastes are filled in a


compost pit and covered with a layer of soil,
after about three months garbage changes to
manure.

(v) Recycling: Non-biodegradable wastes are


recycled to make new items.

(vi) Reuse: It is a conventional technique to use


an item again. Example: newspaper for making
envelops.
(vii) Sewage treatment plant: The drain water
can be cleaned in sewage treatment plant before
adding it to rivers.
 Ozone layer and it’s depletion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
ckULkfv3Hb0

 Methods of garbage disposal


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
xo2qxJuHw6I
Thanks

You might also like